Education is the process of developing the capacities and potentials of the individual so as to prepare that individual to be successful in a specific society or culture. From this perspective, education is serving primarily as an individual development function. Education begins at birth and continues throughout life.

Myanmar is our golden land country. The Union of Myanmar is a country located at the center of a tripod of East Asia, South Asia, and South East Asia. The Union of Myanmar is home to 135 ethnic races. Although there are 135 ethnic races, they are connected by natural and man-made communications. Myanmar is very interesting and valuable country regarding with the Buddhism and the Buddhas Sasana. Sasana means the dispensation of the Buddha.

The present study attempts to analyse the growth of Banana cultivation in Tamil Nadu districts during pre and post-reform periods. The study concludes that, the area has increased in Tamil Nadu districts in the banana cultivation during the post-reform period when compared to protected regime, while production and productivity has declined in the reform period. Particularly Salem district witnessed in the growth rate of area and production was negative trend in the pre-reform period and it turned positive in the post-reform period, whereas productivity has declined in the liberalised regime.

In ?(?, ?) theory of gravity, we have studied the interacting scalar and electromagnetic fields in Bianchi types space-time, by considering the particular cases (?, ?) = ? + ? . ?It is observed that, even though the line element of the space-time is distinct, the convergent and identical solution of metric functions can be evolved in each universe along with the components of vector potential.

Resistance sprint training has been the basic training practice of some very successful sprinters. Resisted sprint running is a common training method for improving sprint-specific strength. Resistance during sprinting has been proposed to increase force output in the lower extremity, increase stride length and increase explosiveness during initial strides (Costello, 1985; Delecluse, 1997; Klinzing, 1984; Korchemny, 1992).

Emotional resilience is a psychological characteristics which means the capacity to come back to normal condition after experiencing an emotional shock or a setback. Facing irritable situations is not an unusual thing for anyone. But being forced to live for months and years together is not an easily tolerable one. Likewise, suddenly occurring losses in business, bereavements in families, losing employment, etc submerge individuals in tears, anxieties, frustrations, etc beyond redemption.

Purpose : Organizations Today assume augmented significance towards improvement in their operational efficacy, and because of this, externalization of business processes by Organizations has been heading north.With the increase in dependency, the relationship among Organizations within the supply chain and not just at the superficial level has hence assumed crucial importance. The paper attempts to identify the various antecedents that lead to the development of an Industrial Buyer Seller Relationships through systematic literature review

Organizational commitment is one of the main factors which need to be understood. Employees, who are committed to their organizations, participate in activities and enjoy cooperating in their organizations. In today’s competitive environment, organizations attempt to recruit employees who are able to do their predetermined jobs well; and also, engage in activities that are not their formal job activities but affect organizational performance positively.

One of the greatest achievements of Francis Xavier’s mission in the Fishery coast and in the Travancore Coast was the establishment of ecclesial communities. As the number of Christians increased he was concerned about the construction of the churches. But he gave more importance to building up ecclesial communities emphasizing the spiritual aspects of Christian life. This he did through the deepening of Christian doctrine.

To begin with, begging, defined by Kennedy & Fitzpatrick (2001) as …asking passersby for money in a public place, is an all-inclusive observable fact, even as chiefly awkward in developing countries and tends to be understood as arise out of numerous factors befall in due course. Consonant with Fitzpatrick’s view, Adedibu (1989) writes that…the problem of begging is a universal phenomenon which has generated issues both in developed and developing countries but it is prevalent and least attended to in developing countries.

Teaching is a profession and moving in tune with what other disciplines have had that made them to have highly populous and respected in a society.Moving with vibrant innovations and skills required to have for getting dignified job in the society seem to be challenging and rather requirements for to be a 21st century personnel.Here in this article , skills that are required to have either teachers or the learners have been discussed and challenges and issues which our esteemed discipline are having also being penned as well.

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a relevância da contabilidade gerencial no planejamento, controle na tomada de decisão para a micro e pequena empresa, haja vista,que a mortalidade das empresas seja principalmente relacionada com problemas de gestão. Neste seguimento, foi analisado a necessidades que as MPEs enfrentam com a não utilização de uma ferramenta gerencial, em um mercado extremamente competitivo indubitavelmente seria o grande diferencial para o crescimento dessas empresas. A metodologia é uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa realizada por meio bibliográfico. Através da pesquisa foi possível mostrar os benefícios da utilização da contabilidade gerencial principalmente para as micro e pequenas empresas, a aplicação das informações contábeis em um processo decisório, evidenciando aos gestores para o nível de conhecimento e os mesmos avaliem o desempenho econômico, através das informações passadas pelo contador, o mesmo tem as informações precisas para que sejam transferidas aos gestores e que estes possam usa-las de maneira eficaz por meio dos relatórios contábil, sendo um fator imprescindível na tomada de decisão e possibilita um avanço em dos pontos relevante para toda a empresa que é a lucratividade, mas sem antes deixar de cuidar da contabilidade que vem a ser um ponto chave para o sucesso de uma empresa.

Estimation of soil loss for the bhatghar reservoir helps to finding the spatial distribution of soil erosion in Bhortaluka of Pune district in Maharashtra. In the present study using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data, RS-GIS technique, and the soil loss model, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used to estimate soil loss in bhatghar reservoir catchment area. RUSLE factors (A = RKLSCP) multiplied together to calculatesoil erosion rates, and to generate soil erosion risk categories and soil erosion severity maps with the help of raster calculation in GIS tool. The results indicate that the distribution of soil erosion risk classes show that catchment has minimal soil loss is 73.98% ,low is 4.29%, moderate and severe is 1.24% and 1.95%, and extreme soil erosion occupies 18.54% of the catchment. The soil erosion severity zone map indicates that the 73.98% of the study area comes under very low and 19.22% area comes under very high severity zone. The spatial variance in surface erosion is recorded due to variation in rainfall, topography and morphological changes, variety of soil type and characteristics and anthropogenic disturbances. Hence from the present study, the applying techniques are doing vital role in realizing the soil loss of reservoir.

Non-Communicable diseases contribute to ill- health. Due to shift in the structure of diet , the most common measured health outcome is obesity.BMI is a common measure for nutritional status of people(underweight , normal , overweight ,obese 1 and obese 2 ). The data for their study is taken from the outpatient Department of Endocrinology & Cardiology of Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi. Total 250 samples were included.Purposive method was used to collect the patients and questionnaire was used to collect the information from the patients. Results shows that dietary pattern affects body mass index of patients.

Taekwondo (TKD) is evolved into a modern-day Olympic combat sport. TKD athletes need high level of inner engineering for optimum performance which has to be developed through proper training. The physiological demands of TKD athletes to be conditioned in several aspects of fitness along with anthropometry, aerodynamic skill, correct techniques, and tactics along with psychological motivation. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of training on physiological profile of national level TKD athletes. The training directed mainly to the improvement of physiological qualities towards winning medals. The relevance of these variables for optimum performance is a major prerequisite for athletes and coaches. The sample consists of 14 male taekwondo athletes (age: 18±2 years; height: 176±7 cm; body mass: 68±11 kg) who compete at the national level. Physiological attributes of TKD athletes examined before (preintervention) and after (post-intervention) 8 weeks of training. The aerobic parameters such as sub max HR responses, anaerobic threshold HR, VO2max, recovery HR responses by incremental Quark CPET treadmill run test. The data analyzed by using SPSS Software of paired t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that there were significant adaptations in sub-maximal HR 2min, sub-maximal HR 4min and recovery heart rate responses but no significance in VO2max and anaerobic threshold heart rate (ATHR). This study suggest that 8 weeks of training has a positive effects sub-maximal HR 2min, sub-maximal HR 4min and recovery heart rate responses.

The aim of the present study was to analyse leisure time mental activities of school students. The study area of this study was Nagpur (MH). To conduct the study 500 school students from various schools operational in Nagpur were selected as sample. The age range of selected subjects was between 12 to 16 years. The selection of subjects was based on random sampling method. Mental activities done by school students in their free time were assessed by self structured questionnaire. Results reveal that leisure time mental activities namely playing chess, solving puzzles, painting reading books, solving crossword, playing musical instrument and listening to music were preferred by majority of students except that no consensus was observed on playing cards as leisure time mental activity. It was concluded that students are engaged in quite a few leisure time mental activities which may be looked as awareness of parents and school administration to foster overall development.

Salinity is a serious concern globally as it is a major factor limiting agricultural productivity. Salinity stress triggers a wide range of plant responses affecting cellular structures and metabolism. The influence of increasing saline stress on peroxidase enzyme in Vigna radiata (L.)R. Wilczek and Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper seeds were investigated. The seeds were germinated in Hoagland’s solution containing 25mM, 50mM, 75mM and 100mM NaCl. Samples were taken out at 24 hour intervals for 6 days and enzyme and protein assay was done. It was found that in both Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo the peroxidase activity increased as the duration and the concentration of NaCl was increased. The percentage of enzyme activity over control was also found to be increasing in both plants with increasing salt concentration and duration of treatment. The percentage of peroxidase activity over control was found to be more in Vigna radiata than in Vigna mungo. The amount of protein was found to be more in 100mM NaCl treated seedlings and the amount decreases as the duration increases in both Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo. Enzyme activity in units/mg protein was calculated and was found to be more in Vigna mungo. These results indicated that the peroxidase activity was clearly related to the ability of survival in these plants and the ability to detoxify H2O2.

Willingness to help others is an essential attitude by which one can lead effective social life. The term pro-social relates to behaviour which is positive and intended to benefit other individuals. It is an intentional voluntary behaviour intended to benefit another(Eisenberg, 1990). The study tries to compare the pro-social behaviour with respect to demographic variables i.e., sex, locality and type of school management and to find out whether there is a relationship between pro-social behaviour and academic achievement of higher secondary students of East Khasi Hills District. There is significant difference between male and female, between urban and rural and government, government aided and private higher secondary students with regard to pro-social behaviour. There is also a significant correlation between pro-social behaviour and academic achievement of higher secondary students. So, academic achievement increases when students act pro-socially.

Shakespeare’s most of the tragedies are studied in the specific aspect and considered that they are exposing the universal aspects of human life. None of the critics dares to talk about his oriental views laid in his bottom of heart. In each tragic plays, these aspects obviously seem in nutshell. Only Tempest is considered as a play of oriental views. But every character who suffers from his tragic flaw, can be considered as a occidental character and orients deliberately create such system or mind pattern by which the audience feels that the sufferers should suffer more to get rid from their black deeds. Othello is such a play which is ever considered as a play of racism. None of the researchers tried to tread beyond racism. The next step of study the play Othello is to look at it with the oriental views presented in this play. The protagonist of the play Othello belongs to the black race. Yet Desdemona falls in his love. Actually, many incidents in the play expose that it was not a love but the hate against black community which leads Desdemona to drag Othello in the jaw of death. The present article minutely concentrates on playwright’s oriental views through the play Othello.

The present survey of avifaunal diversity carried during year January 2016 to Decemebr 2016 at Siddheshwar lake, Solapur. Wetlands are considered as source of water for irrigation, agriculture, domestic and industrial use. They also recharge the ground water and protect the agricultural land from floods. The Present survey carried to study seasonal diversity of aquatic birds from one of the most important aquatic reservoir in Solapur. Birds are key indicators of health of wetland. In our study we found 39 bird species belonging to 25 families. The abundance and diversity of birds varies from season to season. Mostly the birds get attracted to wetlands especially in marshy places in search of food and nesting. In the present investigation we found maximum abundance of birds in winter followed by summer and monsoon respectively.

A service is any act or performance that one part can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Service Quality is an assessment of how well a delivered service conforms to the client’s expectation. In India about half of the economy is now in the services sector. In service marketing, managing service quality is very important. The main objective of this research is to study the significance of Service Quality in Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation with reference to Tirunelveli and Nagercoil, Division. Generally passenger compare the perceived service with the expected service. If the perceived service falls below te expected service, passengers are disappointed. If the perceived service meets or exceeds their expectations passengers will continue of use the same service provider.

The emphasis on women’s empowerment through their involvement in mainstream development projects is a recent phenomenon even though the constitution of India vowed for equal opportunity and social justice through its fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy. However, the equal participation of women in national economy and development process is a distant dream as they are either underpaid or underrepresented or subsumed in the name of their family or male counterpart. Their vulnerability become more profound as India signed the ‘GATT agreement’ in 1991 which opens up a galore of new opportunities but threw new challenges to the economy as a whole and women in particular. Urban side are expanding while rural side are facing the disincentives of worsening security in villages, employment opportunities, subsistence farming becoming less and less rewarding and unable in meeting their basic needs. The natural breadwinner male out-migrate leaving the women with the land he once cultivated.The positive side is that it gives women to get access to traditionally male-dominant farming practices thereby giving autonomy to some extent but if the policies and practices relating to agriculture are stagnated it will only add burden to their lives. This paper will try to enquire the condition of women farmers in agricultural policy in the realm of globalization. The paper is mostly theoretical in nature and based on secondary sources.

