Starting from the categorical defi nitions of “depressive disorders”, we proceeded to list the individual forms provided by the DSM-V, with a particular focus on historical, clinical, neurobiological and therapeutic profi les, concluding the analysis of the possible strategies to be used to fi nalize the resolutions to problems arising from the disorder in question.

Although the association between Job Satisfaction (JS) and depression has been reported at a global level, relatively little is known about that relationship in terms of specifi c aspects of JS and subtypes of depression. To investigate this issue, eighty-eight employed participants from rural Australia answered questionnaires about JS and depression, plus background factors such as hours worked at paid employment and at unpaid employment. Data were analysed at total JS and depression score level and also for specifi c JS aspects and four subtypes of depression, as well as specifi c depressive symptoms. There were signifi cant correlations between participants’ dissatisfaction with the hours they worked at paid employment and global depression, and also for depressed mood and Somatic depression. Specifi c depressive symptoms related to hours worked included feeling downhearted and blue and having trouble sleeping at night. There was also some evidence of an interaction between participants’ dissatisfaction with hours worked and their ability to complete non-paid work responsibilities. Identifi cation of the pathways between specifi c aspects of JS and particular subtypes and symptoms of depression suggests possible interventions that may be focussed upon those depression symptoms and/or differential allocation of work hours within the workplace.

The study of animal behavior in the laboratory environment aims to promote welfare and minimize the discomfort of animals during scientifi c tests. This knowledge is important to understand social interactions and develop methods of environmental enrichment, thus increasing the quality of life of animals housed in the laboratory. The goal this study was evaluated the individual and social behavior and infl uence in the anxiety or depression-like condition in mouse during aggressive behavior and compared with social isolation in the animal facilities.

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients since the early stages of the disease. Although the presence of these symptoms is widely recognized, the beginning and the psychological mechanisms at the basis of these disorders have rarely been examined in detail. This observational study aims to assess the presence of emotional distress in the early stages of the disease in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (MS-RR) and to check similarities and dissimilarities with a shared conceptual framework: the “curve of change” of the Kubler-Ross model.