Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and is usually associated with numerical and structural chromosomal changes. The correlations of specifi c cytogenetic fi ndings with presenting clinical features indicate the prognostic signifi cance of chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in patients with ALL.

Background: Since 2013, Tenofovir (TDF) and Zidovudine (AZT) based regimen are alternatively used as a fi rst line for treatment of HIV in Tanzania. CD4+ cells count, which is recommended after every six months monitors the immunological progression, and used as one of the indicators of treatment progression. However, there is little literature available information to compare the immunological outcomes of these two regimens.

Clinical physicians believe they are drowning . . . because they are! Between complying with an ever-changing landscapeof time-wasting federal regulations, avoiding Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act violations, plus the entire billing process, who can keep up with the literature, study a patient’s medical history, or even talk with a patient?

When it comes to medical errors, everyone cites the statistics provided by the Institute of Medicine. The statistics is provided continually by the American Medical Community and refl ects their tendency in reducing medical errors and increasing the level of patient safety [1-4]. However, most countries in the world try to hide the ineffi ciency of the members of their health care team, especially physicians [5-8]. The term “medical error” is associated with medical ineffi ciency, but its defi nition indicates the possibility of an error by any member of the health care team, including the physician and nurse [9]. Therefore, it is suggested that the term “Health care error” be used to refer to care ineffi ciency by any members of the care team, regardless of their particular fi eld of specialty, whereas fi eld oriented terms like “nursing errors” or “medical errors” could be used to indicate errors happening in any specifi c subfi elds of health care. With this reasoning, the phrase “medical errors” that has been used in this text, would refer to the errors related to medical discipline.

To check the tobacco menace, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) was introduced by the Government of India. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of tobacco retailers regarding COTPA regulations. A cross sectional study was undertaken during May-September, 2017 among 84 tobacco retailers from 11 slums of Bhubaneswar city. Using a structured schedule, relevant data were collected, analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software and expressed as percentages. Most of the retailers had no knowledge regarding different sections of COTPA regulations such as minimum age of a person to whom tobacco products can be sold, minimum distance for opening a tobacco shop from educational institution, penalty for not displaying board stating “sale of tobacco products to minor is a punishable offence” etc. It highlights the need for educating slum retailers regarding COTPA regulations which is important for controlling the tobacco epidemic.

The transcendence of psychological factors of the doctor-patient relationship is given by the fact of its influence on results and quality of medical care, improvement in compliance, satisfaction and recall of physician information, and plays a fundamental role in the medical care process: the skills Listening and communication are fundamental parts to make the diagnosis and treatment. Some of these positive consequences arise from the fact that relationships are linked to emotions which have a physiological substrate. The different psychological behaviors of the patient and the doctor (such as verbal and nonverbal communication, affective behavior, beliefs, empathy, listening), symptom perception, shared decision, negotiation, information, persuasion, etc., give different types of relationship. In doctor-patient relationship there is a modality of psychotherapy, where the treatment is based on that relationship, in which the general practitioner and the patient work together to improve psychopathological conditions through the focus on the therapeutic relationship, which brings consequences on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The therapeutic function of the doctor-patient relationship can be understood in analogy to dialysis, in which the patient experience of illness passes through the clinician’s compassionate equanimity for affective detoxification and cognitive clarification. Also, the work of the general practitioner can be understood as a psycho-physiological doctor-patient relationship process through which the doctor and the patient can influence the health of the other. Doctor-patient relationship evaluation has to be carried out jointly by both, doctor and patient, on the effect that both are achieving with that relationship.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of cardiovascular risk factors, including visceral obesity, low HDL cholesterol level, increased triglycerides, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. This sequence of risk factors contributes towards the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and diabetes mellitus. Sedentarism is not widely studied. This habit is a determinant factor for chronic or acute diseases. This study tests the hypothesis of the association between overall sedentarism, including professional work, travel and leisure and the MS, in adult men and women in Salvador, Bahia.

Introduction: Ensuring access to quality caesarean sections (CS) is a challenge for the next millennium and a sustainable development goal to reduce maternal and infant mortality. A CS involves risks and complications and should therefore be performed in an approved way and not used excessively. The WHO recommends that the CS rate should not exceed 10–15%. Approximately 99% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries where efforts to reduce maternal deaths are still low. This review of the literature aims to provide a summary of CS practices in sub-Saharan Africa and the consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality.