By using Morelli-Callaway model and some structure dependent parameters, theoretical calculations of LTC for wurtzite Bulk CdSe, zinc blende CdSe nanowire and nanolayer are performed. The theoretical and experimental correlation for CdSe NWs with diameter 41, 52 and 88nm and nanolayer with thickness of 4.3nm are investigated. While, the direction of growth of ZB CdSe is <110>, one equation for longitudinal and two different equation for transverse mode are used for calculating acoustic group velocity. Therefore, Morelli-Callaway model splits to three branches. There are six phonon transfer scattering rate, which are umklapp, normal, boundary impurity, dislocation, and phonon-electron scattering rate. In different temperatures, different phonon scattering process appeal. The shape of LTC as a function of temperature has a bell shape that all phonon scattering rate configured this shape. The peak of lattice thermal conductivity shift to higher temperature with decreasing the size of CdSe nanostructure. In summarize, the LTC for a particular temperature depends on the size and crystal structure. At 300K thermal conductivity of WZ bulk CdSe has less value than all ZB CdSe NWs mentioned in this work. Also quantum confinement effect cause mechanical and thermal parameters change with decreasing the size and dimension of CdSe semiconductor.

The present study was conducted in Duhok city to evaluate the cumulative biological effects of aqueous extract for (Urtica pilulifera) which is widely abundant in Iraqi Kurdistan region against the mosquito (Culex pipiens L.) using different concentrations (4- 16 mg/ml) on all immature stages of mosquito. The cumulative effect of the Plant extract significantly affected the hatchability of eggs, mortality rate and elongation the duration of the larvae and pupae of C. pipiens. The eggs mortality was concentration dependent. The highest incubation period of eggs was found to be 5 days at a concentration of 16 mg/ml. Also the total growth period from the egg to adult reached 21.5 days with the concentration 12 mg /ml. The adult emergence and the most vital biological activities of the emerging females including fecundity (fertility) were obviously affected. Complete emergence inhibition (100%) was recorded at concentrations 14 &16mg/ml while the lowest rate (6.48%) was with a concentration of 4 mg /ml. The highest rate of adult emergence was recorded at the concentration 4mg/ml which was 93.52% while the lowest adult emergence rate was recorded at the concentration 14 mg/ml which was 0%.The preoviposition period of the females which developed from the treated eggs was tested, and it was found that at the concentrations 12 & 14 mg/ml the females were sterile. Female fecundity was significantly decreased at all concentrations above 4 mg/ml. The lowest and highest mean scores of deposited eggs were 32% and 58.39% at concentrations of 8 & 4 mg/ml, respectively. The percentage of egg hatching was extremely reduced at all concentrations compared with control group. It was found that the plant extract caused morphological deformations in different developmental stages.

A total of 122 Mastacembelus mastacembelus were collected from Greater Zab river near Erbil city, Kurdistan region, north of Iraq, during the period from January to the end of December 2011. In the laboratory, the fish was identified and then the fishes were opened from the abdominal site and the gastrointestinal tract was removed out and examined carefully for cestodes. Live cestodes were recovered from the intestine of the infected fish and examined by compound light microscope and scanning microscope, also histological sections were prepared for some samples. The study showed a number of differential characters of Senga mastacembli sp. n. which not revealed during the first description by Rahemo (1996) also during the ultra-structural study of it by Rahemo and Mohammad. (1998). The study improved that the species S. Mastacembli is a valid species name, also the type host of it M. Simach is regarded as a synoname to M. mastacembli and the last is regarded as a type host for this cestode.

The affectivity of ethanol extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum ), curcumin (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and khat (Catha edulis) were examined against Malassizia furfur. Ethanol extracts were prepared as (10% W/V). The yeast was obtained from ptyriasis versicolor (PV) infections and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium + olive oil was used to isolate the yeast from the skin scrapes. The results of triplicate tests showed no yeasts developed in clove’s extract treatment. The activity of curcumin extract was less than the medicinal soap treatment which was used as positive control. While ginger and khat treatments affect on the visible colonies characteristics only but not on their abundance in culture plates. The MIC for the clove extract and medicinal soap was compared by series of dilutions (10,5,2.5,1.25,o.625) mg/ml. Clove represent antifungal activity till the end, while it was 1.25mg/ml in medicinal soap treatment.