This paper aims to examine drivers and its moderating variables that influence consumers’ purchase intention on green FMCG products. Total of 125 completed and operational set of questionnaires was obtained from consumers, who are the residents of Jaipur, Rajasthan and have the knowledge about the accessibility of green FMCG products. Data were analyzed by employing correlation analysis on testing on the independent variables (drivers) to dependent variables (purchase intention). The results revealed that there is strong correlation between the factors that drive the purchase intention of consumers on purchasing green FMCG products. The findings created an understanding of the factors that influence consumer purchase intention on green FMCG product and serve as the information for marketers to plan for the marketing program that able to enlarge the market size of the said products.

Today, food is very important issue to the fast and business world. Food is important one to all for living healthy as well as happily. But nowadays, due to unhealthy food or fast food, we have to face lots of problems and so on. Therefore, there are lots of different about food and food habits among people. Here the researcher studies about the consumer behaviour, perception and preference of using malted food in kanyakumari district. The objectives are that to know the preference brand in malted food, influencing factor to choose that brand and general perceptions on malted food in the study area. 100 samples have taken form the study area and have been analysed carefully. It is concluded that the consumers, whether young or old, everybody like to have malted health food. They take malted food for relaxation, refreshment and also to acquire energy. Thus, malted food has become a part and parcel of their lives.

For the recent years, Cars have been an integral part of human life. Owning a vehicle provides more than just convenience. With the advent of autonomous vehicles and advances in technology, the market for mobility is expected to grow. Every auto makers and dealers must address the factors that contribute to customer frustration in buying a car. The presence survey was undertaken to study about the problems faced by the consumers of the car in buying among various brands of cars in Tirunelveli district. In all fifteen Taluks of Tirunelveli district, the car owners were taken and the size of the sample is 385. The aim of the study is to know about the problems faced by the consumers in buying a car is what they expect in advanced of, and after, the purchase of their vehicle.

The Banking industry occupies a unique place in a nation’s economy. A well-developed banking system is a necessary precondition for economic development in a modern economy. The major role of banks is to collect money from the public in the form of deposits and then along with its own funds to serve the demands of the customers quickly, paying interest for the deposits and to meet out the expenses to carry out its activities. For this purpose, banks maintain adequate liquidity and earn profits from its activities. Profit is the main reason for the continued existence of every commercial organization and profitability depicts the relationship of the absolute amount of profit with various other factors. In any case, compared to other business concerns, banks in general have to pay much more attention for balancing profitability and liquidity in form of deposits. Liquidity is required to meet out the prompt demands of customers and profitability is required to meet out the expenses of banks. Hence the research paper is an effort to study the deposit mobilisation of Punjab National Bank as the bank is a giant bank in public and private sector, with a credit mobilisation analysis of the bank for a period of past four years, i.e. from 2013 to 2017 is made. The main parameters of deposits in banks are savings bank deposit, recurring deposit and fixed deposit and the result is expected to maintain the growth rate for Punjab National Bank.

The banking industry has seen many developments to face the competition among its competitors in the last few decades. Technology aids the banking industry. Today Banks use E-banking as a tool to attract the customers. E-banking is the outcome of technological innovations and competition. The customers’ satisfaction and the problems faced by the customers are the challenges before the banks to survive with other banks. Hence this paper focuses on the quality of e-banking services provided by Public and Private Sector banks in Tirunelveli District. This study is limited to Tirunelveli area only, Tamil Nadu. The objectives of this study are to find out the service quality gap of public and private sector banks, identify the level of satisfaction of customers of public and private sector banks towards their usage of E-banking and to identify the problems of customers in using E-banking services provided by public and private sector banks.. Convenience sampling method have adopted for this study. The primary data were collected from questionnaire method. From the analysis, it is found that with regard to satisfaction in ATM services, the customers of both sectors of banks are equally satisfied. Also the customers are satisfied with the e-banking services provided by private sector banks. It is suggested that ease of use is the major factor to induce the customers to adopt e-banking. Therefore banks should maintain its applications more user friendly and up to date. ATMs receive the higher attraction among the e-banking channels. Banks must pay attention and plan to make the ATMs as the key distribution channel for all kinds of banking transactions.

Goods and services Tax (GST) is a value- added tax levied on most goods and services sold for domestic consumption. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is paid by consumers, but it is remitted to the government by the business selling the goods and services. Goods and Services Tax (GST) provide revenuesto the government. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a Canadian tax on goods and services for domestic consumption. Goods and Services Tax will reduce the tax burden on the assesse, since it will avoid the cascading effect.In Goods and Services Tax there is no scope to levy for resale tax, special tax, additional tax, turnover tax etc. Goodsand services Tax (GST) implies Zero rating of exports and interstate sale of goods and supply of services. Goods and Services Tax will reduce effective rates of tax to one or two- floor rates. There is no scope for multiple taxation on goods and services such as sales tax, entry tax, octroi, entertainment tax, luxury tax etc. It will increase tax collections due to the wide coverage of goods and services.Even though Goods and services Tax is very convenient for the consumers, there are also many problems faced by the respondents. So the researcher tries to find out the benefits as well as the problems faced by the respondents. So seventy five respondents were met and data were collected from them regarding the Goods and services Tax (GST).

The regularity of the eruption process is so unique that it is used as one of the markers of assessing physiological maturity of an individual in the comparison of chronological age versus dental age. Aim: to determine the eruption dates of primary and permanent teeth in a group of Egyptian children. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study consisting of about twelve thousand healthy Egyptian children of both sexes. They were randomly selected from children attending maternal and child welfare centers, public hospitals as well as governmental schools. Children were selected according to certain criteria then examined and the status of the eruption of each primary and permanent tooth was recorded on a specially designed survey sheet. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in mean ages of eruption of primary and permanent teeth between right and left sides. The prevailing sequence of eruption of primary teeth among boys and girls was central incisors, lateral incisors, first primary molars, canines, second primary molars. However, for permanent teeth the sequence of eruption differed between boys and girls. For primary dentition, there was a statistically significant difference between mean ages of eruption and the standard range for some teeth;this was also noted in most of the permanent teeth. Conclusions: The primary dentition exhibited less deviation from the standard range than the permanent dentition. Dates and sequence of eruption of primary and permanent teeth differ among populations.

Our Indian Telecommunication sector is growing higher each day. Indias telecommunication network is the second largest in the world by the number of telephone users (both fixed and mobile phone) with 1.206 billion subscribers as on 30.09.2017.[1] This happened especially with the launch of Jio mobile network services by the Reliance Industries on 05.09.2016. Within the first month, Jio announced that it had acquired 16 million subscribers. This is the fastest ramp-up by any mobile network operator anywhere in the world.[2]Jio crossed 50 million subscriber mark in 83 days since its launch, subsequently crossing 100 million subscribers on 22.02.2017.[3] By October 2017 it had about 130 million subscribers.[4] With many factors, a customers preferences are changing from one thing to another. For the purpose of satisfying consumers, nowadays, almost all the telecom industries are offering a number of cost-free voice calls and data services to satisfy their customers. [5] The present paper endeavours to study the satisfaction of customers towards Jio network with 100 respondents using simple random sampling method. The study concludes from its analysis that Jio network has to improve its network coverage and call connectivity respectively to retain its customer base.

Every Customer has their preference of banks and on how they interact with a bank to meet their various banking needs. To withdraw cash, most of the customer may prefer using ATM or a live teller in a branch location while few may depend upon transferring the amount , by utilizing the internet services. This study focuses and analysis the channel preference , why customer prefer their traditional branch banking and how they utilize the technology in their existing branch in Kancheepuram District with special reference to Tambaram city. This survey is based on feedback of 160 customers pertaining to various banks in and around Tambaram city. This research analyses and brings to light the customer preference toward technology used in the banks.

The advent of the internet, and in particular what we are calling Web 2.0, has so significantly changed our relationship to information and personal learning opportunities outside of formal education that we’re beginning to see a set of software tools emerge that are profoundly altering both learning processes and outcomes. These tools allow us to see the start of a radical evolution in education that will bring such dramatic changes that we’ll soon be at a point where we won’t be able to imagine education without them. This paper attempts to analyse previous researches done in the field of web2.0 applications in India. Web2.0 applications are very effective for educational purpose but there is need of more worthful researches in this field.

The Supreme Court of India on 9 March 2018 has pronounced a landmark judgement recognising that a terminally-ill patient or a person in persistent vegetative state may prepare an advance medical directive of a living will to refuse medical treatment. The Apex court taking cognizance of the report of Law Commission of India and previous observations of higher courts of India regarding the question of the right to die has clarified the matter by saying that the right to live with dignity also includes smoothness of the process of dying. The Apex court has made the procedural guidelines for execution of the advance directive of living will and has also laid down the necessary directives for execution of passive euthanasia in circumstances, where there are advance directives and where there are none. A large section of the society has welcomed the judgement. The judgement no doubt offers a humane solution to those patients who are in permanent vegetative state and gives them a scope of dignified exit from their miserable lives. In spite of that there are some pertinent questions that could be raised over the very issue of living will and its execution. We shall make an attempt to understand the judgement and its further implications raising those issues in our essay.

The present study was explored to find out the teacher effectiveness of prospective teachers. Survey method was used. The sample consists of 375 B.Ed. students from Kottayam district, Kerala. Data was analyzed by t-test. Result found that prospective teachers had average level of teacher effectiveness. Findings also indicated that there is significant difference in teacher effectiveness of prospective teachers in terms of gender and there is no significant difference in teacher effectiveness of prospective teachers with regard to locale.

The present study was performed on primary school students and analysis of their critical thinking was done by imparting interdisciplinary approach based curriculum through flipped classroom. The samples of 100 students of Grade-V were taken. Questionnaire was prepared by the investigator. The data was analysed with the help of mean, standard aviation and t-test. The major findings of the study were in favour of interdisciplinary approach (flipped learning).

Juvenile Delinquency has shown a dramatic rise and has generated considerable fear and concern among public. Young persons, usually less than eighteen years of age, who are forced into a harder life style due to their circumstances find temptations to stray from the law and cause the law to correct them. Innocent children become criminals due to unfavorable and hostile social environment. Disproportionate distribution of opportunities and resources to youth as they grow up contribute to the risk of youth getting involved in the juvenile crime.

The present study was aimed to find out death anxiety of secondary school students. Survey method was employed. A sample of 250 students was selected from Malappuram & Calicut districts. Data was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results found that there is no significant difference in death anxiety of secondary school students with respect to gender and there is significant difference in death anxiety of secondary school students with regard to religion.

It has been a long standing cause of concern for the educationists, not in India but the world over that all the students in a particular class are taught by the same teacher, achieve differently ranging from failure to the highest possible grades. The performance of students in a class has become more important in the present context of modernization and globalization when the world has become more competitive. In the school great emphasis is placed on performance right from the beginning of formal education. This paper is an attempt to study whether there is any relationship exists between the Academic Performance and Study Habits of the students.

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. It offers opportunities for growth in competence, autonomy, self-esteem and intimacy. However, it also carries great risks. Drug abuse is one of them all among adolescents. The risk factors for drug abuse by adolescents may be biological predisposition to drug abuse, personality traits that reflect a lack of social bonding, a low socio-economic status of family, family bonding, family relationship and parental guidance and care, a history of being abused or neglected, low emotional or psychiatric problems, stress and inadequate coping skills and social support, association with drug-using peers, rejection by peers due to poor communication skills, poor academic skills, failure in school, a history of anti-social behavior and delinquency. As the path to drug abuse is too complex, simple solutions to this problem are unlikely to be effective.

This study aimed to find out the test anxiety of secondary school students. Survey method was used. Participants were 250 secondary school students in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed by t-test and F-test. Result showed that there is no significant difference in test anxiety of secondary school students with reference to gender, location of the school, location of residence and nature of institution.

The world has gone through tremendous developmental changes during last two decades due to the evolution of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology. In the present scientific age, latest microcontrollers and electronics system offer numerous advantages for effective designing of complex applications particularly in the area of measurement and control. The contribution of Electronics, Communication and Information Technology is playing very significant role in agricultural sector which in turn provides basic needs to world humanity and to all other living beings with foods and fibers. Use of tractors and other farm machinery have boosted the agriculture production to meet the ever increasing needs of the world population. In the recent times, the applications of Electronics and Computers play a great role for enhancing the performance of the farm machinery system. Improvement in the performance of tractor has become the major focus of the researchers. Several fundamental equations have been evolved and acknowledged by many researchers. The ad vocation of Wismer and Luth theory 1974 was most noteworthy. They started experiments with dimensional analysis relating to wheel slip, soil strength, tyre performance, tyre dimensions and loading. The condition of fields was defined broadly as those observed in practical farming situations. Extremely slippery or hard surfaces were not covered under the theory.

