Abstract— Abstract— The study of four-bar linkage is to trace a desired path is an important part of obtaining the optimal geometry of a four-bar linkage which is used in design. When the number of the precision points exceeds a certain number, it is not possible to apply or it is difficult to apply analytical methods. Alternatively some intelligence optimization methods can be used based on the complexity of the problem. Path synthesis of four-bar linkages with multiple numbers of precision points has been illustrated as an optimization problem. The objective to be minimized is sum square error of all the points reached by the coupler point. The important constraints included are, 1) Grashof’s condition to have a crank rocker linkage, 2) the transmission angle criterion and, 3) input link angle sequence. The variables included are the link lengths and angles. The first multivariate optimization technique we will examine is one of the simplest: gradient descent (also known as steepest descent). Gradient descent is an iterative method that is given an initial point, and follows the negative of the gradient in order to move the point toward a critical point, which is hopefully the desired local minimum. A computer programme based on this algorithm is implemented in MATLAB to obtain the optimum dimension of four-bar linkage.

Abstract— This paper presents an unsupervised texture image segmentation algorithm using clustering. Two criteria are proposed in order to construct a feature space of reduced dimensions for texture image segmentation, based on selected Gabor filter set. An unsupervised clustering algorithm is applied to the reduced feature space to obtain the number of clusters, i.e. the number of texture regions [1]. A simple Euclidean distance classification scheme is used to group the pixels into corresponding texture regions. Experiments on a mixture of mosaic of textures generated by random field model show the proposed algorithm of using the clustering gives satisfactory results in terms of the number of regions and region shapes. A mathematical programming based clustering approach that is applied to a digital platform of segmentation problem involving demographic and transactional attributes related to the images. It is the collection of sub images corresponding to different image regions and scales is obtained. From the experiments, it is found that the multistage sub image matching method is an efficient way to achieve effective texture retrieval for image segmentation.

Abstract— In mathematics, an Euler brick, named after Leonhard Euler, is a cuboid whose edges and face diagonals all have integer lengths. A primitive Euler brick is an Euler brick whose edge lengths are relatively prime.

Abstract— The Collatz conjecture is an elusive problem in mathematics regarding the oneness of natural numbers when run through a specific function based on being odd or even, specifically stating that regardless of the initial number the series will eventually reach the number 1.We will prove everything for odd integer. Because even integer upon division by 2 ( i.e. Collatz operation) we will eventually find a odd number, We can say for that number we are starting from there (without violating Collatz operation rule ).

Abstract— A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisors, and can be represented by the equation s(n) = 2n. Even perfect numbers have been discovered, and there is a search that continues for odd perfect number(s). A list of conditions for odd perfect numbers to exist has been compiled, and there has never been a proof against their existence.

Abstract— In this paper we will prove two problems : 1) Rational Distance problem 2) 4-D Euler Brick. 3) ABC Conjeture 4) Goldbach Conjecture First we will show no such point exist whose distances from every corner of a integer sided square are integers. Then we will prove non-existence of 4-D Euler Brick. Then we will prove ABC Conjecture is true. Then we will prove Goldbach Conjecture is true.

Abstract—Integration of DFIG with the multi-machine system causes small signal stability problem i.e., oscillation in the rotor angle and speed of the synchronous machines connected in the multi-machine system due to constant variation in the generation due to uncertain nature of wind. This paper presents a control scheme based on a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to enhance the small signal stability of multi-machine system with DFIG by introducing positive damping in the system. A STATCOM operating on a pure voltage control mode does not provide any system damping. However, the STATCOM can contribute to system damping if it is allowed to modulate the bus voltage instead of maintaining it strictly constant. With the introduction of voltage modulating control, the STATCOM transforms the power system into a positively damped system and the eigen values of the system now lies in the left half of the s plane, and any oscillation in the rotor angle and speed will decay with time. The effectiveness of the proposed system is tested in a IEEE -9 bus system using eigen value analysis. Simulation results shows that proposed STATCOM controller is very effective to stabilize the studied system under various disturbances.

Abstract— This paper proposes an interline power flow control method using photovoltaic (PV) plant for both transmission and distribution networks in order to regulate the feeder voltages. In the proposed approach the interline power flow between two or more feeders will be achieved by appropriately reconfiguring the PV plant. The reconfiguration is made in such a way that the PV plant acts as a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) device to regulate the point-of-common coupling (PCC) voltage on either feeder. The control system of I-PV plants mainly consists of active and reactive power droop controllers, voltage and current controllers and unbalance compensator. The negative sequence current is injected from the I-PV power plant to compensate for the unbalanced loads. In addition to voltage regulation, active and reactive power flow control and energy management in a multi-line system can be achieved using the proposed method. The simulation of the proposed model was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink and the effective performance was analyzed.

