The aim of the study is to evaluate the in vivo antimicrobial effect of some natural products, that include seeds of: Black cumin Fenugreek, Moringa olefera, Clitoria ternatea, Sunflower and Vit E on broiler meat keeping quality. One hundred and five one day old male chicks were used. They were allotted to 7 treatments with 3 replications each in CRD design .The chicks were fed balanced rations supplemented with tested seeds and Vit E. In vivo antimicrobial effects of tested seeds were measured using the serial dilution method on chickens breast samples at fresh, - 4oC and at – 20oC for 30 days. The tested seeds had an in vitro antifungal and antimicrobial effect on Gram + ve and Gram -ve bacteria. The in vivo antimicrobial effects of tested seeds showed no significant at fresh and -20oC storage conditions; however, there was a significant difference among treatments at – 4oC-storage condition. Nevertheless, there was a significant difference among storage conditions. Generally, the results demonstrated that the tested seeds can be used as an in vitro antimicrobial natural source.

Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.

Two field experiments were conducted during two seasons of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of both bio-fertilizer (inoculated or uninoculated) and selenium (Se) spray at 0.5, and 10 ppm on vegetative growth, pigments, yield and quality of potato plants. The results indicated that, vegetative growth characters (number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a and b were significantly increased with Bio-fertilizers (Halex-2, and High rate of Se (10 ppm), in both seasons. Plant yield of tuber, number of tubers/plant, average tuber weight and tuber yield/Fed and (tuber content of starch and protein), generally, seemed to be increased with the Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and high rate of Se, in both growing seasons. The interaction between Bio-fertilizer (Halex-2) and Se reflected positive effects on the all studied quantitative and qualitative characters of potato plants.

Algae are simple plants and most of them are aquatic and can grow in different water assets, for example, fresh water, salty water, and wastewater so they are considered as the more secure, non-focused and more effective plant. They have different pathways to fix dangerous gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) that causing climate change and converting sunlight, nitrogen and phosphorous into biomass. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding the algae as biological alternative products and renewable energy source to throw light on a broad range of algae applications for provide some information on their related technology and industry that are financially feasible to counter balance in oil, and alleviate CO2 discharge or not. Algae have been explored for different applications as food; bioactive substances due to their high development rates, sensible developmental densities and high oil contents all that have been referred to as motivations to turn algae into biofuels. However, there are various obstacles including the sourcing of these algae, strain isolation, nutrient source, production management, harvesting, coproduct improvement, fuel extraction, refining and lingering biomass use. The use of algae as fuel might seem of no importance today, but it can gain importance tomorrow as petroleum is getting depleting day after day. The International Energy Agency expects contribution of biofuels by 6% of aggregate fuel use by 2030, yet could extend essentially if undeveloped oil fields are not gotten to or if generous new fields are not distinguished.

Seahorse aquaculture can provide a platform to reduce pressure on its wild populations and to meet the demand for global trade. However, techniques for breeding seahorses are yet to established for every species and information is limited especially for species dwelling in Malaysian waters. Hippocampus trimaculatus is among the heavily exploited species and red listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under IUCN [1]. This study was conducted for one and a half years at the Fisheries Research Institute, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The goal of this study was to develop a simple yet practical husbandry technique for H. trimaculatus. The study described protocols applied to the establishment of brooders, from the newborn to adulthood, and ultimately to the closure of the reproductive cycle. The seahorses were fed with a live diet ad libitum daily. Juveniles attained a total length of 50mm within a rearing period of 90 days. At 7 months old, the seahorses had reached their matured sizes of 111mm and 106mm for males and females respectively. After a year in captivity, we achieved the closure of the reproductive cycle for the captive-born H. trimaculatus. The results showed that the captive breeding of H. trimaculatus is feasible in Malaysia. These findings will be useful in promoting this species for commercial seahorse culturing and conservation purposes.

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 on the Demonstration Farm of the Faulty of Agriculture, University of Kassala at New Half. Nitrogen use efficiencies (i.e. agronomic AE, internal IE, physiological PE and recovery RE) and grain protein content were investigated at different level of watering regimes and organic manure application of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The watering regime treatments were irrigation every 7, 14 and 21 days, and the nitrogen fertilizer levels were zero, 43, 86 kg N ha-1 without or with 4 tons of chicken manure ha-1. Frequent irrigation, addition of high N level and organic manure significantly increased AE, IE, PE, RE and grain protein content compared to their respective treatments. Mixing of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer increased AE, IE and RE but resulted in a slightly increase in PE than both treatments when they were added solely. Further, the magnitude of organic manure on AE, IE, RE and grain protein content was significantly greater under normal watering regime. Wheat plants under optimum conditions (frequent watering, high N level plus organic manure) used N, as indicated by AE, PE, IE and RE, more efficiently than under other treatment combination.