The ancient city of Mosul suffers from several problems on the level of urban and architectural situation which causes them in the first degree to enter the modern techniques wildly illconsidered, and this in turn led to the so-called phenomenon of visual distortion, as well as the phenomenon of Urban Treating which is the other led to a lack of care residents Molder this phenomenon in the digging and the loss of a lot of residential and other service installations, as well as the neglect of the competent official authorities to put the preservation of what remains of the old city, and determine the preservation and restoration mechanisms laws. All this has led to the transformation of the old city to the visually distorted city and a mixture of ancient architecture and heritage, which only ruins left of them, and modern architecture, which entered its technologies to solve the structural Problems of intimidation. And the emergence of high buildings that do not fit with the buildings of the old city, particularly through the rise and inconsistencies of these buildings and the use of modern architectural styles that do not fit in with the old city and its ancient history, so the appearance of high buildings has led to the disappearance or block optical elements in the city and in particular that are on the movement axes

The reagent 6-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-sulfophenylazo)-5-hydroxy-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid(Mordant blue – 9) is proposed as a spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of trace amounts ofiron (III). The proposed chromogenic reagent is sensitive and reacts with iron to form a stable brown 1:2 (Fe(III) – reagent) complex at pH 3.75, Kst = 9.824*109 L2 .mol-2.The apparent molar absorptivity of thiscomplex was 16000 l .mol -1 cm-1at 650 nm in aqueous solutions. Beer’s law is obeyed with the range of 6 – 75 µg /25 ml i.e 0.24 – 3 ppm. The reagent is relatively selective for iron III. The importance of this work arises from that it allows quantification and determination of Iron without initial expensive and fatigue separation or extraction procedure. Different analytical validations were determined (accuracy, precision, recovery, stability of the complex, study of interferences, etc.) to demonstrate the suitability of this work for the routinequality control labs. The aim of this work was to determine iron III in aqueous solution specrtophotometrically employing mordant blue-9 reagent. The developed method was applied for the determination of Fe III in urine samples. The results agree with AAS with RSD (±0.74 – ±2.64).

One hundred samples of carpet dusts (50 samples from residential houses and 50 samples from mosques) were surveyed for the presence of the potentially pathogenic fungi Microascus/Scopulariopsis species complex (Microascales:Ascomycota). The samples were collected from different sites in Duhok province,Kurdistan region,Iraq, during September, 2014 to May, 2015. Four species of Microascus (M.brunneosporus, M.cirrosus, M.pyramidus and M.paisii) and three species of Scopulariopsis (S.asperula, S.brevccaulis and S.flava) were identified. Acaulium acremonium (=Scopulariopsis acremonium) was also detected. The diagnostic features of the reported species based on micro-morphological features of their reproductive structures were provided. M.brunneosporus represents a new record for the Iraqi mycobiota. The identified species were reported in several publications as potentially pathogenic to human.

This study was performed randomly on 40 individuals selected within a specific period, between January 2014 to October 2014 in order to a certain whether or not a sample of chemical weapons used on Shekh Wasan & Balisan valley in 16 April 1987, have incurred genetic damage. The following results were obtained: The chromosomal aberration is a very sensitive and widely applied assay used as a bio indicator of genetic damage induced by an environmental agent or clastogen. In current study a group of (40) chemical bombardment survivors there were (15) individuals have different types of chromosome aberrations, including (ring chromosome %52.5, dicentric chromosome %30, chromosome break with fragment %57.5, chromatid interchange (quadriradial) %27.5, chromatid interchange (triradial) %27.5.

This paper presents results of analytical evaluation conducted on beam-column connection using nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA) process. The aim of using this technique is to investigate the efficiency of the configuration used in conventional steel beam-column connections. In this research work the beam was subjected to two different applied loads; which are concentrated load and uniform distributed load. Two case scenarios have been studied to check the stability of connections while distributed load increased by a factor of 2. The beam is connected to the column by a fully penetration weld. Numerous correlations have been investigated such as base shear vs. displacement, displacement vs. time, and base shear vs. time. The numerical result indicated that joint capacity for both cases show the same behavior in the elastic range.However its behavior changes in the plastic range.The results showed that with increasing (doubled) the applied load on the beam-column connection the base shear and peak displacement do not change. Moreover, for studying the yield point of welded beam-column connection, the model analysis “finite element modeling (FEM) software” was conducted.

A series of new coordination complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) with the azo nucleosides derived from the coupling reaction of guanosine and adenosine with substituted phenyl diazonium salts have been prepared .These metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Visible,Conductivity measurement and magnetic susceptibility. It was found that the azo compounds behavesas N,N’-Bidentate donor ligand forming chelates with 1:1 (metal: ligand) stoichiometry. The ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against five species of pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using Disc diffusion method. The activity data had shown that the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent azo ligands against one or more bacterial species suggesting that metalation increase the antibacterial activity of those compounds.

