The aim of the article is to analyse labour productivity key indicators of manufacturing or working efficiency of European Union (EU), it the theoretical bases and the regularities of these changes. We use regression analysis. Knowledge of the regularities of labour productivity changes allows predicting future changes and make optimal business decisions. The basis is gross domestic product (GDP) analysis. We will analyse labour productivity by turnover and gross value added per person employed of manufacturing total and partly by countries, but also GDP per capita. Taking the basis this publication and the previous works of the authors, draws conclusions and suggestions.

The study was conducted in Anywaa Zone Prison Center in Gambella Regional State of Ethiopia. It was designed with the objective of studying psychosocial consequences of crime on prisoners in Anywaa Zone Prison Center. To achieve its objectives, descriptive survey design through systematic random sampling technique was applied to conduct the study from 169 out of 280 prisoners. In order to obtain the data, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The primary data were collected using open and closed ended questionnaires, semi structured interview, document review and recorded files of young prisoners in the office Anywaa Zone Prison Center. To analyze the data for quantitative data, simple statistical tools and logistic regression were used. On the other hand, qualitative data were narrated in textual form. Therefore, the overall findings of the study showed that drug, anxiety, guilty, feeling shame, depression, and isolation from other peoples are the major problems that have psychosocial consequences of crime on prisoners. So, to overcome the psychosocial consequences of crime, job opportunities must be created in order to alleviate these psychosocial consequences of crime on prisoner’s issue.

This paper takes the propagation characteristics of heavy metals and the judgment of the location of pollution sources as the research objects, aiming to analyze the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals. Firstly, the Gaussian diffusion model is conducted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere. Then, based on the law of conservation of mass and the law of two-dimensional diffusion, the two-dimensional diffusion model is adopted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metals in soil moisture. According to these two models, the nonlinear differential equations are established respectively, revealing that the characteristics of the two propagation ways are related to space, time, diffusion coefficients, and other factors. Then, in the light of the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals, the least square method is applied to reduce the data calculation error and obtain the specific location of the pollution source. Finally, through establishing the three-dimensional diffusion model of heavy metal diffusion by introducing artificial control, speed and angle of prevailing wind direction, and other factors, the model is further optimized. The establishment of this model provides an important theoretical basis and guiding significance for the future study of heavy metal pollutants.

n article the natural technology of improvement of qualities, normalization of a state and increase in activity of the person is considered. The spectral analysis of biofield, correction of a biofield by analog reconstructive optical method of tomography and healthy lifestyle are fundamentals of natural technology. According to the spectral analysis of a biofield the card of step-by-step correction is formed. According to the card of step-by-step correction stage-by-stage impact by the light, acoustic and power field on a biofield of the person is programmed. Process of correction of biofield is carried out under control of the expert in real time by means of a spectroscope. Process of correction comes to an end with normalization of biofield. After normalization of biofield, people passes to healthy activity.

To form the basis of a respiratory disease model in rats by investigating the microbial distribution and composition in the lower respiratory tracts of normal rats. Methods: DNA was extracted from the intestine, trachea, bronchus and lung samples collected from healthy rats under sterile conditions. The 16S rDNA V4-V5 region was sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology. Results: The sequencing results showed that there was no significant difference in abundance and species diversity of microbiota between the lower respiratory and the intestine. The microbiota structure analysis showed samples from lungs and intestinal shared similarity. However, the dominant species at the levels of phylum, family, and genus diverged. The similarity analysis showed that the lung microbiota were different from the intestines. The linear discriminant analysis showed significantly different species in different tissues; function prediction also showed different microbiota function in different tissues. Conclusions: These results suggest that bacterial colonization depends on the sample’s anatomical location. The human pathogen Acinetobacter lwoffii was also detected in the rat lower respiratory tract samples.

The aim of the article is to analyse labour productivity key indicators of manufacturing or working efficiency of European Union (EU), it the theoretical bases and the regularities of these changes. We use regression analysis. Knowledge of the regularities of labour productivity changes allows predicting future changes and make optimal business decisions. The basis is gross domestic product (GDP) analysis. We will analyse labour productivity by turnover and gross value added per person employed of manufacturing total and partly by countries, but also GDP per capita. Taking the basis this publication and the previous works of the authors, draws conclusions and suggestions.

The aim of the article is to analyse labour productivity key indicators of manufacturing or working efficiency of European Union (EU), it the theoretical bases and the regularities of these changes. We use regression analysis. Knowledge of the regularities of labour productivity changes allows predicting future changes and make optimal business decisions. The basis is gross domestic product (GDP) analysis. We will analyse labour productivity by turnover and gross value added per person employed of manufacturing total and partly by countries, but also GDP per capita. Taking the basis this publication and the previous works of the authors, draws conclusions and suggestions.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of State and Non-state actors in combating human trafficking and ensuring safe migration of Zimbabwean women. The study relied on qualitative research methodology while data was gathered through primary and documentary search. Respondents were purposively selected from victims of human trafficking and organisations that deal with combating human trafficking. These included IOM, Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Human Trafficking Desk, Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. The study revealed that human trafficking in Zimbabwe thrives under conditions of vulnerability which are caused by various factors ranging from poverty, limited educational opportunities, poor economic conditions, gender and age. A strong relationship between Government and NGOs’ inadequate adherence to the Palermo Protocol standards and escalation of human trafficking was also exposed. Though Zimbabwean has several laws that deals with human trafficking, implementation of these laws still remains a challenge. This has contributed to the escalation of human trafficking cases from Zimbabwe to neighbouring countries, particularly South Africa.

The study sought to understand the justification of NATO’s intervention in Libya and implications on regional security. Qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Primary and secondary data sources were used to collect data. The findings of the study indicated that NATO’s military intervention in Libya was not justified and failed to promote peace and security. Research findings further showed that the intervention was based on self-interest. The intentions of NATO in Libya were far-fetched and heavily undermined the doctrines of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and humanitarian intervention. The research findings indicated that NATO intervened in Libya for regime change, imperialism and to benefit from the oil resource. Libyan citizens benefitted nothing from the intervention. The study argues that Libyans suffered economic, socio-political and religious effects. The intervention by NATO fuelled civil wars, violence, religious conflicts and terrorism.

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

The notable demand for the want of cement in our time has stimulated increment in cement production and increment in manufacturers to be had in our day. These in turn amongst others have brought about failure of buildings and other construction members. As a result, the need to ensure the quality of available cement in circulation is of utmost paramount. This research work studies the available Portland lime cement of grade 42.5 only, in Nigeria from such company as company A, company B, and company C. The qualities and properties of the Portland lime cement from every of the above-named companies were investigated and as compared. Properties like Fineness, Setting Time, Chemical composition, Specific gravity, Consistency, Loss of ignition, Strength (compressive strength, and flexural strength), Micro structural analysis were determined according to relevant BS EN 197-1 (2011) and (ASTMC) 150-92 standards. These tests were carried out with the usage of scanning electron microscope, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Vicat apparatus, compressive strength machine, consistency apparatus and Chatelier flask, among others. The results showed that the chemical composition mostly of CaO, SiO2, AL2O3 and MgO in the cement +are within the acceptable limit of 60.0-67.0, 17.0-25.0, 3.0-8.0 and 0.1-4.0 respectively in the BS 4550: Part 3 (1979). The results of the compressive strength acquired for all the cement have been a way beneath the standardized result expected for grade 42.5. These could partly be traced to the cement micro-structure as Company C with the best morphology exhibits better compressive strength than others. Improvement on the cement morphology by the manufacturers could lead to compressive strength improvement. It was also discovered that one of the important factors that would have contributed to the low compressive strength was excessive amount of silt/clay content material inside the sand used.

Counselors play a critical role in helping people who are experiencing mental or emotional problems to get their lives back on track. And it is one of the treatment options for mentally ill peoples for its deal with wellness, personal growth, and career, education, and empowerment concerns. The purpose of the study is to assess the practice of counseling and its effectiveness in Jimma University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and Amanuel Mental Health Specialized Hospital (AMHSH). It guided by mixed research design, quantitative and qualitative data about study variables was collected from 123 patients from both institutions, Qualitative data were analyzed by direct quotation according to the theme of the questions. Descriptive percentage and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze quantitative data. Descriptive statistics showed that there is a difference in the applications of counseling within the institution Analysis of ANOVA showed counseling is more effective in the treatment of depression and substance abuse. The difference in counseling provision in both institutions is also supported by qualitative analysis of the data. So, JUTH has to incorporate counseling service in the part of treatment, and AMUSH has to work on addressing a huge number of in need patients by expanding the institution.

