With the advent of new innovative system Componeer, the conventional porcelain veneer and composite restoration in the field of aesthetic dentistry has become minimal now. The Componeer system grants superior aesthetics along with ease of handling, no or minimal preparation, single appointment, no psychological trauma to patient and last but not least is economical. This article describes management of stained teeth by recently introduced novel system Componeer on which there is paucity of literature.

Aims and 0bjective of present study: A retrospective study was performed involving 480 patients of fracture mandible who were attended in dental O.P.D of Rangpur Medical College Hospital during the period 2010 to December 2013. The aims of this study to analyze the fracture mandible cases and treatment modality by miniplate osteo synthesis. To evaluate causes, sites and different ages of fracture of mandible. Methods: Retrospective study of data were collected from the patients record file of dental O.P.D during the period January 2010 to December 2013. Result: A total of 480 cases were studied where miniplate immobilization were made in 288 cases. Arch bar immobilization were made in 144 cases and rest 48 cases eyelet wiring. Among the 288 case male female ratio was 2:1. The treatment modality relation to patient was same in number for male patients by mini plate immobilization where as arch bar immobilization was same for female patient in number. The reason behind may be due to fear of operation by female patient. The results are shown in pie chart and bar diagram. Conclusion: Using this research results, a great effort was made to provide better management of fracture mandible patient to the population of at or around the city of Rangpur.Mandibular fracture were more present in male between 20 to 30 years rta was about 50% cases. Rigid internal fixation by monocortical mini plate osteo synthesis provide good long time results and satisfactory cosmosis without any significant sequela[8].The more frequently affected region were symphysis menti and angle of mandible.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a different degree of the glucose intolerance that begins during pregnancy. GDM affects maternal and child health and is associated with a potential for preeclampsia, caesarean delivery due to macrosomic baby and type 2 diabetes in the mother, and with higher rates of perinatal mortally and many abnormalities in the infant. Homocysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy) is increased homocysteine levels which are associated folic acid deficiency. Hcy is regulated by several factors including genetically determined metabolic enzyme alteration, nutritional status, underlying disease, certain medication, age and pregnancy. A total of (40 case+40control) 80 patients are included in this study, it was observed that majority 21(52.5%) patients were age belonged to 31-35 years in case group and 17(42.5%) patients were age belonged to 31-35 years in control group. The mean age was found 30.5±4.2 years in case group and 29.05±4.2 years in control group. Majority 19(47.5%) patients had 3rd gravida in case group and 20(50.0%) patients had 3rd gravida in control group. Majority patients BMI belonged to 25-29.9 kg/m2 (over weight) in both groups which was 21(52.5%) in case and 32(80.0%) in control group. The mean BMI was found 28.9±3.4 kg/m2 in case and 28.53±2.9 kg/m2 in control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. Studies have shown that folate deficiency is associated with increased homocysteine levels in blood.

Background and Objectives: Dental caries or decay is the most significant dental disease of childhood in Bangladesh. It is also reported to affect the anthropometric outcomes of children. So the objective was to assess the relationship between dental decay and weight of the children living in various slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the children in a slum area of Mirpur, Dhaka. The children were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A total of 310 children were interviewed and examined on the basis of the questions regarding their age, gender, height, weight, nutrition, socio-economic status and clinical conditions. Results: The study showed an inverse relationship between dental decay and weight among the children. Among 310 children about 40.64% were suffering from dental caries and 95.5% children were underweight. Children with at least one decayed tooth were significantly more likely to be underweight with odds ratios 0.614, 0.763 for the age group of below 6 years and above 12 years. Conclusion: The study depicted an inverse relationship between dental decay and weight among the children of slum dwellers in Dhaka and emphasized on the necessity of implementing proper dental health care policies and programs among those socio-economically deprived people.

Background: During the last three decades, ultrasonographics of a number of fetal osseous structures have been adopted for the assessment of gestational age and the evaluation of fetal growth and development. The most frequently used morphometric parameters include biparietal diameter, head circumference and femur length. Moreover, nomograms for other osseous structures, such as mandible, clavicle, scapula, vertebral arch, iliac bone and foot length have been established. Another suggestion is to measure the length of fetal sacrum, which should be visualized as a part of routine ultrasonographic evaluation of a fetus. Hence, associated congenital anomalies such as sacral agenesis or sacrococcygeal teratoma can be detected simultaneously Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of fetal sacral length in determination of gestational age at 15th to 40th weeks of pregnancy. Method: This study was carried out on 441 normal pregnant women between 15 to 40 weeks of gestation over a period of 24 months to find out the correlation between gestational ages with fetal sacral length measured by ultrasonographically. 41 patients were excluded from my study as 09 had multiple pregnancies, 02 had fetal congenital anomaly; out of them one had anencephaly and one had lumbo-sacral meningocele and complete visualization of sacrum was not possible for 30 fetuses. Result: Measurements of fetal sacral length were performed by utilizing gray scale real time ultrasound scanner equipped with 3.5 MHz convex transducer and gestational age was estimated by LMP.The mean gestational age was 27.52 with standard deviation of mean (±SD) was ± 7.28 weeks and gestational age ranging from 15 to 40 weeks. 40.0% percent were Primigravida, 31.75% percent were 2ndgravida, 18.25 percent were 3rdgravida, 7.75 percent were 4th gravid and 1.75% percent were 5th and more gravida. Most of the cases were Primigravida and 2ndgravida. A positive significant correlation were found between fetal sacral length with gestational age (wk) (r=0.998; p<0.001 and R²=99%) Conclusion:In this study it is observed that there is significant correlation of fetal sacral length with estimated fetal age so, it can be concluded in the present study that fetal sacral length(FSL) can be used as a parameter for estimation of gestational age.

