Elderly individuals with constant assault are winding up increasingly various in our nation. In Mexico, an interminable assault that is among the best ten reasons for mortality. Individuals who endure Chronic Kidney Disease CKD must be on a consistent audit to keep up illness control and observing. In hemodialysis, a manufactured kidney hemodialyzer is utilized to expel waste and additional chemicals and fluid from your blood. To get your blood into the fake kidney, the specialist needs to influence an entrance to entrance into your veins. This is finished by a minor task to your arm or leg. Some of the time, an entrance is made by joining a conduit to a vein under your skin to make a greater vein called a fistula. In any case, if your veins are not worthy of a fistula, the specialist may utilize a delicate plastic tube to join a supply route and a vein under your skin. This is known as a unite. Sometimes, an entrance is made by methods for a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, which is embedded into a huge vein in your neck. This sort of access might be transitory, yet is infrequently utilized for long haul treatment. Saranya. C. S | Dr. Kala. S "Wearable Artificial Kidney: A Dialysis Machine to Clean Blood" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14325.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14325/wearable-artificial-kidney-a-dialysis-machine-to-clean-blood/saranya-c-s

In recent years, chip less RFID mark located based on genetic algorithm GA optimization system is used. The genetic algorithm is fit and facility to arrangement a band of frequency domain chippers card like QR display. The resultant card supports an extend 30 mm × 30 mm and reside of lattice limited metallic pieces arranged randomly over a 60 × 60 bit design frame a collection of advanced structured. The frequency signature of the GA based mark is optimized to consistent with an FSK based ciphering process and a magnitude of 8 segments is acquired. The construct of the resultant mark is proven. Optimum mark model made in silver ink, marked down flexible bases, serigraphy, which is a large consistent performance procedure. The possibility of this optimization system for the pattern of chip less RFID label is affirmed. Dr S Hemalatha | R latha | S Mythili "A Novel Colour Image Embedded QR Code Generation Technique for Chip-Less RFID Labelling" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14560.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/14560/a-novel-colour-image-embedded-qr-code-generation-technique-for-chipless-rfid-labelling/dr-s-hemalatha

In biological sciences, herbal plants play a vital role in medicinal purpose. Identifying the leaf with unaffected leaves is more important nowadays. The leaves get affected due to many diseases like Phragmidium meuronatum, Cercospora jasmicola, Oidium tingitanium, Cephaleuros virescens. This paper focuses on the study and identification of unaffected leaves based on automated leaf recognition system. The proposed system uses image processing technique for image segmentation and feature extraction. The dataset includes 100 leaves of 10 different species. The leaves are compared with the database and the based on the threshold value the affected leaves are determined. The texture and color parameters are taken for disease authentication using image processing algorithm. Then it is fed into the real time processor Raspberry pi processor for which anywhere it can be used. The main use of Raspberry Pi is to make the system more user friendly. It uses four USB port and a real time camera which captures the image and feeds in the system. This work is more applicable in the field of agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Debjyoti Guha | Hari Vishnu | Mr. L. Jegan Antony Marcilin | Mrs. T. Vijayashree "Real time Processor for the Authentication of Affected Herbal Medicinal Leaves Using Image Processing Techniques- Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14545.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14545/real-time-processor-for-the-authentication-of-affected-herbal-medicinal-leaves-using-image-processing-techniques-review/debjyoti-guha

This project Online Corporate Job Recruiting process is an online website in which jobseekers can register themselves in online and apply for job. The HR of the companies as well as the employees working in the companies can also register in this website. Online corporate job recruiting process provides online help to the users all over the world. This website also make it possible for recruiters and companies to post their staffing requirements and view profiles of interested candidates. Not only the companies, but also the employees those who are working in the corporate companies can also host the details about the recruitment process that takes place in their companies. This project is aimed at developing a web based and central recruitment Process system for the HR Group for a company. After registering in this website the candidates will get a pop up notification about the recruitments. The additional characteristics of this project is that if a seeking job candidate registered in this website and if their college name is similarly equal to the college name of the registered employees, then they will get a mail immediately by saying that your college mate is seeking job kindly help them. So by this the job seekers can easily get a job. Mrs. S. Shanmugapriya | Mr. Manikandan | S. Karpaga Meenakshi "A Survey On Online Corporate Job Recruiting Process Using Cloud Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14561.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/14561/a-survey-on-online-corporate-job-recruiting-process-using-cloud-computing/mrs-s-shanmugapriya

Steganography is the skill and learning of script unseen messages in such a mode that apart from the transmitter and envisioned receiver even recognizes there is a unseen message. Steganography works by exchanging bits of unusable or idle data in systematic Audio file with bits of dissimilar, imperceptible information. This unknown material can be plain text or cipher text. In a computer based audio Steganography structure, underground messages are surrounded in numeral sound. The furtive memo is surrounded by marginally moving the twofold order of a sound file. Implanting surreptitious messages in numeral sound is usually a more hard process than inserting messages in other media, such as numeral images. These procedures sort from quite modest algorithms that pullout gen in the form of gesture noise to more dominant methods that feat erudite signal processing techniques to pelt material. Thus the main persistence of this project is to enlighten using Audio Steganography we can direct texts or even transcript files secretly Dr S Hemalatha | Androse | E Sharmili "An Efficient Method For Text And File Encryption For Secure Data Transmission Through Audio Steganography" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14562.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/14562/an-efficient-method-for-text-and-file-encryption-for-secure-data-transmission-through-audio-steganography/dr-s-hemalatha

In today’s world, traffic jams during rush hours is one of the major interest. During surge hours, Emergency vehicles like Ambulances get caught in jams. Due to this, these emergency vehicles are not able to reach their target in time, resulting into a loss of human lives. We have Developed a system which is used to provide clearance to any emergency Ambulance vehicle by Turning all the red lights to green on the path of the emergency vehicle, hence providing a Complete green bay to the desired vehicle. A green bay is the synchronization of the green phase Of traffic signals. With a “green bay” setup, a vehicle transient through a green signal will continue to receive green signals as it travels down the road. Around the world, green bay is used to great effect. In the existing system we don’t have automatic control traffic signal, due to this Emergency ambulance not able to reach the hospital within time. For this system we have implemented effective smart ambulance system by using GPS Technology. This project is Targeted to design and develop a real time smart ambulance system. Mrs. S. DurgaDevi | Mr. P. Senthil | T. Keerthana "Controlling Traffic Signals Through GPS for Ambulance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14563.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/14563/controlling-traffic-signals-through-gps-for-ambulance/mrs-s-durgadevi

As another innovation created based on picture and video handling, moving item following and perceiving is one of the essential research subjects in application fields, for example, PC vision, mechanical autonomy and video data preparing. It has discovered broad applications in video data preparing.It has discovered broad applications in video pressure, target acknowledgment, keen observing, video recovery human PC cooperation and bio prescription, and so forth .The system of moving article following is to choose whether there exist objects moving in video and to position the objective fundamentally and remember it .the exactness rate of protest moving in video and to position the objective essentially. Composed calculations are effectively arranged, incorporated and actualized on Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA . Ponkarthick. V | Dr. Kala. S "FPGA Implementation of Real Time Video Edge Detection by Using Different Filter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14324.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14324/fpga-implementation-of-real-time-video-edge-detection-by-using-different-filter/ponkarthick-v

Family plays a crucial role in shaping the academic development of children. Various aspects of the family environment such as the quality of parental relationships, economic status, parenting styles and emotional support significantly influence students educational outcomes. This study seeks to explore the impact of family related issues on the academic performance of higher secondary school students. Problems like parental conflict, financial constraints, limited parental involvement and family instability can contribute to emotional stress and distraction, ultimately hindering students’ concentration, motivation and academic achievement. Using a descriptive research design, this study adopts a quantitative approach to examine how these family factors affect students’ learning and school performance. Data were gathered from higher secondary school students through questionnaires and interviews to identify prevalent family issues and their influence on academic progress. The findings are expected to underscore the importance of a supportive family environment in fostering better educational outcomes. Additionally, the study highlights the need for collaborative efforts among schools, counselors and parents to address family related challenges that impact students’ education. The research employs a descriptive design with a quantitative methodology, facilitating the collection of numerical data regarding students knowledge and perceptions. This enables objective analysis and interpretation of the findings. The sample comprises 60 higher secondary school students from a selected corporate school in Coimbatore District. The sample size was determined based on time constraints and the accessibility of respondents. Dr. P. Natarajan | Ms. Varadha. M "Understanding the Impact of Family Issues on Children’s Academic Performance in Government Higher Secondary School Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101264.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/101264/understanding-the-impact-of-family-issues-on-children’s-academic-performance-in-government-higher-secondary-school-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan

Standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is essential to ensure quality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy. Kamadhenu Choorna is a classical formulation prepared using purified Gandhaka and Amalaki processed with specific pharmaceutical procedures such as Bhavana with Amalaki Swarasa and Shalmali Kwatha. The present study aimed to standardize Kamadhenu Choorna through pharmaceutical preparation and analytical evaluation. The pharmaceutical study included preparation of Amalaki Churna, Gandhaka Shodhana, preparation of Amalaki Swarasa, and Shalmali Niryasa Kwatha followed by Bhavana process. Analytical evaluation was carried out using organoleptic, physicochemical, qualitative, quantitative chemical tests and Thin Layer Chromatography TLC . The organoleptic characters showed light ash colour, characteristic odour, Amla Kashaya taste and Churna consistency. Physicochemical parameters revealed Loss on drying 5.5 , Total ash 7.25 , Acid insoluble ash 2.75 , Water soluble extractive 23.25 , Alcohol soluble extractive 14.25 , Water soluble ash 3.5 and Total sulphated ash 4.5 . Qualitative analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, anthraquinone glycosides and alkaloids. TLC profiling exhibited six spots with Rf values ranging from 0.16 to 0.66. These results establish preliminary pharmaceutico analytical standards for Kamadhenu Choorna. Dr. S. N. Gotur "Pharmaceutico-Analytical Standardization of Kamadhenu Choorna" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101265.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/101265/pharmaceuticoanalytical-standardization-of-kamadhenu-choorna/dr-s-n-gotur

This document details a fully operational pipeline for the prediction of human facial features from genomic inputs like VCF or FASTA data. Essentially, the system is a staged processing of raw DNA data through quality control, SNP picking, feature embedding, model prediction, and the eventual face synthesis unit that generates the 2D or 3D facial structure. The intent of the endeavor is to devise a dependable method of interpreting the impact of genetic variations on facial morphology and to produce intelligible visual representations of the predicted traits. Furthermore, the pipeline acknowledges model uncertainty, data governance, and ethical use aspects. All the pictorials and components of the system are the intellectual property of the research “Facial Structure Recognition from Genetic Data.” Ms. Suchita B. Sabale | Dr. N. S. Narawade | Prof. N. S. Kothari "Predicting Facial Structure from Genomic Data" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106982.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/106982/predicting-facial-structure-from-genomic-data/ms-suchita-b-sabale

Research is an integral part of any health science. Ayurveda being science of life also needs of continued research to extrapolate the concepts and approaches. Apart from that, should we consider the health vs life, both sciences make a real effect. Life expectancy has been a topic of great interest now a days and need of debate since antiquity. Pramana sharir vs anthropometry draws a clear line of distinction ascertaining the health and life of an individual based on accumulated data. It has become more relevant in current era. Human resource is vital to growth of any country, so health care professionals, scientists, industry partners and economists as well are pondering over the issue to enhance the healthy lifespan and increase productivity1. Ayurveda has provided an operational framework for assessment of Ayu praman and enumerated Ayu janak and Ayu vighatakar factors which needs to be analysed and to be adopted with a personalized approach. The current review is an attempt to view the life expectancy in modern biology perspective followed by the compressive approach of Ayurveda descriptions. Finally, the factors effecting longevity and methods to achieve optimum healthy life span are discussed. Dr. Rajendra Kashiram Patil | Dr. Kaustubh Chounde | Dr. Smita Rajendra Patil "Concept of Anthropometry in Ayurveda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101335.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/101335/concept-of-anthropometry-in-ayurveda/dr-rajendra-kashiram-patil

Biodiversity biological diversity refers to the variety and variability of living organisms on earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and in supporting ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and food production. Biodiversity is essential for human survival, economic development, and environmental sustainability. However, this is currently being threatened by human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, climate change, and invasive species. The loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems and reduce their ability to provide essential services. For these reasons, therefore, there is need for conservation strategies such as protecting natural habitats, sustainable resource management, and global cooperation which are necessary to preserve biodiversity for present and future generations. The paper looks into the benefits and challenges to biodiversity and what it holds for humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Biodiversity: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101336.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101336/biodiversity-an-introduction/paul-a-adekunte

The Internet of things or IoT essentially means connecting any device that can be turned on and off to the Internet, where it can then be controlled remotely. The IoT also allows you to control devices remotely – meaning that you can turn off your office lights from home to save money, for example. The number of IoT connected devices will only continue to grow over the next decade. The Internet of things and customer service are coming together to change the way companies do business. Companies and their customers both enjoy benefits by incorporating the power of the IoT in customer service. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of IoT on customer service. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101337/internet-of-things-in-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

A customer service chatbot is a conversational tool usually powered by artificial intelligence AI that engages in conversations with customers. Modern customer service chatbots range from simple rule based systems to sophisticated AI powered assistants capable of understanding context, learning from interactions, and handling complex customer needs. These digital assistants operate through text or voice interfaces. They provide quick, consistent responses to customer queries, encouraging self service interactions. Businesses across various industries are increasingly adopting chatbots for customer support to enhance customer satisfaction, reduce operational costs, and streamline processes. By using these tools, businesses stand to significantly reduce operational costs, gain a better understanding of their client base, and improve the customer experience. The present paper examines chatbots and their applications in customer service. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Customer Service Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101338/customer-service-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study investigates the diversity and seasonal variation of algal species in Sangitarai Pond and Kodatari Pond, located in Raigarh Block, Chhattisgarh, India, from April 2023 to January 2024. The assessment of algal diversity was carried out using the Shannon Wiener Index H and Simpson’s Diversity Index D . The results revealed that both ponds exhibited high algal diversity, with Shannon Wiener Index values of 2.251 for Sangitarai Pond and 2.253 for Kodatari Pond. The Simpson’s Diversity Index values were 0.889 and 0.890 for Sangitarai Pond and Kodatari Pond, respectively, indicating a balanced distribution of algal species in both ponds. Seasonal variations in algal density were evident, with higher densities recorded during the summer and monsoon seasons due to favourable conditions such as higher temperatures, increased sunlight, and nutrient influx from runoff. Algal density declined during the winter season, likely due to cooler temperatures and reduced nutrient availability. The findings highlight the need for effective management strategies to control algal blooms, especially during the monsoon season when nutrient loading is at its peak. Understanding the diversity and temporal trends of algal communities can contribute to better conservation and management of these aquatic ecosystems. Rashmi Kar Sharma | Chandani Afsana | Jagannath Prasad Suryawanshi "Ecological Impacts of Algal Blooms on Aquatic Plant Communities in Sangitarai Pond, and Kondatari Pond (Raigarh Block)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101339.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101339/ecological-impacts-of-algal-blooms-on-aquatic-plant-communities-in-sangitarai-pond-and-kondatari-pond-raigarh-block/rashmi-kar-sharma

In the current time, India’s primary sector exports were dominated by traditional goods like tea, spices, and iron ore. As we moved further into the 21st century, the focus shifted toward high value processed primary goods and marine products, reflecting a move toward modernization and global quality standards. India is a leading exporter of Agricultural Commodities rice specifically Basmati , wheat, and sugar. This ensures a steady flow of foreign exchange and provides a “buffer” during global industrial slowdowns. Significant exports of Mineral and Ores iron ore and aluminium have fuelled the industrial growth of trading partners like China and Japan. The 21st century saw a massive boom in the export of Allied Products marine products shrimp and meat, which now constitute a significant portion of the primary sector’s trade value. The primary sector remains a fundamental pillar of India’s foreign trade, undergoing a strategic transformation from traditional raw commodity exports to high value, quality driven products. While the service sector often dominates headlines, the primary sector comprising agriculture, mining, and allied activities provides essential economic stability and contributes significantly to foreign exchange earnings. This paper investigates the pivotal role of the primary sector in India’s foreign trade dynamics during the 21st century. While the Indian economy is often celebrated for its service led growth, the primary sector comprising agriculture, minerals, and allied products remains a critical pillar for trade stability and foreign exchange earnings. This study examines the shift from raw commodity exports to high value processed goods and the impact of global trade policies on Indian produce. The findings suggest that the primary sector not only acts as a strategic buffer against global market volatility but also serves as the fundamental link in India’s integration into global value chains. Abhinav Singh | Prof. Namita Sharma "A Study of Growth in Primary Sector and Foreign Trade of India: A Reviews of Growth and Opportunities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101340.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/101340/a-study-of-growth-in-primary-sector-and-foreign-trade-of-india-a-reviews-of-growth-and-opportunities/abhinav-singh

Navigating personal taxation effectively is a cornerstone of sound financial health, allowing individuals to minimize liabilities on both income and capital gains. For Indian households, the Hindu Undivided Family HUF serves as a distinctive statutory framework for tax optimization. However, despite its potential, the actual implementation of HUF remains sporadic due to various barriers. This study scrutinizes the disparity between general awareness and the procedural expertise required to legally form an HUF. Utilizing primary data gathered from 105 respondents via a structured survey, the research identifies a critical shortage of professional advisory and a significant gap in the technical understanding needed to utilize this tax saving instrument effectively. Mr. Akshay Aswani | Dr. Reshma Jaisinghani "A Study on Awareness and Perceived Benefits of Creating A Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) for Tax Planning Among Salaried Individuals/Small Business Owners" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100245.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100245/a-study-on-awareness-and-perceived-benefits-of-creating-a-hindu-undivided-family-huf-for-tax-planning-among-salaried-individualssmall-business-owners/mr-akshay-aswani

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis through medical imaging can significantly improve patient outcomes. Deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs , has shown promising results in classifying medical images with high accuracy. However, the performance of these models often depends on appropriate data preprocessing techniques. This paper investigates the efficacy of using Min Max Normalization combined with a CNN based architecture to classify breast cancer images. Experimental results demonstrate that applying Min Max Normalization prior to training not only enhances model convergence but also improves classification accuracy and robustness. These findings suggest that the proposed approach can provide a reliable diagnostic tool for clinicians in the early detection of breast cancer. This feature matrix is used as input for the pretrained model and convolutional neural network. Pre trained models such as VGG16 and VGG19 are investigated using the concept of transfer learning. The frameworks structure consists of 14 layers in total. In order to optimize the classification accuracy, the hyperparameters are changed. An ideal accuracy of 93.9 is attained by the convolutional neural network architecture that was created. Monika Chaddha | Anaya Kulkarni "A CNN-Based Approach for Breast Cancer Image Classification Using GLCM Texture Features" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100227.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100227/a-cnnbased-approach-for-breast-cancer-image-classification-using-glcm-texture-features/monika-chaddha

