Abstract :The health and safety of every employee in an organization is important if the organization is to continuously operate to meet its stated goals and objectives. In Nigeria, industrialization and mechanization are increasing while occupational health problems are becoming prominent. These health problems are caused by exposure to harmful chemicals, biological agents, physical, mechanical and ergonomic hazards. Health problems resulting from such hazards may appear to occur less frequently than other major disabling diseases, due to lack of knowledge and pattern of illness of such hazardous diseases. This paper provided evidence through the content analysis of literature reviewed that, the illness from such hazards affect a considerable number of workers in Nigeria. It also examined the nature of compensation given to injured, sick or diseased workers in the cause of performing their duties in Nigeria. The paper concluded that, a healthy worker is a productive worker. It recommended that health educational programmes should be carried out in various industries to create awareness about peculiar hazard. In such industries, safety measures should be provided for workers against health hazard, while injured, sick or diseased workers due to occupational hazards should be duly compensated.