Introduction: Amongst healthcare associated infections (HAIs), surgical site infections (SSIs) are a preventable cause of increased morbidity and mortality and are associated with substantial financial costs. SSI rates are an indicator of the quality of surgical and postoperative care, which necessitates the need for robust surveillance systems for these healthcare associated infections. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are at a greater risk for infection due to their relatively older age and the presence of comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus and obesity.

This case report evaluates the management of acute scrotal emergency in two similar cases with presenting complaints and different outcomes post-scrotal exploration. One case of young male discusses the eventual outcome of testicular torsion and importance of urgent exploration combined with careful cord examination, whilst second case was simply a hematocele requiring excision of sac. There is overall discussion of importance of scrotal exploration, even if at times it may not yield any positive findings.

The management of large, impacted upper ureteric calculi remains challenging for urologists. Various treatment options include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URSL), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), laparoscopic and open ureterolithotomy. ESWL has poor overall success rate in the treatment of large stones with a significant possibility of residual fragments. Semi-rigid or flexible ureterorenoscopy with Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy (URSL) has a stone-free rate of 89-100% in managing proximal ureteral calculi [1-7]. However, large and impacted proximal ureteral stones are difficult to approach. PCNL was introduced as an alternative treatment for large renal and proximal ureteric stones and achieved success in the 1980s [8]. The modified version of PCNL using a miniature endoscope by way of a small access tract, can be routinely performed to manage stones in the kidney and proximal.

Background: Hospital environment is a potential reservoir of bacterial pathogens, therefore Burn patients are at high risk of developing nosocomial infection because of their destroyed skin barrier and suppressed immune system, compounded by prolonged hospitalization and invasive therapeutic procedures.

Aim: Pilonidal sinus disease is a surgical disease that usually occurs in young men with sinus tracts in natal cleft. There are also risk factors such as obesity, family history, and hairy body structure and body hygiene. The stage of the disease is also an effective factor in treatment planning. In our study, we performed a retrospective analysis according to the staging system of the patients we operated for pilonidal sinus.