This paper elaborates the hydraulic characteristics of the water supply network of the town of Puerto Ayora. First, it intends to replicate the household individual storage by simulating nodal tanks with the use of the EPANET software. Later, it uses the Pressure-Driven Approach (PDA) to develop a methodology that estimates the overflow of storage facilities, one of the main sources of wastage in Puerto Ayora. Finally, it uses the Demand-Driven Approach (DDA), with the aim of assessing the network in the future, under four population growth scenarios. With the chosen moderate growth scenario, two options are suggested in order to tackle the water supply issues at the end of the planning horizon.

Globalization and liberalization puts the emphasis on exports as a technique in which developing countries like the Kingdom of Eswatini should adopt to expand their markets beyond their domestic market. For the developing countries to be international competitive in the global markets they need to minimize their production cost particularly on the products that are being exported. The production of most of the exported commodities needs lot energy from oil; hence there has been tremendous increase of oil and its by-product worldwide. The current oil demand for most countries in the world is not met because of insufficient reserves for crude oil in most countries. The Kingdom of Eswatini does not have an oil reserves or oil-refining facilities hence they depends on imports from the neighbouring states in order to meet the consumption requirement. The oil price shocks in the global market normally have adversely effects on various macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate since the oil is traded in US dollars. Oil and exchange rate are considered to be essential factors for domestic economies for developing countries like the Kingdom of Eswatini. The purpose of the study is to investigate the causal relationship between Lilangeni-dollar exchange rate and crude oil price by using the Toda-Yamamota approach. The study used daily time series from January 01st, 2005 to April 30th, 2018 of nominal exchange rate of Lilangeni (Eswatini currency [SZL]) vis-à-vis United States dollar (USD) data as well as the global price of Brent crude oil data that was used as a proxy for the Global crude oil price. The results from the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test revealed that there is a unidirectional causality from the global oil price to the Eswatini’s nominal exchange rate (SZL/USD). Hence the study concluded that the global crude oil price influence the Eswatini’s nominal exchange rate. Therefore the study recommends that in the formulating of Eswatini’s exchange rate policy emphases should be on the global oil prices in order not to misalign the Eswatini’s currency.

This study explores a potential reposition of the triple helix model of university-industry-government relations in terms of micro-level analysis. In this direction, we evaluate the development of helix theory over time, by reviewing the relevant literature divided into three successive phases: the phase of theoretical foundation, the phase of conceptual expansion, and the phase of recent developments and systematic attempts of implementation. In this conceptual study, we estimate that a refocused triple helix model in terms of local development, by placing at the center of analysis the “living organization’s” dynamics in Stra.Tech.Man terms (synthesis of Strategy-Technology-Management), can be a possible direction of analytical enrichment.

The purpose of the research is to examine importance of Georgia’s current relations with its neighboring Russia and Azerbaijan and to estimate risks that deterioration of these relations can bring to Georgia’s economy. Of particular interest is to understand who stands behind the tensions happened in Georgia in the run-up to the tourist season of 2019 or at least to figure out possible motives behind the events. Interdependence of the states is analyzed through historical review of their relations and estimation of their current mutual interests. Considering risks and aspirations of the sides in the tensions, the motives behind are suggested. The data received depicts that none of these tensions were initiated by Georgia following its interests, on the contrary, its ruling party’s most visible achievement had been the ability to maintain positive and beneficial relations with both Russia and Azerbaijan. Thus, the Georgian government considered to be a victim in this case. The paper concludes that Georgian government is unable to react on provocations in a timely fashion due to absence of agreement in the ruling party and being quite fragile for outside forces that try to influence the country’s political processes. Unless Georgia manages to build more interdependent or less dependent relations with superpowers, it will be unable to avoid repetition of such manipulations.