Psychological resilience is the ability to “bounce back” from “setbacks” experienced by individuals due to their encounter with life events, stressors or adversity. An on line study sought to determine the predictors of psychological resilience among 318 adults sampled from Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya using convenience sampling and snowballing. The sample was made up 56.2 females, 42.8 and 1 who preferred not to state their gender, 57.7 were living in Nairobi while 42.3 were residents in Kiambu county. An investigator developed socio demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale and the Baruth Protective Factors Inventory BPFI were used to formulate a goggle form. The study findings showed that there was a significant impact of few stressors, adaptive personality and supportive environment on psychological resilience. Regression analysis result indicated that a 2 variance on psychological resilience was accounted for by few stressors, 4.2 by adaptive personality and 4.7 by a supportive environment. The regression coefficient B = 1.02, 95 CI indicated that when few stressors increase by one unit, psychological resilience increased by 1.02 units, B = 1.34, 95 CI , the regression coefficient for adaptive personality indicated that an increase in a unit corresponded to a 1.34 unit increase in psychological resilience while B = 1.81, 95 CI the regression coefficient for supportive environment, indicated that an increase in a unit, corresponded to a 1.81 unit increase in psychological resilience. The findings of this study are useful for mental health service providers who work with individuals with mental illnesses and are using interventions for enhancing psychological resilience. Additionally, on a policy level the government can utilize these finding to lower the number of stressors that the general public is exposed to as this predicts psychological resilience. Churches, families, work environments as well as social groups are a support environment for individuals and the level of support obtained impacts psychological resilience. Enhancing engagements in the social circles is a resource. Dr. Kiwinga N. W. | Dr. Nyagwencha S. K "Predictors of Psychological Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties in Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100197.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100197/predictors-of-psychological-resilience-a-crosssectional-study-among-adults-in-nairobi-and-kiambu-counties-in-kenya/dr-kiwinga-n-w

This quantitative study investigates the interplay between shopper, digital, and traditional marketing strategies in shaping brand equity, with a focus on their individual and combined impacts on brand awareness, loyalty, perceived quality, and associations. Data were collected from 340 respondents across diverse industries using structured questionnaires and analyzed through regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling SEM . Findings reveal that all three marketing approaches significantly contribute to brand equity, with digital marketing exhibiting the strongest direct influence, followed by shopper and traditional marketing. The study further identifies synergistic effects, demonstrating that integrated strategies yield superior outcomes compared to isolated implementations. These insights equip marketers with evidence based guidance for crafting balanced, multichannel campaigns that align with evolving consumer preferences and technological advancements. The research advances theoretical understanding by empirically quantifying the relationships between these marketing dimensions and brand equity, while also offering practical implications for optimizing resource allocation across channels. Limitations and future research directions are discussed, including the need to explore emerging digital platforms and the long term effects of integrated marketing strategies. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach in contemporary brand equity management by bridging theory and practice. Iborida, Emmanuel | Ololo, Kingsley Chukwuemeka | Arum, Ugochi Roseline | Olope Stephen Olaniyi "The Interrelationship among Shopper marketing, Digital Marketing, and Traditional Marketing in Building Brand Equity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100203.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/100203/the-interrelationship-among-shopper-marketing-digital-marketing-and-traditional-marketing-in-building-brand-equity/iborida-emmanuel

Background Verruca vulgaris is a benign epithelial proliferation caused by human papillomavirus HPV , commonly affecting children and young adults. Although spontaneous regression may occur, many cases persist or recur despite conventional treatments such as cryotherapy and keratolytics. Homoeopathy considers warts predominantly under the sycotic miasm, and Thuja occidentalis is regarded as a principal remedy for warty excrescences. Materials and Methods This prospective interventional case series was conducted at C.D. Pachchigar Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Three clinically diagnosed cases of verruca vulgaris were enrolled. Detailed case taking was performed as per aphorisms 83–104 of the Organon of Medicine. Remedy selection was based on totality of symptoms. Thuja occidentalis was prescribed in centesimal potency internally, along with external application of Thuja ointment. Follow up was conducted at regular intervals. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the MYMOP2 Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 scale. Results Two out of three cases 66.6 demonstrated significant improvement, with one case achieving complete resolution 100 improvement . One case showed mild improvement 11.82 . No recurrence or adverse effects were observed during the follow up period. Higher potency 1M cases showed comparatively better clinical response than 200 potency. Conclusion The findings suggest that Thuja occidentalis, prescribed on homoeopathic principles and administered both internally and externally, may be effective in the management of verruca vulgaris. However, due to the small sample size, larger controlled studies are required to substantiate these findings. Dr. Diti Patel | Dr. Rajesh. S. Mahale "Effectiveness of Thuja occidentalis in Verruca Vulgaris: A Case Series Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100204.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/dermatology/100204/effectiveness-of-thuja-occidentalis-in-verruca-vulgaris-a-case-series-study/dr-diti-patel

In the era of big data, econometrics serves as a core course for the cultivation of postgraduate statistics students, yet its traditional teaching mode can hardly meet the training requirements for data science talents in the new era. Driven by big data technology and machine learning methods, this paper explores the paths of curriculum reform from three dimensions, namely the reconstruction of curriculum system, the innovation of teaching mode and the strengthening of practical teaching, in response to the problems in course teaching such as outdated content, low student participation and insufficient transformation of competition achievements. By constructing a four in one teaching mode, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge and the elements of curriculum ideological and political education, and establishing a transformation mechanism for the achievements of statistical modeling competitions, this paper realizes the deep integration of course teaching with the big data era, disciplinary competitions and talent demands, thus providing practical references for the reform of similar courses in universities. Tao Li "Exploration on the Curriculum Reform of Postgraduate Econometrics Driven by Big Data" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100228.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100228/exploration-on-the-curriculum-reform-of-postgraduate-econometrics-driven-by-big-data/tao-li

Inclusion of handicapped students in the mainstream of education is most relevant and important concern in 21st century education scenario. This study conducted to explore parental attitude regarding their handicapped child education. For this purpose, 200 school students were selected based on their gender and family economic status wise through purposive sampling techniques. In this study a descriptive survey method was employed. And a researcher self made questionnaire was utilized to gather data from the sample. The result revealed that parental attitude regarding their handicapped child education was moderate level of positive and parents’ attitude regarding their handicapped child education do not different significantly and they both have them same attitude regarding their handicapped child education. Atanu Kalindi | Somnath Singh | Dr. Partha Ghosh "Parental Attitude Towards the Education of Handicapped Student’s in the District of Bankura and Paschim Medinipur: A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100217.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/100217/parental-attitude-towards-the-education-of-handicapped-student’s-in-the-district-of-bankura-and-paschim-medinipur-a-comparative-study/atanu-kalindi

The Vishwakarma Yojana aims to bridge the gap between rural and urban areas by enhancing infrastructure and providing essential services while preserving the villages cultural essence. This initiative promotes sustainable and self reliant rural development by identifying key challenges through surveys and proposing practical solutions. Mithali village, located in Shehra Taluka, Panchmahal District, Gujarat, has a population of 2,945 2011 Census and primarily relies on agriculture and dairy farming for its economy. However, the village faces inadequate infrastructure, including poor roads, lack of sanitation facilities, and outdated public buildings such as the Panchayat office and community hall. The bus stop is poorly maintained, while water supply and waste management systems require significant improvement. To address these issues, the project proposes the development of a Main Gate, modern Panchayat Office, Bus Stop, House Plans, Post Office, and Community Hall. These upgrades aim to enhance the villages infrastructure, improve living standards, and promote sustainable growth. By fulfilling the basic needs of the community, this initiative strives to reduce rural to urban migration and create a model for future rural development. Saiyad Mo. Ayanuddin N. | Badam Faizan N. | Prof. D. J. Panchal | Prof. (Dr.) P. M. Shah "Vishwakarma Yojna: An Approach Towards Rurbanisation Mithali Village Panchmahal, Gujarat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100219.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/100219/vishwakarma-yojna-an-approach-towards-rurbanisation-mithali-village-panchmahal-gujarat/saiyad-mo-ayanuddin-n

This study investigates the mechanical performance of fiber reinforced concrete incorporating crimped steel fibers and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag GBFS manufactured sand M sand as partial replacements for conventional materials. Conventional concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension, and it typically uses natural river sand as fine aggregate. However, excessive sand mining has created significant environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable alternatives. In this experimental investigation, natural river sand is replaced with GBFS M sand, a homogeneous fine aggregate produced from gravel crushing processes. Additionally, crimped steel fibers are incorporated to enhance the compressive and tensile strength of concrete. The study further explores the utilization of industrial waste materials such as copper slag, pond ash, red mud, and shredded steel as partial replacements in concrete production. The primary objective is to identify suitable alternative materials that improve mechanical properties while reducing cement consumption and overall construction costs. The research also aims to evaluate the strength characteristics of modified concrete in comparison with conventional concrete. The use of these waste materials is expected to enhance workability, improve strength performance, and mitigate environmental issues associated with sand mining and industrial waste disposal. Kunal Nayak | Pawan Dubey | Rakesh Sakale "An Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Concrete Prepared by Partial Replacement of Cement with Red Mud and Fine Aggregate with GGBFS Along with Shredded Steel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100225.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/100225/an-experimental-study-on-strength-properties-of-concrete-prepared-by-partial-replacement-of-cement-with-red-mud-and-fine-aggregate-with-ggbfs-along-with-shredded-steel/kunal-nayak

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106971.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/106971/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-anorexia-nervosa-among-the-adolescent-girls-in-selected-colleges-of-district-amritsar-punjab/kaur-harjeet