The physically challenged persons are one of the excluded sections of the society and also they face number of problems in their daily life. In order to bring them in the main stream both the central as well as the state governments are introducing many welfare measures and schemes. To avail these welfare measures and the schemes, first of all they must aware about the same. The present study is conducted among the physically challenged persons about their problems in the daily life and also their awareness about various government welfare measures. The physically handicapped face problems as they attempt to adjust the demands of living in social environment. Their problems are not only those caused by their disability but also that of adjustment in a world that has apathetic or hostile attitude towards them magnifies their troubles and threatens their very existence as human beings. They face psychological, educational, employment and social problems. Among these, the most difficult is the adjustment to the hostile social forces in the society; disabled person suffers with the erroneous beliefs, which dry up their dayto-day way of life.

This paper provides future of Mutual Funds industry information as well as awareness level amongst people for Mutual Funds. Also this study gives an outlook to management as to how the mutual funds are performing in the current market situation as a result what may be the future of this industry. A structured questionnaire is used to collect the data from 150 investors by using convenient random sampling technique. Data is analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Result found that the important awareness about different schemes of mutual fund among the mutual investors who are in the age group of above 60 years is equity scheme and tax relief schemes. The important problems faced in mutual fund among the mutual fund investors who are in the age group between 20-40 years are unawareness related to market knowledge and poor service from brokers.

The water treatment to human consumption in rural communities consists one of major social – environmental. The capture, preservation and treatment of water are essential steps to ensure the quality in this rural places, when the process are usually administered by the own residents without due clarification about the care needed to conquer appropriate water to human consumption, and it expose them contaminations by pathogens. The good practices related to handling that involve important steps especially the treatment and storage, they begin to be important in connection of quality of water acquisition. This research purposed the identification of residents practices in water treatment, in addition of thequest of awareness about the environmental preservation, the natural resources conservation, like water and the adequacy treatment practices executed by residents . In this regard, it was applied environmental education practices and instructive measures that conclude that the environmental education steps represent a decisive stage in the sense of “ecological people” with proactivity in the direction of environmental preservation and conservation.

Koch Rajbongshi is an ancient tribe originally from the ancient Koch Kingdom. The Rajbongshi Tribe is referred to as Koch Rajbongshi/Rajbanshi/Rajvanshi. A big number of Rajbonshi people now live in Assam and the Rajbongshi of Assam are mainly backward from all aspect like education and socio-economic. They have their own culture and language. The main concern of this paper is to discuss the educational condition of the Koch Rajbongshi in Assam.

Literature can influence society in a way that impacts the person, who is an active participant of change. Women are proved that they are capable of doing anything which is obvious through their writings. The perceptions of women are changing towards the society which is noticeable through the gradual transformation of their themes they are representing. These themes have been travelling from personal psychological turmoil to woman in a broad sense and today they are in position to question and fight against the sensitive social issues of contemporary India. Majority of women writers depict the psychological suffering and oppressed lives of women through their fiction, the writers outstretched themselves from regional to universal level to stress on the universal aspects of colonization, imperialism, condition of subalter. Non-fictional works are the great sources to understand the prevailing social conditions of the day, In general, we say women positions in India getting better by looking at the very few women who succeed but the condition of ordinary women is still in pitiable condition in a typical Indian womanhood rapt in between socio-cultural factors disseminated by patriarchal dominance. The journey of Indian women writers from takeoff to triumph has started glaring.

According to the Nations United, water contaminated kills more than war. In addition, the lack of water and sanitation treatment leads to the deaths of thousands of people. It has a direct influence on quality of life, health and human development. Specifically in Brazil, mainly in the Amazon Region, due to the big territory and lack of basic infrastructure, this situation is even worse. Treatment options in these regions are scarce, and social technologies are being developed to provide absence of essential services for the population. The aim of this work is to develop a water treatment system for human consumption in the Rural Settlement of Canoas, 38 kilometers from Presidente Figueiredo - Amazonas. Bacteriological analyzes were performed on water samples from the wells, before and after the implementation of the automatic system proposed in this dissertation. Thus, the analyzed water sources were considered unsuitable for human consumption without previous treatment of the automatic system. With the use of the system, the analyzes carried out by the Sanitary Surveillance of the Municipality of Presidente Figueiredo showed that the results did not present any more indexes of water contamination, that is, the water was eliminated, making it suitable for human consumption.

The workstation is fundamental for the performance of the worker in the course of human evolution. With the modernity, the ergonomy has been expanding in order to provide greater comfort to the activities developed by the men. The need for studies aimed at reducing damage to the health of the worker arises. This article has the objective of demonstrate the application of some Ergolandia Software tools as a tool for analyzing a job in the civil construction segment. Such research is characterized as a study of qualitative, quantitative and descriptive aspects, as it verifies the intensity of certain activities detailing the possible points to be corrected for a better well-being of the worker. The study shows the ergonomic risk analysis during tasks performed by a facade in a construction work at the Regional Labor Court of the 11th, metropolitan region of Manaus, in the state of Amazonas. The research instruments used were a verification directly at the construction site, photos and Ergolandia Software, OVAAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysin System), OCRA (The Occupational Repetitive Action), Rapula Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), REBA Entire Body Assessment), Suzane Rodgers, Moore and Garg for data processing and determination of the degree of ergonomic postural risk and muscular dysfunctions involved in each activity performed by the worker. It was concluded that the construction worker in the specific work is in a mercy of serious posture risks, which vary from anatomical region according to the type of task developed. But with corrections due, such risks can be mitigated.

According to the 2011 Census, while 82.3 percent of women in rural India are engaged in agricultural activity or household industry, only 28.83 percent of them are cultivators. Moreover, almost 60% of women are outside the labour force and do not participate in any gainful economic activity, which is among the highest in the world. The NRLM was launched in 2011 and implemented in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and it is being a well planned scheme for economic empowerment for women, monitoring of the programme was felt appropriate to ensure sustainability of the ventures. The main aim of the study is to find out the socioeconomic status of the NRLM Beneficiaries and analyse the economic empowerment of the Beneficiaries. The area selected for the present study is South Andaman. 400 samples were selected by using stratified random sampling method. An interview schedule was used to elicit the socio economic status of NRLM beneficiaries; a five point empowerment scale was developed and used by the researcher to assess the level of economic empowerment of the respondents. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the study. The collected data were statistically analysed and interpreted by using appropriate statistical tool. The present study provides ample of evidence to the fact that NRLM training through SHGs laid the seed for social and economic empowerment of women. NRLM training through SHGs is the viable tool for promoting rural entrepreneurship in a holistic approach. The study has proved by enhancing their contribution to household income and increase the value of their assets. Thus NRLM no doubt empowered women and contributed significantly to the socio-economic development of rural women.

It is known that oil production represents a type of activity with strong potential to cause harm to the environment, although there is a great effort on the part of the refineries to modernize their production mode more and more in order to avoid any contamination of the environment, in particular the aquatic environment. It should also be noted that even though there is an awareness of the benefits derived from petroleum products, society generally understands that there are harmful effects of enjoying the comfort brought by this type of fossil, at times preferring to give it up in protection of the environment clean and balanced. Throughout the research, the contact with documents produced by the refineries, it was noticed that the same ones have also tried to broaden their range of commitment with the protection of the environment, looking for ways to correspond to the expectations of the society and the control organisms, to assume a management model committed to the defense of natural resources. It was noted in the work that one of the main concerns of the refineries is with the production water, whose representation reaches practically 99% in the activities carried out, that needs to be treated before being dumped to the environment, as well as the effluents that undergo a rigorous treatment process. In view of the context, it is important to note that searching for new technological standards is fundamental to keeping the environment protected from contaminating effluents. Thus, the objective of analyzing the potential environmental impacts generated by oil production, in particular by refinery effluents, has been reached. In order to do so, the methodology of searching data in the literature and at the locus was fundamental to reach the results presented in the research.

Idea of human rights came in central debate since last two decades, but the concept of human rights is as old as human civilization. With very beginning of human society, the rights were reflected through the citizenship. Individuals those who were citizen, can enjoy the rights and a very big number of human were slave and denied from even basic rights, not only in ancient western civilization but in ancient eastern civilization also. After the two famous revolutions, American and French, it has accepted that the rights are for all over humankind not only for a section of society. The notion that humans are rights bearers and being human everyone is entitled for enjoy the rights has emerged.

Poverty one of the major Problems in the Indian Economic System. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of poverty in India. It shows that no matter which of the two official poverty lines we use, poverty has declined steadily in all states and for all social and religious groups. the decline in poverty rates during these years has been sharper for the socially disadvantaged groups relative to upper caste groups so that we now observe a narrowing of the gap in the poverty rates between the two sets of social groups. The paper also provides a discussion of the recent controversies in India regarding the choice of poverty lines. India we have had a long history of studies on measurement of poverty. There are in fact many approaches to it. Some analysts focus on deprivations. There are however many problems associated with this approach including difficulties in aggregating deprivations on several scores derived from different data sources. Perhaps the best approach is look at it in terms of certain minimum consumption expenditure per person or preferably per household. Any household failing to meet this level of consumption expenditure can be treated as a poor household. This minimum level of consumption expenditure can be derived, in turn, in terms of minimum expenditure on food and non-food items. Minimum food consumption is related to fulfilling certain nutritional standards. However the minimum non-food consumption is more problematical. The Report explains how we went about it.

Medium of instruction wise professional adjustment of teachers was examined by the researcher on a sample of 792 teachers. Teachers have been classified into two categories viz. English and Hindi medium. To assess the status of professional adjustment of teachers, “Teachers Professional Adjustment Inventory" developed and validated by Rizvi was used. The reliability and validity of the tool were found 0.89 and 0.66 respectively. On the basis of percentile rank and professional adjustment scores, professional adjustment status of teachers have been classified into three levels viz. well-adjusted, average-adjusted low-adjusted. Analysis of data was done by t-test and ? 2 test through SPSS version 13.0.. This study reveals that there is no significant difference between professional adjustment of English and Hindi medium teachers in form A only but not in combined forms (A + B) and in form B. Even, professional adjustment levels of two groups are statistically significant. This shows that professional adjustment of teachers is not effected by medium of instruction.

In this paper we have presented Bacterial Die-off, Adsorption and Volatilization process as a transformation process, these process are very important in the study water quality. We first discussed the rate of disappearance of pathogenic bacteria and viruses due to die approximately by the first-order kinetic. In adsorption the relationship between the equilibrium concentrations of a constituent in the liquid and solid phases is governed by its adsorption isotherm is discussed and we also given the equation giving the rate of decrease of the constituent concentration due to volatilization.

Year 2011 was declared as the WOEN EMPOWERMENT YEAR. India, with over a billion people, accounts for nearly 17 percent of the present world population of ix thousand million people. Since 1900, the population has increased more than four times and if growth continues at the present rate, the world population is likely to reach 8.5 billion by the year 2020. Women, as an independent target group, account for 495.74 million and represent 48.3 percent of country’s total population as per 2011 census.

Shaiva Siddhanta is a school of thought and ritual practice based on twenty-eight Shaiva agamas or Tantras, authoritative scriptures in Sanskrit that proclaim their origins as divine knowledge revealed by Shiva.

Higher Education is one of the important areas in the present society and growing complexity. It is an instrument of bringing desirable social change. A highly competitive person with his desirable socio-economic and political dimensions can bring modernization easily. But that competitive person first requires a specialized educational system for his own professional and social growth. That specialized education is nothing but higher education. But it is not possible to provide equal educational opportunity to every one through higher education. It plays an important role in developing the nation to a great extent. It helps the members of the society to get lives, to develop well and to improve the strength of the nation. There is pursuit of truth and excellence in man and only the higher education can direct the right path of it. The present study has to examine the progress of Higher Education in Mizoram. The main objectives of this study are: (i) to analyze the expenditure for the promotion of higher education in Mizoram. (ii) to study the enrolment of students in higher institutions in Mizoram.

“Advertising is any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization or its product to a target audience through a mass/broadcast medium by an identified sponsor. It should be observed that for any promotional activity to be called advertisement it must be paid for.” In this study the researcher try to bring out the effectiveness of advertisement in retail outlets of textile in Chennai metropolitan area using 4 different outlets, Pothys Silks, The Chennai Silks, Jeyachandran Textiles, Saravana Stores to measure the status of the advertisement (Standard, Quality, Desire, Cost, Tradition), basic parameters of the advertising and information (Attention, Identification, Understandability, Reliability, Positive Interest) and the consumer priority towards the advertisement in the retail outlets of textile (Newspaper, Magazine, Radio, Television, Outdoor) in Chennai metropolitan area.

