WHO (World Health Organization) has fixed the target of zero grade 2 (G2D) deformity among pediatric leprosy patients and reduction of new leprosy cases with G2D to less than one case per million population, to be achieved by 2020. It has also mentioned the performing indicators to evaluate the progress of leprosy control program. We undertook this study to find out what changes the leprosy clinic at our hospital had witnessed in terms of the WHO performance indicators and whether we had progressed toward reaching the goal fixed by WHO. The important indicators such as number of new cases, percentage of MB cases, child cases, and G2D cases were examined from the year 2012-13 to 2016-17. Although a significant reduction in G2D cases, MB cases and child cases were noted, which is quite encouraging, yet the numbers of annual new cases detected remained almost static during the study period, indicating persistence of active transmission of infection and the need for augmented active surveillance (leprosy case detection campaign), contact tracing, community awareness, stigma reduction and training.

Introduction: Aedes mosquito is one of the mosquito species that are most studied because of their potential as vector of dengue and such information can be used to design an effective control measures for campuses. Objective: To study the Aedes breeding sites using the container survey method and to recommend control measures in controlling the Aedes breeding sites. Methodology: The container survey study was carried out in the campus of a Rural health training centre campus which spreads over 30 acres with rich plantation and trees all around. All natural and artificial containers in the vicinity of the campus and reachable tree holes were examined during the survey. The number, type and water condition of containers that may serve as potential breeding sites were examined and recorded. Larvae collection was carried out indoors (interior of the building) and outdoors (outside of the building but confined to its immediate vicinity within the campus limits) by using pre-designed questionnaire. Larva identification was done by motility Pattern. Result: The survey included study of 359 common breeding sites such as cooler, Plastic storage containers, unused plastic waste, cement tanks, syntax tanks, earthen pots, plant pots, solid waste and others in 13 sites and 3 out of the 359 containers contained Aedes larvae. Conclusion: The RHTC management should Practise Integrated Vector Management (IVM) recommended by WHO in the campus. An IVM approach takes into account the available health infrastructure and resources, and integrates all available and effective measures, whether chemical, biological or environmental.

Introduction: Workplace plays an important role in the lives of not only workers but also their dependents and families. Therefore, it is very important to consider safety and health in every workplace. However, the health and safety standards in Bhutan is still at a premature stage. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the overall occupational health and safety situation in the country to better understand the level of occupational safety and health standards in the country. Methods: All the enterprises in Bhutan, who had constituted a health and safety committee in 2016 to 2017 were considered. Structured questioners were used for assessing and evaluating the health and safety standards at the workplace. Results: The study found that the health and safety standards have improved however, improved marginally with the higher percentage of improvement falling in the fair practice of health and safety at their workplace. Conclusion: The Department of Labour plays a pivotal role in taking leadership and educating employers, employees, the general public on workplace safety and health. Therefore, it is important for the Department to rigorously enforce the safety and health standards in the companies. Further, the management of the companies also needs to ensure commitment and leadership for implementation of workplace safety and health.

Introduction: Workplace plays an important role in the lives of not only workers but also their dependents and families. Therefore, it is very important to consider safety and health in every workplace. However, the health and safety standards in Bhutan is still at a premature stage. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the overall occupational health and safety situation in the country to better understand the level of occupational safety and health standards in the country. Methods: All the enterprises in Bhutan, who had constituted a health and safety committee in 2016 to 2017 were considered. Structured questioners were used for assessing and evaluating the health and safety standards at the workplace. Results: The study found that the health and safety standards have improved however, improved marginally with the higher percentage of improvement falling in the fair practice of health and safety at their workplace. Conclusion: The Department of Labour plays a pivotal role in taking leadership and educating employers, employees, the general public on workplace safety and health. Therefore, it is important for the Department to rigorously enforce the safety and health standards in the companies. Further, the management of the companies also needs to ensure commitment and leadership for implementation of workplace safety and health.

Apparently healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of < 20 weeks were interviewed about sociodemographic details, marital history, antenatal history and presence of domestic violence. Of the 428 pregnant women, 31.3% suffered from domestic violence. Emotional and verbal abuse (58.2%) was the most common form. Women with younger age at marriage and with assisted conception were at a higher risk for suffering from domestic violence. Pregnant wives of men with a lower level of education, unemployment or employment as unskilled labourers and addiction to alcohol and tobacco were at higher risk for domestic violence.

Apparently healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of < 20 weeks were interviewed about sociodemographic details, marital history, antenatal history and presence of domestic violence. Of the 428 pregnant women, 31.3% suffered from domestic violence. Emotional and verbal abuse (58.2%) was the most common form. Women with younger age at marriage and with assisted conception were at a higher risk for suffering from domestic violence. Pregnant wives of men with a lower level of education, unemployment or employment as unskilled labourers and addiction to alcohol and tobacco were at higher risk for domestic violence.