The WHO/FAO have requested data on food consumption to better understand the increasing toxicological results of foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption characteristics of the consumers living in small-scale mining areas. Commonly consumed food crops of each category: fruit, cereals, vegetables, legumes and root tubers were selected. In all, 308 consumers were sampled using a one-week dietary recall tool and a stratified sampling method of the consumers. The @Risk Microsoft add-in was used to analyze the data. The results show that the adolescents (10-17 years) consumed cowpea (233.90 g/day) and cassava (666.96g/day) at a relatively higher level compared to children (3-9 years) and adults (18-64 years). Likewise, adults consumed yam (136.65g/day), maize (1739.37g/day), rice (1272.40g/day), pineapple (184.97g/day) and watermelon (656.55g/day) at a relatively higher level compared to children and adolescents. On the contrary, whereas children generally consumed lower quantities of food, they presented higher exposure frequency to cowpea (364 days/year), root tubers (36-364 days/year) and grains (286-364 days/year) compared to adults and adolescents. Both adolescent and adult population subgroups presented higher exposure frequency to vegetables (364 days/year) relative to children (104-364 days/year). The findings further show that, in increasing order rice and maize are the most consumed crops. The adult population subgroup, in the study area may be vulnerable to contaminants in maize grains than other dishes categories due to the high mass consumed and high exposure duration. Children may be vulnerable to contaminants in maize grains because of the high exposure frequency.

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the complications of diabetes. This study investigated the possibility of reducing neuropathy of STZ-induced diabetic rats by Terminalia muelleri extract (TE) and comparing the effect of the extract with the therapeutic effect of pioglitazone (PG) drug. The experimental animals were divided into non-diabetic (normal control), STZ-induced diabetic (diabetic control), TE-treated non-diabetic (200?mg/kg b.wt) (TE-group) TE-treated diabetic (200?mg/kg b.wt) (TE-STZ-group), and pioglitazone-treated diabetic (1.58 mg /kg b.wt) (PG-STZ-group). All treatments were administered orally by oral gavage once daily throughout the 4?weeks of the treatment period. In this study: malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide were examined as oxidative stress marker in the brain tissue of the experimental rats. The results indicated high oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic groups and reduced oxidative stress of groups treated with TE. The results of norepinephrine, dopamine, gammaamino- butyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Casps-3 also demonstrated the possibility of using TE to attenuate the effects of neuropathy in experimental rats comparable to PG use. This indicated that the TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug. This indicated that TE is promising alternative to chemical treatment with PG drug.

Anti-inflammatory and in vitro cytotoxic effect of phenols of Hermannia geniculata (PoHG) on Vero and HepG2 cells was carried out using Soybean lipoxygenase and MTT assays. PoHG extract exhibited a commendable inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with IC50 value of (150 ± 0.03) µg/mL which is similar to the IC50: (110± 0.01) µg/mL of the standard (indomethacin). However, the extract was non-toxic to Vero cells with LC50 value >1.00 mg/mL but highly toxic to HepG2 cells (LC50: 0.05 mg/mL). A decrease viability of HepG2 cells was observed with increase in the concentration of the extract. There was less than 5% viable HepG2 cells at PoHG concentration of 750 µg/mL. The selectivity index of (20.00 and 33.33) was recorded for PoHG extract and doxorubicin respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities of PoHG suggested that the phenols extract may be useful in the management of inflammatory diseases like artheriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. It is also safe for use while its antiproliferative activities can be exploited in search for anticancer agents.

The present article points to weaknesses of the modern model of healthcare based on pharmacology, which has been unable to resist the influenza virus COVID-19 that led to a planetary economic crisis. The proposed way out of the crisis is to change priorities, namely, the departure from pharmacology and focus on modern science-based natural approaches in the treatment of patients. The three most powerful approaches are described in some detail: water with a high negative redox potential (this is provided by hydrides dissolved in water), information therapy and low-intensity laser therapy. These methods have no side effects and even cure patients with a rejuvenating effect. Undoubtedly, they must be adopted by the healthcare system.

The aim of this study is to investigate physicochemical and sensory properties of cheese made by adding Moringa seeds extract (MSE) as coagulant. Cheese samples were processed by adding 2, 3 and 4% MSE. The results of proximate analysis indicated that moisture content was 40.8, 45.8 and 42.4%, while protein content 16.50, 16, 84 and 16.97 in cheese produced by addition of 2, 3 and 4% MSE, respectively. Statistically, significant differences (p<0.005) were found in both chemical components. The fat content (25.53, 25.72 and 25.92%) in concentrations 2, 3 and 4%, respectively. On the other hand, the highest fat content was found in cheese sample made by adding 4% MSE. The ash content increased by an increase of the concentration of MSE, and the highest value was found in cheese made by addition of 4% MSE (0.82%). Titratable acidity %, pH and The total solids (T.S%) of cheese increased significantly (p<0.005) by an increase of MSE. The mineral content of cheese was statistically affected (p<0.005) by addition of MSE. The microbiological analysis revealed that Colifrom and Salmonella were not detected in processed cheese. The sensory evaluation indicated that all cheese samples were accepted by the panelists with preference to the cheese prepared by 4% MSE. The study recommends using other parts of Moringa Oliefera in cheese coagulation and the effect of storage conditions on the quality of the cheese must be further investigated.