Shear strength of ultra high performance reinforced concrete deep beams without stirrups predicted by neural network models. The neural network model based on 233 beams from literatures considering different parameters such as span to depth ratio, shear span to depth ratio, concrete compressive strength, amount of longitudinal reinforcement,…etc. Neural network can be used as an effective tool for predicting the shear capacity of normal & high strength concrete deep beams. Prediction shear strength by neural network very close to the experimental results with correlation coefficient of 0.836, while for ACIdesign eq., proposed eq. by Aziz & Zsutty where 0.394, 0.5624, and 0.488 respectively. The predicted shear strength model by neural network compared with ACI Code, Aziz and Zsutty equations, the results show that the Neural Network approach adequately captured the influence of concrete compressive strength on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams without shear reinforcement.

Chromium (III) complexes of nominate ligands are well recognized for their biological significance along with their anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties. In this investigation a range of Cr+3 complexes with diverse ligands were examined; and categorized with ultraviolet-visible, UV-Vis, spectrometer. Crystal field theory is an electrostatic method, utilized to characterize the fragmentation in d-orbital metal energies. It offers an expected explanation of the electronic energy levels that control the UV-Vis spectra. Accordingly, complexes’ crystal field splitting parameters (?o) are measured through the transition-band using the maximum wavelength. Similarly an additional method, comprising Tanabe-Sugano (TS) diagrams, has been utilized to compute crystal field splitting parameters for assessment. Thus, good agreement was found between both techniques. The configuration of the ligands in increasing order is found to be (H2O) Cl < urea < H2O < OX < NCS < OX H2O < acac < en Cl < NH3 NCS < en which coordinate mostly with the spectro-chemical series. Therefore (H2O) Cl is the weakest ligand, while ethylenediamine (en) is the strongest one among the investigated ligands of Cr3+ complexes. Clearly strong ligands such as; ethylenediamine is considerably influences the coordination geometry of the metal complexes which effect on the deposit morphology and other physical and chemical properties.

The study was conducted in the Biology research laboratory In Garmian University during the period of summer to autumn 2016, which aimed to the isolation and biochemically identification of Lactobacillus sp. and comparing their antioxidant activity with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272, as well as both of the isolates and reference strain with ascorbic acid which used as a control. Out of 25 samples were collected from different sources such as vaginal swabs, infant stool, sheep and cow’s milk, six strains of Lactobacillus sp were Identified according to their colony morphology on MRS agar along with microscopic examination. Further identification strategies are carried out by biochemical analysis including catalase, oxidase, and API 50 CHL kit system through which strains as L. pentosus, L.acidophilus, L. collinoides, L. fermentum, L. salivarius and L. brevis were identified. The results of antioxidant activity which carried out by 2,2-DiPhenyl-2-Picryl hydrazyl hydrate ( DPPH) assay for all six isolated strains revealed that the best antioxidant activity was recorded by L. pentosus strain IC50=0.0464 which showed no-significantly differences with the ascorbic acid antioxidant activity IC50 = 0.0186, on the other hand, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272 exhibited antioxidant activity about IC50=1.998, in addition, other isolated strains L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. salivarius, L. collinoides and L. brevis demonstrates good antioxidant activity with IC50= 0.2311, 0.2792, 0.3707, 3.744 and 5.766 respectively.

Pregnant-origin Gram negative enteric bacteria, particularly, Escherichia coli isolates were exposed to tests for resistance phenotype using Kirby-Bauer’s disk-diffusion assay and for gentamicin resistance genotype using aacC2gene, codifying for one specific aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme. The incidence of Enterobacteriaceae was 31 (21.8%), emerged from142 midstream urine (MSU) samples, including symptomatic (17.6%) and asymptomatic (25.7%) bacteriuria. Women with age brackets from 15-44 years were studied. Age group 25-29 years scored the highest incidence rate of infection (29.2%), while age group 35-39 years exhibited the lowest incidence rate. Data described previously were statistically insignificant (P value > 0.05). Remarkably, significant differences (P value <0.05) observed concerning gestational ages when third (32.81%) and second (14.81%) trimesters were noticed with the highest rate of bacteriuria, respectively. E. coli distinguished as the most predominant (41.9%), followed by Klebssiella pneumoniae (19.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.9%), consecutively. Seven other uropathogens were identified with a lesser frequency. Isolates subjected to numerous antibiotics and results revealed fully resistance to pencillin G and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while (96.8%) possessed resistant to amoxicillin, cephlexin, and vancomycin. However, amikacin still acting perfectly (90.3%) against all the isolates, especially towards E. coli (92.3%). Concurrently, the antimicrobial potency of streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone were (92.3%), (84.6%), and (77%) respectively, when assayed opposite E. coli strains solely. Phenotypically, (30.8%) of E. coli strains, which stand for about (32.3%) of the whole isolates, were resistance to gentamicin. 75% of phenotypically gentamicin resistance E. coli demonstrated genotypically as harbouring the aacC2 gene.

