Chloramphenicol is a widely used topical ointment applied routinely for ocular and periorbital infections due to its wide spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. Local delayed hypersensitivity reaction to chloramphenicol is a well reported but uncommon adverse effect, and has been reported to be mismanaged initially as an infective cellulitis [1]. Hereby, we are reporting a case of local hypersensitivity reaction to chloramphenicol after ocular use for adenexal infection, which was diagnosed with high index of suspicion without any clinical test, and was managed timely and successfully.

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) among glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspects, and normal subjects and to determine its association with glaucoma severity in Nepalese population. Methods: This study included 400 eyes (149 glaucoma, 157 glaucoma suspects, 94 controls) of 400 participants examined in a glaucoma clinic and eye OPD in Nepal. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: CCT was significantly different among the study groups (P = 0.05), with the thinnest CCT in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and thickest in ocular hypertension (OHT). CCT (in µm) was thinner in NTG (519.6 ± 31.6; P = 0.06) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) (524.5 ± 35.8; P = 0.026) than controls (536.6 ± 28.9); and it was thinner in POAG compared to primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) (541.3 ± 50.5; P = 0.028) and OHT (559.8 ± 28.1; P = 0.017). In NTG, CCT was thinner compared to

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a common hereditary auto-inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent and selflimited attacks of serosal inflammation. The disease demonstrates an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Serositis can be observed as abdominal pain (peritonitis), chest pain (pleuritis) and joint pain (arthritis) usually accompanied by fever. The disease is more prevalent among the people living in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. The prevalence ranges from 1/250 to 1/1000 depending upon the geographic locations [1]. Reports of ophthalmological manifestations in FMF are few and include retinal changes, panuveitis, anterior uveitis, scleritis, and episcleritis [2]. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by multiple areas of inflammation and demyelination in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord [3]. Common neuro-ophthalmologic manifestation of MS is unilateral and painful vision loss due to optic neuritis. This is the first manifestation of MS, and usually appears as single-sided retrobulbar optic neuritis. Ocular motor deficits in multiple sclerosis include inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and nystagmus, resulting in diplopia, oscillopsia, blurred vision, loss of stereopsis, and reading fatigue [3].

The term “posterior polar hemispheric choroidal dystrophy” was first used by Yannuzzi to describe the annular, hemispheric loss of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris [1]. Since then, there have been no further reports on this rare condition. Case Report A 71-year-old Japanese woman presented with gradual deterioration of the visual fields in both eyes for the past five years. She did not have a history of previous ocular or systemic illnesses. There was no family history of a similar disease. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.8 and 0.9 in her right and left eyes, respectively. The fundi showed bilateral symmetrical annular bands of depigmentation beginning at the lower part of the optic disc that passed along the course of the lower temporal vessels leading to increased visibility of the choroidal blood vessels (Figure 1). Bone spicule pigmentation of the retina was absent, and there was no evidence of narrowing of the retinal blood vessel. Fundus autofluorescence imaging (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) showed clearly defined hypofluorescent areas that corresponded to the aforementioned lesions (Figure 2). Automated perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyzer model 750; Humphrey Instruments, Inc, Dublin, California) revealed an incomplete ring scotoma that corresponded to the above lesions (Figure 3).

Glaucoma filtering surgery is unusual in that its goal is the creation and maintenance of a non healing fistula between two anatomic spaces that are normally not connected [1]. Fibroblasts, connective tissue elements, cytokines, aqueous humor and the surrounding vascular supply all influence what happens to a bleb over a long period of time. The enemy of drainage procedure is excessive scarring [2].