Oral health has long been considered to be a separate specialty that is distinct from whole body health. However, poor oral health can promote systemic disease, and is found concomitantly with numerous systemic disease processes. Thus, individuals with poor oral health may have a predisposition to other disease processes. A healthy mouth contains hundreds of billions of bacteria, and this number increases more than ten times if the mouth is not adequately cleaned. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral condition currently affecting more than 75 percent of the U.S. adult population.

The Surgeon General’s report on oral health highlights the relationship between oral and overall health, emphasizing that oral health involves more than dentition [1]. Mouth acts as a window to lot of systemic diseases and serves as a port of entry of the various infections that can alter and affect the immune status of the person. The oral cavity has the potential to harbour at least 600 different bacterial species, and in any given patient, more than 150 species may be present, surfaces of tooth can have as many as billion bacteria in its attached bacterial plaque and oral care may not only reduce the microbial load of the mouth but the risk for pain and oral infections as well [2]. Bacterial deposition starts immediately within few hours on cleaned tooth surface and with eventual period of time layering and inter-locking of microbiological colonies lead to development of dental plaque. The process of plaque formation at microscopic level represents a highly ordered and predictable ecological succession and can be divided into three phases as illustrated in Figure 1.

Premolars are recognized for their aberrant root canal anatomy. The unique feature of dilacerations and multiple root canals pose utmost challenge in the endodontic management. A clinician is required to have an insight of the morphology of tooth related to its shape, form and structure prior to commencing root canal treatment. This article describes the endodontic management of two cases of aberrant root canal anatomy in premolars.

Here we are, at the beginning of another year, at the beginning of another volume, but also at the beginning of the third year of the continuous publication of the Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions. Since 2014 until today, a total of 4 issues and 19 articles were published, by colleagues from different countries. It is not so much, but we must build tradition of stability and regularity in publishing. Until know, the journal has eighty members of the editorial board from all over the world. Keeping a scientific journal alive today is a difficult task because they are not popular as professional journals, they do not gain profit, but they help us scientists obtain aims that we have decided to pursue.

The aim of this study was to determine the action of desensitizing materials on bovine dentin. Four extracted healthy bovine molars were selected out of which 5 blocks from cervical region of each tooth were obtained, resulting in a 5x5mm final area. To compose the negative control group (group B), the samples were separated and not submitted to any treatment. For the positive control (Group A) the blocks were treated with 37% phosphoric acid. For allow to use the same dentin samples for all groups ( 2 controls and 3 test group), the experiment group contained twelve dentin surface blocks divided in 5 groups (n=4 in each group), as manufacturers’ recommendations, there were used: Dessensibilize KF 2% - 5% Potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride (C); Fluoride Gel - 2% sodium fluoride (D), Colgate Sensitive Pró-Alívio® Arginine 8% (E) and Calcium carbonate-based toothpaste (F). The samples were analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and used the ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<005). The number and diameters of dentinal tubules were compared across the various groups. The samples from group E had a higher quantity of deposits on the peritubular and intertubular dentin with most closed tubules. Although, the groups A and B presented more opened dentinal tubules. However, only A has deposited a substratum from the reaction with desensitizing materials on the peritubular and intertubular dentin indicating same closed tubules. The analysis of the diameters of the tubules showed significant differences in groups B and C when compared to the other groups.