Introduction: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a consequence of rubella infection that can occur when the virus is transmitted in utero during maternal primary infection. It still affects 110,000 children around the world. It has a wide spectrum of presentation which ranges from silent viremia to spontaneous abortions, blindness, deafness, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation.

Introduction: Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a relatively rare disease in which an obstruction of hepatic venous outflow causes intrahepatic venous congestion and portal hypertension. Surgical treatment is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been applied to patients with BCS and it has shown a favorable outcome.

Recent evidences in the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) confi rmed the importance of pre-participation cardiovascular screening in athletes to early identify, and further disqualify from the competition, all the athletes, if any, affected by life-threatening serious cardiac pathologies that can lead to SCD [1-2]. At present, there is no consensus regarding the optimal strategy for athletes’ pre-participation screening. However, previous data showed that adding the ECG to pre-participation screening evaluation increased the accuracy to detect an underlying cardiovascular disease, in comparison with physical examination and medical history alone [3-4]. In the past, different criteria have been proposed, so a team of experts in sports cardiology aimed to standardize the criteria in ECG interpretation, in order to achieve the maximum sensibility and to improve the specifi city, because of the number of false positive is strictly related with the type of criteria and the experience of the operators.

A thymectomy is the surgical removal of the thymus gland. The thymus has been demonstrated to play a role in the development of MG. It is removed in an effort to improve the weakness caused by MG, and to remove a thymoma if present.About 10% of MG patients have a tumor of the thymus called a thymoma. Most of these tumors are benign and tend to grow very slowly; on occasion they are malignant (“cancerous”).A thymectomy is recommended for patients under the age of 60 (occasionally older) with moderate to severe MG weakness. It is sometimes recommended for patients with relatively mild weakness, especially if there is weakness of the respiratory (breathing) or oropharyngeal (swallowing) muscles. It is also recommended for all patients with a thymoma. A thymectomy is usually not recommended for patients with weakness limited to the eye muscles (ocular myasthenia gravis). The neurological goals of a thymectomy are signifi cant improvement in the patient’s weakness, reduction in the medications being employed, and ideally eventually a permanent remission (complete elimination of all weakness off all medications). There are three basic surgical approaches transternal, transcervical and videoscopic[VATS] thymectomy each with several variations. Regardless of the technique employed, the surgical goal is to remove the entire thymus. Many believe this should include removal of the adjacent fat; others are less sure.Here we give our study report of comparision between full sternotomy against ministernotomy thymectomy patients preopt, intraopt and postopt factors, fifteen patients each in two group with ten year experience.

Objective: Discussing whether occurs reperfusion malignant ventricular arrhythmia by intravenous injecting metoprolol before the intervention treatment of Left Anterior Descending (LAD) of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and observing the change of heart rate.