This research paper undertakes a systematic comparative documentary analysis of Indias major national education policies the National Policy on Education NPE 1968, NPE 1986 modified 1992 , and the National Education Policy NEP 2020 against the West Bengal State Education Policy SEP 2023, notified in the Kolkata Gazette Extraordinary on September 5, 2023. Through a structured documentary analysis methodology, the study examines the policy texts across domains of school education structure, higher education architecture, regulatory and structural bodies, language policy, inclusive education, teacher education, technology integration, research and innovation, and public investment. Seven detailed comparative tables systematically map both similarities and differences between the national framework and the state response. The analysis reveals that while West Bengals SEP 2023 broadly aligns with NEP 2020s progressive principles on equity, academic flexibility, research culture, internationalization, and digital learning, it consciously diverges on structural matters retaining its existing 5 4 2 2 school framework rather than adopting NEPs 5 3 3 4 model, preserving existing regulatory bodies rather than consolidating them under HECI, and prioritizing geographic expansion and access over tiered institutional stratification. These differences reflect West Bengals assertion of its federal prerogative within a constitutional framework that designates education as a concurrent subject. The paper concludes with a synthesis of convergent and divergent trajectories, offering insights into the possibilities and limits of state level policy translation of a transformative national educational vision. Subrata Halder "National Education Policy 2020 and West Bengal State Education Policy 2023: A Comparative Documentary Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100226.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/100226/national-education-policy-2020-and-west-bengal-state-education-policy-2023-a-comparative-documentary-analysis/subrata-halder

Blockchain is basically a decentralized digital ledger. Instead of storing information in one company’s server, data lives on a distributed network of computers. That means once information is recorded, it’s secure, transparent, and verifiable. From verifying resumes to running payroll, blockchain has the potential to make human resources faster, more transparent, and more secure. Blockchain makes HR more human by cutting out bureaucracy and focusing on real relationships. This innovative technology is a trustless system that eliminates the need for intermediaries, reducing costs, increasing transparency, and enhancing security. It directly tackles many of the longstanding inefficiencies in HR. This paper examines the applications of blockchain technology in human resources. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100222.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/100222/blockchain-in-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Technology has improved the customer service experience for both agents and customers. Service technology is bringing the customer and service provider together. Customer service is no longer tied to desks, shifts, or physical offices and neither are customers. Channels like chat, email, and messaging are not just preferred but expected. There is no doubt that providing better customer support is the only way to survive. As a result, new technology adaptations for customer service are happening faster. These new technologies in customer service include artificial intelligence, chatbots, blockchain, and predictive analytics. This paper examines the impact of emerging technologies on customer service. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100230/emerging-technologies-in-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Internet of things IoT is now becoming a new trend in the technical field and emerges as the market trend and technical advancement. The prospect of IoT is that every object will have a unique way of identification and can be addressed so that every object can be connected. It presents previously unheard of chances to boost worker engagement, increase workplace safety, and improve workforce management by integrating diverse devices and systems. IoT has a positive impact on human resource management, aiming to enhance workplace efficiency and organizational dynamics. It completely modifies the human resource management and workplace of the organization. It will bring a new challenge to how human resource development is practiced. It will change the manner in which human resources are developed and managed, calling for a new and adaptive human resource development approach. This paper deals with the impact of the Internet of things IoT on the human resources in organizations. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100224.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/100224/internet-of-things-in-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Predictive modeling is a way to guess what will happen in the future. It looks for patterns from past data and uses those patterns to make predictions. Predictive analytics has become a valuable asset in many industries. It has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of human resources HR , enabling organizations to make data driven decisions.. It is an important tool for companies who want to stay in the lead. It helps them make smart decisions about the future. Businesses use predictive analytics to manage their products and set good prices. Predictive analytics in HR leverages data and AI to enhance decision making, identifying at risk employees and optimizing retention strategies. Through predictive analytics, HR professionals can identify patterns and predict future outcomes based on historical data, allowing for the development of more effective employee retention strategies. This paper explores the role of predictive analytics in human resources. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics for Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100231.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/100231/predictive-analytics-for-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study presents a micro level analysis of the intersecting inequalities that shape the socio economic determinants and health vulnerabilities of tribal communities in the remote and ecologically rich landscape of Mahuadanr, Latehar, Jharkhand. Employing a mixed methods approach, the research wove together quantitative data from household surveys and government reports with qualitative narratives from focus group discussions and interviews with community members, local leaders, and health workers. The findings reveal a profound cycle of disadvantage, where structural barriers and health challenges are deeply intertwined. Despite strong social cohesion and rich cultural heritage, these communities face persistent economic marginalization, constrained by a reliance on subsistence agriculture, inadequate market linkages, and underdeveloped infrastructure. These conditions translate directly into critical health vulnerabilities, with elevated rates of maternal and child mortality and a high prevalence of preventable diseases such as typhoid and malaria. A central insight from the study is the stark implementation gap that perpetuates this cycle. Despite the existence of government welfare programs, geographical isolation and systemic hurdles consistently impede effective service delivery, leaving remote communities without essential support. The research concludes that breaking this cycle requires a fundamental shift toward integrated, multi sectoral interventions and advocate for targeted policies that are both culturally sensitive and community cantered, designed to simultaneously promote sustainable economic empowerment, enhance access to education and healthcare, and actively engage tribal populations in shaping their own development. Such an approach is essential to foster inclusive and sustainable well being while preserving the cultural integrity of Jharkhand’s tribal communities. Rozy Sushmita Tirkey "Intersecting Inequalities: Socio-economic Determinants and Health Vulnerabilities among Tribal Communities in Jharkhand - A Micro-level Analysis of Mahuadanr Block, Latehar, Jharkhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/100208/intersecting-inequalities-socioeconomic-determinants-and-health-vulnerabilities-among-tribal-communities-in-jharkhand--a-microlevel-analysis-of-mahuadanr-block-latehar-jharkhand/rozy-sushmita-tirkey

The relationship between the United States and Iran remains one of the most enduring and unstable rivalries in international politics. Despite moments of cooperation, including nuclear negotiations and mediated talks, diplomatic breakthroughs between the two countries have repeatedly collapsed. This study examines why these failures occur by focusing on structural factors rather than short term political events. Using a qualitative and historically grounded approach, the research analyses how historical mistrust, ideological identity, economic sanctions, military deterrence strategies, alliance networks, and shifting global power structures reinforce long term hostility. Particular attention is given to recent escalation, including the 2026 killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader and the regional responses that followed. The findings suggest that sanctions and punitive measures often strengthen hardline positions rather than encourage compromise, while alliance commitments and security dilemmas limit flexibility during negotiations. The study argues that diplomatic efforts remain fragile because they operate within deeply embedded institutional and geopolitical structures that sustain mistrust. By integrating structural realist and institutional perspectives, this research contributes to a clearer understanding of why U.S. – Iran diplomacy frequently breaks down despite periods of engagement. The article concludes that sustainable de escalation requires addressing long term structural drivers rather than relying solely on tactical negotiations. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Empire, Revolution, and Rivalry: Structural Roots of U.S. – Iran Tension in Global Politics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100240.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/100240/empire-revolution-and-rivalry-structural-roots-of-us-–-iran-tension-in-global-politics/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Acharya sushruta, the pioneer in the art and science of surgery has described widely and comprehensively about the Mutrashmari with its classification, symptomatology, etiology, pathology, complications and its management. This is the proof for the depth of knowledge of the Acharyas on the subject of urinary disorders as a whole. Acharya Sushruta has considered Ashmari as one of the Asthomahagada. If Ashmari if not treated appropriately on time it may be fatal. Samprapti of Mutrashmari, involves all three dosha Vata, Pitta and Kapha dosha. Thus, it is necessary to understand the disease for its proper management. Ashmari is one of the commonest diseases of urinary tract. According to modern science Ashmari means stone and mutra means urine is known as mutraashmari. Mutrashmari has a prevalence rate approximately 3 to 5 in general population. Acharya Charak, Acharya Sushruta and other classical texts have described in detail Ashmari with their etiopathogenesis, clinical features, type and prognosis and treatment. In today’s world of modernization due to bad lifestyle, insomnia, heavy consumption of fast food, preserved foods, unhealthy lifestyle deficiency of Vitamin A, intake of antacid drugs, Thyroid disease, excess intake of particular food item, Obesity, Gastric surgery, long term use of catheter, recurrent Urinary tract infection. Study of mutrashmari plays important role in its etiopathogenesis, prognosis and treatment management. Ayurveda the ancient science of life is one of the prides of India. It has dealt with many dreaded diseases under the heading of Mutrakricchra, Mutraghata, Mutrashmari etc. Mutrashmari is one of the most common and distressing maladies among the group of urinary disorders. Vd. Rajkunwar Vijaysinh Deshmukh | Vd. Ardra B. Thorat "Conceptual Review Study on Disease - Mutrashmari" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100244.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/100244/conceptual-review-study-on-disease--mutrashmari/vd-rajkunwar-vijaysinh-deshmukh

