Any study involving a sample from population of interest may fail to detect the real significant difference in outcome between the groups being studied. The main reason for its failure may include a poorly designed study or a study that lacked power. This article will briefly summarize the concept of “power of study” which is necessary to validate clinical research work, wherein differences in outcome rates between the groups under a study are not very large.

Editorial

Avulsed and lost anterior teeth are common in young people. Using autotransplantation, it is possible to move problems in dental arches to regions where they are easier to solve orthodontically. Transplantation of premolars with three-quarter root formation or full root formation with wide open apical foramina provides the best prognosis for long-term survival. This article describes the use of autotransplantation and orthodontic treatment, together with cryopreservation, in connection with complicated trauma in the anterior region of an 8-year-old female child.

Orthodontic treatment success is jeopardized by the risk of development of white spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic brackets. Unfortunately, the formation of WSLs still remains a common complication during treatment in patients with poor oral hygiene. Nearly 75% of orthodontic patients are reported to develop enamel decalcification because of prolonged plaque retention around brackets. It is the orthodontist’s responsibility to minimize the risk of patients having enamel decalcifications as a consequence of orthodontic treatment. This can be achieved by using hybrid, fluoride-releasing, glass ionomer cement to bond brackets, with deproteinization of the enamel surface before phosphoric acid etching.

Since Class III malocclusion is progressive in nature, the facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age. Class III malocclusion is associated with a deviation in the sagittal relationship of the maxilla and the mandible, characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. The early orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusions, at the end of primary dentition or the beginning of mixed dentition, prior to growth spurt, allows the accomplishment of successful results, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development, and in many instances, preventing a future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra- and extra-oral appliances. The major problem with extraoral anchorage has been of patient compliance due to its physical appearance. The case report presents an intraoral modified tandem appliance for maxillary protraction that has been used clinically to achieve successful results without relying much on patient co-operation.

Despite increasing demand for lingual orthodontics, the technique is not very popular among the orthodontists in general. Lingual orthodontics differs from the conventional labial technique in all aspects. Lack of comprehensive training in this field is a major obstacle in popularizing this science of invisible orthodontics. At present, short-term courses and part-time degree programs are the means to learn this technique and the demand for more comprehensive lingual orthodontic education is on a rise among orthodontists. Lingual orthodontics as a super specialty discipline with full-time residency program can be a step forward. This will groom orthodontists to acquire the finest skills to finish lingual cases but also help to the science to grow with dedicated research work.

Objectives This study aims to define some oro-facial indexes and measurement of Vietnamese people aged 18-25 on cephalometric films using Steiner analysis to establish specific data resources in order to apply in treatment, esthetics, forensic recognition, anthropometrics and labour safety products. Methods Comparative study. Results To compare with Caucasian people regarding to skeletal-dental relationship, Vietnamese are likely to have more protrusive maxilla and mandibles. This indicates difference in oro- facial structure between Vietnamese and Caucasian people. Conclusion Standards of one racial group could not be used without modification for other racial groups, and each different racial group would have to be treated according to its individual characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between postural body stability (static and dynamic) and malocclusions of varying severity and to find whether different skeletal patterns showed variation in postural body stability. Materials And Methods Seventy-five subjects were divided into three groups based on case complexity using ABO discrepancy index. Group A consisted of 25 subjects restricted to Class I skeletal base and an ABO score =10; Group B consisted of 25 subjects with either Class II or III skeletal base and an ABO score of 11–25; Group C consisted of 25 subjects with either Class II or III skeletal base and an ABO score >25. Postural body stability in both static and dynamic equilibrium was recorded using a computerized dynamic posturography. The average values were obtained for the scores obtained in each group and the data obtained wes subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. A P = 0.05 was considered significant. Results In both static and dynamic conditions, postural body stability was inversely proportional to the severity of malocclusion. The assessment of the overall body score showed that subjects in Group A and Group B had acceptable postural stability and only subjects with Group C showed statistically significant lack of postural stability. Conclusions Our study showed that patients with malocclusion showed decreased stability and increased sway with increasing severity of malocclusion.

Background The posttreatment and retention outcomes following nonextraction orthodontic therapy, with and without corticotomy, were assessed using the American Board of Orthodontists objective grading system (OGS). Purpose The purpose was to determine if the course of retention was any different following alveolar decortication and augmentation bone grafting, i.e., periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Materials And Methods Study casts and panoramic radiographs of patients with and without PAOO (28 subjects each) were selected on the basis of the following: (1) comprehensive nonextraction orthodontic treatment using straight wire edgewise appliances for Class I crowding, (2) availability of immediate posttreatment records and retention records at least 1 year post de-bracketing, and (3) use of Hawley removable retainers with similar wearing instructions. Results Independent and paired t-test statistical testing revealed the following: (1) Posttreatment orthodontic outcomes were the same, with or without corticotomy. (2) During retention, 5 of 8 ABO grading criteria improved for the sample without corticotomy, and 6 of 8 ABO grading criteria improved for the group with corticotomy. (3) Retention outcome scores were lower (better) for alignment and marginal ridges in the corticotomy-facilitated group. (4) The total score was significantly lower (better) for the corticotomy group at retention and the increment of total score change decreased (improved) significantly more during retention following corticotomy. Conclusions The retention phase was more favorable following corticotomy because the amount of OGS total score change demonstrated a significantly improved retention outcome following PAOO therapy.

The management of a vertical skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism revolves around the protocol of bi-jaw surgery (maxillary LeFort I impaction and mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with setback). The maxillary surgery not only provides increased stability to the ultimate surgical outcome but also increases the amount by which the mandibular set back can be done, therefore aiding in greater profile improvement. With the need of maxillary surgery almost inevitable in treating such situations, the complexity and the increased discomfort associated with such surgery can never be ignored. Is it at all possible to convert a bi-jaw surgery into a single-jaw surgery with the aid of microimplants? With increasing number of patients being treated with microimplants for anterior openbite and gummy smiles, our idea was to incorporate this novel protocol in treating Class III vertical situations and therefore avoid the need of a maxillary surgery in treating such a situation, together with achieving optimum treatment outcome.