A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of chilled cabbage leaves on breast engorgement among the postnatal mothers admitted in a selected hospital of Delhi. A Time series non-equivalent control group design with multiple institutions of the treatments was used. The study was conducted on 60 postnatal mothers, 30 in each group, admitted in Swami Dayanand Hospital, Shadara. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the selected sample characteristics and Storr scale was used to assess the breast engorgement and data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Version 20. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control group with regard to pre-treatment scores of breast engorgement (p=0.2880). Comparison was done between pre-treatment and posttreatment breast engorgement scores within both the groups. There was no significant difference in the posttest breast engorgement scores between both the groups (p=0.204). Both the treatments, i.e., chilled cabbage leaves and routine care, i.e., warm compress were effective in decreasing breast engorgement in postnatal mothers (p=0.05 and p=0.001). Routine care, i.e., warm compress was found to be more effective than chilled cabbage leaves in reducing breast engorgement (p=0.001) in postnatal mothers. Chilled cabbage leaves as well as routine care, i.e., warm compress, both can be used in the treatment of breast engorgement.

This case report concerns a primigravida woman (period of gestation-37 weeks) diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP). She had been married since 2 years and this is her first pregnancy. The patient is an Rh-negative mother. She did not receive anti-D at 28 weeks of gestation. The patient was admitted to antenatal ward of Hakeem Abdul Hakeem Centenary (HAHC) Hospital, New Delhi, with chief complaints of itching all over the body since 15–20 days with severe itching over the umbilical area and presence of rashes on legs and breasts since last 10 days. During the physical examination the rashes were seen on legs and breast. Per abdomen examination revealed cephalic presentation of the fetus with FHR as 140 bpm. Routine blood investigations revealed that the patient was also a case of moderate anemia and the blood group of the patient was AB-negative. After all the required investigations, she was diagnosed with IHCP with moderate anemia with Rh-negative pregnancy. IHCP is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by pruritus, most often, in the late-second or early third trimester of pregnancy and raised serum bile acids. The maternal outcome after treatment is good but fetal outcomes become adverse in most of the conditions.

Nurses and midwives constitute an integral component of the healthcare delivery system. Nurses and Midwives comprise the largest proportion of the health workforce and are considered to be the front line workers across the healthcare continuum. In view of the most important responsibility that nurses shoulder in the health care system, they need to be considered at par with others in multidisciplinary health care teams. They provide a full range of nursing and midwifery services at all levels of the health system. It is in recognition of the tireless efforts of midwives and nurses that every year International Day of the Midwives is celebrated on May 5th and International Nurses Day on May 12

Background: Breast Milk is the first food in life which ensures that infants and young children get a healthy and nutritious start in life. In India, most of the mothers are unaware of expression and storage of breast milk, which leads to inadequate provision of mother’s milk to the baby resulting in disturbed health status of the child as the mother returns to her employment. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding breast milk banking and to determine the association of knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variables. Methods: Descriptive design was adopted. Data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire prepared by the researcher from the 110 final year nursing students studying in three different nursing colleges of Belagavi. The sampling technique used for the study was non-probability sampling technique [purposive] and data was summarized and evaluated by differential and inferential statistics. Results: There was hundred percent response rate. Of the total students, 64% students had average Knowledge, 33% had good knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge. Regarding the attitude, majority of students had positive attitude (88.2%) and (11.8%) had neutral attitude.

Background: Eating disorders, especially Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa have been classically described in young females in western population. Recent research shows that they are also seen in developing countries including India.1 The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge about Anorexia Nervosa among adolescent girls in selected government and private school of Delhi. BMI and body image of adolescent girls of selected government and private school of Delhi were also assessed. Another aim was to assess the relationship between knowledge about Anorexia Nervosa and selected demographic variables and to develop and disseminate information booklet on Anorexia Nervosa to the subjects. Methodology: 60 adolescent girls, 30 each in government and private school between the age of 14 and 16 years were selected through non-purposive convenience sampling technique. Tools used to collect data were structured knowledge questionnaire and body shape questionnaire (BSQ). To measure the height and weight, weighing machine and height meter were used. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: According to the scores of the structured knowledge questionnaire on Anorexia Nervosa, it was revealed that in both government and private school, none of the adolescent girls scored more than 80%. In the government school, number of girls who fell in ‘Good’ (60-79%), ‘Average’ (35-59%) and ‘Poor’ (<35%) categories of the scores of structured knowledge questionnaire on Anorexia Nervosa, were 30, 70 and 0% respectively, whereas in the private school, number of girls who fell in ‘Good’ (60-79%), ‘Average’ (35-59%) and ‘Poor’ (<35%) categories were 30, 63.33 and 6.67% respectively. As per the BMI of the subjects in the government school, half of the subjects were found to be healthy whereas around 43% were found to be underweight, whereas in the private school, 40% were healthy and around 36% were overweight. According to the assessment of the body image, the results revealed that none of the subjects had “marked concern with their shape” both in the government and the private school.