Abstract— Health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) is a generic term given to activities that utilize data collection and analysis techniques to help ensure availability, reliability and safety of vehicles. Activities similar to, or sometimes used interchangeably with, HUMS include condition-based maintenance (CBM) and operational data recording (ODR). In this paper, a Survey has been conducted on the present usage of H.U.M.S. in contemporary aircraft. The paper broadly explains the purpose, function, working principle, and the objectives of using HUMS in the Aircraft Industry.

Abstract— Steganography dates back to ancient Greece and had been in use for at least 2500 years by now. It has been widely used for military, diplomatic, personal and intellectual property applications. However, advanced techniques are often overlooked. Briefly stated, steganography is the art of hiding information within every day, innocuous objects and concealing the fact that communication is taking place.

Abstract— Economy of projects is the most important considerations along with other considerations like lifespan and safety of the project. The consideration of investment becomes more important in cases of developing and underdeveloped societies. Nearly 25 percent of the world population cannot afford to have their own homes due to a very low income. Also one third of the world urban population lives in slums. These irritating figures on world economy tempted me to do research on “Looking for an alternative and cost effective Building and Structural material that can help in providing homes to more than a Billion homeless of the world”. This research has been done with main thrust on reducing the cost factor in construction of buildings. The costs of raw materials for buildings these days are very high and it becomes near impossible for a common man to build his dream house. Use of bamboo in building construction working can reduce raw material costs to a huge extent. This research made a preliminary study of the relative economic condition of people and also of the feasibility of using bamboo for Building Construction. A comprehensive study on the subject resulted in the positive conclusion for introduction of this cheap, strong and aesthetically beautiful building material.

ABSTRACT - This paper highlights the progress in theory and experimentation of previous researches on the interaction of flow and sediment discharge to formation of point bars that lead to bifurcation. Numerous studies had made emphasis to the mechanics of point bar development that include chute cutoff and transverse bar conversion. These point bars formation are controlled by the threshold of width to depth ratio of the channel, depending on the shields stress and roughness. The complexity of flow and sediment distribution at bifurcation would depend on many factors namely the nose angle, cross-sectional areas and slopes of the downstream channels. In addition, the stability of the bifurcation depends on the shield stress and incoming flow of the river. In summary, the division of flow and sediment at bifurcation are affected by regional as well as local factors.

Abstract— Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are highly attractive for large range of hi-tech engineering applications because of their useful properties. However the methods used to produce these composites are constantly evolving particularly in getting rid of non-uniform distribution of the reinforcement. Stir casting is the most commonly used method for production of particulate reinforced cast metal matrix composites. A recently developed modification of stir casting has been used in the present investigation to produce aluminum-magnesium matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide. The tensile properties of the resulting composites are measured. The improvements in the tensile properties are appreciable. The matrix alloy was also prepared using the same plunger technique. Here the usual solid shaft stirrer is replaced by a hollow spindle stirring mechanism through the additions of particulate silicon carbide and magnesium turnings were introduced in small cylindrical capsules. In the present work the XRD was used to detect the presence of SiC. Tensile strength of the prepared composite materials are much higher than the matrix showing the effectiveness of the Modified stir casting technique.

Abstract—The overall goal of the research is the integration of geometric and mechanistic models for cutting process simulation and feedrate optimization. Five-axis milling methods are used in industries such as aerospace, automotive and mold for free-form surface machining. In these processes, surface quality and material removal rate are of very important. Conservative cutting parameters have been mostly used since there was a lack of physical models and optimization tools. Part and tool deflections under high cutting forces may result in unacceptable part quality. The extracted cutter workpiece engagements are used as input to a force prediction model. The model predictions for cutting forces and feedrate optimization are compared and verified by experimental results.

Abstract— E-learning as an organizational activity started in the developed countries, and as such, the adoption models and experiences in the developed countries are taken as a benchmark in the literature. This paper investigated the barriers that affect or prevent the adoption of e-learning in higher educational institutions in J&K as an example of a developing State, and compared them with those found in developed countries. Semi- structured interviews were used to collect the empirical data from academics and managers in higher educational institutions in J&K. This becomes unavoidable as in J&K like the overall country scenario, women folk are forced to take a back seat especially in the education scenario. The research findings showed that the main barriers in J&K were lack of management awareness and support, technological barriers, and language barriers. From those, two barriers were specific Recommendations for decision makers and suggestions for further research are also considered in this study.

