Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s) in the World are small and, more often than not, badly managed. In fact, the total area of MPA’s is not bigger than that of South Africa. However, if we remove MPA’s where some kind of traditional fishing is allowed that total is about the size of Holland – which means next to zero [1].

The aim of the present study was to determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics and to characterize the fishery of Geray reservoir. Three sites from the inlet site, the open water and the outlet has been selected and samples were collected using YSI 556MPS model multimeter and Palin test photometer 5000 .Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, Total Dissolved Solid, conductivity, secchi disk measurement, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, ammonia and turbidity were the parameters measured. Plankton sample collected using 55 and 80 micrometer mesh net. The most abund taxon was copepoda (666 ind. /m3 of water with their juvenile stages “Nauplia” or contributed 85% of total zooplankton taxa), which was followed by Cladocera (190 inds. /m3 or 15%). Among the 3 study sites the open water site showed higher density of zooplankton, especially cyclopod followed by outlet site.The inlet site was relatively low in zooplankton density. Cyprinus carpio, Varicorhinus Beso, Carasius Auratus and Oreochromis niloticus were species found in the reservoir. Almost all the physical and chemical parameters sampled of this reservoir water were within desirable limits for aquatic biodiversity the current state of the water quality of the reservoir is conducive for fish production. But the current management is not good for its sustainability, knowingly or unknowingly the activities done on and around the reservoir will shorten the sustainable utilization of the reservoir. The community should be awaked while they are starting to overexploit the resource.

As the global population increases, demand for food, most especially protein will increase. Production from fisheries is crucial for food security in the face of current population increase. Despite the reliability on fisheries and aquaculture to supply the animal protein needed by the world population, climate change has significantly reduced production and increase instability in the sector. In order to achieve food security and fisheries development goal, climate smart aquaculture which is an adaptation to climate change and lower emission intensities per output will be necessary. This review therefore discusses climate smart aquaculture as veritable approach to increasing fish production in the face of climate change trend in Nigeria. A number of changes already evident can be attributed to climate change; drastic change in weather condition, eduction in water levels, changes in hydrological regimes of inland water, heavy wind storm, excessive sunshine, increased incidence of flooding and drought. The effects of these changes have resulted in changes in ocean fish productivity, fish disease infestation and reduction of production from inland and aquaculture systems.

The South China Sea is one of the most abundant fishery areas in the world, which is a typical multi fish species area. The South China Sea Fisheries can be divided into four parts, the northern continental shelf offshore fisheries, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao and Nansha Qundao coral reef fisheries, the northern slope fisheries and Southern Ocean, rising flow fisheries. In recent years, the ecological environment of the South China Sea has been severely damaged, resulting in the fisheries resources becoming poor increasingly, in the meantime, there exist other problems, such as the effect and validity of unilateral management of the fishery resources is still limited, bilateral and multilateral cooperation are not yet mature. Therefore, to strengthen the multilateral cooperation is the effective way for the development of fishery resources in the South China Sea. In order to avoid disputes, as a large marine ecosystem, the South China Sea with the ecosystem approach as a guide for cooperation, while carrying on the multilateral cooperation, shall keep in line with the characteristics of the fisheries resources. In the process of practical cooperation, we shall conclude the multilateral cooperation treaty, implement the fishing dynamic monitoring system in the South China Sea, establish the conservation organizations on fishery cooperation and promote the development of leisure fishery in South China Sea vigorously.

A study of crabs was conducted at eight hill streams, located in three different districts of Bangladesh, during January to December, 2012 with a view to assess the availability and to studythe taxonomy of freshwater crabs. The study investigated species diversity which includes their taxonomic description, biometric data, habitat, ecological note, distribution, and ecological role. The specimens were collected in different times covering the major seasons rounded the year by using various fishing gears such as cast net, push net, dip net, seine net and trap. A total four species of freshwater crabs under two families (Potamidae and Grapsidae) were recorded. The identified four crabs were Sartoriana spinigera, Sartoriana trilobata, Labothelphusa wood-masoni and Pyxidognathus fluviatilis. Among these the first three were under the family Potamidae and the last one under the family Garapsidae. Sartoriana trilobata was the dominant species in the hill streams of Bangladesh.

The present study has been carried out the effect of leaf extract of Melia azedarach at different concentration, such as 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g formulated diet against 0.1 ml of CFU/ ml 105 cells Aeromonas hydrophila on catla catla. The physiological parameters, such as Survival and Mortality, Antibody response, Phagocytic activity, Oxygen consumption, opercular movement, and Growth rate were studied. Result revealed that control fish showed 60% mortality and 20%, mortality at 1.0g concentration of plant extract, 10% mortality at 1.5g concentration of plant extract 30% mortality at 2.0g concentration of plant extract was observed. The maximum level of physiological activity Survival and Mortality, Antibody response, Phagocytic activity, Oxygen consumption, opercular movement, and Growth rate was recorded at 1.5g of plant extract formulated diet treated fish. When compared with control, However physiological parameters was significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared with control.

The black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron is a very hardy species, particularly notable for its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental salinities. The impact of environmental salinity on reproductive traits has been well documented in this species under natural conditions, but few studies have been experimentally conducted to prove such a relationship. This study assessed the effects of different salinities on the reproductive traits of S. melanotheron in experimental conditions. The number of spawning eggs as well as the mean number and frequency of incubation showed significant relationships with ambient salinity. The average number of incubations and spawning eggs were lower in hypersaline water (70 psu) compared the freshwater (0 psu) and seawater (35 psu). However the egg quality, as measured by the percentage of black eggs, was higher in hypersaline water. These variations in reproductive traits do not reflect genetic differences among individuals because fish used in common garden experiments were obtained by natural breeding from couples, the initial brood stock of which was from the same wild population. The results therefore confirm findings of previous studies in natural habitats, where variations in salinity are associated with differences in reproductive traits among populations. The lower number and frequent incubations recorded in hypersaline water could be an adaptive response to sustain the population dynamics despite the constraints imposed by extreme salinity.

The potentials of Cirina forda as a replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were evaluated in 56 days. Five diets namely diets A (100% fishmeal and 0%Cirina forda), B (75% fishmeal and 25% Cirina forda), C (50% fishmeal and 50% Cirina forda), D (25% fishmeal and 75% Cirina forda), and E (0% fishmeal and 100% Cirina forda) were compounded and given to the fingerlings at 5% body weight. Growth performance traits and nutrient compositions were measured, recorded and analysed. The highest final mean weight and mean weight gain were obtained in diet E containing 100% Cirina forda while the least values were recorded in diet C at 50% inclusion of Cirina forda. This indicates that Clarias gariepinus can tolerate 100% Cirina forda as a protein source without any inclusion of fishmeal. This will subsequently reduce the cost of feed production in the culture of Clarias gariepinus.

Background and aim: Stomatorhinus cf polli, one of species of Mormyridae whose flesh is highly appreciated by local communities. Unfortunately, there is very little information about biology and ecology of Stomatorhinus cf polli. This study aimed to determine the ecology and biology of Stomathorinus cf polli.