The Indian temples whether Buddhist, Jain or Hindu could be view in two perspectives, viz., horizontal and vertical. By layout, we mean the horizontal alignment of the temple. Architectural aspects are more discernible in the vertical alignment. The present articles analyses the features typical of the Vaisnava temples in their horizontal and vertical orders. The Kaviri delta is an abode of temple art and architecture. The Colas and their successors, the Vijayanagara – Nayaks, have render immoral services to stud the delta region with a host of temples, dedicated the various Hindu divinities particularly Vishnu and Siva. Of all the divyaksetras in region, Tiruvarur and its suburb provide the venue for several temples. This article has ventured to highlight the significance of Vishnu temple at Kannapuram, Tiruvarur district. This temple claim hoary antiquity as immortalized in the hymns of the Alvars. Kannapuram is of great significance because it figures prominently in the hymns of Kulacekarar, Nammalvar, Antal and Tirumankai. All excepting Tirumankai belong to the middle Alvar group and so the temple is famous since at least the 7th – 8 th century. Inscriptional evidences date since the time of Kulottunga III, down to Rajaraja III and date to the time of the later Pandyas. Architectural evidences would establish the fact that the temple was a growing entity down to the Nayak time.

Struggles and hardships faced by Black women have been a part of American history and a number of writers have highlighted the predicament of these women. Their situation will change if they resist. Those women who stand against this prejudiced treatment alone can taste the freedom in their life which forms the crux of the novels of Paule Marshall. Women who have determination, strength and power can weep out the problems encountered by them in their life. The male constructed idea of women as docile beings is shattered by this writer as she believes in women’s power and determination. Therefore her women characters have enormous power to encounter the trials and tribulations in their life. The issues of racism, classism, sexism, identity crisis form major themes in the oeuvres of Marshall and she focuses on the life of black women in alien land. Black women’s ability to cope up with the whites and their culture shown in her novels places her as a unique writer among the contemporary writers. In this article, the woes of Marshall’s women resulting from racism, slave treatment meted out by whites, and the impact of indigenous culture are taken up for analysis. Marshall’s ambitious women struggling to get due recognition from the society for retaining their self-respect are forced to behave in hard, straightforward, and frustrated way. During their hot rush up of the journey to reach their destiny, they throw their hindrances and barriers away even it is their husbands. In this way, Marshall displays their strong will, determined mind, and authority and unique way of handling the complex situations as well.

One of the most important cognitive ability which influences the success of learners is logical thinking ability. Among the four stages of Piaget’s development stages, the concrete and abstract operational stage is very important from the point of view of education and for the development of logical thinking. Also the logical thinking is necessary to consider the problems in logical ways and to find solutions by using logics and facts. The aim of this study was to know the effects of logical thinking on academic achievement of secondary school students of city Sirsa. The major findings show no difference in logical thinking of males and females. It was also found that private school students have good academic achievement in comparison to government school students.

This paper is an attempt to find out the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and psycho-social problems of college women teachers in the state of Punjab. Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (Self- Constructed and Standardized) and Psycho-Social Problems of Educated Working Women Scale (Hundal, 2002) were employed on a sample of 250 married college women teachers drawn from five randomly selected districts i.e. Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Amritsar and Moga out of the total twenty two districts of the state of Punjab. The study reveals that there is significant and negative relationship between teacher self-efficacy and psycho-social problems of college women teachers

Rural Indian economy is characterized by demand constrained as well as supply constrained economy. Modern jobless growth of Indian economy is accentuating further problems of our rural economy. In this situation NREGA works were expected to take care of both the sides together. But arbitrariness in selection of total number of work days related with social capital formation, independent of the level of skill formation in the economy, availability of technological inputs will ultimately lead to the suboptimal situation. The NREGA was motivated by the fact that India’s recent economic growth had not reached large sections of the rural population and that this urban based growth, was deepening divisions in the economy and society. The nineties were termed as a period of ‘job-less growth’ as high GDP growth rates failed to generate adequate employment opportunities. In fact, during the mid to late nineties (1993-94 to 1999-2000) when annual GDP growth rates increased and stood at over 7 per cent per annum, employment growth rate declined and was only a little over 1 per cent per annum. While the share of the agricultural sector in total employment is reducing, albeit at a low pace, over half of the entire labour force is still engaged in agriculture.

The village of Avur under the Palayakar of Kadalur south of Tiruchirappalli had become by the end of the 17th century the headquarters of the Jesuit Mission. By 1700 there were in the Avur area more than 30,000 Catholics with 29 churches. One of the peak years seemed to have been 1709, when some 10,000 adults were baptized. Most of the Christians found in the Avur - Tiruchirappalli region were Dalits. The Church at Fort has had a historical importance for two hundred years. The fort contains the first English church built in Tiruchirappalli, Christ Church, and north of the Teppakulam, built by Schwartz in the year 1762 – 66 with funds subscribed by officers of the British garrison. The Jesuits fathers built many chapels and churches in the places where they worked. Many of these churches still exist and among them is the Church of Our Lady of Seven Dolours at Tiruchirappalli known among the people as Palayakovil. The St Marys Cathedral was constructed in 1842 AD. It is the replica of the world famous St Marys Church at Vatican. Bourbon ruler Louis XIV of France finds a place in these paintings and it is a centre of attraction.

For Educational Development, Community Participation in Education has emerged as an Important Element/Component. The Concept of Community Participation for qualitative Development of Education in much wider/broader and has been understood from olden time in the entire/whole world. Especially, it has been of utmost Importance in the Indian context. If we look at Community Participation in Education Versus the Education and Community as two separate Entity, then by observing the condition and process of Educational Development in both the cases one can easily made out the importance/relevance of community Participation in Education. In this research paper, the qualitative Changes in Education as a result of Community Participation and the Implicit interrelation of Education and Community has been discussed in detail. In Addition, for reference the research paper/Article, Indian Government reports related to Education were consulted and data collected.

With the continuous rise of innovative technologies for a better human life, the Nation of India started moving towards a digital and cashless economy. The growth of Internet has significantly impacted the use of digital transactions over a decade. To further accelerate the surge in digital transactions the Government of India announced the concept of ‘Demonetization’, an attractive package to promote the use of cashless payments through digital means. This research paper address the significant use of digital transactions in the states of Telangana and AndhraPradesh through a comparative study by means of four digital transaction media like Credit cards, Debit Cards, Internet Banking, e-wallets. The essence of the research is to highlight the significance of the digital transactions to evoke a positive shift to digital mode of payment across the said states to empower demonetization.

The study aimed to examine the relationship between leverage structure effect on the of debt maturity of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The objectives of the study were: to evaluate the relationship between leverage and debt maturity, to determine how leverage affected debt maturity. The data for the study was obtained from 101 firms that had been consistently listed in the TSE from 2010 to 2015. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the relationship between leverage and debt maturity. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive statistically significant relationship between leverage and debt maturity of firms listed at the TSE.

It is estimated that more than half of the population residing in the continents like Asia and Africa are not having an access to the clean water to drink. Many diseases are spreading like wildfire due to unhealthy drinking water. The most frequent victims of this unsafe drinking water are the children because they are unaware about the diseases that may spread due to drinking unhealthy water that is easily available. It is the responsibility of the caretakers of the children, the governmental agencies, educated youth, elders and so on to provide the safe drinking water to the children. The main reason of about eighty (80 %) per cent of the health related problems are caused by the water with various contaminants supplied for the drinking purposes to the people. The only solution to this issue is that the governmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, corporate sector and so on should provide the safe and pure drinking water to the population under their respective jurisdiction and should generate awareness about drinking water after heating it well and then cooled for usage.

Initially the objective of irrigation was confined to supply water to crops whenever it requires. Many regions of the earth experiences uneven distribution and irregularity of rainfall. There are densely populated regions on the earth surface depends on agriculture. In such regions, provision of irrigation is important aspect. Irrigation is necessary in traditional agriculture to overcome droughts scarcity of rainfall. In modern agriculture need of irrigation increased tremendously. Irrigation constitutes one of the most effective technical means of the raising agricultural production in the developing countries. So in the present research paper, the major objective is to understand the irrigation pattern in Malshiras tahsil.

With innovation in the food industry, many new products are coming to the market, however, how many of these products are consumed by the target market is a question to ask. A fear of unknown makes the consumers not to consumer it and resist. Food neophobia is defined as avoidance of, and reluctance to taste, unfamiliar foods. Objectives of the study are to identify the factors leading to the neophobia specifically towards food. Further, this study attempts to enumerate the possible ways to overcome this barrier to adopt innovative food items. There are many reasons for this behaviour from the consumers, from attitude towards food to distaste of the food.

The durable products are major investment to the middle class families, the same time the change the products periodically because of outdated of existing products and poor performance of because of usages. The companies are utilizing this opportunity and design new products and survive in the market. Only four durable products are taken for this study. i.e. Washing Machine, Grinder, Refrigerator and Mixer. One hundred and twenty five respondents selected for this study, convenient sampling method used to collect the data. The percentage analysis used to present the socio economic profile of the sample respondents. Structure equation model (SEM) applied to find out the impact variables of buying decision of the consumers. Structure Equation Model is to give impact variables regards to buying decision. AMOS used to find the impact variables of buying decisions of durable goods. All the fifteen variables are significantly impact the buying decision of durable products in the study area. Companies may give all the products details and usage of the durable products in website and give link to effective search engine. Identification of decision makers is very difficult in this regard the companies may select the effective media to post their advertisement.

The main objective of this study was to find out the relationship between administrative behaviour and alienation among school headmasters in Coimbatore district. Survey method was employed for this study. 378 school headmasters were selected as sample. Data was analyzed by t-test and co-efficient of correlation. Result indicated that the level of administrative behavior and alienation among school headmasters is average. Major finding showed that there is very high negative relationship between administrative behaviour and alienation among school headmasters.

The media fails to live up to the marks set up by the pioneers because of stringent laws, monopolistic ownership and sometimes the threat of inhumane. Apart from state constraints serious journalism fails to sustain because of the competitive marketing environment characterized by its shallowness and sensationalism. The same conditions which led to the birth of “Social Responsibility Theory”. I discuss the theory of social responsibility in brief along with the situation of its conception, postulates of the theorem. Then the present condition is assessed.

The study mainly focused on usage of E-resources by the students of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad College of Engineering, Jagithyala. A majority 49% of students expressed that they are using e-resources for their subject knowledge and in preparing their Project report 30% students are using eresources. A Majority of the students 90% preferred E-Journals as their primary e-resources, 58% students using E-newspapers, 50% students using E-Books.ICT has broughtmodern changes in the performance of libraries and for a variety of applications in libraries. It helps libraries in creating database of their collections and formation them available for simple access to users within and outside the libraries through networks.

Assay of fluoride concentration in ground water samples around Surajpur district in Sarguja revealed that fluoride content in beyond the permissible limit in some residential areas. The extent of Fluoride present in different samples was obtained by spectrophotometer. the extent of fluoride was found in village Baraul found to be from minimum 2.4 to 3.0 mg/l. village Ramtirath found to be from minimum 2.1 to 3.0 mg/l. but in village Fatehpur and Barwahi found to be from minimum 2.1 to 3.50 mg/l. it is further added that extent of fluoride content in water depends on the climatic conditions and increase in summer.

The role of zooplankton in an aquatic ecosystem is well defined. They serve direct or indirectly as natural food for the primary consumers in a water body. The primary productivity of an aquatic ecosystem is directly correlated to the density of zooplanktons. The importance of zooplanktons need detail investigation in ecological view, their population, distribution and diversity. The present investigation deals with the diversity of zooplanktons from Ambadi reservoir at Kannad Dist. Aurangabad. There are different types of zooplanktons are observed from groups like Cladocera, Rotifera, and some Protozoans.

On the Internet, a medium that has already established its effectiveness in marketing activities, changes take place with surprisingpace. The recent outburst of social networking applications and websites and their number of users has captured the marketers’ attention. Companies have started to rework their relationships with consumers and acclimatize to the new online world. In this virtual world,online shoppers are a key factor. The swift development of the internet has aprofound impact upon the worldwide marketing environment. Currently it has become one of the most popular approaches for online trade. Businesses have been coming up with inspired ways to promote their products and services via internet. Thus it explains how modern market is replacing the traditional markets. This is a small effort to gauge the satisfaction level of a customers in their online shopping experience. Generally, the success of online shopping essentially depends on the customer satisfaction during their purchase.

The social media activism is increasing day-by-day due to the advent of technology. The other reason being the continuously increasing penetration of technology in the real world. The concept of social media activism is increasing, thereby, posing positive as well as negative impact on the real life. The social media has become the most popular form of media recently, just because it is a virtual world by which the real life is getting affected. Thus, because of the improvement in technology, social media is getting popularity, whereby, social media activism is increasing. There are various social media platforms consisting of different applications and different websites. It is very well known that social media activism is employed by the grassroot activists so as to spread all the information, especially those which are not available on mainstream media and censored news. Thus, it is impacting the real life to a greater extent. This paper is a creation for those who want to understand the pros and cons of the social media activism. It will be useful for those activists who want to study how social media activism be made to reach to a larger audience.

Objective of the study: To investigate the mental health and stress among boys and girls College Students. Hypotheses: There will be no significant difference between boys and girls college students dimension on mental health. There will be no significant difference between boys and girls college students dimension on stress. Methods: Sample: For the present study 80 Sample were belongings to Aurangabad City, 80 students among them 40 boys college students and 40 girls college students. The age range of subjects was 18-25 years. Tools 1) Mental health inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastav (1983) was utilized to access positive aspects of mental health. 2) Personal Stress source inventory (PSSI): The Singh personal stress sources inventory (SPSSI) used for the study consisted of 35 Questions. Procedure of Data Collection Two tests administered individuals as well as a small group. While collecting the data for the study the later approaches was adopted. The subjects were called in a small group of 20 to 25 subjects and there seating arrangements was made in a classroom. Prior to administration of test, through informal talk appropriate rapport form. Following the instructions and procedure suggested by the author of the test. The test was administered and a field copy of test was collected. Results: Boys College Students have significantly good mental health than the girls college students. GirlsCollege Students have significantly poor mental health than the boys college students.

Strategic rural marketing practices varies from value added services to the rural customers. It also includes the specialized promotion programmes especially for rural markets. The present study analyzed the significant difference among the farmers and traders regarding the view on 14 out of 20 variables in Strategies Rural Marketing Practices (SRMP). The important SRMP narrated by the factor analysis are promotion techniques, developmental marketing, knowledgeable sales force, management of demand, value added services, and building of inputs. The score of all 20 variables in rural marketing practices have been included for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and narrated that value added services, building of inputs, knowledgeable sales force, development marketing are important strategic rural marketing practices for future.

To accelerate the economic developed of our country, it is not only to increase rate of savings but also to improve the holding pattern of savings. Savings held in the form of currency or physical asset either remain idle or kept unproductive or wasted . An investor who is not ready to take the risk of capital volatility, prefer mutual fund as an investment avenue. Benefits of funds offer choice, liquidity, convenience and often require a minimum investment. Some investors prefer capital appreciation, many opt for a regular income, and some are interested in getting tax concession and rest try to mitigate risks.

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) is a vital sweet root plant spread over the land. Ulva reticulata, Ulva lactuca, Sargassum, Gracilaria corticata and Kappaphycus alvarezii are sea weeds which is considered as treasure of sea. Both are having various medicinal, pharmacological and biomedical properties. Hence in this study, comparative phytochemical (saponin, chlorophyll, carotenoid and pectin) analysis was carried out between Glycyrrhiza glabra and sea weeds in order to find out the source of richness of phytochemicals. It was observed that the highest percentage of phytochemicals available in Glycyrrhiza glabra than the sea weeds, so it would be utilized in better way towards the phytopharmaceutical drug development in future.

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones. Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within the agro-ecosystem, including soil organisms, plants, livestock and people. Organic agriculture can be said to be practiced by more than 100 countries in the world. Indian policy makers also promoting organic farming for reasons like sustaining rural economy, improving soil health, creating good environment etc. In India organic farming has been in practice for decades. Organic farming is great importance and there are number of benefits for overall development of economy.The study pertained to Shikaripura Taluk, Shimoga District of Karnataka State. Development is a process of organized and dimensional growth driven by negative feed backs. It cannot be sustainable unless it is inclusive reducing poverty for the broad masses of people. This has particular concern for countries like ours having very large gap between rich and poor. The government needs to explore ways to enable rural poor to get benefit from agricultural development is the only one suggestion given adopting organic farming.The ultimate goal of the organic farming is to the enhancement of the sustainability. The organic farming is not an exclusive method for sustainable farming but it does soil and water protection and it conservation techniques of sustainable agriculture used to combat erosion, compaction, salinisation and other forms of degradation are evident in organic farming.

In the present investigation the investigator adopted normative survey method.A sample of 400 Higher Secondary Students was selected from 10 Schools from Kanyakumari district. Social Maturity Scale was used as the tool. Percentage and ‘t’test were used as the statistical techniques. The result showed that there is significant difference in the Social Maturity of male and female sample and there is a significant difference in the Social Maturity of Rural and Urban prospective teachers. Also, the result revealed that there is significant difference in the Social Maturity of Government and Aided Higher Secondary Students.

There are social and economic inequalities in India. There are many reasons for it. Traditional social structure is responsible for it. Caste system in society is one of the most important reasons behind it. Caste system is an obstacle in the economic and social development of the people. Status given by the caste system doesn’t allow people to improve their lifestyle. Education can remove these inequalities. Education plays very important role in human recourse development. It makes available various opportunities to the people. Therefore education is very important. There is a common problem of students’ dropout in every state. It can be seen in rural as well as urban area. Dropout rate is very high in backward regions because children need to work for the fulfillment of their basic needs. It’s higher in case of Schedules Castes and Schedule Tribes because their financial background is not strong. The basic objective of the research paper is to concentrate on various factors leading to the dropout of students in secondary education. It is observed that factors relating to family and society are highly responsible and correlated with this problem.

This paper pertains the water quality parameters were depicted by various color combinations for different ranges of concentrations. The average results of various parameters like PH, TDS, and total hardness, ca, mg, Na, k, Fe, no3, l, so4 respectively were 7.82,1420,62 machos/cm, 220mg/l,128mg/l,80mg/l, 92mg/l,0.09mg /l,40mg /l,240mg /l,1.60mg/l ground water quality map should the poor quality of ground water, primarily due to its hardness, digital elevation model and other statistical parameters were also studied. The analysis includes the study of spatial and temporal variations of quality of ground water in the region. The ground water samples were collected from all 72 waters of the Vishakhapatnam city. Taking representation samples from each ward these were analyzed in the laboratory for physical, chemical parameters.

According to the UNESCO Charter “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed” (UNESCO 1945).If we are to follow this, we need to change our mindset, our perceptions and our worldview to move from a culture of war to a culture of peace. Education is the powerful means to shape the people’s minds and hearts towards peace and is a powerful tool to promote peaceful culture. Teachers conduct the symphony of education. Teachers are role models of peace values. They must cherish the values and attitudes conducive to peace and exhibit the same in their behaviour. They must bring change in themselves first, to be the peace-builders. Hence, the present study aimed at developing culture of peace among student teachers for which the researcher designed modules of innovative strategies. The study used Quasi Experimental pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design. The modules were implemented on experimental group. Control group was not given any treatment. The inferential analysis used t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA, the results of which show that the innovative strategies were useful in developing the values, attitudes and skills among student teachers of experimental group.

The anthropometric measurement provides numerical measurements of the physical structure; these measurements are used to determine condition of nutrition and development, growing up differences and structural status of the professional athletes. Based on these measurements the athlete will opt for his/her convenient sports. Depending upon on the characteristics of a particular sports branch different physical structure and body proportions are needed to achieve high level success in each sports. Successful performance in sports is influenced by anthropometric characteristics.

The present study was explored to find out the emotional maturity of high school teachers. Survey method was employed. A simple random sample of 270 teachers was selected in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed by t-test and F-test. Results indicated that there is no significant difference in emotional maturity of high school teachers with regard to gender, location of the school, type of management, teaching experience in years, marital status and teachers in the family. Findings also indicated that there is significant difference in emotional maturity of high school teachers with respect to teaching stream and no. of siblings.

The present study aimed to find out the teacher motivation for language learning among adolescent learners. Normative survey method was employed. The sample comprised 46 adolescent learners of IX, X, XI and XII standards studying in Chennai district. Data was analyzed by Mean, Median, SD, Percentage and MANOVA. Findings showed that .

Computer technology has serviced the needs of business. Education maintains the role of providing a workforce that is both familiar and comfortable with computer related technologies and the type of labour they create. From this viewpoint, it is logical to expect educational institutions to provide their students with the experience of using Web technology in learning. The Internet may also be used to replace the traditional classroom lectures. A number of courses are being developed in which portions of the course or the entire course ware offered via the Internet. The instructor may place course notes on Web pages, may create video recording of a live lecture for viewing on the Internet, or use combinations of these ideas. Forsyth (1998) discussed several methods of preparing courses for the Internet including facilitating the use of video clips on Web pages as well as the use of forms and other graphics on Web pages.

The present study focuses on the effect of monitoring strategies on self-regulation among pre-service teachers. Self-monitoring is the personal perceiving of an individual while performing the task and monitors the transformation of the skills while carrying out the task. Self-regulation as an active mental process of conscious involvement with experience that requires deliberately bringing one’s thinking to the level of conscious awareness. Initial attempts to measure self-regulated learning (SRL) using questionnaires and interviews were successful in demonstrating significant predictions of students’ academic outcomes. The present article describes the monitoring strategies has involved the development of self-regulatory processes and motivational feelings or beliefs regarding learning in authentic contexts. These strategies include thinkaloud, diaries of studying, direct observation, and microanalyses. This experimental study is involving intervention by the investigator and 20 trainees were taken as a sample for the study.

Context: It has been a constant challenge in the last decades, the effort of environmentally correct actions in order to preserve the natural resources of the planet. Thus, researchers, governments and a significant portion of the population strive to undertake this type of action that contributes in some way to the life assurance of future generations. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the academic community of a professional and technological education (EFA) organization related the environmentally correct attitudes to the effective practices of environmental actions. Method: The survey was carried out in a sample of 296 people (57 teachers, 203 students and 36 administrative staff, randomly selected), whose data were collected with the help of a questionnaire with closed questions and analyzed with the aid of tools. Results: The results showed that a) the practices of the academic community are associated with the environmentally correct attitudes, that is to say, b) the reasons that lead to the environmentally correct actions are those of security and self-realization, Maslows categorization and c) the predominant factor in community actions is the motivational, to the detriment of hygienic ones. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that the actions practiced by members of the academic community are in line with environmentally correct attitudes.

Service quality is one of the most crucial ingredient for the success of an organization.The continuously changing customers’ expectations and demands are making it difficult to maintain high level of service quality especially in food service sector. On the top customers’ demands are evolving separately for each group of demographic profile. Liking and disliking are changed based on age, sex, area, region, income, education or profession which makes it even harder to maintain standards. This study tries to identify the relationship between service quality attributes and customers’ profile based on their expectations and perception. The study was conducted on 16 IRCTC food plazas under Northern Railway. 400 sample were collected (25 from each food plaza) through modified structured questionnaire based on DINESERV model.The study would help the management to make suitable strategy for satisfying each group of customers’ profile.

Context: It has been a constant challenge in the last decades, the effort of environmentally correct actions in order to preserve the natural resources of the planet. Thus, researchers, governments and a significant portion of the population strive to undertake this type of action that contributes in some way to the life assurance of future generations. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the academic community of a professional and technological education (EFA) organization related the environmentally correct attitudes to the effective practices of environmental actions. Method: The survey was carried out in a sample of 296 people (57 teachers, 203 students and 36 administrative staff, randomly selected), whose data were collected with the help of a questionnaire with closed questions and analyzed with the aid of tools. Results: The results showed that a) the practices of the academic community are associated with the environmentally correct attitudes, that is to say, b) the reasons that lead to the environmentally correct actions are those of security and self-realization, Maslows categorization and c) the predominant factor in community actions is the motivational, to the detriment of hygienic ones. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that the actions practiced by members of the academic community are in line with environmentally correct attitudes.

Abridged texts for English Language Learners help to improve the power of comprehension. Simplification of texts for ELLs revolves around application of less challenging words and syntax. While interpreting text by eliminating cultural and social interrelated information gives a broad scope of different interpretations and misunderstanding of cultural and social issues. This paper studies the abridged texts designed for ELLs through Readers Response Criticism. The qualitative reader understands that the process of making-meaning from a text depends on the interplay of factors related to the reader, the text, the social context and the cultural influences. The reader combines his intellectual and emotional meanings towards usage of symbols, images and other verbal things. For this purpose a short story ‘Father’s Help’ by RK Narayan’s “Malgudi Days” is taken for study. Group Discussion and comparative analysis of the text is analyzed cultural complications arise out of reading abridged text in interpreting and understanding the text by ELLs.

This study aims to fill the gap in external atmospheric literature and provide useful information to retailers by investigating the influence of external atmospheric variable specifically window displays on customers’ impulse buying behaviour with respect to apparel stores. Data were gathered from 677 shoppers using mall intercept method in top seven malls across Bengaluru city. The statistical tools used for data analysis are Cronbach’s a reliability test, principal component analysis, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The results proved that the eye catching window displays statistically predicted impulse buying tendency. The findings of the study suggest that in order to get positive reactions from the customers, apparel retailers should design attractive displays to enhance the attractiveness of the products in window displays and to induce impulse purchases.

Media is the most effective part of getting the message across through possible readers. India is a agrarian country and 70 % of its population is living in 6.5 lakh villages. Rural development is one of the most important economic sectors in the developing country like india, where the majority of the population is living in rural areas. These are all selected four newspapers are one of the prominent small and medium Kannada Newspapers in Karnataka, The present study is to analyze the coverage of rural development issues in small and medium Kannada Newspapers. Content analysis method is adopted for this study. One year Newspapers of Andolana, Suddimoola, Prajapragati, Hasiru kranti has taken for content analyze. Primary data indicated that four small and medium Kannada Newspapers. This research paper will focus on the overall as well as it covers varieties of issues like rural development, gave priority to Education, Health issues and Drinking Water rural development issues got 1st, 2nd and 3rd rank among all the news covered by selected four Newspapers.

