Hair dye poisoning has been emerging as one of the important causes of intentional deliberate self harm. To study the epidemiology of patients who consumed Super Vasmol (a commonly used commercial hair dye), profile of patients referred to the ENT department, to find the effectiveness of supportive therapy and to compare between the tracheostomy and the non tracheostomy group, a retrospective study was conducted in patients who consumed Super Vasmol admitted over a year (April 2009 – March 2010) in a teaching hospital in South India. Out of the 108 patients 38 (35.2%) were males and 70 (64.8%) were females. 42 (38.9%) were in 21-25 age group. Patients who developed cervico-facial oedema, throat pain, burning sensation in the throat, change of voice, no voice and dyspnoea with stridor were referred to the ENT Department. 74 (68.5%) patients needed an ENT opinion. Cervico-facial oedema was the main clinical manifestation in 74 patients. 33 of them underwent tracheostomy. The mortality in 108 patients was 22.2% and after tracheostomy 21.2%. Purpose of the study is to create public awareness about the lethal effects of the hair dye, because it is a major health problem and to educate the public and the medical professional about the need for aggressive and early treatment.

Dyshormonogenetic goitre is a rare thyroid entity which occurs due to enzymatic deficiency in the physiological process of thyroxin synthesis resulting in goitre formation. This has to be differentiated from iodine deficiency goitres for their similarity in clinical presentation, hormonal profile and on scintigraphy studies. This differentiation is vital for the reason that Dyshormonogenetic goitre (DHGG) needs to be treated with thyroxin while Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) requires simple dietary iodine supplementation.

Proximity of orbit to nose and paranasal sinuses makes it rather vulnerable to insults due to otolaryngological causes. The medial wall of orbit (Lamina papyracea) is rather paper thin and it happens to form the lateral wall of anterior ethmoid air cells. Infections / tumors involving paranasal sinuses can involve orbit also causing proptosis. The aim of the article is to study the common otolaryngological causes of proptosis in our Institution during 2009 – 2012.

The study aimed at perceptually and acoustically differentiating the voices of identical twins from each other. AX same-different perception test was done to find whether the voices of identical twins could be perceived as same or different voices. Ten monozygotic twin pairs, 5 males and 5 females between the ages of 10 to 15 year old served as speakers. The speakers phonation of \a\ was permuted which resulted in pairs of two different stimuli. The paired stimuli were part of one of the following speaker groups: same speaker (different repetitions) or monozygotic twins. For the AX perception test 5 native listeners (students of Speech Language Pathology) were asked to judge for each stimuli pair whether it belonged to the same speaker or different speakers. On average, the listener’s correct identification of same speakers was 91.6% and the correct identification of monozygotic twin pair’s voice as two different speakers was 80.27%. This shows that there was difficulty in perceptually distinguishing the voices of monozygotic twins as that of two different speakers but the listeners’ sensitivity to twin differences was greater than chance . Acoustic analysis showed that shimmer values are more sensitive in discriminating twin voices among each other. This investigation can contribute to automatic speaker recognition as well as the field of forensic phonetics, especially forensic speaker identification. Key message: Differentiating the voice of monozygotic twins while listening to their voice is difficult but can be done at greater than chance level. Acoustically also the voice parameters are more alike. Shimmer values were found to be different significantly among the twin pairs studied.

Background/Objective: Soft tick in the ear is a very common acute painful and distressing condition in the flowering months of October to March. It’s a common condition in the rubber growing belt of Sullia. The mouthparts of the tick grips firmly the skin of the external auditory canal or the tympanic membrane and sucks blood and swells up. Otoscopy and removal of the tick from the ear can be done in outpatients in adults and difficult in a frightened irritable child. Materials and methods: 312 cases of intra-aural ticks presenting to the opd and casualty which included 131 males and 181 females were included in the study. Results: Out of the 312 cases of intra-aural ticks, 170 cases were treated in the outpatient and 140 cases under short general anesthesia with oto-microscopy. Conclusion: Intra-aural tick infestation is an acute painful condition which needs prompt management by an experienced otolaryngologist. Proper visualization and instrumentation is necessary to avoid complications.

Aim: is to evaluate clinical features of AOE diagnosed in and to update the previous study from our facility. Methods: A prospective, clinical and laboratory study in a tertiary health facility Results: A total of 3793 consecutive patients that attended the otorhinolaryngology clinics of the university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu during the period under study were assessed for clinical diagnosis of otitis externa. A total of 155 ears from 127 patients were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by microbial studies as having acute otitis externa. There were 66 males and 61 females out of the 127 patients seen. 71 ears had only bacteria isolated from the culture of their ear swab specimens, 28 fungus only and, 32 ears had both bacterial and fungal isolates while 24 ears had no isolates of microbes of the 3793 patients assessed. Conclusions: Acute otitis externa is a common disease in Enugu with no gender bias and there were three times more cases of bacterial otitis externa than fungal otitis externa.

Malignant tumors involving maxilla is rather rare. This comprises about 1% of all malignant tumors seen in humans. This tumor constitutes roughly 3% of all head and neck malignancies. This article discusses our experience in managing patients with malignant tumors of maxilla. All our patients underwent total maxillectomy followed by post operative irradiation. Mean survival rates of our patients ranged from 2.5 years to 3 years. Survival rates were also dependent on the histology of the tumor. This is a retrospective study of patients who presented to our Institution between 2006-2010. In our study we found that surgery had a definitive role despite the staging. Even advanced cases had a definite improvement in the quality of life. All our patients received post operative irradiation (full course) following total maxillectomy.

From periods best known to man, aroma or pleasant smell is always welcomed while bad odor withresent. Many methods have been adopted to avoid or mask malodour. Bad odor is considered as disgusting especially during the periods of intimacy or closer association with others. This article attempts to explain the role played by these mouth freshners.

Of all head and neck tumors, 0.5% to 0.8% of them are localized in the parapharyngeal space. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in this site are extremely rare. There are described in literature as either isolated cases or small series of tumors of that space. We are showing a case of a younger man presented with the recent facial nerve paralysis, hearing loss, otalgia and on the examination seen bulged right side of the soft palate and medialization of the pharyngeal wall. The biopsy was performed transorally. The pathohistology finding described a large B cell non-Hodgkin ´s lymphoma. Usually, the parapharyngeal tumors are benign and the surgery is the treatment of choice. In this case patient underwent chemotherapy. We point out, although rare, extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are possible pathological findings in the head and neck. Because of different treatment it is of great importance to know when we deal with this kind of pathology.

Odontogenic myxomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumours of head and neck with a potential for local infiltration and recurrence. They appear to originate from the dental papilla, follicle or periodontal ligament in mandible and less commonly the maxilla.These usually present in second or third decade of life as slowly progressive space occupying lesion in the jaw giving a mixed radiopaque-radiolucent appearance.The treatment is considered to be wide local excision in view of high recurrence with curettage alone. Here, we present a case of odontogenic myxoma of maxilla, in a 40 year old lady, with a brief review of literature, clinical, radiological, histopathological characteristics and therapeutic modality employed.

The incidence of secondary cutaneous deposits from squamous cell carcinoma larynx is very rare. We report a sixty nine year old male who was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of larynx who was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, presented with multiple grouped nodules over the neck in a zosterifom pattern. Eventhough nodular, plaque-like, exuberant growth and sclerodermoid skin metastases have been described in laryngeal carcinoma, metastases to the skin in a grouped pattern is uncommon with only one case reported so far in the literture. The possible hypothesised cause of dermatomal metastatic distribution my be secondary to perineural lymphatic invasion and invasion of dorsal root gangliaby malignant cells.

Super-Vasmol, a cheap, freely-available hair dye isemerging as a major cause of suicidal poisoning in India. It contains potential toxins including paraphenylene diamine, resorcinol, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and propylene glycol which can result in multiorgan dysfunction2 . This case report is an attempt to throw light on this emerging problem.

Background/objectives: A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. NRLN is related with absence of the brachiocephalic trunk and aberrant (mainly retroesophageal) course of the right subclavian artery which is evident on contrast enhanced CT scan of the chest. Case report: The patient presented with a swelling in the neck for 4 months which is slowly increasing in size. Patient gives history of a surgery done in the neck with an old midline suprasternal scar which was done 40 years earlier.laryngoscopic mirror examinartion was normal with moving vocal cords. Rest of the oral and oropharyngeal examination along with complete blood picture and biochemical investigations were normal. The patient was not a known diabetic or hypertensive. Conclusion: Accurate knowledge of frequent variations of the nerve along with the non recurrent variant reduces the risk of intraoperative injury. A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN) is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. NRLN is related with absence of the brachiocephalic trunk and aberrant (mainly retroesophageal) course of the right subclavian artery which is evident on contrast enhanced CT scan of the chest.

