Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are well known regulatory factor of physiological and developmental processes, it has been revealed that many miRNAs contribute the initiation and progression of various cancers. Micro RNAs are being reported in body fluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine, and can be readily used as non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases and served as a novel diagnostic and prognostic tools. Recently, microRNAs are considered as a powerful biomarker in HIV-related studies [1-3]. So this short Commendatory will explain information about the role of micro RNAs in HIV related

Background: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) is a set of interventions that contribute in reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother (parents) to the child. The infant feeding choice in the HIV context remains a key item of PMTCT. This study aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of children followed by the Mingha / PMTCT program in the Dschang Health District (DHD) during 09 years of activities. We used a descriptive study based on retrospective data from an intervention conducted at the DHD between 2003 and 2011 on a group of mother-child pairs in the PMTCT (Mingha/PMTCT) facilitation program. The intervention was the formula feeding given to the children from birth till 18 months. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS Version 18 software.

The protease inhibitors are potent antiretroviral drugs because the protease activity is absolutely essential for production of infectious viruses. The newest class of drugs is the fusion inhibitors that blocks virus entry into cells. Persistent virus production is facilitated further by sub-inhibitory drug levels in infected cells or by host immune failure. Therefore, pre-existing or newly produced drug resistant mutants can emerge that have a selective advantage under drug pressure. These escape mutants become dominant in the virus population and lead to viral rebound and therapy failure. This review provides knowledge for improvement of antiretroviral drug administration programmes.

Background: The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on a high level of adherence to a life-long regimen of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Adherence is a concern in children because of factors relating to children such as age, disclosure status of HIV sero- status, and understanding of the medication. Few studies have determined the level of adherence of ART among children since the scale-up of access to ARVs in the study areas. This study was thus undertaken to determine the level of ART adherence among pediatric pat ients at an ART clinic, the reasons for non-adherence, and the factors associated with adherence, according to mothers/caregivers’ reports.