The present research was developed in a complex of apartments located in the residential Avelino Pereira, project of the housing area AH1A, neighborhood Jorge Teixeira 3a (third) stage, East zone, in the city of Manaus. The study counted on content analysis and direct observation techniques, the use of semistructured questionnaire. The results of the research were analyzed using the cadastre of residents benefiting from the program as a data source. In order to meet the quantitative approach of this study, we chose to work with a sample of fifty (50) residents of both sexes and in the age group of eighteen (18) to sixty (60) years in a randomized stratified sample with survey and study of opinion, analyzing bibliography and previous studies of the place of residence, its physical conditions and facilities, directly affected by the informal settlements. The comparison of results after application of the questionnaire and surveys of statistical data in relation to the data collected by the program confirm the need for the construction of educational technology and multiprofessional monitoring in resettlement areas.

Context: The search for containment of the continuous advance of criminality in all spheres of associated human life has forced organizations to create new ways of acting. The Brazilian reality, for example, lacks examples that represent a hope in this sense. In Manaus, the pioneers of the Environmental Citizenship Space (ECAM) in the recovery of distressed environmental offenders can become the opportunity to experiment with new ways of acting in the Brazilian justice system. Objective: This study aimed to analyze if the experience of ECAM can be considered as the beginning of the institutionalization process, serving as an example for other geographical areas, expanding the so-called institutional field. Method: The method used consisted of the choice of knowledgeable subjects of the project, whose data were collected with the aid of a semi-structured interview script, operationalized according to a previously elaborated research protocol, which provided for the use of the analysis as a resource for analysis and interpretation of results. Results: The findings showed that a) the pedagogical workshops are the innovation of ECAM, constituted in the institutionalizing principle, b) the project is in the phase of transition from the stage of habitualization to institutionalization, c) in which the management process is applied as a way of producing project success, d) that the longevity of successful results characterizes the beginning of the institutionalization stage e) replication to other geographic areas is what is lacking to complete the process of institutionalization. Conclusion: The conclusions show that the analyzed project can be configured as an example to be followed for the recovery of distressed, representing, therefore, an institutional field.

In contemporary society the concern about the relation of man to the environment is pertinent, considering the intrinsic relation that exists between them. This presupposes the research problem: "What is the degree of environmental awareness of the residents of the community - ResidencialParqueCachoeirinha, considering the alarming level of degradation in the buildings of the community that make up the community?" The general objective is to investigate the environmental knowledge of the residents of the Community - ResidencialParqueCachoeirinha, in an attempt to use the data found to explain the degree of environmental degradation in the community. The justification is given by the importance of understanding the relationship between man and nature and man with his peers, through Environmental Education. The methodology respects the characteristics of the quantitative / qualitative research and as regards the objectives, the characteristics of the descriptive and explanatory research. We hope with this work to contribute to the discussions about Non-Formal Environmental Education in the community locus of study and, consequently, of communities with the same reality in the city of Manaus.

Public knowledge of crime and justice is largely derived from the media. This paper examines the influence of media consumption on fear of crime, punitive attitudes and perceived police effectiveness. This research contributes to the literature through increasing expertise on the relationship among worry of crime and media intake. This study also contributes to restricted studies on the media’s influence on punitive attitudes, while offering a miles-needed evaluation of the connection between media intake and pleasure with the police. Employing OLS regression, the results suggest that respondents who are normal viewers of crime drama are much more likely to worry crime. However, the relationship is susceptible. furthermore, the effects imply that gender, training, income, age, perceived neighborhood issues and police effectiveness are statistically associated with worry of crime. Similarly, fear of crime, profits, marital fame, race, and education are statistically associated with punitive attitudes. Subsequently, age, fear of crime, race, and perceived neighborhood issues are statistically related to perceived police effectiveness.

This article aims to address crimes of passion, and analyze the Maria da Penha andfemicide Acts those are crimes motivated by passion, or, excessive jealousy, since Many of those are caused by a number of factors involving uncontrolled passion, obsessive and compulsive jealousy, honor, matters. Right of self defense among thousands ofother reasons for such action which is more commonly perpetrate by men. Those punctuations that lead to the crime of passion should be clarified in detail as it deals with the laws via acts such as Maria da Penha act, which aims to protect women against violence, which often begins with minordomestic abuse and grow into drastic stories such as homicide and sequels that can endure for life . All need security and have their rights put into practice in real situations. E, very crime of passion must be solved and legally enforce. The research used qualitative methodology exploratory descriptive research, with of an integrative literature review. Twently.articles were collected from the Portal de Periódicos / CAPES and PubMed, Scielo.org and Scielo.br databases covering Passion Crimes; Maria da Penha and Feminicide Acts crime trends even with the Feminicide Acts.

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Tourism in India is economically important and is growing rapidly. It’s potential for earning valuable foreign exchange, employment opportunities directly and indirectly developing countries economy.Kerala is an established destination for both domestic as well as foreign tourists.Kerala is well known for its beaches,backwaters in Alappuzha and Kollam,mountain ranges and wildlife sanctuaries. Travelling through back waters is termed as backwater tourism. Customer’s satisfaction is influenced by the availability of various customer services, the quality of customer service has become a major concern of all business.Failure to pay attention to influential attributes in choice of intention may result in a customer’s negative evaluation and may lead to unfavourable word-ofmouth. Back water tourism comes under ecotourism. Government of Kerala wants to provide the best service to the tourists without disturbing the nature at any cost. So a study to analyse the satisfaction level of tourists related to the facility available under back water tourism is very important.

The family owned business has different characteristics and are unique. There are evidences to suggest that the investors are better protected by family owned businesses because the family is taking care to protect its investment. It is believed that the third-generation entrepreneurs lose everything while the firstgeneration entrepreneur builds. The restaurants, Jeweler shops and textile shops that are small retailers are family managed. For the present study the data have been collected from 100 respondents by a wellstructured questionnaire to study the family owned business enterprises in Agastheeswaram taluk. The study helps to identify the issues and challenges in family owned business enterprises.

The multifaceted problems encountered by the Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies are presented systematically in this paper. The main objectives of the study are to analyse the problems encountered in the disbursement of crop loan and to suggest the improvement of the Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies on the basis of the findings of the study. Primary data collected with the help of interview schedule from 23 Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies in Kanyakumari District by using proportionate random sampling method. The secondary data are collected from the records, reports, journals and internet in the financial year 2016-2017. By applying GARRETT ranking Technique for the problems identified, the causes ranked first are compulsion in buying fertilizers, slow processing, inadequate supply of quality seeds, difficulty in physical verification of land, do to want to repay their dues, old system of cultivation, pressure from politicians to sanction loan for the friends and relatives, easy approachability of other banks, lack of interest and motivation, marketing problems and political influences. From these analyses it is inferred that these factors are the most acute problems prevailing among the Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies in Kanyakumari district.

In all spheres of life the world today is characterized by fast changes. People are exposed to a large number of advertisements throughout the day beginning from early morning to late night. One of the challenging tasks today is communicating about social causes to the masses. Absence of proper communication about social problems leads to unawareness, ignorance and misunderstanding about the concept. Social advertisements create awareness among people, inform and educate them about socially relevant issues. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected from 140 sample respondents by applying convenient random sampling technique. The study reveals the level of awareness created by social advertisements, ways of giving social advertisements, the opinion of respondents and the effectiveness of social advertisements in bringing behavioural change.

An easy and equal access to basic services for all is an important criterion towards human development. It is also considered important human rights. In order to have an easy and equal access to all, the basic services have to be provided spatially without discriminated. This is more imperative for urban areas because of densely populated areas. Unequal access to basic services can lead to segregated space over time which can lead to social unrest and violence in urban areas. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the status of basic services within the city area in order to make them more efficient and effective. This paper attempts to assess the status of basic services in Ahemdabad city. The paper finds that there are wide disparities existing within Ahmedabad city as far as basic services are concerned. Therefore, the city planners have to deal with these disparities for sustaining development in long run.

We can hardly ignore the seriousness of poor postures. It affects health, physical efficiency, mental attitude and appearance of an individual. Most of our diseases are the outcome of poor postures. A teacher can do much in the classroom work and physical instruction period to prevent bad postural habits in the students. As a result of poor postures, says Dr. Mossher, "Constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbance of the circulation, nervous irritability and, most marked of all fatigue out of proportion to the effort expended, lessen the efficiency of the individual.

The traditional Indian culture didn’t provide priority to woman education. Nowadays, Indian Government gives import ants through various development scheme to woman education and entrepreneurship. Woman entrepreneurs participates and proves their skills in various sectors such as Space research , Banking, Industries, Education, Army, Air force, Entertainment, Media etc. The growth and strength of woman entrepreneur is in increasing trend globally. The administrative capacity of woman entrepreneur is also proved by them. The support of the state Government is the crucial actor for the development of woman entrepreneurs. With the contributions of woman entrepreneur the new India will be rise. The present study of this context deals with the problem of woman entrepreneur and gives the solutions to their problems.

This study aims at level of satisfaction of policyholder’s on life insurance policies of Life Insurance Corporation of India. The Insurance policies can be taken by the customer to meet. specific needs that are likely to arise in future, such as children’s education, marriage provision, old age pension benefit, health insurance and periodical needs for cash over a stretch of time. LIC of India has introduced different types of life insurance policies with different names in Life Insurance Market. Most of the life insurance policies offered by insurance company focus on providing more benefits in order to satisfy the customers. This study has been under taken to highlight the policyholders level of satisfaction on life insurance policies of life insurance corporation of India.

Yoga asana (postures) and breathing deal with the physical body, but due to their effect on the brain, they also affect the mind. All the wonders of modern science will not bring happiness, peace of mind, health or a long life. Although wonders have been achieved in our external environment – space travel, computers, etc. our internal environment has been neglected. Thousands of years ago the ancient yogis turned their minds inwards and discovered their true nature. The philosophical approach to yoga psychology is ground in the teaching of samkhya philosophy patanjalis yoga sutras the Upanishads and other sacred texts this perspective takes into account that we are a meaning making species this philosophical approach enables us to find hope in the face of tragedy the simple act of mentions sing making can turn a horrendous tragedy into an opportunity to learn how to tolerate difficult emotions improve relations hips and begin to connect with the hour sing relationships that surrounds the difficulty in this approach is there may be the false sense that what we do doesn’t matter if only we think the right thoughts.

Environmental awareness as the term itself connotes is to be aware about one’s own environment. Environmental awareness is a phenomenon that helps social groups and individuals to acquire an awareness of and sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems. A sample of 973 higher secondary school students has been chosen for the study. A standardized tool Environmental Awareness Ability Measure (2010) developed by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jah was used. The study revealed that majority (81.8%) of the higher secondary school students of East Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya, have high environmental awareness levels.Further, significant difference was observed in the level of environmental awarenessamong male and female students and also rural and urban students.

The study was designed to find out the comparison of selected physical fitness parameters between inter-collegiate level football and handball goalkeepers. To achieve this purpose of the study, fifteen football goalkeepers and fifteen handball goalkeepers who were participated in Bharathiar University inter collegiate level tournaments was selected as subjects, their age ranged between 18 and 25 years. The following tests were performed to measure the physical fitness parameters: 50m Dash test - To measure speed, Shuttle run (4 x 10m) test -To measure agility, vertical jump – To measure leg explosive power. The data was statistically analyzed by using ‘t’ ratio at 0.05 level of confidence.

Involvement of rural masses in developmental planning, implementation of developmental programmes and governance is much required for democratic decentralization and to bring balance in development in society. Panchayati Raj system, a three-tier system in the state with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels. It ensures greater participation of people and more effective implementation of rural development programmes. There will be a Grama Panchayat for a village or group of villages, a Taluk level and the Zilla Panchayat at the district level. With the commencement of economic reforms, the emphasis on decentralization has increased, especially because new partners in both decentralization and development are emerging. The 73rd and 74th amendments, passed in 1992, were designed to devolve powers so that citizens would actually have their voices heard and play an active role in governance. At the panchayat level, through the implementation of the 73rd amendment, this has begun to happen. Its efficacy is not uniform and varies from state to state. Due to poverty, illiteracy, non-awareness, unemployment, deprivation of opportunities, people do not involve in governance. In this paper attempt is made to describe the barriers to involvement of rural masses in governance and suggestions are made to promote involvement of rural masses in governance.

The service quality provided by the financial institutions included basic service quality or core service quality value added service quality and critical service quality. The service quality in e-banking is examined by its critical factors which determine the success of the e-banking implemental at commercial banks. The value added service quality in e-banking (VASQ) has been examined under nine dimensions namely ease of use, reliability, privacy, responsiveness, empathy, updation, interaction, price and efficiency.

