Prolapse of fallopian tube into the vaginal vault following hysterectomy is a rare complication and an underreported clinical entity as well. Cumulative incidence of fallopian tube prolapse is 0.5 and 0.06% with vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy respectively. Histopathology along with good clinical correlation is the only definite way to confirm its diagnosis.

Cysticercosisin humans occurs due to larval infestation of the cestode Taenia solium.It is a common parasitic public health problem especially in developing countries. It can affect any part of the body and can have variety of clinical presentationsthat cancreate diagnostic dilemmas. Herein we report one such unusual manifestation ofthis parasite as breast lump in a 28-year-old female who was suspected as a case of fibroadenoma breast

Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. Developing countries accounted for about 80% of the global burden. This study was conducted to highlight the importance of Pap smear in differentiating premalignant and malignant lesions as well as to clinically correlate to analyze sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for Pap smear. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 500 cervical Pap smears performed, with cyto-histo correlation was done on 130 women with age group 20 to 75 years coming to the cytology and histology section of pathology department, L.N. Medical College and Research Centre, Bhopal, during the time period of 1st Jan 2015 to 31st Dec 2015. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system. Results and Conclusion: Cervix with discharge and bleeding was found to be a common symptom in cervical lesion with other findings of vaginal burning and itching for which Pap smear test was done which was found to be in agreement with sensitive and specificity to histopathological examination for the early detection of different cervical lesions as well as for malignancy with concordance of 75% for normal and infection and 55.5% for CIN1, 100% for CIN 2, 3 and 100% for malignant cases. Out of 500 cases, maximum cases of Pap were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 377cases (75.4%) followed by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 37 (cases (7.4%) (followed by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 6 cases (1.2%) then and minimum number of carcinoma cases 04 (0.8%-including 0.6% of squamous cell carcinoma and 0.2% of adenocarcinoma).

A sea change has occurred in the field of pathology over the past several years. Evolution from a rather narrow discipline mainly concerned with the morphologic expression of disease at the gross and light microscopic level to one encompassing a wider view of how cells and tissues react at the molecular, genetic and immunologic levels is rather fascinating.

Introduction: The simplest and non-invasive procedure for screening tumors of the bladder is assessing urine cytology as it shows high sensitivity for detecting higher grade urothelial lesions. Liquid based cytology (LBC), being a newer technique may be promising in assessing these lesions over conventional cytospin technique. Aim: In the present study, we have assessed and compared the utility of LBC and cytospin preparations in urine cytology. Methods: This study was carried out for a period of one year (June 2014-April 2015) in the Department of Pathology, JIPMER. We have analyzed 150 samples received in the cytology laboratory, which included hemorrhagic, turbid as well as, clear urine samples. Each sample, was processed for both conventional cytospin (CCS) and SurePath LBC techniques. The parameters analyzed were cellularity, cell distribution, cytomorphology, smear background and staining quality. Kappa statistics was used to study the parameters with a p value of <0.05 being taken as ‘significant’. Results: Amongst the parameters studied, cellularity and smear background showed good agreement between LBC and CCS techniques with a kappa value of 0.451 and 0.570 respectively, whereas cell distribution and staining quality showed poor agreement between both methods with a kappa value of 0.044 and 0.008 respectively. With regard to cytomorphology, cytospin method showed better cytomorphologic details even in smaller cells which were darkly stained by LBC method. Conclusion: Liquid based cytology provided an excellent distribution of cells with a cleaner background, while the nuclear morphology is better appreciable with the conventional cytospin technique. There was no significant difference between the two techniques with respect to cellularity and smear background. Therefore, in our experience, the conventional cytospin technique is a better method for routine cytological examination of urine samples than the LBC techniques.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD) wasintroduced nearly a quarter-century ago. Since then, it has been expanding in scope and applications. It is an evolving technique that provides a practical alternative to prenatal diagnosis and preventstermination of pregnancy in couples with a high risk for offspring affected by a sex-linked genetic disease. Early protocols used blastomeres biopsied from cleavage-stage embryos.With further advancements, improved results have started to be seen with biopsy from first and second polar body or early trophectoderm. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis wasfirst carried out using polymerase chainreaction followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Now, newer molecular tools, such as DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing are being tested. This advancement in the field of medicine has not only provided an insight into reproductive genetics and early human development but has also raised important new ethical, legal and social issues about assisted human reproduction in order to avoid inappropriate use of this technology