The provision of water and sanitation globally, is threatened by climate change and pollution. Many industrialized and developing countries alike are struggling to achieve universal safe water coverage of 100% piped water connection to households and adequate sanitation. Water scarcity has imposed burden on women in their daily lives. Inadequate sanitation and outbreaks of infections have affected the health of the general population in Africa, Kenya in particular. Further to the above background, this study endeavored to establish the overall influence of determinants of implementation of water and sanitation programme in Maseno Division of Kisumu West Sub-county. Anchored on the role’s theory, the target population for the study was 31600 households. From this, a sample size of 380 respondents plus one water company manager and two field officers was drawn for Maseno division under study. Data was collected through questionnaire forms administered by research assistants. Pilot testing of the study was administered at Manyatta slums in Kisumu Central Sub-county. To uphold the content validity, the contents of qualitative data was discussed with the supervisors before conclusions and generalizations were made. Reliability was tested by Kunder-Richardson(K-R)20 formula based on the split half reliabilities of data from all possible halves of instruments. Quantitative approaches using statistical package namely frequencies, means and percentages were analyzed and presented in tables.

On the history of Civil Engineering there’s been an improvement on the search for developing and implementation of cost reduction innovative techniques, raising the productivity and lessening Environment damages, that interest has a fast growth according to time and has become even more imperative on modern constructions. Those methods are based on the shortening between the concept project and the execution, eliminating unnecessary projects, wastage thus raising the reliability and safety. On of those techniques, which reaches all the desired benefits and has been calling huge interest is the 3D Printing on the building process, this technique is already on advanced stages in countries as Holland, although in Brazil is still a subject under initial research. Based on that information, through a bibliometrics study this article gathers the up growing number of publications on such topic and also the researchers with greater efforts on developing the subject through publications.

Performance of internal combustion engine (ICE) is chiefly dependent on the supply rate and hence, in-flow velocitythrough the intake manifold. Fresh charge through the intake manifold experiences velocity gradient due togeometric constraints and fluid resistance [1]. The reduction in flow velocity causes incomplete delivery before the complete closure of intake port. This study uses unidirectional transient velocity model to determine time required for complete charge delivery into the crankcase/cylinder in two stroke spark ignition engines. Finite difference scheme is employed to approximate the model for unsteady non-uniform flow. A bench work involving measurements of the average flow rates at different intake pressures and engine speeds is conducted using a ported operated single cylinder two-stroke spark ignition C12-HS engine utilizing pre-mixed fuel. It is observed that at low engine speeds and intake pressures, flow is predominantly non-uniform requiring about1.5 to 6.5 ms for maximum delivery, while unsteady condition dominates the flow at higher speeds and manifold pressures with maximum delivery occurring at about 1.25 ms; which tends to agree reasonably with the intake manifold design of Singh for axial velocity against manifold axial position [2], as well as the result of Jasen et al. [3], on runner length against engine speed.

On the history of Civil Engineering there’s been an improvement on the search for developing and implementation of cost reduction innovative techniques, raising the productivity and lessening Environment damages, that interest has a fast growth according to time and has become even more imperative on modern constructions. Those methods are based on the shortening between the concept project and the execution, eliminating unnecessary projects, wastage thus raising the reliability and safety. On of those techniques, which reaches all the desired benefits and has been calling huge interest is the 3D Printing on the building process, this technique is already on advanced stages in countries as Holland, although in Brazil is still a subject under initial research. Based on that information, through a bibliometrics study this article gathers the up growing number of publications on such topic and also the researchers with greater efforts on developing the subject through publications.

Novel thin films V2O5 @TeO2 prepared with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) by hydrothermal method at (160oC) were fabricated successfully on glass substrates. Also, used as the parameters to control morphology by hydrothermal technique. At room temperature and annealing by tubular quartz furnace at temperature (473,673) K for 8 hours with air. Their NO2 gas sensing properties were examined at a different annealing temperature and showed promising sensitivity and response towards tested gas. The polycrystalline nature of the obtained films was confirmed by XRD diffraction. Surface morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy FESEM, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy AFM. After annealing, the roughness of the surface and the mean grain size were increased annealing temperature