Objective: Preventing chronic diseases is important for public health.

Objective: Obesity is related to emotional pressures and psychological disorders. Psychiatric disorders, acute psychological stress, psychological problems, and emotional factors induce obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between scale and subscale of emotional intelligence (EI) and obesity among university students in Golestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. The sample size contained 358 university students. The research instrument was Bar-On and Parker Emotional Intelligence (EI) Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Moreover, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analyses were also done. Results: There is a direct and inverse relationship between students’ total EI (-0.415) and its subscales including intrapersonal skills (-0.393), interpersonal skills (-0.313), adaptability (-0.359), stress management (-0.383), and general mood (-0.372) with overweight. Conclusion: The results of this research may not only open a new window to assist in achieving successful nutritional diet programs, providing people but it also can pave the way for further research conducted by experts in nutrition, medicine, and psychology. The findings of this study will enhance social public awareness on the side- effects of obesity equipping the public with some counseling to lose weight through using EI for people, especially students suffering from obesity.

Objective: Apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic training on Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in pancreatic tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Objective: Obesity is related to emotional pressures and psychological disorders. Psychiatric disorders, acute psychological stress, psychological problems, and emotional factors induce obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between scale and subscale of emotional intelligence (EI) and obesity among university students in Golestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. The sample size contained 358 university students. The research instrument was Bar-On and Parker Emotional Intelligence (EI) Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Moreover, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analyses were also done. Results: There is a direct and inverse relationship between students’ total EI (-0.415) and its subscales including intrapersonal skills (-0.393), interpersonal skills (-0.313), adaptability (-0.359), stress management (-0.383), and general mood (-0.372) with overweight. Conclusion: The results of this research may not only open a new window to assist in achieving successful nutritional diet programs, providing people but it also can pave the way for further research conducted by experts in nutrition, medicine, and psychology. The findings of this study will enhance social public awareness on the side- effects of obesity equipping the public with some counseling to lose weight through using EI for people, especially students suffering from obesity.

Objective: This study analyses the

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a relatively common complication of diabetes mellitus and constitutes a major cause of mortality. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of risk factors for foot ulceration among patients with diabetes in a tertiary health facility in South Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was initiated with participation of 100 diabetic patients. Diabetic patients were attending the medical outpatient clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A structured and validated questionnaire was administered and data was analyzed using SPSS 22. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of risk factors for foot ulceration was evaluated by chi-square test. Results: Most of respondents were female (66%). The mean age of the patients was 58.77 (±11.8) years and 51% of patients did not know that it is possible to develop foot ulcer without feeling pain and 30% did not know that features suggestive of neuropathy could be associated with development of foot ulcer. 75% did not know that surgical vascular repair could play any role in the healing of a diabetic foot ulcer. 11% of patients were walking barefooted at home and as much as 63% of respondents did not know that poor long-term glycemic control could be a risk factor for the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Conclusion: The knowledge of the patients attending the diabetes clinic of a tertiary hospital in south-western Nigeria on foot care is generally poor. Education in this direction is very paramount to correct this defect.

Objective: The aim of this study was registration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Yazd (the first phase of registration). Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on the first phase registration of T1DM in Yazd, Iran. Participants in this study included all patients diagnosed with T1DM by an endocrinologist. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 statistical software. Non-parametric tests were used in this study. Median ± Range was used to describe the data. Stata 13 software was used to calculate the confidence interval for the prevalence. Results: Yazd T1DM registry (YT1DMR) was conducted from June 2018 to August 2020. All new and old cases of T1DM were registered. YT1DMR was able to identify 158 T1DM and it registered the data of 128 patients. The age of the participants was between 2.5 - 57 years old. Median ± Range of age in these participants was calculated 17 ± 54.5. In terms of gender, (57.81%, CI= 48.76-66.48) of these patients were male. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in these patients was 17.32 (CI= 11.18-25.04) and 6.29% (CI= 2.75-12.03), respectively. Conclusion: In the future, all patients with T1DM in Yazd province are expected to enroll in the YT1DMR and be followed up.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with many psychological complications, which require psychological interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation, perseverative thinking, and glycemic index in patients with T2DM Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on T2DM patients visiting Yazd diabetes center in 2019, 30 men and women were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of MBCT and the control group received no interventions. In the pretest and posttest phase, data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and fasting blood sugar test. Data were analyzed in statistical package (SPSS 21) using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Results showed a significant difference in mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation (F= 9.866 & P-value= 0.0001), perseverative thinking (F= 13.745 & P-value= 0.0001), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (F= 3.679 & P-value= 0.034) in the experimental group before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Based on findings of the study MBCT by specialists in public and private centers can help improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perseverative thinking, and ultimately blood sugar control in patients with T2DM.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate eight weeks of aerobic workout on PI3K and AKT expression as well as insulin resistance (IR) of muscle in diabetic rats by nicotinamide - streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was conducted on 14 male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks) with a weight range of 201 to 250 g and induction of type 2 diabetes (one week). These mice were classified into 2 groups: aerobic training and control group. No exercise was given to the control group during the study, while the aerobic exercise program was run for 5 weeks a week with a gradual increase of speed (10 to 25 m / min) and time (15 to 40 minutes) in running treadmill was performed for the aerobic training group. Assay of gene expression in both study groups was by rt-PCR. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19 software was used. The variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA. Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IR in diabetic rats (3.85 (± 0.39) vs. 5.26 (± 0.55); P-value= 0.345). The expression of AKT (2.37 (± 2.33) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.042) and PI3K (2.87 (± 2.54) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.028) in the neural muscle of the training group compared with control group had a significant increase. Conclusion: It seems that performing eight weeks of aerobic exercise could be a strong stimulus for PI3K and AKT gene expression.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most frequent type of metabolic disorder. Here, we evaluated the effect of continuous and interval training on glycogen storage of gastrocnemius muscle and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental. 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups. The interval training included 10 sets of one-minute activity with 50% intensity and continuing training included 8 weeks running at the speed of 15 to 28 m/min. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-a and glycogen storage of gastrocnemius muscle were measured using specific ELISA Kits. SPSS 23 software was used. Results: The level of fast blood glucose and TNF-a in diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups were significantly lower than the control-diabetic group (P-value< 0.0001). In return, the level of Insulin, IL-6, and glycogen storage in diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups were significantly higher than the control-diabetic group (P-value< 0.0001). There was a significant difference in value of glycogen storage between diabetic+continuous training and diabetic+interval training groups (P-value< 0.0001). Conclusion: Continuous and interval exercises significantly decreased the levels of these inflammatory mediators in the diabetic rats which were subsequently associated with a significant decrease of blood glucose, insulin tolerance, and improvement of glycogen contents. Both interval and continuous exercises made significant changes, but interval exercises had better effects than continuous exercises.