Abstract— Phenolic compounds are found in wastewaters of various industries such as petroleum refining, coal conversion, plastics, textiles, iron and steel manufacturing as well as pulp and paper manufacturing. It is very important to remove phenols and aromatic compounds from contaminated water before discharge into any natural water because of their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Conventional processes for removal of phenols from industrial wastewaters including extraction, adsorption on activated carbon, bacterial and chemical oxidation, electrochemical techniques, irradiation, etc. suffer from serious shortcomings such as high costs, incompleteness of purification, formation of hazardous by-products, low efficiency and applicability to a limited concentration range (these methods are not suitable for treating moderate to high concentrations of phenols). In this project, we have used mango peel as an adsorbent to treat the synthetically prepared phenol solution. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is measured by finding out the concentration of phenol in the treated solution by the use of ultraviolet spectroscopy. The mango peel adsorbent was activated using three different activating agents and the following parameters of adsorption have been studied: effect of contact time, effect of pH, effect of temperature, and effect of adsorbent dosage.

Abstract— In this paper we will show solution of ten problems in number theory. Problem 1 : Balanced Primes are infinite. Problem 2 : Euclid primes are infinite. Problem 3 : Quasiperfect number doesn’t exist. Problem 4 : Prime triplets are infinite. Problem 5 : Odd Superperfect number doesn’t exist. PROBLEM 6 : PROOF OF POLIGNAC'S CONJECTURE. PROBLEM 7 : THERE ARE INFINITELY MANY PRIME OF THE FORM N²+1. PROBLEM 8 : LONELY RUNNER CONJECTURE PROOF WHEN VELOCITIES ARE IN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION. PROBLEM 9 : WE WILL FIND THE VALUE OF IMAGINARY PART OF NON-TRIVIAL ZEROS OF RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION. PROBLEM 10 : WE WILL PROVE LANDER, PARKIN AND SELFRIDGE CONJECTURE.

Abstract— The growing content of multimedia on the world wide web thrive the need to study online image compression. There are many online image compression tools are available but the knowledge of the best tool still is an undiscovered area. This research is about analyzing as to which is the best online image compression tool available for coloured images and to develop a framework using neural network so that large number of images and large number of online image compression tools can be evaluated for their performance. To evaluate the performance of these tools Objective measurement technique is applied by calculating some image quality parameters namely Peak Signal Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error, Normalized Correlation, Maximum Difference. The results of these image quality parameters are rated on Likert scale from 1 to 5 and the average Likert scale points are processed to be fed to Back Propagation Neural Network Model to classify and evaluate the performance of these online image compression tools.

Abstract— As we use Wi-Fi in our daily life, we have seen that speed is a major concern. This drawback of lower speed can be overcome with the advent of the new technology known as LI-FI whose speed is normally 1Gbps which can be extended to 10Gbps.Li-Fi is data transmission through LED bulbs.LI-FI refers to a type of VLC technology that delivers a networked, mobile, high speed communication solution in a similar manner like WI-FI. Optical wireless enjoys certain advantages over radio waves like economical cost, high speed, secure which is the reason for it being a popular area of research.

Abstract— A simple system dynamics model of a traditional supply chain system is investigated. Particularly, the effect of lead time, information quality and information sharing also remanufacturing lead-time and the return rate on the inventory variance and the generation of bullwhip effect were studied. Our results clearly showed that the bullwhip in the closed loop supply chain is bigger than one in traditional supply chain and foreign to the collection rate and the inventory variance in every stage decrease when the quality of information and the information sharing is introduced into the traditional supply chain. Furthermore, we found that the bullwhip effect in the closed loop supply chain will increase when the short term lead time of remanufacture cycle time increase.

Abstract— Abstract— The study of four-bar linkage is to trace a desired path is an important part of obtaining the optimal geometry of a four-bar linkage which is used in design. When the number of the precision points exceeds a certain number, it is not possible to apply or it is difficult to apply analytical methods. Alternatively some intelligence optimization methods can be used based on the complexity of the problem. Path synthesis of four-bar linkages with multiple numbers of precision points has been illustrated as an optimization problem. The objective to be minimized is sum square error of all the points reached by the coupler point. The important constraints included are, 1) Grashof’s condition to have a crank rocker linkage, 2) the transmission angle criterion and, 3) input link angle sequence. The variables included are the link lengths and angles. The first multivariate optimization technique we will examine is one of the simplest: gradient descent (also known as steepest descent). Gradient descent is an iterative method that is given an initial point, and follows the negative of the gradient in order to move the point toward a critical point, which is hopefully the desired local minimum. A computer programme based on this algorithm is implemented in MATLAB to obtain the optimum dimension of four-bar linkage.