Diabetes mellitus (DM) or better known as simply diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which high blood sugar levels are maintained over a prolonged period. Long term complications include but not limited to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and ocular damage. There are two main types of diabetes: Type I (T1DM) and Type II (T2DM). In 2013, an estimated 382 million people were diagnosed with diabetes with type 2 accounting for 90% of the cases. Unfortunately, to date, despite significant amount of research there is no known cure except in very specific cases.

Objectives: A patient’s adherence to follow-up (AFU) plays a key role in the implementation of clinical research with respect to cost and validity. Most present studies focus exclusively on some specific steps during clinical research implementation, regardless of the synthetic action of patientsociety-medicine system. The objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the measurements, associated factors and intervention strategies of AFU across a broad spectrum.

Aims: This prospective, observational, pilot study assessed adherence rates of annual dilated fundus examinations (DFEs) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a university-based practice and identified predictors associated with DFE adherence.

Typically when someone loses a sense due to trauma, injury or disease, the loss is considered to be deprivation and the person is often labelled with a disability. Loss of a body part not only impacts functionality but it can also affect the individual cosmetically and, in turn, affects the individual’s psychological and psychosocial wellbeing. Historically, restorative measures towards the sensory loss has focused on the perception that it is a loss, rather than a change that may, in fact, leave the person with a different set of senses as compared with fewer senses. This has been because our understanding of the environment has placed great emphasis on the reliance of sensory feedback [1].

The orbitofrontal fibrous dysplasia is a rare, non-malignant disease that involves the development and thickening of craniofacial bones, causing facial asymmetry, visual, neurological and dental complications. Decreased visual acuity in orbitofrontal and sphenoidal fibrous dysplasia appears as a result of compressive lesions on the optic nerve. The aim of this article is to present the ophthalmologic complications due to the association of two entities that both involved the optic nerve: orbitofrontal fibrous dysplasia associated with a large sphenoid sinus mucocele. We report the case of a 20-years old male patient, who was admitted to the Neurosurgery Unit II of “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iassy, Romania, for headache, sudden decrease in visual acuity of both eyes in the last month, though more markedly in his right eye and facial deformity with right frontal bony bulging.The patient hadn’t in his previous medical history any dermatological or endocrinological diseases.The ophthalmologic examination revealed that the visual acuity of the right eye was hand movements and best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 20/60. Conventional X-ray, CT and MRI investigations showed an orbitofrontal and sphenoidal fibrous dysplasia associated with a large sphenoid sinus mucocele, located in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Two surgical procedures were performed, the first being an attempt to perform a bilateral decompression of the optic nerve and in the second one, was evacuated the large sphenoid sinus mucocele, that compressed the optic chiasm. The first histopathological examination confirmed that the orbitofrontal and sphenoidal lesion had a typical appearance of fibrous dysplasia and the second biopsy revealed a sphenoid sinus mucocele. Six months after the evacuation of the sphenoid sinus mucocele, patient recovered completely his vision only in the left eye (20/20) and the right eye had no light perception, he also developed a peripheral right facial nerve palsy.

The orbitofrontal fibrous dysplasia is a rare, non-malignant disease that involves the development and thickening of craniofacial bones, causing facial asymmetry, visual, neurological and dental complications. Decreased visual acuity in orbitofrontal and sphenoidal fibrous dysplasia appears as a result of compressive lesions on the optic nerve. The aim of this article is to present the ophthalmologic complications due to the association of two entities that both involved the optic nerve: orbitofrontal fibrous dysplasia associated with a large sphenoid sinus mucocele. We report the case of a 20-years old male patient, who was admitted to the Neurosurgery Unit II of “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iassy, Romania, for headache, sudden decrease in visual acuity of both eyes in the last month, though more markedly in his right eye and facial deformity with right frontal bony bulging.The patient hadn’t in his previous medical history any dermatological or endocrinological diseases.The ophthalmologic examination revealed that the visual acuity of the right eye was hand movements and best corrected visual acuity of the left eye was 20/60. Conventional X-ray, CT and MRI investigations showed an orbitofrontal and sphenoidal fibrous dysplasia associated with a large sphenoid sinus mucocele, located in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Two surgical procedures were performed, the first being an attempt to perform a bilateral decompression of the optic nerve and in the second one, was evacuated the large sphenoid sinus mucocele, that compressed the optic chiasm. The first histopathological examination confirmed that the orbitofrontal and sphenoidal lesion had a typical appearance of fibrous dysplasia and the second biopsy revealed a sphenoid sinus mucocele. Six months after the evacuation of the sphenoid sinus mucocele, patient recovered completely his vision only in the left eye (20/20) and the right eye had no light perception, he also developed a peripheral right facial nerve palsy.