Background: Hepatitis and HIV are the most common co-infections in tuberculosis (TB) patients and may have an effect on the liver enzymes in these co-infected TB patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV in patients infected with TB in Western Cameroon and assess the effects of co-infection on their liver function. Materials and Methods: All TB infected patients referred to the Tuberculosis Research centres, from November 2014 to July 2015, and who gave their consent were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) & Hepatitis C virus (VHC) antibodies using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). HIV infection was confi rmed using a combination of two rapid tests, namely, Combaids and Tridot. All HIV positive patients were on antiretroviral therapy during the study period. The data was entered and analysed using statistical Package for social sciences 21 (SPSS– 21), and the means and proportions were calculated. Results: Of the 189 tuberculosis patients recruited in this study, HBsAg were detected in 24 (12.7%), anti-VHC antibodies in 8 (4.23%), HIV antibodies in 62 (32.8.0%), HBsAg and anti-VHC antibodies in 1 (0.53%), HBsAg and HIV antibodies in 9 (4.9%), and anti-VHC and HIV antibodies in 2 (1.1%). Estimation of liver enzymes in all co-infected and TB patients showed that a substantial proportion of our patients had normal ALP and GGT levels whereas a substantial proportion of our patients had abnormal levels of ALT and AST with patients having up to two to three-fold. All the study groups had higher baseline AST and ALT values with VHB co-infected groups having the biggest mean values. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C coinfection was fairly high in this largely heterosexual population supporting the use of more careful screening methods for these viruses in tuberculosis persons in these regions. High levels of transaminases were found in our study population suggesting that all TB patient should be screened for VHB, VHC and HIV infections, then monitored carefully following the initiation of therapy.

Trichinellosis is an important food borne parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes in the world. From 1967 to 2013, six outbreaks of trichinellosis have been documented in four mountainous provinces of North Vietnam. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of association of individual factors with current human Trichinellosis in endemic areas. Baseline cross-sectional data collected between May 2015 and June 2016 from a large community randomized-control trial were used. We interviewed a total of 4,362 individuals who provided serum samples to assess ELISA assay to detect anti-Trichinella immunoglobulin G. The association between individual factors and the prevalence of current infection with Trichinellosis was analysis by Stata 12.0. The results obtained suggest that increasing age, being male and consuming pork as well as a larger proportion of roaming pigs, are at higher risk of infection. Furthermore, consuming pork at another village market had the highest increased prevalence odds of current infection. A survey of trichinellosis seroprevalence in these fi ve districts showed the disease to be associated with consuming raw pork (OR=2.84, p<0.05). Seroprevalence was estimated with 95% confi dence and was in the range 0%-10.5%. For control of trichinellosis to be improved, the factors identifi ed as infl uencing its maintenance in the study areas must be communicated to the local administrative organizations and veterinary and public health offices.

A retrospective case-series study was carried out on 21 patients undergoing postoperative infection following a hip replacement at Vietnam – Germany University Hospital from January 2013 to September 2016. This study were also selected the case for inclusion of the main clinical and paraclinical characteristics of periprosthetic hip joint infection (PJI). The results showed that 47.6% of the cases occurred in the early stage following the Fritzgerald’s classifi cation. Restriction of hip joint movements occurred in 86% of the cases. The incidence of infl ammation around the incision was 100% and fi stula of hip joint was 95%. The sedimentation rate increased in 100% of the cases, with an average value of 53±26.8 mm. More than a quarter of the patients had positive bacterial culture results, of which almost half were Staphylococcus aureus. The clinical and subclinical characteristics of PJI in this study were quite typical and similar to previous studies. The mainly indexes supporting the diagnosis such as the elevated CRP level, the elevated synovial-fl uid leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophils were consistent with infection and the culture of fl uid results. It is very necessary based on the results of bacterial culture tests to be conducted regularly for postoperative follow-up and antibiotics.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is Gram-positive bacteria responsible for causing diphtheria in human and once regarded for high mortalities worldwide. The fatality gradually decreased with improved living standards and further alleviated when many immunization programs were introduced. Public infectious diseases have positively been controlled by vaccination, yet, the importance of vaccination usually remained unnoticed for the adults. Many of the under-development vaccines are directed towards the childhood immunization. However, numerous drug-resistant strains emerged recently that consequently decreased the effi ciency of current therapeutics and vaccines, thereby obliging the scientifi c community to start investigating new therapeutic targets in pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we try to put together a short information regarding pathogenesis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and reported vaccine till the date. Furthermore, we highlighted the emerging technique for identifi cation of new therapeutic targets.

Objectives: 1) Describe the arthroscopic image of infected osteoarthritis of knee; 2) Evaluate the result of arthroscopic treatment for infected osteoarthritis of knee Patients and method: Retrospective study 33 patients underwent arthroscopic treatment for infected osteoarthritis of knee in Hanoi Medical University Hospital from 2009 to 2013 Results: 1st stage of osteoarthritis occupied 36.4%; 45.5%, 12.1% and 6% for 2nd, 3rd and 4th respectively. According to Bussier classifi cation, the excellent and good result is 72.7%; moderate is 21.2% and bad result is 6.1%. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment for infected osteoarthritis of knee give good result.

An epidemiological review of toxocariasis aimed to underpin its prevalence, proclivity and prognosis was undertaken. Human toxocariasis constitutes one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide, which is more prevalent in developing and tropical countries. Human infection is caused by ingesting the eggs which were shed in the faeces of the defi nite dog or cat host. There is a range of clinical manifestations of toxocariasis in human, but the two classical clinical syndromes often described are visceral and ocular larva migrans. The clinical signs and complications which result from infection with this parasite are mostly dependent on the number and migration locations of Toxocara larvae. Visual identifi cation of larvae in tissues and organs is the gold standard for toxocariasis diagnosis in human, while an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay detecting Imunoglobulin-G antibodies against Toxocara excretory-secretory antigen is the reference test for immunodiagnosis. In human, loss of vision, hypereosinophilia, encephalitis and problems involving the liver, lung and the central nervous system are the most important complications. Poor hygiene, poverty and lack of education can exacerbate the exposure to Toxocara infection. Albendazole is the treatment of choice for toxocariasis. Conclusively, the present review recommends that regular stool examination and frequent chemotherapy of pets can be effective in reducing the egg number deposited in soil; reducing the number of pet animals or limiting contacts of small children with them and good hygiene practices will limit transmission of toxocariasis.