Neuro adaptive Artificial Intelligence AI trading systems represent an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, behavioral finance, and automated financial decision making. This study provides a systematic literature review examining how insights from brain computer interfaces BCIs , affective computing, neuroeconomics, and reinforcement learning can be applied to improve algorithmic trading performance. Using a PRISMA guided screening process across major academic databases, relevant peer reviewed studies were analyzed to identify prevailing research methods, neural signal acquisition technologies such as electroencephalography EEG and physiological sensors, feature extraction techniques, and integration strategies for incorporating neurophysiological data into AI based trading models.The review identifies three prominent research directions within neuro adaptive trading cognitive state based risk management, human in the loop adaptive trading systems, and neuro informed autonomous trading architectures. Findings from the literature indicate that neurophysiological indicators including stress responses, attention fluctuations, and cognitive workload can provide valuable information for reducing behavioral biases, improving risk adjusted trading outcomes, and enhancing decision stability in volatile markets. Despite these opportunities, several challenges remain, including concerns about privacy and ethical use of neural data, reliability issues associated with noisy brain signals, risks of model overfitting, and limited regulatory frameworks. This review proposes a conceptual foundation for neuro adaptive trading pipelines and highlights future research directions involving multimodal sensing, explainable AI integration, and responsible governance of neuro financial technologies. Dr. Yashasvi Mishra "Neurofinance Meets AI: Brain-State Adaptive Algorithmic Trading" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100246.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/100246/neurofinance-meets-ai-brainstate-adaptive-algorithmic-trading/dr-yashasvi-mishra

The term Sikh is derived from the Sanskrit word Si ya, meaning “disciple” or “learner.” Sikhism, therefore, is fundamentally a path of learning and spiritual discipline, centered on devotion to God Ik Onkar One Supreme Reality and moral living in the world. Unlike ascetic traditions that emphasize withdrawal from worldly life, Sikhism advocates active participation in society while maintaining spiritual awareness. It rejects ritualism, superstition, caste discrimination, gender inequality, and blind faith, stressing instead inner devotion, ethical conduct, and social responsibility. Sikhism is one of the world’s youngest yet most profound religious traditions, originating in the Indian subcontinent during the late fifteenth century. It emerged in a period of intense religious, social, and political transformation marked by the interaction of Hindu and Islamic traditions, the decline of established social hierarchies, and widespread spiritual unrest. Sikhism emerged in a socio religious environment marked by ritualism, caste oppression, religious intolerance, and political instability. Sikhism offered a transformative spiritual vision based on devotion to one God, equality of all human beings, moral living, and active participation in society. Rather than promoting renunciation or ascetic withdrawal, Sikhism emphasizes living a righteous life while fulfilling social responsibilities. The teachings of Sikhism are preserved primarily in the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture and eternal Guru of the Sikhs. These teachings address spiritual, ethical, social, and political dimensions of life, making Sikhism not only a religion but a comprehensive way of life. Sikhism is a holistic religious tradition that integrates spirituality with ethical conduct, social responsibility, and respect for life. Founded in the late fifteenth century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Sikhism emerged as a response to ritualism, caste discrimination, religious intolerance, and social injustice prevalent in medieval India. Unlike purely metaphysical systems, Sikhism places ethical action at the very heart of religious life. Its teachings are deeply concerned with how human beings live, relate to one another, treat nature, and respect life in all its forms. The ethical, environmental, and bioethical principles of Sikhism are primarily derived from the Guru Granth Sahib, the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus, and the lived practices of the Sikh community. Sikh ethics are not abstract moral codes but practical guidelines for righteous living dharam rooted in devotion to one God Ik Onkar . Neha Kumari | Archana Kumari Sah "Ethical and Environmental Values in Sikhism and their Relevance in the Post-Modern Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/100249/ethical-and-environmental-values-in-sikhism-and-their-relevance-in-the-postmodern-era/neha-kumari

Pre service teacher education plays a pivotal role in preparing competent, reflective, and effective teachers for the 21st century classroom. This study investigates how pre service teacher education enhances competency and quality among prospective teachers, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical teaching. A qualitative research approach was adopted, analysing documentary evidence, scholarly articles, and research publications. The study highlights the significance of structured teacher training programs in developing pedagogical knowledge, subject expertise, professional ethics, and life skills such as communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. Findings reveal persistent gaps between theory and practice, the need for enhanced practicum experiences, reflective practices, and stronger collaboration between teacher education institutions and schools. The study proposes a conceptual framework emphasizing basic understanding, existing knowledge, competency development, reshaping strategies, and measures for enhancing teacher education quality. Strengthening pre service teacher education through curriculum reforms, continuous professional development, and context sensitive teaching strategies can significantly improve teaching effectiveness, professional growth, and overall educational quality. Anusmita Bose "Pre-Service Teacher Education for Enhancing Competency" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/100236/preservice-teacher-education-for-enhancing-competency/anusmita-bose

The rapid expansion of e tailing has significantly transformed retail eco systems worldwide however its adoption remains uneven across urban and rural contexts. Although prior studies primarily uses technology acceptance models to explain e tailing there is limited synthesis of broader determinants such as trust, infrastructure, policy support and socio cultural influences particularly with emerging and rural market contexts. The current review integrates literature on e tailing adoption across rural economies. The literature pays a special focus on rural transformation, place based policy intervention, digitalization of everyday life and structural inequalities. The review paper is to identify the determinants of e tailing adoption in rural India and to identify the critical factors that shape consumer participation and satisfaction in e tailing. Nidhi H. Sompura | Dr. Neha Mehta "Online Adoption in E-Tailing: Determinants and Emerging Research Directions in Rural and Emerging Economies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101254.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101254/online-adoption-in-etailing-determinants-and-emerging-research-directions-in-rural-and-emerging-economies/nidhi-h-sompura

In recent years, emotional intelligence has been considered an important psychological factor in education because it helps individuals manage emotions, cope with stress, and maintain positive relationships with others. Postgraduate students often face academic pressure, research responsibilities, and personal challenges, making emotional regulation an essential skill for their overall development The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among postgraduate students. A causal comparative research design was used for the study. The present study was conducted on a sample of 274 postgraduate students who were studying in M.A. and M.Sc. programmes under Utkal University and its affiliated colleges located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The participants were selected through the simple random sampling method to ensure equal representation. Emotional intelligence of the students was assessed by using a standardized emotional intelligence scale, while their academic achievement was determined from their previous academic records. For the analysis of the collected data, different statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the t test were applied. The results of the study indicated that there was a very weak and statistically insignificant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among the postgraduate students. The findings also showed that there was no significant difference in the level of emotional intelligence between male and female students. In addition, emotional intelligence did not differ significantly among students belonging to different academic streams. Sasmita Behera | Nagma Khatun | Dr. Ashok Kumar Digal "Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement of Post-Graduate Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100242.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/100242/emotional-intelligence-and-academic-achievement-of-postgraduate-students/sasmita-behera

Systems like Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani, Siddha rely on natural products as their foundation. Standardization of herbal plants should focus on reducing any potential toxicity and upholding the therapeutic efficacy, quality, and safety. Standardization involves the identification, authentication and quantification of active pharmacological constituents along with the evaluation of physicochemical parameters, to ensure quality assurance and maintain batch to batch consistency. The current study aims at the systematic standardization and optimization of garlic and O. sanctum to formulate a stable, pharmacodynamically active polyherbal preparation. Analytical evaluation methods were employed to assess the individual and synergistic contributions of these botanicals. It was observed that the solubility of active components derived from garlic exhibit greater when combined with tulsi due to synergistic effect. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the therapeutic importance of traditional herbal mixtures, emphasising the significance of physicochemical characterization for rational optimization of polyherbal formulations. Manisha. | Khushboo. | Neera Raghav | Heena Dahiya | Nitika Mor "Synergism in Solubility of Polyherbal Formulations of Garlic: Standardization and Optimization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101251.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/101251/synergism-in-solubility-of-polyherbal-formulations-of-garlic-standardization-and-optimization/manisha

The kitchen has long been more than just a place for preparing food—it has been a sacred and healing space within Indian households. In ancient times, the kitchen was regarded with deep respect and governed by strict principles of purity, cleanliness, and discipline. It was believed that any disturbance in this space could disrupt the health and harmony of the entire family, as the kitchen was intrinsically connected to digestion, wellness, and overall balance in life. Traditionally, access to the kitchen was regulated by elders, particularly grandmothers, who enforced hygienic habits such as washing hands, removing footwear, and maintaining the cleanliness of utensils and surroundings. These practices, though rooted in custom, reflected a profound understanding of hygiene and the prevention of disease. Women followed careful procedures—separating clean and unclean items, managing ingredients thoughtfully, and maintaining a calm and focused environment while cooking all contributing to the health and vitality of the household. The grandmother’s kitchen was not merely a culinary space but a small herbal pharmacy. Traditional knowledge of herbs and home remedies was used to treat everyday ailments such as indigestion, burns, minor wounds, and other common health concerns. From morning till night, women balanced domestic duties with care giving, embodying the role of both nurturer and healer. This paper seeks to shift focus from the “unseen” wisdom of the grandmother’s kitchen to a more systematic observation of its practices. It explores how these traditions were founded on experiential learning, scientific reasoning, and a holistic approach to well being. Despite being often overlooked in historical and social narratives, the grandmother’s kitchen stands as a vital institution that promoted family health and strengthened community harmony. Indrani Choudhury "Grandmother’s Kitchen as a Space of Healing: Indigenous Knowledge, Care, and Cultural Continuity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101255.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/101255/grandmother’s-kitchen-as-a-space-of-healing-indigenous-knowledge-care-and-cultural-continuity/indrani-choudhury