Hair dye poisoning has been emerging as one of the important causes of intentional deliberate self harm. To study the epidemiology of patients who consumed Super Vasmol (a commonly used commercial hair dye), profile of patients referred to the ENT department, to find the effectiveness of supportive therapy and to compare between the tracheostomy and the non tracheostomy group, a retrospective study was conducted in patients who consumed Super Vasmol admitted over a year (April 2009 – March 2010) in a teaching hospital in South India. Out of the 108 patients 38 (35.2%) were males and 70 (64.8%) were females. 42 (38.9%) were in 21-25 age group. Patients who developed cervico-facial oedema, throat pain, burning sensation in the throat, change of voice, no voice and dyspnoea with stridor were referred to the ENT Department. 74 (68.5%) patients needed an ENT opinion. Cervico-facial oedema was the main clinical manifestation in 74 patients. 33 of them underwent tracheostomy. The mortality in 108 patients was 22.2% and after tracheostomy 21.2%. Purpose of the study is to create public awareness about the lethal effects of the hair dye, because it is a major health problem and to educate the public and the medical professional about the need for aggressive and early treatment.

Hypoplasia of maxillary sinus is a rather rare condition. Review of literature reveal that so far only 6 cases have been reported. Hypoplasia of frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been documented rather frequently. In this article the authors report two rare cases of hypoplasia involving all paranasal sinuses which has not been reported so far in literature. This is actually an incidental finding when routine CT scan of sinuses was performed. This patient was clinically asymptomatic. Awareness of this condition is important because of implications involved in performing FESS surgery in these patients. Routine x-rays will lead to erroneous diagnosis of sinus infection because of the opacity seen in the poorly developed sinus area.

Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection with a rapidly progressive and fulminantcourse with often fatal outcome. A less fulminant variety of this is the Rhino maxillary subtypewhich usually presents with palatal ulceration, facial swelling, turbinate necrosis and purulentsinusitis. We are reporting our experience of 4 such cases seen during the last 10 yrs. A strongsuspicion, prompt diagnosis with pathological confirmation and aggressive surgical treatmentgives a better outcome.

Cervical Lymphadenopathy with collar stud abscess of tuberculous etiology is uncommon nowadays. This case is being reported for clinical interest and for the purpose of documentation. Introduction Tubercular Lymphadenopathy is a common extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Collar stud abscess are rarely seen in OPD nowadays. Tuberculosis remains a problem throughout the world and is still a common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) is often a benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that occurs as a result of sequestration or obstruction of lymphatic vessels. These lesions are usually discovered in infant or children younger than two years of age. Occurrence in adults is uncommon, and fewer than 100 cases of adult lymphangioma have been reported in the literature (1,2) . The objectives of this case report are to present the clinical history and surgical findings, review of literature and the unique problems encountered in the surgical management of this particular patient

Ectopic thyroid is a developmental defect of thyroid gland that leads to presence of thyroidtissue at sites other than its normal pretracheal location. It is frequently found along thecourse of the thyroglossal duct but can also be found at remote distant sites. Lingual thyroidis the most common presentation of ectopic thyroid . It is very rare to have two ectopic fociof thyroid tissue simultaneously and only 19 cases of dual ectopia have been reported inworld literature. In 70% of cases of ectopic thyroid the normal thyroid gland is absent. Wereport a case of 12 year old girl presented with dual ectopic thyroid.

Elongated styloid process occur in 4 % of thegeneral population, while only a smallpercentage of these patients are symptomatic.The normal adult styloid process length isconsidered to be between 20mm to 30mm.Thelongest recorded elongated styloid process sofor that caused symptoms and hence underwentsurgery was around 6.3cms though in an adulthuman dry skull upto 8cms have been recorded(2).We would like to present a case of anelongated styloid process measured 6.5cmswhich could be the longest recorded styloidprocess in world literature. A 45 years oldfemale patient presented with persistent pain inthe throat even after tonsillectomy done 4 yearsbefore. An elongated styloid process wasdiagnosed and was removed by transoralapproach following which the patient wasrelieved from her symptoms

This is a personal communication regarding the use of white head varnish as a nasal packing material

Hair dye poisoning has been emerging as one of the important causes of intentional deliberate self harm. To study the epidemiology of patients who consumed Super Vasmol (a commonly used commercial hair dye), profile of patients referred to the ENT department, to find the effectiveness of supportive therapy and to compare between the tracheostomy and the non tracheostomy group, a retrospective study was conducted in patients who consumed Super Vasmol admitted over a year (April 2009 – March 2010) in a teaching hospital in South India. Out of the 108 patients 38 (35.2%) were males and 70 (64.8%) were females. 42 (38.9%) were in 21-25 age group. Patients who developed cervico-facial oedema, throat pain, burning sensation in the throat, change of voice, no voice and dyspnoea with stridor were referred to the ENT Department. 74 (68.5%) patients needed an ENT opinion. Cervico-facial oedema was the main clinical manifestation in 74 patients. 33 of them underwent tracheostomy. The mortality in 108 patients was 22.2% and after tracheostomy 21.2%. Purpose of the study is to create public awareness about the lethal effects of the hair dye, because it is a major health problem and to educate the public and the medical professional about the need for aggressive and early treatment.