Emergency department is one of the most important part of the hospital and also vulnerable to criticism. The reputation of a hospital rests to a large extent on the service of emergency department. A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted at Emergency Department (ED) of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka to assess different aspects of the service management of ED which includes opinion regarding different services, reception facilities, overall management of ED, waiting time for the patients to be attended by a doctor, required time for completion of emergency treatment, suggestions of service receivers for further improvement of ED of the hospital. A total of 121 patients or patient attendance and 39 health personnel were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and a checklist was utilized for availability of equipments and drugs in ED. The collected data were processed and analyzed meticulously with the help of SPSS (Version 21) software on the basis of different variables. According to Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) all instruments were present, 15 emergency drugs had been listed, out of them Inj. Streptokinase, antiseptic liquid were not available at that time in the ED of the hospital. The study revealed that out of 160 respondents the mean age was 40.3 ± 5.81 years, opinion about different services provided in ED more than two third found satisfied, only 18.1 % service receivers mentioned about the waiting time at ED to be seen by a doctor was ?3 minutes, more than half (54.5 %) required 20-30 minutes for completion of emergency treatment, different suggestions were suggested for further improvement of ED like increase number of wheel chair, stretcher, ambulance, to supply required medicine from the hospital, separate ECG room for female patients, waiting room for patients attendance etc. However, specific problems identified by different stakeholders need to be critically appraised by the authority to improve the services further.

Background: Periodontal disease is a destructive type of oro-dental disease because of potential damage to the dentition resulting early loss of teeth. Patients suffering from both diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease present the challenge of managing two chronic diseases as each of which may influence the other. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population of Dhaka City. Methods: The clinical study carried out in a reputed dental clinic of Dhaka, Uttara; consist of 132 type 2 diabetic patients as cases and 30 non-diabetic persons as controls. The cases include two age groups: one of which was considered as middle age group (4055yrs, both male and female) while the other age group consisting participants both sexes of 56-70yrs, were considered as elderly group. The middle age group was again divided into two categories, group A consisting of 22 patients on non-drug therapy but on regular physical exercise, restricted diet and other directions as per physician, while patients from group B were on oral drug therapy (oral hypoglycemic tablets). Thirty (30) non-diabetic persons belonging to both sexes and aged between 4055yrs (n=15) and 5670 yrs (n=15) respectively were selected as controls. Clinical exam was performed by a trained periodontologist and Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were determined according to the preset criteria. The periodontal pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL)) and severity of periodontitis (mild, moderate, severe) were recorded among the two groups of NIDDM cases and the healthy controls. Results: An increase in the periodontal destruction (CAL) was apparent in type 2 diabetic patients compared to the non-diabetic controls. Drug dependent middle age group (both male-female) demonstrated more disease prevalence than the same age group of non-drug dependent NIDDMs. All the elderly patients under oral drug therapies had high prevalence of periodontal disease of variable severity. Non-diabetic controls presented with 13.3% and 33.3% disease prevalence in 40-55 yrs and 56-70 yrs age groups respectively. Conclusion: Periodontal disease is more prevalent in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and particularly patients on oral hypoglycemic agents had more periodontal tissue break down. It was also apparent from the findings of the study that periodontal destruction is more prevalent in ageing subjects suffering from NIDDM.

Orthodontic pain, the most cited negative effect arising as a result of orthodontic force application, is a major matter of distress for clinicians and patients/parents and directly influences their compliance during the treatment. The lengthy duration of treatment along with frequent pain due to the orthodontic appliances often leads to patient burn out and has been associated with discontinuation of orthodontic treatment. It is imperative for the clinicians to identify and manage the pain experienced by their patients. It becomes duty of an orthodontist to satisfy the questions arising in the mind of patients, parents and clinicians. Various modalities for the management of orthodontic pain have been proposed over the years. The purpose of this review article is to throw a light on the various possible causes of orthodontic pain and to discuss the various management options for the orthodontic pain.

Corticosteroids, since their introduction have become one of the most widely prescribed class of drugs. They belong to a class of chemicals that includes steroid hormones that are produced naturally in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates and analogous to those that are synthesized in laboratories. They have been used extensively in managing many oral lesions due to their excellent anti-inflammatory and immunemodulators effects. However, considering their potential and significant side effects, they are sometimes termed as the double edge sword in the field of medicine. Their successful use depends upon the comprehension of the disease process. This includes an appropriate diagnosis, a clear view of the desirable treatment outcome and understanding of whether the treatment is aimed at the management of a chronic disease or enhanced resolution of a short term condition. The possible side effects of systemic corticosteroids must be weighed against probable risks. This article is aimed at reviewing the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of various oral lesions, and deriving a certain protocol for the same.