As the traditional role of corporate entities have been challenged by an increased number of demands from society, organizations roles are no longer limited to generate profits by supplying products or services. Instead, they are expected to play the role of responsible co citizens of the community, taking social and environmental responsibility for the consequences of their actions. Implementing sustainable practices into business strategies is considered beneficial for both organizations and society, as it brings organizations opportunities for growth and development, as well as a more sustainable future for society. More so, the success or failure of any business is said to rests in part on the nature and types of marketing strategy they employ. A cross sectional survey design was put in place for the study. The unit of analysis was organizations while the owner managers of SMEs were the respondents. Systematic, simple random and snowbell sampling techniques were employed to collect the needed data for the study. A sample size of 200 SMEs covering all sectors that exist in the study area was drawn from a population of 522 SMEs. Inferential statistics was used to empirically and statistically analyze the data collected for the study with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 20. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that a positive relationship exist between Customer Relationship Management CRM and Sustainability Marketing SM and the relationship is statistically significant p 0.05 .Also, it shows that a positive relationship exist between Sustainability Marketing SM and Competitive Advantage and the relationship is statistically significant p 0.05.It was recommended that SMEs operating in the Nigerian market should to communicate sustainable practices strategies internally in order to form effective sustainability strategies in all business decisions. Chigbo Chika Chigozie | Eneh Nkiru Grace "Enhancing Marketing Skills for Increased Visibility for Sustainable Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101256.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/101256/enhancing-marketing-skills-for-increased-visibility-for-sustainable-development/chigbo-chika-chigozie

Family owned private healthcare facilities constitute a significant and expanding component of health systems, particularly in emerging economies. Yet existing corporate governance theories remain conceptually incomplete when applied to these organizations. Dominant governance frameworks are largely grounded in financial performance logic and assume that governance failures produce primarily economic and reversible consequences. In healthcare contexts, however, governance decisions directly affect patient safety, clinical integrity, and ethical accountability, introducing a life critical asymmetry absent in traditional corporate settings. This paper develops a sector sensitive conceptual framework that integrates agency theory, stewardship theory, and the socioemotional wealth perspective within a healthcare specific accountability lens. It argues that family ownership operates as a structurally contingent governance condition while concentrated control may foster long term orientation and reputational stewardship, it may also weaken governance independence and compromise clinical oversight under conditions of limited regulatory enforcement. The framework positions governance independence as the primary institutional mechanism linking family ownership to organizational outcomes, with service quality and staff retention identified as central mediating pathways shaping long term sustainability. By reconceptualizing governance effectiveness beyond financial metrics, this study advances corporate governance theory and provides a structured model for empirical examination of family controlled healthcare organizations. The analysis offers theoretical refinement and practical guidance for strengthening accountability systems in life critical service environments. Adigwe Festus | Lawrence Damiete "Corporate Governance in Private Healthcare Facilities: A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Family Ownership and Organizational Sustainability" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101257/corporate-governance-in-private-healthcare-facilities-a-conceptual-framework-for-addressing-family-ownership-and-organizational-sustainability/adigwe-festus

The research paper explores the crucial role of sustainable education in advancing social justice and equity in India, a nation facing significant socio economic disparities. Sustainable education is presented as a transformative framework that goes beyond traditional academic learning. It promotes the interconnectedness of environmental awareness, social equity, and economic sustainability, thereby equipping individuals with the necessary skills and values to foster a more just society. The paper highlights the importance of social justice and equity in education, emphasizing that everyone must access essential resources and opportunities regardless of their background. In the Indian context, where inequalities persist in education, healthcare, and economic prospects, sustainable education becomes a powerful tool to address these issues. It aims to create an inclusive environment that not only imparts knowledge but also instils the values of social responsibility and empathy. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the challenges faced in implementing sustainable education, which include systemic inequalities and resistance to change within educational institutions. However, it also highlights emerging trends like experiential learning and the integration of technology, which present opportunities for advancing sustainability in education. Dhananjoy Sarkar | Dr. Bijoy Krishna Panda | Prof. Muktipada Sinha "The Role of Sustainable Education in Promoting Social Justice and Equity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101258.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101258/the-role-of-sustainable-education-in-promoting-social-justice-and-equity/dhananjoy-sarkar

The present study examines the determinants of income and enterprise performance among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises MSMEs in Mizoram using primary survey data from 440 enterprises. Employing Ordinary Least Squares OLS regression, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and Chi square tests, the study investigates the influence of socio economic characteristics, ownership structure, investment patterns, labour employment, and working hours on enterprise income and annual turnover. The results reveal that socio economic factors explain a substantial proportion of income variation. Monthly family income emerges as the strongest predictor of enterprise income, followed by age, education, and engagement in additional occupations. In contrast, gender, marital status, and community do not significantly influence income. Investment plays a decisive role in enterprise performance. Labour employment positively contributes to turnover though capital investment remains the dominant driver. Additionally, working hours show a statistically significant association with turnover. The study highlight the central role of capital intensity, human capital, and locational advantage in shaping MSME performance in Mizoram and provide important policy implications for targeted enterprise development and financial support mechanisms. C. Lalroluahpuia | Prof. Giribabu M. "Determinants of Income and Enterprise Performance among MSMEs in Mizoram" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100247.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/100247/determinants-of-income-and-enterprise-performance-among-msmes-in-mizoram/c-lalroluahpuia

Space science and technology education outreach plays vital roles in inspiring young learners and creating scientific awareness, as well as supporting national development. This study was aimed at examining the impacts and challenges of space science education outreach in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the Centre for Basic Space Science and Astronomy, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The research made use of a descriptive method to examine how space education outreach activities influence students, teachers, schools, and communities, while also identifying some of the challenges faced during implementation. The research shows that some of the impacts of the space education outreach are supporting Nigeria’s space goals, developing future space professionals, fostering space science, enhancing teaching methods, educating the public on space science and Nigerias place in it, promoting community engagement, and increasing interest in STEM education. It was also observed that some of the challenges facing the outreach programme are difficulty in getting approval from schools, insufficient funding for outreach programmes, limited manpower from the office, poor coordination of students by some teachers, inadequate provision of resource materials, and limited access to technology and internet connectivity. The findings reveal that while space science outreach has contributed significantly to science education and awareness in Nigeria, it is still being faced with some challenges that need urgent attention. It was concluded that strengthened institutional support, improved funding, and enhanced collaboration with schools and communities will significantly enhance the success of space education outreach programme in Nigeria. Okpara Richard Tobechi | Okonkwo Henry Okechukwu | Obieti Francis Nzedike | Ozoko Samson Ozoemenam | Falana Solape | Okpara Uchechi Lilian | Omulu Chinedu Emeka | Onyinyechi Williams Nzeribe | Oyibo Muazu "Assessment of the Impacts of Space Science Education Outreach of the Centre for Basic Space Science and Astronomy (CBSSA), Nsukka on Nigeria Education and Some Challenges Faced by the Programme" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101259.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101259/assessment-of-the-impacts-of-space-science-education-outreach-of-the-centre-for-basic-space-science-and-astronomy-cbssa-nsukka-on-nigeria-education-and-some-challenges-faced-by-the-programme/okpara-richard-tobechi

Digital ecosystems refer to dynamic, interconnected networks of organizations, individuals, technologies, and data that co evolve through digital platforms and shared infrastructures. Enabled by advances in cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and application programming interfaces APIs , digital ecosystems facilitate collaboration, innovation, and value co creation across traditional organizational boundaries. Unlike linear value chains, digital ecosystems are characterized by modular architectures, decentralized governance, and network effects, allowing diverse actors such as platform owners, complementors, and users to interact and adapt continuously. These ecosystems enhance scalability and flexibility but also introduce challenges related to governance, data ownership, security, and power asymmetries. In this paper, we highlight the core characteristics of digital ecosystems, their strategic importance, and the key managerial and regulatory implications associated with their development and sustainability in the digital economy. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Ecosystems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/106978/digital-ecosystems/paul-a-adekunte

Blockchain technology is a decentralized digital ledger system that records transactions across a network of computers in a tamper resistant and transparent manner. It can bring to the customer service industry enhanced transparency, security and efficiency. These in turn help increase trust and collaboration between businesses and consumers. Blockchain for customer service is a term used to define how blockchain can enhance customer experience, increase the efficiency of processing refunds and other transactions, and improve customer trust and loyalty. With using blockchain in customer service, businesses can unlock new opportunities for innovation and differentiation in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. This paper explores using blockchain in customer service, for transparency, security, and efficiency. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/107026/blockchain-in-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Viewed through the lens of Lev Vygotsky, this research explores learning as a fundamentally social activity and evaluates how his ideas remain applicable in modern educational contexts. Vygotsky’s socio cultural theory proposes that cognitive growth begins in social interaction and is shaped by cultural tools, particularly language. Concepts such as the Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding frame learning as a collaborative, culturally grounded process rather than an isolated individual endeavor. Adopting a qualitative and theoretical methodology, the study relies on secondary sources including academic books, peer reviewed articles, and contemporary research on technology supported instruction, dialogic pedagogy, and cooperative learning. To extend Vygotsky’s ideas into present day classrooms, the discussion engages with the work of influential scholars such as Jerome Bruner, Albert Bandura, Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger, Paulo Freire, and Robin Alexander. The findings indicate that meaningful learning depends on dialogue shaped by language, structured guidance, active participation, social relationships, and collaborative effort. When thoughtfully integrated, digital technologies can further strengthen these social dimensions of learning. The study underscores the need for learner focused, participatory, and culturally responsive strategies, particularly in curriculum planning, teaching methods, and assessment practices. Overall, the conclusions reaffirm that learning is deeply rooted in social and cultural contexts. Applying a Vygotskian framework in contemporary education offers valuable direction for teachers, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to design inclusive, interactive, and effective learning environments that promote critical thinking, authentic engagement, and shared knowledge construction. Sheauli Das "Learning as a Social Process: A Vygotskian Perspective on Modern Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101252.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101252/learning-as-a-social-process-a-vygotskian-perspective-on-modern-education/sheauli-das

