Objective: Obesity is a major public health concern and there are different ways to detect it in population. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the neck circumference (NC) in a simple and practical way.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on depression and emotion regulation strategies of pediatric type I diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental approach that included pre-and post-test assessments to compare the experimental and control groups. The University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, provided services to a total of 30 patients. Patients were chosen using purposive sampling and were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15) Pediatric types I diabetes. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to collecting data. The experimental group got eight training sessions on depression and emotional regulation (once a week for two months), whereas the control group got no instruction. The data was analyzed using an analysis of covariance by SPSS.23. Results: The mean (±SD) of age in the experimental group and control groups were determined to be 14.60 (±0.88) and 14.46 (±073) years, respectively. According to the results, emotion regulation training had a significant effect in decreasing depression and increasing the adaptive emotional regulation strategies in students (P> 0.001). Conclusion: Emotion regulation training might be a useful strategy for improving emotion regulation difficulties in patients with type I diabetes, according to the findings of this investigation, although the efficacy of emotion regulation training was not approved in this investigation due to a lack of intervention factors.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of traditional resistance training and total body resistance exercise (TRX) on the immune system of obese sedentary women. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.39± 4.65 (kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups of TRX training (N= 9), traditional resistance training (N= 9) and control (N= 10). The experimental groups performed exercise training in three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken from all subjects 48 hours before and after the last training session and were used for neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using dependent T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software, the significance level was P< 0.05. Results: The results of the study did not show significant differences within and between groups in the variables of the immune system (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils) (P< 0.05). Also, the results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in basophil count only between the three groups (P= 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, no significant difference in immune system indices was observed between the groups. Therefore, performing traditional resistance exercises and moderate-intensity TRX has no significant effect on the immune system of sedentary obese women.

Objective: Forkhead box proteins and Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) in particular, mediate insulin signaling pathways and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to compare FOXO1 expression in subcutaneous adipose (SA) tissue between obese rats with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its response to resistance training in T2D. Materials and Methods: 21 male wistar rats (220±20 g) were obese by 6 weeks high fat diet (HFD) and randomly assigned to either non-diabetes (n=7) or two T2D groups (control and exercise groups, n=7 in each case). Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and FOXO1 expression were compared between non-diabetes and diabetes groups. All variables were also assigned after resistance training in the form of climbing a ladder (6 weeks/5 times weekly) in exercise compare with control groups. Data were compared by ANOVA, independent and paired t-test methods (P<0.05). Results: Induction of diabetes resulted in significant increase in insulin resistance, glucose, and FOXO expression in SA tissue and a decrease in insulin compared to obese health rats (P< 0.0001). A significant decrease in fasting insulin (P< 0.0001), insulin resistance (P< 0.0001) and FOXO1 expression in SA tissue (P< 0.0001) and increase in insulin (P: 0.002) were observed by resistance training compared to control diabetes rats. Conclusion: Based on our results, improving insulin resistance and glucose in response to resistance training in obese diabetic rats may be rooted in decreased insulin expression following these exercises.

Objective: Yoga has also been implemented in healthcare institutions to manage disease-sequelae, including pain, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Yoga-based mindfulness training on anxiety and depression in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) at clinics of the Shiraz University of Medical Science. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted via a quasi-experimental method pretest-posttest design on 10-17 years old subjects with T1D, Shiraz, Iran, in 2019-2020. Twenty patients were randomized to the education group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). Data collection tools included the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). The group training intervention was done for the experimental group (ten weeks, 45 minutes every week) without training for the control group. Three months after the training, two groups filled questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS- 22 software. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in the mean anxiety level of patients in the intervention group before and after intervention (P< 0.05). Furthermore, following group training, there was a significant change in the mean of depression and stress among the patients in the intervention group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Yoga-based mindfulness training was found to improve depression and anxiety in T1DM adolescents. As a consequence, including training sessions in the appropriate care plans would be advantageous.

Objective: Determination of HbA1c level is a precious indicator for therapeutic follow-up of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Our study aimed to evaluate the analytical characteristics of Capillarys 3 Octa® HbA1c measurement by capillary electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: Our study involved 265 venous whole blood specimens repeatability, intermediate fidelity, accuracy, linearity, and correlation with the Arkray HA-8180 analyzer which uses HPLC as a dosing method. We studied interferences such as hematocrit, triglycerides, total bilirubin, labile fraction, and hemoglobin abnormalities. Results: The linearity correlation was between 4.4% and 20.3%. There was a strong correlation with HPLC (r > 0.99, P< 0.0001). No interference from hematocrit (20-93%) (P: 0.888), triglycerides (until 25 mmol/L) (P: 0.388), total bilirubin (< 587 µmol/L) (P: 0.993), and labile fraction was observed. No problem related to inter-sample contamination was observed. The sensitivity was zero for homozygous sickle cell disease and S/C composite hemoglobinosis. However, sensitivity was high for heterozygous forms (69% for A/S and 60% for A/C). The analyzer was able to separate and quantify HbA2 fraction, allowing ß-thalassemia accidental detection. Conclusion: Capillarys 3 Octa® based on capillary electrophoresis proved to be precise and a linear instrument for HbA1c measurement. Several clinical interferences and Hb variants had no effect on the results. The results of this evaluation suggest that this analyzer is suitable for routine use in clinical chemistry laboratories.

Objective: Hepatic glucose release plays a potential role in hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on fasting levels of glucose and insulin as well as glucokinase (GCK) expression in liver tissue in obese T2D rats. Materials and Methods: T2D was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection in 14 male wistar rats, then were randomly divided into HIIT (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. The HIIT group practiced 6-week HIIT (5 days/ weekly). Finally, 48 hours after the last session, fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and GCK expression in liver hepatocytes of both groups were measured and compared by independent T-test (SPSS, Version 22.0). Results: HIIT resulted in a significant decrease of fasting glucose compared to the control group (P< 0.0001). Compared with the control group, serum insulin (P: 0.018) and GCK expression in hepatocytes (P: 0.030) were significantly increased. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the improvement in glucose in response to HIIT may be rooted in increased insulin and GCK expression in hepatocytes. However, understanding the mechanisms responsible for the effect of exercise training on the processes affecting hepatic glucose release requires further studies.

Objective: The use of medicinal plants in diabetic patients is rising, it is essential to increase knowledge about the effects of medicinal plants and subsequently perform evidence-based action, so, review studies are a helpful way for the present purpose. Current study was conducted to investigate the clinical trials of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Iran. Materials and Methods: Articles published online between 2010 - 2020 were googled in Magiran, SID, Scopus, and, Iran Medex with Persian keywords such as “type 2 diabetes”, “medicinal herbs”, “healing herbs” “herbs”, “medicinal plants” and “clinical trial”. The inclusion criteria for articles were conducting in the form of a clinical trial, conducting in Iran, publishing in Persian language and having at least a score of 3 based on the Jadad scale. Results: 20 clinical trial studies were extracted. Five studies were conducted on cinnamon and two studies on cumin and the rest of the plants were examined just in one study. Although some trials showed positive effects of the medicinal plants on reducing fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), some others demonstrated that medicinal plants had no effect on important variables in diabetes control. Conclusion: Conclusions about the benefits of plants should be made with caution, safety and efficacy of plants in the treatment of diabetes should be investigated further. It is essential that patients take any herbal supplements under physician’s supervision and after receiving the necessary advice.