Cholesterol is present in tissues and plasma lipoproteins either as free cholesterol or combined with a long chain fatty acid as cholesterol ester. Triglycerides are the simplest lipids constructed from fatty acids and glycerol. Derivative spectrophotometric techniques were used for determination of individual and simultaneous determination of cholesterol and triglyceride. First derivative spectrophotometric technique was used for determination of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum samples in the concentration ranges (10 – 100 µg/ml) for cholesterol with correlation coefficient 0.9983 and detection limit 2.9 µg/ml with good precision and accuracy basing upon measuring height at 218 nm depending upon the values of the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD %) and the relative error percentage (Error %) for ten replicate measurements of three different concentration and (15 – 150 µg/ml) for triglyceride with correlation coefficient 0.9972 and detection limit 5.5 µg/ml with good precision and accuracy basing upon measuring peak – to – baseline at 242 nm depending upon the values of the relative standard deviation percentage (RSD %) and the relative error percentage (Error %) for ten replicate measurements of three different concentration.

In this work we establish the existence of the p-adic Gibbs measure for the p-adic ?-Ising model on the Cayley tree of order two. In the previous studies, p-adic Ising model and p-adic ?-model were distinctly studied in many papers with the various properties. In this work, it is the first we combined both p-adic Ising model and p-adic ?-model on the Cayley tree of order two. In this research we only establish the model and we proved the existence of the p-adic Gibbs measures in the p-adic case. Here, we use the methods of p-adic analysis, and then, our results do not work in the real case.

In this paper, I introduce a new sequence space as u the domain of four dimensional generalized difference matrix and as a generalization of the series space . I give some topological properties with some inclusion relations. Moreover, I calculate beta(u)- and gamma- duals of the new sequence space . In the last section I characterize some matrix classes and I conclude B (u) the paper with some important results.

According to its approved master plan, Erbil city extends in multiple directions and overlaps with some pre-existing settlements. The role of each pre-existing settlement in urban expansion remains unknown. This study utilizes a gravitational model, which assumes the existence of forces of attraction between any two proximate urban settlements. This drawing force attracted a variety of land uses of pre-existing settlements around Erbil city. The variables of gravitational force in this study are initial population size and distance of each pre-existing settlement to the core of Erbil. The gravitational force represented by the magnitude of the urban expansion is measured by the continuously changing area covered by the urban land uses throughout a studied period from 2007–2016. Satellite images were used to depict the difference between the size of settlements before and after expansion. Computer programs were used to draw and measure urban expansion and determine its relationship to initial population size and distance to the core. This study finds that initial population size is a significant factor, but distance to the core has no correlation to the degree of urban expansion close to the studied settlements. The findings of this study will extend the knowledge about the urban expansion of Erbil and open door for further related studies.

In this work we establish the existence of the p-adic Gibbs measure for the p-adic ?-Ising model on the Cayley tree of order two. In the previous studies, p-adic Ising model and p-adic ?-model were distinctly studied in many papers with the various properties. In this work, it is the first we combined both p-adic Ising model and p-adic ?-model on the Cayley tree of order two. In this research we only establish the model and we proved the existence of the p-adic Gibbs measures in the p-adic case. Here, we use the methods of p-adic analysis, and then, our results do not work in the real case.

In this work, a very brief definition and history of Fractals were presented. Fractals are commonly found in nature; which implies that they should be good candidates for modeling different types of real world signals. Fractal-based techniques have found many applications in the field of Remote Sensing by using special computer algorithms. This paper describes the usage of fractal techniques in the enlargement of satellite imageries in order to get more information from them with approximately no distortion (zooming into the image many times). In order to have a practical experience, this research has also analyzed successful implementation of Fractal techniques on a satellite image.

