Many studies have shown that accounting systems have their own specificity in each country. Thereby the research focused mainly on the influence of environmental factors, cultural ones not being often into consideration. In this paper we aim to highlight the relationship between cultural characteristics and accounting systems relying on research and studies to date. Reviewing international accounting literature, we can say that there is no comprehensive theory to explain differences in the pattern of reporting and accounting practices in each country.

The present paper investigates the impact of gold price and exchange rates on sensex in India for the period from January 2, 1991 to October 31, 2013 using daily data with the application of unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test have been designed. In other words, this paper investigates the affiliation between three financial variables of gold price, exchange rates and sensex between 1991 and 2013. In recent times, Indian investors are demonstrating uncase in the stock markets due to continuous rising of gold prices on account of no fear and no future loss. Again, exchange rate fluctuations will affect international trades, thus influence the stock market. Johansen cointegration test result indicates that there exists a long-term relationship among the selected variables. Granger causality test result shows that there must be either bidirectional or no causality among the variables.

In a globalized world, SMEs need to be able to face increasing competition in developed economies and developing countries, there is a direct link between internationalization and growth performance of SMEs. Growth consolidation of international activities has increased the competitiveness and support the long term sustainability of the entities. However, SMEs still depend on their domestic markets, despite the extensive opportunities offered by the single market and globalization. According to the IASB in 2009 was issued the standard simplified IFRS for SMEs by providing information on the financial position, performance and cash flows of the entity, the necessary decision-making. This standard provides an alternative set of IFRS an entity in small or medium can adopt it and apply it to be understood internationally. As we know, in Romania, the applicability of the IFRS for SMEs is null, being used the Minister of Finance Order no.3055/2009 in accordance with European directives. Therefore CECCAR supports them by providing the most reliable information about this standard, as this sector depends on the quality of accountants. This article was followed, in a complex framework, the essential information on applying IFRS for SMEs in financial reporting.

Establishing and implementing a business organization`s mission in relation to the consumer`s requirements involves, from a managerial point of view, an analysis of the contexts, demands and conditionings already available on the economic market, but also within a corroborated social dimension. We are considering, in this regard, aspects that are evident in terms of scientific analysis, aspects that can be found within a business organization and which can be explained by comparing the concept of mission statement with the strategies undertaken by the decision makers (managers), as well as with consumer` set of demands. Through such an approach we want to emphasize the way in which the mission of the business organization is embedded - as a principle of responsibility oriented towards the consumers – within the consumer`s requirements on the economic market. Therefore, an analysis of the way in which the mission of a business organization is stated implies, in our opinion, certain pragmatic and epistemological explanations designed to justify the idea of a rational model regarding the assumption of management strategies and decision making process within the business organization. In these circumstances, the present analysis aims, from a methodological standpoint, to a delineation of issues related to the main economic and social aspects retrieved on managerial level. Also, through this study, we want to exhibit the perception of economic events/activities and their realistic interpretations within the specialized literature contents and practice, interpretations that combined with the definition and the statement of every business mission, illustrate the manner in which performance is further materialized within economic organizations. Consequently, the scientific explication and the daily economical examples transpose, on a pragmatic level, the actual typology of the organizational mission, on which we can aver that it could be understood and clarified, on the one hand, by reporting to the management strategies, undertaken in the professional practice itself to the consumers` demands/ requests and, on the other hand, by comparing the same strategies with the responsibilities of every social-economic actor.

Manager with strong personality, personal capacity for action, with their knowledge, competence and experience is manager of solutions for efficient management of current assets. In assessing strategies entity, innovational strategies and management decisions have an important role on current items (assets), because it requires analyzing variables such as the number of investments and innovations, customer relations, cash flow evolution, evolution inventory, configuration productive, quality, cost and structure of production, etc.. In the SME spectrum is very broad managerial decision making, it is difficult to manage, has many deficiencies and can always be improved.

Monetary estimating the social and environmental costs and benefits of energy is a key to the development of truly green projects that would allow first of all presentation of economic, social and environmental benefits and costs to the stakeholders so that they would form a scientific opinion about what really happens in green economy. Through this study we tried to present and monetary estimate a series of social and environmental costs and benefits of wind energy given the challenges which mankind is facing on a global scale and even locally. The results of this article are in fact the conclusion that these estimates are subjective and could not be regarded as reliable. Also was revealed that the use of wind resources for power production compared to lignite could be better if we take into account the social and environmental dimension.