The administration of anesthesia in dentistry is necessary to prevent pain in specific area of the oral cavity which is accomplished by blocking the branches of the trigeminal nerve. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block is most commonly used for the surgical procedures, extraction or root canal treatment of the maxillary molars (with possible exception of mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar) and buccal soft tissues. The injection of local anesthesia is usually safe but a rare complication of extraoral hematoma formation in the mandibular lower buccal region might occur due to the insertion of the needle to far posteriorly into the pterygoid plexus of veins, maxillary artery – posterior superior alveolar artery and the facial artery which is esthetically unpleasant to the patient and quite embarrassing for the dentist.This case report describe the complication of posterior superior alveolar nerve block and its management.

Immediate implants have gained a wide popularity in the recent times as patients benefit from reduced time interval between the implant placement and delivery of the final restoration.Careful treatment planning and execution of the procedure can prevent the need to undergo second stage surgery for prosthesis and thus improves the patients’ compliance. An immediate placement and loading protocol has been followed in this case report.

The approach in treating patients has shifted to a more personalized approach not only in the medical ecosystem, but becoming more evident in dental medicine. The name of the game in dentistry is “prevention”, and most patients that visit the dental office, generally have issues related to their dentition, whether it be caries, a root canal, missing teeth and restorations (which can all be prevented), but a portion, presents with oral diseases that range from periodontal issues to more severe problems, such as oral cancer (also preventable, if detected early). However, the mouth also presents with oral manifestations of a larger systemic problem, including the likes of diabetes, heart and lung complications. The dentist is the second most visited health professional other than your primary care physician, which indicates our role as a healthcare professional should be more engaging to the well-being of an individual as it is related to the person’s overall health. Of course, there are obvious limitations in what a dentist can perform on a patient is versus a medical doctor; but a common procedure when visiting our primary care provider is drawing of blood and at times urine, collected for measuring a variety of analytes to indicate whether we are healthy or something requiring further workup. On the other hand, we as dentists do not routinely collect saliva for any purpose, a sample that is non-invasive and easy to collect.

Georges was born in Paris on May 31, 1881. Coming from a modest family and losing his father at an early age, he became the mechanic apprentice of a Parisian dentist called Georges Viau. As soon as he finished his apprenticeship, he went abroad to study dentistry in England with a dentist who soon became his private tutor. During his stay, he acquired a good knowledge of English. In 1902, when he returned to Paris, he attended the Dental School in Paris. In 1902, he became an assistant in the class of orthodontics of the Dental School of Paris and then a demonstrator in 1904. In 1903, he was qualified dental surgeon from the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. In 1905, Charles Godon, founder and head of the Dental School of Paris since 1880, had a premonition about the excellence of the young man and encouraged him to undertake a trip in the United States to study in that school. Upon his arrival, he enlisted at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree in 1906 [22].

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of single versus two layers of three different 7th generation adhesives. Materials and Methods: One third of the human molar teeth from the coronal portion was removed and smear layer was created on these surfaces by using Silicone carbide paper. Adper Easy Bond (AEB), ClearfilS3 bond Single Dose (CS3) and Optibond Unidose (OB) were applied to flat dentin according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Six groups; Group1: single application of AEB, Group2: twice application of AEB Group3: single application of CS3, Group4: twice application of CS3 Bond Group5: single application of OB, Group6: twice application of OB, were obtained. After applying adhesive, resin composite crowns were build up in 1mm increments up to 5 mm. After storage in distillated water for 24 hour (h), the specimens were sectioned to sticks and 15 sticks were obtained for each group. The sticks were stressed in tension until failure to see the microtensile bond strength values using a microtensile testing machine and the data were recorded. After recording data in SPSS 15.0, statistical analyses were made with ANOVA, Independent Sample T test and Tukey’s post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: Significant differences were not found among the G1, G3, G5 (p>0.05). G6 exhibited significantly higher µTBS compared to the G2 and G4 (p<0.001). No significant differences were found among the groups regarding the failure types between cohesive or adhesive (p>0.05). Lower µTBS values were observed in two layer application when compared to the one layer application of AEB and CS3. G6 resulted in significantly higher µTBS values compared to G5 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current investigation showed that two layer applications would be beneficial depending on the composition of adhesive and dentin substrate.