The incidence of caesarean section (C/S) is increasing up to 40% even in many developed countries [1]. General and regional anesthesia techniques are used for providing anesthesia in C/S. Epidural anesthesia ensures better control of sensory level as compared to spinal anesthesia and provides better postoperative analgesia. However, it is easier and faster to perform spinal anesthesia. It may produce more intense motor block, and as the amount of local anesthetic is lower, there is less risk for systemic toxicity [2]. On the other hand, post puncture headache is a common complication following spinal anesthesia.

Background: Laparoscopic surgeries are most commonly performed surgeries. However, they are associated with increased incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Background: To compare the Adequacy of combined lumbosacral plexus block over subarachnoid block and epidural in terms of motor blockade and sensory blockade, surgeon and patient satisfaction and time for first rescue analgesia for unilateral elective hip surgeries.Materials and methods:A single centred randomized, single blinded study, conducted between May2017 to October 2018, on 60 patients undergoing elective unilateral hip surgeries with 20 patients in each group (group I -combined lumbar and sacral plexus block, Group II - Epidural & Group III- Subarachnoid block). Patients belonging to American society of anaesthesiologists, physical status 1 & 2, aged between 18 – 60 years were enrolled for the study and distributed randomly into one of the three groups. Adequacy of block in terms of motor and sensory blockade, patient and surgeon satisfaction and time for first analgesia were noted.

Postoperative pain control is an important factor affecting patient recovery, return to normal bowel movement, ambulation and daily activity. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) which allows the patient to administer his own pain relief is considered as an efficient tool to control postoperative pain. Safety of IV-PCA relies on the concept of negative feedback control system so that the patient will become too sedated to physically push the button to receive more opioid before reaching a critical point of severe respiratory depression [1].

The prevalence of congenital heart disease is about 8 to 10 case per 1000 live births and is a major cause of increased mortality and morbidity in pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Therefore safe anesthesia and adequate recovery should be provided. It is important to determine the patient’s risk score in the preoperative period. However, the risk assessment tools have a limited prediction for increased mortality and morbidity of non-cardiac surgery. The most important point in determining the anesthesia method is to be aware of the latest situation both anatomically and physically about the circulation of patient and to create the specific planning. In these patients, the aim of maintenance of anesthesia is to increase arterial oxygen saturation by increasing pulmonary blood flow. Thus the use of appropriate anesthesia and monitoring methods through multidisciplinary decision-making and planning, as well as the identification of high-risk patients based on risk classification, may reduce mortality and morbidity in the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.