Identification of characteristics of women in terms of age and parity as related to their uptake of existing screening services can give significant data to forming cervical cancer screening administrations. This study was aimed to assess the effect of age and parity on knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women of child bearing age in Anambra State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design.The study was conducted at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka and General Hospital Onitsha between June 2019 to September 2019.Using multi-stage (purposive) sampling technique, the sample size for this study consisted of one hundred and eighty four (184) women (134) subjects for experimental group and 50 subjects for control group) attending antenatal in public hospitals in Anambra State. The instrument contained five questions on demographic data of the respondents, questions on knowledge of cervical cancer and practice questions with four point response options. The reliability of the instrument was established by using Cronbach alpha for estimating the internal consistency of the instrument. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.The results showed that all the women of different age groups and women of all parity levels benefitted from the exposure to health education programme. The study therefore concludes that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the practice of cervical cancer screening practice. The knowledge of cervical cancer, knowledge of cervical cancer screening and knowledge of modes of prevention of cervical cancer are critical in determining cervical cancer screening uptake among the women. It is thus concluded that exposing women of child bearing age to health education programme improved the cervical cancer screening practice than not exposing them to any treatment. With adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and a positive perception of cervical cancer screening, utilization of cervical cancer screening services is uniform among women of all parity level.

Among the photosensitizers used in Photodynamic therapy (PDT) technique for cancer treatment, it is found out that the Methylene blue and glycoconjugates chlorine are the best ones for this purpose. In this paper, it is suggested to use Active Capsule Wireless Endoscopy Robot instead of the traditional endoscope. The capsule has many valuable features. It uses LEDs as a source of light in the PDT to kill the colon cancer cells. So, the doctor can make use of the advantage of applying the LED light locally at the tumor which was previously injected by the photosensitizers, the light activates these photosensitizers and a photochemical reaction starts that makes the colon cancer cells die. The light with effective wavelength and power density, energy level and controlled LED light intensity will be applied. Active locomotion capsule endoscopy with an electromagnetic actuation system that can achieve a 3-D locomotion and guidance within the digestive system. The paper also discussed how to manage the required power in the capsule for all parts, LEDs, camera, transceiver, and locomotion.

Background: Pandiaka angustifolia Valh Hepper (Amaranthaceae) whole plant is used in folk Burkinabe’s medicine to treat ailments with an inflammatory component. Previous studies revealed the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the plant, but to the best of our knowledge, its anti-inflammatory activities were not reported before. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of P. Angustifolia hexane and aqueous extracts using in vitro enzymatic methods and in vivo methods and verify the best anti-inflammatory extract implication in KATP pathways. Experiments: acute toxicity of the plant was conducted under OECD 423 guidelines. Phospholipase and cyclooxygenases were pro-inflammatory enzymes used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts while carrageenan induced edema method was used to evaluate the anti-edematous activity and acetic acid inducing writhing method to evaluate the non-morphine analgesic effect of herbal mixture. ATP sensitive K+ channel assay was performed in vivo using the glibenclamide as ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker. Results: enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that both hexane and aqueous extracts of P. angustifolia were good inhibitors against sPLA2 activity with IC50 values of 14.23 ± 0. 72 µg/mL and 11.56 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract presented the best inhibition for COX-1 (IC50 = 24.76 ±0. 51 µg/mL) while hexane extract concentration that inhibit 50% of COX-2 was lesser than those of aqueous extract. P. angustifolia aqueous extract orally administrated to NMRI mice caused no death at the dose of 3000 mg/kg b.w indicating that the plant toxicity is low. While hexane extract was unable to reduce Carrageenan-induced edema, ethanolic extract were significantly active when extract was orally administrated. Non-morphine analgesic activity evaluation revealed that ethanolic extract was more efficient on writhing reduction than hexane extract. Nociception effect of the plant is linked with its effects on K+ ATP sensitive channels. Conclusion: Results indicate that the anti-inflammatory potential of P. angustifolia may be due to its polar phytoconstituents and observed pharmacological activities provide the scientific basis for the medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of ailment associated with inflammation.

A total of Three hundred and seventy five (375) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks with mixed sex were used to examine the effects of Albizia lebbeck stem bark (ATSM) aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks diets: haematology, serum biochemical indices and oxidative status. Birds were divided to five treatments with five replicates of fifteen (15) birds in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (basal diet + 0 % ATSM), treatment 2 (basal diet +1.2 grams Oxytetracycline per litre of water), treatment 3 (basal diet + 10 ml ATSM per liter of water), treatment 4 (basal diet + 20 ml ATSM per litre of water) and treatment 5 (basal diet + 30 ml ATSM per liter of water) and the trial lasted for 56 days. Results on some haematological parameters revealed that red blood cell (RBC), pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials were significantly ((P<0.05) different among the treatments. Total protein, glucose, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly ((P<0.05) affected by ATSM. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malonyldialdehyde (MLA) were significantly influenced by ATSM (P<0.05). It was concluded that ATSM could be administered to broiler chicks at 30 ml/litre without any negative effect on the general performance of birds.