Polyphenol chemical components extracted from merbau (Intsia spp.) wood exhibit a strong affinity for resorcinol and formaldehyde in alkaline conditions, forming a copolymer that could serve as an adhesive. This paper studies the use of resorcinol adhesives from merbau wood extracts containing poly phenolics which copolymerize with formaldehyde bonding wood laminates. Results show that copolymer of merbau extracts with formaldehyde could produce resin with molecular weight 49,658. The resin can be used as adhesive for laminated board manufacturing of a 3 ply-1strip flooring parquet constructed with 7 wood species, i.e: sungkai, karet, kempas, merbau, mangium, mahoni and sengon. Bonding quality and physical-mechanical properties of the products laminated meet the same product that glued using imported adhesive and included exterior quality with E0 or F**** types of low emission formaldehyde.

Indonesia is rich of non-rice carbohydrate source including forest intercropping plants. Simulated Rice Grain (SRG) was made from non-rice carbohydrate sources which had close characteristic to the physicochemical properties of flour and Ciherang grain variety. This paper studies the machine design of Stimulated Rice Grain (SRG) made of non-rice carbohydrate from forest intercropping plant. SRG forming machine design is approached through the design criteria, design analysis, functional design and manufacturing processes, while SRG forming machine was tested using mixed material made from 30% of arrowroot starch, 42% of beneng taro flour and 28% of sorghum. The specification of SRG forming machine is 6.8 x 2.2 x 5.06 mm for die space dimension, 1.9–2.3 for pressure ratio, 600 N for pressure force, 70o for angle of repose, 0–5000 microseconds for space time length, capacity of 900 grain per hour and 25-80 oC for die space temperature regulator. It resulted SRG with length of 7.1 mm, thickness of 2.8 mm, slightly rounded shape, grain firmness of 0.1-2 N, rice grain density of 620-770 kg/m3and grain weight of weight grain 17.5-29 g per 1000 grains.

Production of biodiesel catalytically requires catalyst and stirring. Good stirring system will produce a homogeneous mixture between triglycerides and methanol. Good stirring can be generated with the use of static mixers. This paper studies the static mixing reactor with continuous system in production of biodiesel catalytically and optimizing the length of static mixer in order to obtain methyl ester level based on standard. The experiments were conducted with transesterification method using palm olein (RBDPO) and methanol with molar ratio 1:6, KOH catalyst of 0.5% and the reaction temperature of 65oC. Biodiesel production process used transien condition. Biodiesel production process with catalyst used two moduls of static mixer. The treatment was the length of the static mixer. The variations of the static mixer lenght were conducted by passing fluid one time through static mixer reactor after the temperature has been reached (A0 = 2 static mixer), passed two times through the static mixer reactor (A1 = 4 static mixers), passed three times through the static mixer reactor (A2 = 6 static mixers), and passed four times through the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers). Results show that for each treatment had produced methyl ester content above the standard of 96.5% w/w. The determination of the best treatment was obtained based on the best value for parameters of methyl ester and total glycerol resulted was on the condition of 4 times passed in the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers) which produced methyl ester content of 97.92% w / w, total glycerol of 0.85%, acid number of 0.31 mg KOH / g , saponification number of 202 mg KOH / g, the biodiesel yield of 98.26%, and reaction time 29 minute

Production of biodiesel catalytically requires catalyst and stirring. Good stirring system will produce a homogeneous mixture between triglycerides and methanol. Good stirring can be generated with the use of static mixers. This paper studies the static mixing reactor with continuous system in production of biodiesel catalytically and optimizing the length of static mixer in order to obtain methyl ester level based on standard. The experiments were conducted with transesterification method using palm olein (RBDPO) and methanol with molar ratio 1:6, KOH catalyst of 0.5% and the reaction temperature of 65oC. Biodiesel production process used transien condition. Biodiesel production process with catalyst used two moduls of static mixer. The treatment was the length of the static mixer. The variations of the static mixer lenght were conducted by passing fluid one time through static mixer reactor after the temperature has been reached (A0 = 2 static mixer), passed two times through the static mixer reactor (A1 = 4 static mixers), passed three times through the static mixer reactor (A2 = 6 static mixers), and passed four times through the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers). Results show that for each treatment had produced methyl ester content above the standard of 96.5% w/w. The determination of the best treatment was obtained based on the best value for parameters of methyl ester and total glycerol resulted was on the condition of 4 times passed in the static mixer reactor (A3 = 8 static mixers) which produced methyl ester content of 97.92% w / w, total glycerol of 0.85%, acid number of 0.31 mg KOH / g , saponification number of 202 mg KOH / g, the biodiesel yield of 98.26%, and reaction time 29 minute

In general, pine resin yield is affected by various factors i.e. pine tree species, growing environment and tapping method. This paper studies pine resin tapping yield by drilling method using H SO stimulant. Tapping point is designed in the depth design based times. Pine resin yields were analyzed using analysis of variance and further test was conducted by honestly significant difference test. Results show that tapping pine by drilling and stimulant addition produced pine resin between 15.5 to 109.3g/tree/collection (56.3 g/tree/collection on average) or between 2.6 to 18.2 g/tree/day (9.4 g/tree/day on average). Pine resin yield is significantly influenced by drilling hole depth and H SO stimulant concentrations. The deeper the drilling hole, the more pine resin yield, and the higher the concentration of H SO stimulant the higher pine resin yield. Pine resin yield of 8 cm tapping depth is 65.96% higher than 4 cm tapping depth, and 30% H SO improved the yield by about 56.45%.The largest pine resin yield is achieved from tapping point of 8 cm depth and 30% H SO that yiled about 90.7 g/tree/collection in average. of 4, 6 and 8 cm and sloping 25°. Three stimulant concentrations (0, 15%, 30%) were brushed in the tapping point and on 3 x 3 factorials in completely randomized design. The first factor is the depth of drilling holes, the second factor is the concentration of H SO stimulant used and reptition of 10 the treatments were repeated 10 times. Experimental