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder among adolescents. Various non-pharmacological methods were used to treat dysmenorrhea; one of the most effective method is acupressure at sp6 point. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure (sp6) on relief of dysmenorrhea among student nurses studying in a selected nursing college of New Delhi. The objectives of the study were to identify the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among student nurses in a selected nursing college and to compare the effectiveness of acupressure at sp6 on dysmenorrhea before and after the administration of acupressure using visual analog scale. Methods: The research approach for the study was a quantitative research approach with one group pre-test post-test design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 samples from B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students studying in Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard. The tools used for data collection consisted of demographic and menstrual characteristics and standardized Visual Analog Scale to assess the pain during dysmenorrhea among student nurses. Results: The findings of the study showed a point prevalence of 44% student nurses studying in B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing suffered from dysmenorrhea. The study also revealed that the mean pre-test pain score (8.01) was higher than mean post-test pain score (0.95) with a mean difference of (7.15), There was significant difference in pain score before and after administration of acupressure (sp6) (z=36) at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the non-pharmacological method of pain relief measure like acupressure at Sp6 is an effective way to reduce dysmenorrhea.

The postpartum period or postnatal period is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. It is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. Most maternal and infant deaths occur during this time. Yet, this is the most neglected period for the provision of quality care. Childbirth and the responsibilities of parenting after birth require a great deal of energy. In this period, the mother faces problems like fatigue, sleep disturbance and problem with maternal infant attachment. So for treating this problem, various nonpharmacological methods are accepted like yoga, meditation, aromatherapy and many other alternative therapies. Lavender inhalation aromatherapy is widely believed to impart a hypnotic effect, act as a mood stabilizer, and enhance the positive feelings of mothers toward their infants. However, research into these and other potential therapeutic effects of lavender tea has been limited.

A Study to assess the prevalence of mechanical lower back pain among staff nurse and to determine the effectiveness of planned teaching programme in terms of knowledge regarding back strengthening exercises among staff nurse’ working in ICU of a selected hospital of Delhi was conducted. Quantitative research approach with pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used in the study. The prevalence of mechanical lower back pain was assessed by a rating scale and a structured questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme. Data obtained were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. It was found that 46.66% staff nurses were having moderate low back pain and planned teaching programme was effective in increasing knowledge of staff nurses working in ICU.

With focus on groups of children who have increased morbidity, Roy’s adaptation model (RAM) is one of the most useful conceptual frameworks that guide nursing practice. It focuses on individual’s adaptation to changeable environment and guides the assessment of individual’s adaptation. The four modes of adaptation defined in RAM are physiologic, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes. Nurses help to meet the needs of individuals in these modes of adaptation.

Introduction: Oral health problems are persistent among adolescents. Regular oral health assessment of adolescents in schools is necessary for oral health promotion. Objective: To determine the oral health status among urban and rural adolescents (16-19 years) in selected schools of Jammu. Method: Cross-sectional design was chosen for the study to assess the oral health status of adolescents from urban and rural schools. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Oral Health Questionnaire for children by World Health Organisation and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) were the tools used for the study. Results: In rural school 40.4% adolescents and in urban school 43.3% of adolescents rated their teeth as average. In both rural and urban school nearly 45.0% of the adolescents never experienced any toothache or discomfort. More than 60 percent adolescents in urban school and about 38.5% of rural adolescents did not visit any dentist during past 12 months. Nearly 80% adolescents cleaned their teeth several times a week in both rural and urban schools. About 35% of urban adolescents had difficulty in biting hard food due to their teeth problem and in rural school 11.9% adolescents had difficulty in biting hard food. Most of the rural adolescents (69.2%) and half of urban adolescents (51.7%) had ‘fair’ oral health. About 21.2% of the rural adolescents and 30.0% of the urban adolescents had ‘good’ oral health. Conclusion: In urban school, adolescents who visited the dentist were more in number as compared to rural school. The urban school adolescents’ oral health was found as ‘good’ than rural school adolescents.

The breast cancer 1 (BRCA1 [Breast Cancer Susceptibility]) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes are the genes most commonly affected in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Normally, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes protect from getting certain cancers. But certain mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prevent them from working properly; inheriting one of these mutations, increases the susceptibility of breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Genetic counseling and testing for heritable susceptibility to breast cancer caused by mutations in BRCA genes are largely unavailable to young women in India. This process enables patients to make informed decisions about genetic testing and management based on the associated potential benefits, limitations, and risks, as well as their own values, preferences, and goals.

Breast engorgement is a painful distention and congestion of the breasts which makes the mother illand difficult for the baby to latch on to the mother’s breast. It is the condition in which there is painful swelling of the breasts with sudden increase in milk volume, vascular congestion, and oedema during the first two weeks of postnatal period.1 Many researches are being done to check the effectiveness of breast massage on mild breast engorgement. Breast massage is helpful in reducing mild breast engorgement. The precipitating factors of breast engorgement include the poor attachment, delayed initiation of breastfeeds, decrease the duration of breastfeeding, missing baby feed, giving formula feed to the baby.

Nursing binds human society with a bond of care and affection. Nursing is a calling to care, which offers an oasis of poignant stories and pool of challenges. Despite urbanization and globalization in India, the healthcare system in the country continues to face formidable challenges. Nurses play an integral role in the healthcare industry, providing care to the patients and carrying out leadership roles in hospitals, health systems, and other organizations. It is of paramount importance that all people everywhere should have access to a skilled, motivated and supportive nursing care within a robust healthcare system. The importance of nurses in healthcare should be underlined for attempting to create a better task force for better quality of care for all. There are certain challenges which nurses in the present healthcare system face. These challenges arise due to issues at the organizational, state and national levels. It is of utmost importance to first recognize and understand each and every possible challenge faced by the nurses in order to deal with them efficiently-not just recognize and understand them but also find solutions to mitigate them.