The aim of the present study is to understand the practices taking place in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in terms of Health Insurance Programs implemented and used. The research survey has conducted on 400 Saudi people working in different government sectors in Riyadh city by usage of Likert scale questionnaire to find out perception outcomes on Health Insurances. The empirical study purely based on primary data and participants were from different parts of the capital city Riyadh. The questionnaire designed by the researcher in current perspective of Health Insurance implementation by Saudi government and challenges faced by Saudi People. The results of the study significantly show that most of the Saudi People perception is positive about the Health Insurance Program in Saudi Arabia.

There are no absolute standards of backwardness as there are not such standards for development. Hence the concept is relative one and in the ranking of areas, as perceived by people, all but the ones at the top are seen to be relatively backward. The root of the problem lies in the lack of clarity on the concept of backwardness and its relevance for the processes of planned development. In multitier democracy it is also necessary that there should be some degree of consensus behind the specific definitions used to make the concept operational (GOL.1981). The problem of regional balance and of backwardness has attracted the attention of planners, academicians and decision makers. NITI Aayog (2017) has identified 115 backward districts by addressing their specific developmental goals. The 115 backward districts have been identified based on select indicators of backwardness. Amongst these 115 backward districts, 5 districts are in West Bengal. NITI Aayog ranked these 115 districts on the basis of indices: Poverty Index, Health Index, Education Index and Infrastructure Index. The main objectives of the study are to make a deeper insight into the Infrastructure Index, especially on the road infrastructure facilities of the five backward districts of West Bengal.

This paper is based on the frames employed by different scholars, academicians, former ambassadors, media analysts, civil servants, in their articles on indo-Pak efforts on conflict resolution. The categories were the researcher narrowed down the inductively into following themes and queries based on the frames were chosen for a personal interview via email as soon as the columns were published were taken into account.. Many scholars had different views on one and same topic.

This paper is highlighted on SAQ Training. Any sports activities, competitions and games always require speed, bio motor components. Speed is the ability of the complex, because in general, speed is an ability that allows a player to move as quickly as possible at the level of specific resistance. Agility is an important quality in a lot of sports that are played on the field. In badminton, agility demonstrated the ability to move with quick footwork and precise. Exercise of speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) has become a popular way to train athletes. SAQ continuum involves six principles and this training has more benefits.

This study aims to examine whether father’s educational qualification and mother’s educational qualification shows significant difference with regard to students’ academic motivation. Survey method was employed on a sample of 1011 respondents from 11 selected higher secondary schools in Chennai, Kanchipuram and Vellore districts. A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample the respondents. Data was analysed by using ANOVA. Results showed that there is significant difference in academic motivation of higher secondary students based on father’s educational qualification and mother’s educational qualification.

[An attempt has been made to study the views of the teachers towards privatization of higher education. Descriptive survey method has been undertaken to find out the views of the teachers through gender variables. The teachers comprising of 306 numbers as sample has been taken through random sampling method from Odisha. Statistical techniques like meanand percentage have been used to analyze data from the questionnaire developed by the investigator for the present study. The findings of the study reveal that the activities like admission and generation of funds, teaching learning procedure, financial assistance, educational facilities, institutional cohesion, management of the private higher educational institutions are required to promote higher educational institutions managed by private body.]

This study is an experimental one and conducted in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu. The aim is to study the Effectiveness of Smart Classroom in teaching Science for IX standard students. The investigator selected 70 students from Sourashtra Higher Secondary School where the Smart Classroom facility was available. They were divided into two groups. These were treated as Experimental groups. Each group consisted of 35 students. The investigator selected a group of 35 students from Setupati Higher Secondary School where the Conventional method of teaching was adopted. This was treated as control group. The investigator adopted pre-test and post-test equivalent group experimental design. The investigator had constructed and standardized an achievement test which was used for data collection. The investigator prepared 60 objective type questions under six category to conduct an achievement test. A pilot study was conducted to a sample of 100 students. In order to standardise, the responses were subjected to item analysis. Item belongs to the item difficulty level and item discrimination ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 was selected for the final tool. The total number of selected items in the final test was 30 and the time allowed was fixed as 60 minutes. For the purpose of analysis of data descriptive analysis and inferential analysis were used. The result of the study revealed that smart classroom improves the achievement in Science of IX standard students. It is concluded that teaching Science through smart classroom is effective.

To improve the quality of the teachers and their teaching profession, teacher education programme plays a vital role. A teacher is the backbone of the society. No nation could progress economically, socially, culturally or politically without improving the quality of teachers. All nations of the world are trying their best survival in the race development and progress, and “Teacher education” is being considered as a key element for the purpose. Teacher education is very essential for the whole society to face the valueless challenges in 21st century. But the quality of teacher education cannot be given one-year duration; therefore NCTE prepared the (Recognition Norms and Procedure) new regulations, 2014 of national policy for higher education for B.Ed., course duration as two- year in India. But even the two- year B.Ed. Course faced some critical problems. This paper tries to point out the problems of two-year B.Ed. course faced by Teachers and Student-Teachers in India. The study revealed that in the two-year B.Ed. programme the percentage of problems faced by both Teachers Student-Teachers is found is 47.47%. The present study indicated that there is no significant difference exists between the problems faced by Teachers and Student-Teachers in two- year B.Ed. programme on the basis of Gender and Locality. There is no significance difference exists among the problems faced by General, OBC, SC and SC both Teachers and Student- Teachers. And this study also found that there is no significance difference exists among the problems faced by Arts, Science and language Group both Teachers and Student-Teachers in two-year B.Ed. programme. But on the other side this study also revealed that there is significance difference exist between the problems faced by Teachers and StudentTeachers at Private and Government B.Ed. Colleges in two-year B.Ed. programme. In this study it is observed that the percentage of Students related problems is higher than their counterparts and the percentages of problems faced by Government B.Ed. colleges both Teachers and Student- Teacher are higher than private B.Ed. colleges.

The present study highlights the impact of Flipped classroom Teaching in learning Landform in Social science. Flipped classroom Teaching enriches the knowledge of the children in learning social science at standard VI. Learning Landform was difficult to the learners of standard VI in Sri Saraswathi, Municipal High School,Sri Kalakasthi,Andrapradesh. The identified and practiced Flipped classroom Teaching attracts the young mind in the classroom. Experimental method was adopted for the study. Sixty students from standard VI who were studying in Sri Saraswathi, Municipal High School,Sri Kalakasthi, were taken as sample for the study. Researcher’s self-made tool was considered as a tool for the study. Random sampling method was taken for the study. t test was used as a statistical technique for the study. Findings of the study are 1.There is no significant difference between the Pre test of control group and post test Control group in achievement mean scores of the students of standard VI in learning Landform of social science through Flipped classroom Teaching Sri Saraswathi, Municipal High School,Sri Kalakasthi, 2.There is significant difference between the Pre test of Experimental group and Post test of Experimental group in achievement mean scores of the students in Social science. 3.Learning Social science by using Flipped classroom Teaching gives significant improvement in learning social science at standard VI.

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (FAO) Food security for a household means access by all members at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum, (USDA). The Public Distribution System is one of the poverty alleviation programmes in India. The basic aim of PDS is to provide essential commodities like rice, wheat, sugar, edible oil and kerosene at subsidized prices in all over India. In this paper discusses the effects of Public distribution system in providing food security and Anna bhagya yojana scheme in Karnataka state.

The main objective of this research article is to analyze the impact of High Frequency Trading (HFT) on price formation and liquidity in the National Stock Exchange(NSE) market in India. Analysis revealed that HFT firms tended to place more orders than non-HFT firms during auction trading sessions, most HFT orders could be classified as “make” orders, the ratio of HFT orders which hold back pricemovements is higher than that of conventional orders, and the carrying out of HFT orders tended to hold down directional price movements. These observations suggest that HFT firms at NSE adopt a market making strategy known as electronic liquidity provision.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of extensive interval training on muscular endurance among kabaddi players. Twenty four (24) kabaddi players from south Travancore Hindu College, Nagercoil and Scott Christian College, Nagercoil were selected randomly as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 19 to 25 years. The players those who participated in the Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Inter Collegiate Kabaddi Tournament were selected randomly as subjects for the study. The selected subjects were divided into two groups. Group I underwent extensive interval training and Group II acted as control. The experimental group (extensive interval training) was subjected to extensive interval training for alternative three days for up to six weeks. The extensive interval training was selected as independent variable and the criterion variable muscular endurance were selected as dependent variable and the selected dependent variable were assessed by the standardized test items. Muscular endurance was assessed by Bent knee Sit ups test and the unit of measurement in numbers. The experimental design selected for this study was pre and post test randomized design. The data were collected from each subject before and after the training period and statistically analyzed by using dependent‘t’ test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). It was found that there was a significant improvement and significant different exist due to the effect of extensive interval training on muscular endurance among kabaddi players.

Durable products are helps to reduce the manpower and complete the domestic work. The hi tech durable products are improve the standard of living, apart from the standard of living the living style also increase due to durable products. The research and development helps the marketers to update the products, the updated products creates more demand. Three products were taken for this study i.e. Washing machine, Micro wave oven and refrigerator. The convenient sampling method adopted for this study, before collect the data from the respondents. The researcher approached the consumers and asked whether they are having all the three durable products. The structured questionnaire issued to collect the data. The percentage analysis used to present the socio economic profile of the sample respondents. Chi Square test applied to find the socio economic profile influence the level of satisfaction of durable products. This study will help the marketers to understand the level of satisfaction of the durable products at the beginning. How the new products get the market and reach the existing consumers and induce to replace the durable products. They concluded that the consumers are collecting the durable products details while come for exchange the products. The satisfaction of durable products are price related and product related presented in this study, it will use full to the marketers for price fixing and products designing.

Beauty salon or beauty parlor is an establishment dealing with cosmetic treatment for men and women. Beauty salon provide extended services related to skin health, facial aesthetic, foot care , nail manicures, aromatherapy and many other services. Nowadays the beauty care service industry is rapidly growing business in the Chennai city. The growing number of beauty conscious people and their demand for variety of service cater to the growth and importance of this industry. This study aims at measuring the service excellence and customer satisfaction levels with the help of customer satisfaction factors that are facilities factors, service factors, staff approach factors, sales promotion factors, brand image factors and price factors. This study includes depth interview of 159 female salon customers from Chennai city. The finding shows that most of the customers are regular and majority of them are from 21-30 years age group. Customers are giving most important to the attributes like service excellence of beauticians, facilities factors, price factors and price factors.

Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in India has a long history: a socio-political movement to educate people for their upward mobility in the development ladder. Hence, efforts and initiatives were directed towards simplistic linear expansion: more schools and more teachers and more children in the primary school system.The National Policy on Education (1986/1992) and the World Declaration on Education for all (1990) put the concept of UEE(basic education) in an inclusive conceptual framework ,which provided a direction and intensity to the efforts mounted to achieve UEE, which continues even today as a ‘teasing reality’ . The concepts of UEE which acquired clarity and comprehensiveness. To put it simply, UEE components were delineated more correctly: (i) universal provision and access ; (ii) universal participation and completion; and (iii) a substantial improvement in the quality education , mostly defined as ‘breadth and depth’ of learning acquisition.

The most distinctive feature of modern society is its science based technology which has been making a professional impact on teaching learning process. So there is need to be realized to explore new strategies to improve the learning of mathematics. So the present study aims to find out the effect of metacognitive strategies on learning in mathematics. The research was carried out on a sample of 120 IX standard students of district Sangrur in Punjab. The data was analysised with the of t-test and analysis of variance. The results revealed that there is a significant positive effect of metacognitive strategies on learning of mathematics.

Man has classified the day into two parts. In one part he will engage in the activities which are necessary to carryout the day to day activities and works related to the profession have to be fulfilled.

In the place Pazhankarai known as Pazhankarayanallur, Thiripuvana Chakravarthi Virarajendra has built Poncholiswara Temple with enormous sculptures beautifully. Among them, the first is Munthondriswara who is seated as the moolavar. However this temple has many olden sculptures. According to inscriptions, this place has many rivers and wells and the Lord seated is really very great. The trade routes the ‘Adikeelthala Padaiveedu’ manifest the greatness of the place. Lord Poncholiswara is seated here. It is a very ancient sculpture bestowing blessings to the devotees. Choliswara endows blessings having the Thrimurthi as his leader namely Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra. Choliswara is put up on a nearly two feet pita under the divine headed snake at a height of nearly three feet. It has been designed as pouring the holy water on the moolava. In Kongu nadu temples especially in places like Avinashi, Thirumuruganpoondi, Manur, Pazhani, Kolumam, Kannadiputhur, Kadathur, Solamadevi, Perumanallur, Kiranur, Bhavani, Anthiyur and Sathiyamangalam the god in Linga form reveals Saivism in its zenith. The upheaval stage of Saivism was in the days of Kongu Cholas.

