Aim: The purpose of this randomized double-blinded study is to compare the safety and efficacy of two different concentrations of ketofol on the intraoperative hemodynamics, respiration, bispectral index values and post-anesthesia recovery profiles in morbid obese patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy.

The perioperative management of children undergoing corrective spinal surgery is challenging. The major challenges include the extensive nature of surgery, associated comorbidities and the need for neurophysiological monitoring to diagnose any form of intra-operative neurological insult. The pre-operative functional status and the intra-operative events could dictate the requirement for post-operative mechanical ventilation.

Fascial plane blocks have become quite popular in the present practice of regional anaesthesia. Transverses abdominal plane (TAP) block, quadratus lumborum (QL), serratus anterior plane (SAP) block, pectoralis block (PECS 1/ 2), rectus sheath and adductor canal block are quite easy to perform with ultrasonographic (USG) guidance. The anaesthesiologist identifies the muscles and the relevant fascial plane to inject the local anaesthetic (LA) in the desired plane under USG guidance. Current prospective and observational studies have shown that these are quite effective as a single injection and can be used for continuous analgesia with an indwelling catheter in the fascial plane. All fascial plane blocks are transmuscular injections i.e. the needle has to reach the target plane by piercing the adjoining muscles. There are high chances of LA injection in the muscle or spillage of LA in the substance of muscle especially after high volume LA injections. The possibility is more when an anaesthesiologist has recently learnt a fascial plane block and is applying it in clinical practice. The myotoxicity could be more profound in continuous LA infusions where the muscle will get continuously exposed to LA.