The paper seeks to analyze the larger concept of multiculturalism and to further determine its role and importance in modern Georgia. The agenda of cultural diversity is often subject to criticism, accused for being responsible for endangering modern societies. Such statements will be critically analyzed within the context of the increasing far-right sentiments among Georgians, as reflected in a what can be described as a radical march which took place in Tbilisi on the 14th of July 2017, creating risks of further deteriorating of the situation in the country, given the general macro-economic instability of Georgia and undermining democracy. This paper concludes that it is very important to establish an innovative new model of Georgian citizenship, and one which will address all the accumulated misunderstandings now existing in society. It is expected that this will enable multiculturalism to be perceived more appropriately, i.e. as a unifying ideology rather than a dividing force.

The Niger delta of Nigeria has been besieged by a lot of crises, which have posed serious security risks to the region. This has adversely and seriously affected not only the region, but Nigeria in general. The processes of crude oil extraction in the Niger delta have resulted in ecological degradation and oil pollutions, thereby doing a lot of damages to the farmlands and fishing waters of the people, whose major occupations are farming and fishing. Petroleum, the main source of Nigeria’s revenue is obtained in the Niger delta. Yet, Deltans are confronted with a lot of problems; they are impoverished, exploited, neglected and marginalized despite the economic value of the region to the Nigerian economy. No serious or commensurate efforts are made by the government or the multinational oil companies operating in the region to compensate the people for the losses they suffer through oil pollutions. This has resulted in a lot of protests and violence, culminating in the social unrest in the region. To this effect, there have been reactions to the crises in diverse ways. Though such efforts have yielded little dividends, the crises have persisted. Niger delta deserves priority attention in terms of human and infrastructural developments. In the literary circle, some Nigerian literary artists have expressed concern over the issue with a view to creating awareness on the seriousness of the crises, and advancing suggestions that will proffer permanent solutions to the problems. This paper examines and expounds how Helon Habila deploys the mood system as a language tool in his novel, Oil on Water, to address the Niger Delta crises. He advances suggestions to put an end to the crises in order to restore peace, and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria.

One of the most burning issues that have dominated the public sphere in Nigeria and other oil exporting countries is the covid-19 pandemic and its attendant challenges. This pandemic is a shock on real economic fundamentals and frictionless of the market. It introduces a barrier between the market forces with strong complementary feedbacks in the real economy. The absence of precise vaccine or medication for the virus has necessitated the adoption of several precautionary measures with the aim of containing its wide spread. Critical among which are the travel restrictions, lockdown measures as well as social and physical distancing. These measures have detrimental effect on the demand and price of oil in the international market. In view of that, this study evaluates the social and economic impact of covid-19 in Nigeria taking into cognisance the effect on certain critical macroeconomic indicators. The study adopted an analytical approach to supplement the much ongoing documentations on the subject matter. Result shows that virtually all essential macroeconomic indicators are grossly affected with tax, remittances and employment exhibiting severe consequences. Also, uncertainty, panics and lockdown measures are key to motivating higher decrease in world demand. The supply disruptions and huge death toll generates a heightened uncertainty and panic for household and business. This uncertainty and panic leads to drop in consumption and investment thereby causing a decrease in corporate cash flows and triggered firm’s bankruptcy. Also, lay-off and exiting firms produce higher unemployment while labour income decreased significantly. Since it entails a large amount of government expenditure especially in the health sector which is required to contain the spread of the virus, there is needs for government to diversify its revenue sources and thus drop over dependency on the oil remittance. Furthermore, there is a need to support the financial system to avoid the health crisis becoming a financial crisis in the long-run.

This paper elaborates the hydraulic characteristics of the water supply network of the town of Puerto Ayora. First, it intends to replicate the household individual storage by simulating nodal tanks with the use of the EPANET software. Later, it uses the Pressure-Driven Approach (PDA) to develop a methodology that estimates the overflow of storage facilities, one of the main sources of wastage in Puerto Ayora. Finally, it uses the Demand-Driven Approach (DDA), with the aim of assessing the network in the future, under four population growth scenarios. With the chosen moderate growth scenario, two options are suggested in order to tackle the water supply issues at the end of the planning horizon.