Teacher education is anessential component of the educational system as it makes future teachers to develop students’ knowledge, skills, and values. In India, the rapid expansion of private teacher education institutions has increased access to professional training programs such as Bachelor of Education B.Ed. and Diploma in Elementary Education D.El.Ed. . However, this growth has also raised serious concerns regarding the quality of teacher preparation. The present study examines the issues affecting the quality of teacher education programs in private colleges in West Bengal and investigates how corruption and administrative malpractice influence teacher competency. The study focuses on institutional infrastructure, faculty recruitment practices, salary irregularities, academic monitoring, and the implementation of teaching practicum. A survey method was used to collect data from teacher educators and student teachers. The findings suggest that weak regulatory monitoring, financial corruption, and administrative pressure significantly undermine academic standards and professional preparation. The study recommends stronger regulatory mechanisms, transparent governance, and improved institutional accountability to ensure quality teacher education. Samarjit Majumder "Quality Issues in Teacher Education Programs (B.Ed. & D.El.Ed.): Practical Limitations of Private Colleges in West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106969.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/106969/quality-issues-in-teacher-education-programs-bed-and-deled-practical-limitations-of-private-colleges-in-west-bengal/samarjit-majumder

Environmental policy refers to the strategies, laws, and institutional frameworks designed to regulate human activities that impact the natural environment. It addresses key issues such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion through regulatory measures, market based instruments, and voluntary initiatives. It is guided by principles such as sustainable development, the precautionary principles, and the polluter pays principle. Environmental policy operates at international, national, and local levels. Global agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement, and the Convention on Biological Diversity are demonstrations of coordinated international efforts to address environmental challenges. Despite progress, effective implementation remains constrained by political, economic, and institutional challenges. Therefore, strengthened governance, stakeholder engagement, and evidence based decision making are crucial to achieving long term environmental sustainability and resilience. This paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of environmental policy to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Environmental Policy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101260.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101260/environmental-policy/paul-a-adekunte

Inclusive education has emerged as a fundamental principle in modern education systems, emphasizing equal access and participation for all learners regardless of ability, background, gender, language, or socio economic status. The increasing diversity in classrooms requires teachers who are adequately prepared to address varied learning needs through inclusive pedagogical practices. This paper examines the concept of inclusive education and explores the importance of teacher preparation for managing diverse classrooms. It reviews existing literature, discusses key strategies for inclusive teaching, and highlights challenges faced by teachers. The paper also proposes recommendations for strengthening teacher education programs to ensure effective implementation of inclusive education. Paramita Karmakar "Inclusive Education and Teacher Preparation for Diverse Classrooms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/106968/inclusive-education-and-teacher-preparation-for-diverse-classrooms/paramita-karmakar

The study using eco criticism and literary techniques including comparison and analysis how the ‘sea’ is used as the evocation of the climbing complexity of Herman Melville’s Moby Dick 1851 , Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea 1952 , and Yann Martel’s Life of Pi 2001 within the field of literature, specifically as it relates to how the ‘sea’ represents both a geographic space but also an extensive symbol of humankind’s aspiration to achieve to strive and conquer against his own existential prohibitions how common humankind has an exceedingly complex and fragile interplay with nature and ultimately the profound spiritual transformation experienced through the many hurdles he faces during his environmental journey. By defining the sea as an undefined, vast, trespassable wilderness in which humanity meets Earth’s greatest natural forces, the study analyses how the literary images created by the authors define the meaning behind human experiences as they relate to the sea through contrasting references within each author’s text. It also demonstrates how Melville used Captain Ahab’s monomaniacal pursuit of the white whale to exemplify nature’s overpowering force upon humanity’s desire to achieve whilst, in contrast, Hemingway used Santiago’s endurance against the sea to represent the human spirits ability to withstand unspeakable hardship while reconciling itself, with nature further, it assess Martel’s depiction of the sea as a transformative experience based upon the author’s ability create faith, imagination, and flexibility to adapt in response to challenges faced by humanity when confronting nature. Shuvadip Das "Seafaring Sagas: ‘Sea’ as a Literary Trope in Hemingway, Melville, and Martel’s Select Nautical Narratives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106977.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/106977/seafaring-sagas-‘sea’-as-a-literary-trope-in-hemingway-melville-and-martel’s-select-nautical-narratives/shuvadip-das

Technology has become a vital component in modern education, transforming traditional teaching and learning practices. This study introduces the integration of technology into pre service teacher education as well as investigating how it could improve the skills needed by preparing students for life in digital classrooms. The study explores the current situation of technology integration within teacher education programs and evaluates its impact on pre service teachers teaching competencies, identifies the challenges faced by teacher educators and trainees, and provides suggestions about how technology can be adapted. The research takes a qualitative descriptive perspective from secondary sources including books, research papers articles, policy documents, and educational reports. The results imply that technology integration improves instructional practices, fosters interactive learning environments, and improves pre service teachers digital competencies. The use of these technologies in practice, however, is undermined by a host of challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of training, and limited institutional support. It results from the review, which finds that enhancing technological facilities, curriculum design, and professional training will provide a boost in technology integration for pre service teacher education. Sahajahan Ali "Exploring Technology Integration in Pre-Service Teacher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101261.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101261/exploring-technology-integration-in-preservice-teacher-education/sahajahan-ali

The integration of artificial intelligence AI across domains has intensified focus on Human AI collaboration. This paper examines best practices for integrating AI systems with human capabilities, highlighting the synergy between human expertise and machine learning to optimize decision making, creativity, and productivity. The research explores theoretical models of collaboration, the technological foundations that support these systems, and real world applications across industries such as healthcare, business, finance, and creative sectors. Key challenges, including trust, bias, transparency, and ethical considerations, are discussed to clarify barriers to successful collaboration. The paper also presents a forward looking perspective on the future of AI human partnerships, emphasizing the role of emerging technologies such as neural interfaces and quantum computing. Best practices for AI design, transparency, and the continuous development of human AI interaction skills are outlined. The findings underscore the need for a collaborative approach that prioritizes human values, fairness, and inclusivity to ensure the effective and responsible deployment of AI technologies. Dr. Satya Prakash | Dr. Salman "Human-AI Collaboration: Best Practices for Effective Integration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101262.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101262/humanai-collaboration-best-practices-for-effective-integration/dr-satya-prakash

A customer service chatbot is a conversational tool usually powered by artificial intelligence AI that engages in conversations with customers. Modern customer service chatbots range from simple rule based systems to sophisticated AI powered assistants capable of understanding context, learning from interactions, and handling complex customer needs. These digital assistants operate through text or voice interfaces. They provide quick, consistent responses to customer queries, encouraging self service interactions. Businesses across various industries are increasingly adopting chatbots for customer support to enhance customer satisfaction, reduce operational costs, and streamline processes. By using these tools, businesses stand to significantly reduce operational costs, gain a better understanding of their client base, and improve the customer experience. The present paper examines chatbots and their applications in customer service. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Customer Service Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101338/customer-service-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Under the guidance of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, curriculum ideology and politics has become a core component of talent cultivation in universities. Aiming at the problems such as fragmented resources, single teaching mode and disconnection between industry and education integration in the construction of curriculum ideology and politics for the core course group of applied statistics major, this paper explores the practical paths from three dimensions the construction of resource database, the innovation of teaching mode and the improvement of collaborative mechanism. By building a systematic curriculum ideology and politics resource database, constructing a three dimensional collaborative teaching mode of theoretical teaching case practice value guidance , and establishing a long term mechanism integrating curriculum ideology and politics with industry education integration, the in depth integration of professional education and ideological and political education is realized, which provides a promotable practical paradigm for the construction of curriculum ideology and politics in applied statistics and similar majors. Tao Li "Exploration on the Practical Paths of Curriculum Ideology and Politics in the Core Course Group of Applied Statistics Major" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101263.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101263/exploration-on-the-practical-paths-of-curriculum-ideology-and-politics-in-the-core-course-group-of-applied-statistics-major/tao-li

Education has long been considered a important means of shaping societies, especially in the environment of sustainable and inclusive development envisaged under the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda. Within this broader frame, the present review attempts to explore how the Sustainable Development pretensions are reflected in educational conversations, with specific attention to Urdu Subject Textbooks. Rather than treating Textbooks as neutral documents, this study approaches them as carriers of values, precedence’s, and ideological direction. A aggregate of sixty exploration studies fastening on SDG’s and text evaluation were examined in depth. For logical clarity, the literature was organized around five major themes Quality Education, Gender Equality, Reduced Inequalities, Climate Action, and Peace and Justice with a global citizenship perspective. This thematic grouping helped in relating recreating patterns as well as silences within being education. The review suggests that although education is constantly described as an agent of social metamorphosis, the factual content of academy Textbooks does not always reflect this transformative eventuality. References to sustainability, gender perceptivity, environmental responsibility, and peace education frequently appear scattered or laterally framed rather than totally bedded. In numerous cases, these themes are present at a face position without deeper critical engagement. thus, the study highlights the need for further deliberate curricular restructuring and clearer integration of SDG related perspectives within language education accoutrements. It also identifies important gaps in empirical exploration concerning the alignment of secondary position Urdu Textbooks with the broader objects of the Sustainable Development Goals. Saba Parveen | Dr. Smita Srivastava "Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of SDG’S Addressing Equality Climate Change and Peace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106979.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/106979/education-for-sustainable-development-a-review-of-sdg’s-addressing-equality-climate-change-and-peace/saba-parveen

