Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Development of Liver Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients | | Author : Gaofeng Cai, Yongdi Chen*, Li Li*, Biao Zhou*, Chonggao Hu*, Yanhong Yu, Mengxin Xu, Qiaolu Hong, Zhengting Wang, Kui Liu, Zhifang Wang, Zhenggang Jiang and Jun Yao | | Abstract | Full Text | Abstract :Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are main reasons for the development of liver cirrhosis (LC) on a worldwide scale. Chronic HBV infection is a main reason for the development of LC in high-risk areas, for example, China and Africa, whereas chronic HCV infection is a main reason in developed countries. In China, the harm of LC is serious, and 30 million of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is the major source of LC and the one-year cumulative incidence rate of LC in CHB patients was 2.1% - 6%. The risk factors of the development of LC in CHB patients reported were controversial. |
| Influenza outbreaks with a focus on closed psychiatric units: A review article | | Author : Pradeep Kumar Mada*, Daniel Alexander Saldaña Koppel, Gabriel Castano, Matthew E Malus, Sharon Adley NP, Denise Taylor RN and Mohammad Alam | | Abstract | Full Text | Abstract :2018 is a year to remember as we passed 100 years from the most catastrophic event in recorded
history: the 1918 infl uenza pandemic. After that, we encountered three more infl uenza pandemics in
1957, 1968 and 2009. In 2018, Infl uenza season has been worse than recent previous seasons. Infl uenza activity in this year is comparable to 2009 H1N1 pandemic taking a terrible toll. Infl uenza, an acute
respiratory illness caused by different strains of infl uenza A or B virus that occurs in outbreaks and
epidemics worldwide. Psychiatric units represent a unique challenge for infl uenza outbreaks because
they are closed units, and hygienic measures are harder to implement due to patient mental conditions.
Early diagnosis and timely interventions are essential to decrease the burden of the disease. As a general recommendation, all persons older than six months without a contraindication should receive annual infl uenza vaccination, especially populations at a higher risk of medical complications. |
|
|