Child labor is an evil which is a worldwide problem and a large number of children are subjected to inhuman treatment and are denied of their basic rights. Children, who are the future responsible youth, must be politically aware, because they have to cast their vote and choose representatives to rule. Those children who are engaged in child labor are not aware about their rights and having very low level of political orientation. In Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir, due to continuous shot downs, strikes, protests, and cross firing etc. has kept the school going students inside their homes resulting in child labor in so many ways. Difficult terrain and topography coupled with hardships of winter also keeps its subjects confined to homes which has kept them economically backward and in order to earn a living, they have adopted many occupations like cottage level industries which they can perform within the households even though these are hazardous to their health and also fetch low economic returns. A number of International conventions have been passed to protect the children from exploitation but yet the Children are not provided environment in which they can groom as physically, morally and mentally developed subjects. In spite of all these measures, the problem of child labor still continues and there is ominous need to reconsider and re-devise our policies and programs so that people are not forced by their economic necessity or otherwise to send their children for work.

Western Chalukya architecture also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture that evolved during the rule of the Western Chalukya Empirein the Tungabhadra region of modern central Karnataka, India, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Western Chalukyan political influence was at its peak in the Deccan Plateau during this period. The centre of cultural and temple-building activity lay in the Tungabhadra region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments (Hardy, Adam 1995).

Chandrala Parameshwari is the presiding deity of Sannathi in Karnataka. Chaitra Krishna Panchami is considered to be most auspicious for worshipping Devi. This year Rathothsavam will be held on Thursday, the 5th April 2018. Have darshan of vintage picture of Devi and chant Ashtottara shatanama of Devi as referred in Markandeya Purana. Shree Lakshmi Chandralaamba Ashtottara Shatanaama Stotra Chandralamba Mahamaya Shambhaavi Shankhadhaarini.

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, is one of the socio-economic legislation which has been enacted for protecting the interests of the consumers in India. Unlike existing laws which are punitive or preventive in nature, the provisions of this Act are compensatory in nature. The Act is also intended to provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to the consumers grievances, and relief of a specific nature and award of compensation wherever appropriate to the consumer. Consumerism is fast emerging as an environmental force affecting major business decisions as consumers become more aware about their rights. Even though comprehensive statutory measures have been provided in India for curbing unfair business practices, for protecting consumer interest, and for promoting consumerism; companies have yet to do a lot. This paper analyses consumer awareness and perception about consumer rights and consumer protection Act by use sample through their purchase behavior and their action in case of dissatisfaction form the purchased goods.

The present paper is an attempt to overview the impact of MANREGA on employment creation in India. To fulfill the objective of the paper secondary data has been used. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program by the Central Government of India started in September 2005. It provides a legal guarantee of 100 days of employment per year in unskilled works to each rural household. Although providing livelihood security for rural households is main objective of this program, but it has others effects on rural economy likes the creation and maintenance of rural infrastructure, employment generation. The finding of the study reveals that MANREGA play a significant role in employment generation in rural India. It not only provides a security of food but also promote rural development.

Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental cut flower and is in great demand all over the world. To commercialize G. jamesonii tissue culture techniques are used to meet the growing demand for the planting material. In the present investigation callus induction and organogenesis were optimized with the leaf explants by manipulating the growth regulators. IBA, NAA and 2,4-D were used in different concentrations and combinations in MS medium to obtain callus from leaf explants.1.5 mg/L of 2.4-D was found suitable for best callus induction and 2.5mg/Lof BAP and 0.5mg/L of IAA induces best shooting whereas 2.5mg/L of BAP and 2.0 mg/L of NAA exhibited best result in inducing more no. of shoots per explant and length of shoot. 0.5-2.0mg of NAA as well as IAA were found best for rooting.

Digital India is the result of numerous advancements and innovative headways. These change the lives of individuals from numerous points of view and will engage the general public in a superior way. The Digital India program, an activity of respectable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new movements in each part and creates inventive attempts forge next. The thought process behind the idea is to construct participative, straightforward and responsive framework. Digital India is a program to convert India in to a digitally empowered society, and knowledge economy. It is an ambitious program of Government of India projected Rs. 1,13000 crores. This project is delivering good governance to people and coordinated with both State and Central Government. Henceforth, an endeavour has been made in this paper to comprehend Digital India as a crusade where advancements and network will meet up to have an effect on all parts of administration and enhance the personal satisfaction of nationals.

The state of mind of women experienced a change when they began learning and procuring. They ended up mindful of their own uniqueness. The adjustment in the public arena required a comparing change in writing. The adjustment in women states of mind is depicted with more prominent mindfulness in the books by women authors. The best case in such manner is Anita Desai. Keeping in mind the end goal to put Anita Desai in appropriate viewpoint, it is basic to contrast her and the contemporary women authors who share her topic of human relationship.

The statehood of Eritrea is apparently going through “No wars No peace” condition, UNSC imposed sanction, immense international pressure for human rights violations and most importantly under a state of an imminent outbreak of war with Ethiopia. Such standoff resulted into internal dismay, inconceivable influx of refugees with grave alarm that provoked the reaction of Diaspora which yet remain bizarre to fathom on the role played out to that effect. Understandably, the role of Diasporas is acknowledged not only in sustaining and winning war of liberation but also in the reconstruction and development process following independence.

Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional body which is formed to conduct free and fair elections to the democratic institutions. There are many challenges and problems faced by Commission while conducting of elections such as corruption, muscle power, criminalization of politics, rigging and booth capturing, proxy voting, etc. To overcome these challenges, there are frequent recommendations and reforms of elections such as use of EPICs, Electronic Voting Machines, VVPAT machines, Model Code of Conduct, posting of para-military forces for maintaining security, limitation and control on Election Expenses by contesting candidates, etc. Still, it is observed that, there are few of the challenges such as proxy voting, creation of fake voter ids, etc have become challenge for ECI while conducting free and fair elections to Indian democracy. Hence, it is suggested to link UIDAI (Aadhar) to the EPIC to conduct transparent elections. Further, more autonomy is needed for ECI to execute rules and regulations strictly.

The American advertising director William Bernbach says that “Good Advertising does not just circulate information. It penetrates the public mind with desires and belief”. Therefore social media is a digital platform to advertise the products and services which reach the nook and corner of the world. The advertisement creates awareness about arrival of a particular product and services among the general public who has a purchase power and they are willing to purchase to satisfy the human wants. Most of the developing countries, particularly in India, people are frequently using social media for chat, comment, sharing information and watching advertisements. With the advent of technology, the social media is like a virus which spreads nook and corner of the world through smart phones, laptops and personal computers which are connected to the internet. Hence the manufactures of the product or service are connected and understand the wave lines of the customers via social media. The marketers use this platform as a weapon to target people particularly youngsters, through contemporary advertising methods like the banner advertisement, flash advertisement, coupons, multimedia messaging services picture and video advertisements. This study gives an explanation on the perception of youngsters towards social media advertisements. The data was collected with the help of well- structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used to represent 120 respondents from the population in Kanyakumari district. The result of the analysis indicates that majority of the respondents access Facebook through their smartphones for watching advertisements. 4.2 (mean score) respondents made use of social media for getting product information and they are in the age group of 17-20 years and also that they are motivated by their friends to watch advertisements. This paper also gives some suggestions to the advertisers to capture the young consumers.

Almost every country has been a male-dominated one, except very few countries. Traditionally, patriarchy was perceived to be the rule of a man in a family. This male-dominated society is also called a patriarchal society. However, patriarchy is now descriptive of all maledominated social systems. The word patriarchy literally means the rule of the Male or Father. The structure of the patriarchy is always considered the power status of male, authority, control of the male and oppression, domination of the man, suppression, humiliation, sub-ordination and subjugation of the women. A women, no matter how smart or kind she may be looked down upon if she is overweight or does not conform to the concept of conventional beauty. In a patriarchal society, women are expected to be submissive and obedient at all times. The control of women is stressed. Women are not allowed to make decision. The patriarchy leads the women to accept male control. Men are the supreme authority and women are the followers. The woman has been given a secondary and inferior position in her family and society. All these can be changed when we provide good education to the woman. It is a powerful tool to create drastic changes in the life of the woman. In this article, I will attempt to show that the status of woman in patriarchal India.

Conceptualizing state distinct from society and the political system and drawing clear cut boundary between them does not explain much the particular trajectory of state’s role in economic growth, however ‘master’ the concept be. Peter Evans’ thesis of ‘embedded autonomy’ understands embeddedness and autonomy in its instrumental way and hence separates state from its society. It, then, becomes very difficult to understand a society with phenomenal economic growth in the absence of appropriate permuted level of embeddedness and autonomy of state, particularly Bihar.

It has been admired by many a critic that Osborne effected a ‘ turning point ’ a ‘break through ’, an ‘upsurge ’ , a ‘ revolution ’ by his fascinating dramas in the history of British theatre. But this kind of break through could be brought out by the playwright only by the authority and humanity of his voice. Indeed his voice is unique and alone in his ability to put on stage – the raising and slowing down of the pitch of the voice, bewildering range from tenderness to cold fury . His words have a star quality and they are “ longer than life ”. This is not by the virtue of the length of the speech or even its content but it is achieved by the measure of organization. It is achieved by the technique in which the words and the sentences or arranged, and how changes of speed, mood and the tone are achieved. Every dialogue and monologue of Osborne’s protagonists are at first will measured and are controlled in their delivery.

Civilization is the gift of river but now rivers are realized what types of feedback are coming from that civilization. Every civilization and cultural hearths were developed along the rivers. River is the source of water and water is the source of life. River is the heart of civilization and for this planet’s major and minor historical-cultural hearths were developed along river-sites. Rivers has its own health like civilization. But due to uncontrolled population growth and the unplanned civilization the heath of the river is being deteriorating. For these reason once the 7 major cultural hearths and civilization were developed but after a time-span those have destroyed and became ruined.

Urbanization may be defined as the process of formation or gradual growth of cities and towns. Its main dimensions are (a) progressive population concentration, (b) predominance of non-agricultural activities (c) structural and socio-physical changes .It is a fact that urban localities have increased from 17.3%to27.8%in the last few decades (1951 to 2001).But if we consider the another side of these development, a number of problems have also been identified .The situation is more acute both in case of the smaller and larger towns. Unplanned growths, rural to urban migration, insensible social and economic behaviour, and lastly general deterioration of environmental quality have come out as of utmost concern. Under these circumstances, the plight of the newly emerged town and cities should be highlighted as the present smaller towns will be big cities in the near future. So, the towns like Raiganj should be paid much more attention for its proper and perfect growth which will be environment oriented. The ever increasing problem of solid waste generation, its disposal and management in the Raiganj Municipality, West Bengal has been discussed upon data collected and generated in the field. It has been observed that this municipal town has experienced a remarkably rapid urbanization particularly over the last three decades and the extension of infrastructure of the urban service system, provided through the municipal office, has not been able to keep pace with this. Huge quantities of both bio-degradable and non bio-degradable wastes are being generated every day and due to the shortage of manpower and transport facilities solid waste disposal service cannot work properly. Rapid development of slums in the fringe areas of this municipal town in recent years has also aggravated the problem of solid waste management and disposal.

Hard and experimental attitude of raisin producer and favorable weather condition raisin production increased tremendously in Tasgaon Tahasil. Due to huge raisin production, there is problem of marketing of raisins. Since 1984 raisins were sold through brokers, commission agents and by wholesale dealers. From Tasgaon Tahasil raisins are sent to Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and Kolkata markets. But raisin producer farmers does not get better price by such marketing. Raisin auction sale have been started in Tasgaon regulated market on 13th March 1994. It is first raisin auction market in India. In the first two years total raisin market reached 13120 tonnes which turnover Rs 42 Crores. During the year 2010-11 total raisin market reached 36000 tonnes and turnover of Rs 170 Crores. In the year 2015 – 16 total raisin market reached 60,000 tonnes and turnover of Rs 520 Crores.

We prepared the conducting polymer (CP) polypyrrole (PPY) and its composites with a - Fe2O3 by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization using anhydrous FeCl3 as oxidant and HCl as dopant by keeping different molar percentage of Fe2O3 with pyrrole monomer. The prepared PPY and PPY/a-Fe2O3 composites were characterized by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and, their morphology examined by SEM and TEM techniques. The d.c. electrical conductivity (sdc) of PPY and nanocomposites (NCs) PPY/a-Fe2O3 against temperature (320 c – 1000 c) has been measure by four probe method.

HIV/ AIDS is deadly epidemic disease spreading in the world at a faster rate. As there is no medicine to cure HIV/ AIDS, awareness to prevent the same is the only way to prevent and control the same. For this purpose, there is need to know about the awareness of people about HIV/ AIDS. In this regard, the present study is made to know about the awareness of women living in slum areas of Kalaburagi city in Karnataka. The paper described knowledge of slum women on the awareness and prevention of HIV/ AIDS in slum areas of Kalaburagi city.

Women are now entering the labour force in large number in many areas to ensure rural transformation. The image of women in the society is fast changing but it is difficult to define clearly the changing shape of the image. At this stage it is the duty of everyone to remember the words of Jawaharlal Nehru;