This experiment aimed at determination of vitamin D along with some Hematological parameters among women refugees from different camps and apparently healthy individuals in Hawler province; Kurdistan region of Iraq. 50 women refugees and 45 controls individual were studied between April and June, 2015. The results showed a lower level (p < 0.007) in vitamins D of women refugees as compared with the control group. Hematological parameters were considered white blood cell count (WBCs), Erythrocytes (RBCs), lymphocytes, platelet count, packed cell volume (PCV) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Tests were performed after storing samples in EDTA contained tubes. The level of WBCs, RBCs, platelets count, PCV and lymphocyte were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than control groups. The level of ESR was significantly higher (p >0.05) among refugees. Present work states that Vitamin D status decreased significantly among women refugees that currently resettled in Erbil province; Kurdistan region where they are at higher risk to get further complications e.g musculoskeletal disorders and anemia. The paper suggests health facilities should be improved in the refugee camps of hawler province/Iraq.

Influences of different environment on some physical properties of Plantanus orientalis L. grown in Erbil Governorate were examined. In each location three trees were selected, height, DBH, tree ages, number of branches/trees were determined in addition to physical properties in each location. There was a significant variation for all physical properties with different height of trees in Shaqlawa location in comparison to Sami Abdulrahman Park. The highest number were recorded for specific gravity, density of dry volume, density of green volume and moisture content between different locations in height (1) 0.62 0.73 gm/cm3, 0.95 gm/cm3 95.59 % respectively. In addition, the highest number was recorded of thermal conductivity in H3 L1 (3.35) and volumetric shrinking was found in H2 L1 (71.56 gm/cm3). Finally, the highest number was found for volumetric swelling in H1L1 (104.74 gm/cm3). It can be summarized that for the further research, it is important not only above properties to be measured, but also anatomical characters need to be taken into consideration for better understanding Plantanus orientalis L. evaluation under different environments.

The present paper is a theoretical analyses of three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model to predicate the shear stress, shear strain, load deflection and crack propagation of sixteen high performance reinforced concrete deep beams (HPRCDB) with stirrups by ANSYS (v14). The main variables considered were; vertical shear stress (?vfy), ranging from 1.27 to 7.46MPa, horizontal shear stress (?hfy), ranging from 2.38 to 5.30 MPa and vertical and horizontal (combination) shear stress (?vhfy), ranging from (1.27+2.38 to 7.46+5.30) MPa, Three types of concrete were used based on the compressive strength; Normal Strength Concrete, (NSC), 43MPa, High Strength Concrete, (HSC), 62.5MPa, and High Performance Concrete, (HPC), more than 100MPa.Results obtained by ANSYS were compared with the experimental results in order to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. The theoretical results of the FE models show good agreement with the taken experimental data, in both linear and nonlinear behaviors ranges up to failure. The effect of each parameter were discussed and compared with the experimental works.

In this paper, the four principles of sustainability and the limitations of high and low quality fuel energy have been considered to simulate the transportation systems. The environmental impacts of transportation systems are related with populations and technology which all lead to unsustainable impact on environment. Five means of transportation systems have been considered in this model, those transportations systems are bicycle, water, taxi, bus and metro. The resulting ecological footprint effect expressed in Anti-Sustainable Impact is being used to reflect those means of transport on environment. A simplified approach to those means is represented in the derived linear model by Bicycle Sustainable Unit BSU. The equivalent effects of different transportation systems on environment are represented graphically. Guidelines for such results are considered to optimize the sustainability of transportations. Conclusive remarks have been drawn accordingly to achieve safe and sustainable guidelines to be implemented in future traffic and transportation systems and their deployments in cities.

In this paper, we make a literature review on p-adic sequences and we prove some new topological properties on the sequence spaces w(p), l8(p) and c(p) of p-adic numbers as the set of all sequences, the set of bounded sequences and the set of convergent sequences of p-adic numbers, respectively. We show that these sequence spaces are Banach spaces under some certain topological properties. Moreover we prove some inclusion relation between these sequence spaces.We construct the a-, ß- and ? duals of sequence spaces w(p), l8(p) and c(p), and of p-adic numbers. We conclude the paper with characterizations of some significant matrix classes.

In this work, a survey on the Ishik-University graduate students’ level of awareness of the importance of infrastructures on the community, on their views on the curriculum versus infrastructures’ topics, and the most important topics found better for their future work. Our goal is to prepare our students to be future engineers educated with the concepts of infrastructures and how to improve and maintain these facilities. Students have been given a chance to evaluate current curriculum with particular focus on the infrastructure topics. Students have shown their high level of awareness, and gave their opinion on the curriculum and infrastructure as shown in tables and graphs. Conclusions and recommendations for the civil engineering department in Ishik University are drawn. It is the aim of the authors to further improve the curriculum of the civil engineering department of Ishik University, particularly aiming at providing our graduates a better understanding of infrastructures.