In this research, Silver Telluride Ag2Te and Cerium doped Silver Telluride Ce Ag2Te , thin films have been successfully deposited onto FTO glass substrate using electrodeposition method to investigate the influence of Ce doping on the structural properties of Ag2Te thin films. Silver trioxonitrate V and tellurium iv oxide were the precursors used for silver and tellurium ions. Depositions of films made from cerium doped silver telluride were conducted at room temperature. Variations of structural properties with concentration of cerium dopant, deposition time and with pH were considered in this research. The percentages concentration of cerium dopant used are 5 and10.0 . The Structural properties of Ag2Te and Ce doped Ag2Te thin films were investigated using X ray diffractometry. The structural properties analysis of pure Ag2Te and cerium doped Ag2Te thin films reveals significant changes in crystallographic properties crystallite size, micro strain and dislocation density with increasing cerium concentration. The increase in crystallite size, coupled with the decrease in micro strain and dislocation density, suggests that cerium doping improves the structural quality of Ag2Te thin films, potentially enhancing their properties. The higher intensities of the doped samples diffraction peaks imply better crystallinity and possibly lower defect densities, which are beneficial for applications requiring high quality crystalline materials. Longer deposition times and optimizing pH enhance crystallinity, where lower values generally improve crystal quality by reducing lattice distortions. The findings highlight how controlled doping, deposition time, and pH conditions can fine tune the structural properties of cerium doped silver telluride thin films, making it suitable for applications in optoelectronics and electronic devices. Lois Ugomma Okafor | Amaechi Okafor Anthony | Sylvester Emeka Abonyi "Influence of Cerium (Ce) Doping on the Structural Properties of Silver Telluride (Ag2Te) Thin Films Deposited by Electrodeposition Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101341.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/101341/influence-of-cerium-ce-doping-on-the-structural-properties-of-silver-telluride-ag2te-thin-films-deposited-by-electrodeposition-method/lois-ugomma-okafor

The present study describes the steps to take and the results of an HPTLC approach that is simple, sensitive, specific, and stable that may be used to quantify the GnRH receptor antagonist Relugolix, which is used to treat prostate cancer. The desired separation was accomplished by using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, and orthophosphoric acid in a ratio of 6 3 1, v v v, on silica gel 60 F2 4 aluminum plates. An Rf value of 0.45 ± 0.02 was obtained from the densitometric detection at 254 nm, where Relugolix showed a clear and well separated peak. An outstanding linear response was shown by a correlation coefficient R² of 0.998, which was determined to be linear throughout the concentration range of 100 500 ng spot. With an intra day and inter day RSD 1 , the method demonstrated excellent accuracy, and recovery rates ranged from 99.28 to 99.38 . We found that the limit of detection LOD is 18 µL and the limit of quantification LOQ is 84 µL, indicating that it is very sensitive. There was no interference from excipients, as shown by specificity testing, and consistent performance was shown by robustness tests when subjected to small variations in chromatographic settings. This HPTLC technique is a reliable option for regular quality control, stability testing, and quantitative estimate of Relugolix in bulk medication and pharmaceutical dosage forms since it meets all the validation standards outlined in the ICH Q2 R1 recommendations. Dr. Sachin Bhusari | Sanjivani Gavhale "Development and Validation of a Novel HPTLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Relugolix in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd100243.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/100243/development-and-validation-of-a-novel-hptlc-method-for-quantitative-determination-of-relugolix-in-pharmaceutical-dosage-forms/dr-sachin-bhusari

This research determined the ICT integration in teaching learning towards the level of competence in English among Grade VI learners of Basak Elementary School, North District in Mandaue City for the school year 2024 2025 as basis for crafting interactive learning activities. Additionally, findings on teacher demographics showed that most educators were 41 50 years old, female, and held masters units, with relevant training predominantly conducted at the division level. Learners relied heavily on mobile phones for learning, while PCs and other devices were less utilized, emphasizing the need for broader access to ICT resources. The study underscores the necessity of continuous teacher training, responsible digital literacy programs, and structured technology based interventions to maximize ICTs potential in language learning. Future research should explore the long term impacts of ICT integration and assess varied instructional strategies to enhance foundational and advanced writing competencies. This also examined the impact of ICT integration on learners English competence, focusing on its usefulness, ease of use, and influence on writing skills. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between ICT integration and language proficiency, confirming that digital tools enhance comprehension, grammar, and writing abilities. Learners strongly agreed that ICT improves understanding, facilitates assignments, and enhances productivity. At the same time, results on writing proficiency showed greater mastery in sentence construction than in persuasive essay writing, highlighting a need for targeted interventions. Despite these benefits, significant challenges identified included insufficient technical proficiency, ineffective management of digital learning materials, and student misuse of technology, which hinder full ICT adoption. This study highlights the critical role of ICT in modern education, advocating for sustained investment in digital resources and pedagogical innovations and recommended to use the crafted interactive learning activities for basic English. Cindy L. Fauvel | Rufino T. Tudlasan Jr "Maximizing the Potential of ICT Integration in Teaching-Learning Basic English: Interactive Learning Activities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101342.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101342/maximizing-the-potential-of-ict-integration-in-teachinglearning-basic-english-interactive-learning-activities/cindy-l-fauvel

The increasing demand for electricity across all sectors of human activity necessitates sophisticated analytical approaches for optimizing distribution systems while ensuring data privacy and ethical compliance. This study presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing electricity distribution data using data science methodologies, with particular emphasis on the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining CRISP DM framework. Utilizing electricity distribution data from the National Bureau of Statistics NBS spanning 2015 to Q2 2024, we evaluate multiple data science tools including R, Python, and TensorFlow, alongside various analytical approaches encompassing machine learning, deep learning, statistical analysis, and exploratory data analysis. The study systematically compares four data science management approaches CRISP DM, Agile, Team Data Science Process TDSP , and SEMMA providing evidence based recommendations for electricity distribution organizations. Furthermore, we conduct a critical examination of ethical challenges inherent in electricity data analysis, focusing on bias mitigation, privacy preservation, and transparency requirements. Our findings indicate that the combination of R programming for statistical analysis, machine learning approaches for pattern recognition and forecasting, and CRISP DM methodology for project management offers the most robust framework for electricity distribution data analysis. The study contributes practical guidelines for utility companies seeking to leverage data science while maintaining ethical standards and regulatory compliance, ultimately supporting improved decision making in the energy sector. Chinonso Job | Onwe, Festus Chijioke "A Comprehensive Data Science Framework for Electricity Distribution Analysis: Integrating Machine Learning, Ethical Considerations, and Crisp-Dm Methodology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106994.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/106994/a-comprehensive-data-science-framework-for-electricity-distribution-analysis-integrating-machine-learning-ethical-considerations-and-crispdm-methodology/chinonso-job

The definitional system of financial consumers, formed under the traditional separate regulatory framework, increasingly exhibits fragmentation and inconsistency. Concepts of consumers or investors constructed by industries such as banking, securities, and insurance based on their respective institutional logics fail to accurately reflect the true risk structure of financial products in cross institutional and cross channel sales scenarios. This not only leads to practical dilemmas such as inconsistent regulatory standards and divergent judicial adjudication scales but also hinders the effective flow of behavioral risk information within the financial regulatory system. Against the backdrop of unified legislation for the Financial Stability Law, reconstructing the legal definition of financial consumers has become both a practical necessity and an institutional imperative. It is essential to construct a cross industry unified basic definition of financial consumers, centered on functional attributes and risk exposure. Under this unified concept, a multi tiered protection rule system should be established, institutional behavioral obligations unified, and consumer behavioral data integrated into the systemic risk monitoring framework. By promoting the coordinated application of regulatory, judicial, and industry self regulatory rules, a unified definition of financial consumers is poised to become a crucial institutional fulcrum connecting micro prudential conduct regulation with macro financial stability, providing a solid conceptual foundation for the effective implementation of the Financial Stability Law. Lei Zhuoer "Toward Unification: A Jurisprudential Reshaping of the Definition of Financial Consumer in the Era of the Financial Stability Law" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106983.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/106983/toward-unification-a-jurisprudential-reshaping-of-the-definition-of-financial-consumer-in-the-era-of-the-financial-stability-law/lei-zhuoer

Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources, playing a significant role in modern power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of a grid connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG based hybrid wind photovoltaic PV energy system, including system configuration, power converters, and control strategies. An adaptive droop control strategy is implemented in the grid side converter GSC to achieve effective frequency regulation and enhance microgrid stability under varying operating conditions. The proposed system also incorporates Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT and DC link voltage regulation to ensure efficient energy extraction and stable operation. A modified PV DFIG configuration is employed, where PV power is injected into the grid through both rotor side and grid side converters, eliminating the need for an additional PV converter and improving system efficiency. The coordinated control approach enables simultaneous regulation of DC link voltage, system frequency, and power flow. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink using dynamic equations in multiple reference frames. Simulation results demonstrate improved voltage, current, frequency response, and power characteristics, validating the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for enhanced stability and performance of hybrid renewable energy systems. Sharvesh Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Adaptive Droop Control Strategy for Frequency Regulation and Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Hybrid Wind-PV Microgrid with Battery Energy Storage" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101343.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/101343/adaptive-droop-control-strategy-for-frequency-regulation-and-stability-enhancement-of-gridconnected-dfigbased-hybrid-windpv-microgrid-with-battery-energy-storage/sharvesh-kumar

In recent years, women’s participation in entrepreneurship has gained considerable attention as a key factor in promoting balanced and inclusive economic progress, particularly within developing and emerging economies. This study examines the contribution of women owned enterprises across multiple dimensions, including economic expansion, employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and the creation of socially impactful innovations. Using a qualitative research approach, the study integrates insights from scholarly literature, international reports, and relevant case studies to better understand both the influence of women entrepreneurs and the structural and social barriers that limit their growth. It also evaluates the effectiveness of existing policy measures designed to support women led businesses. The analysis indicates that women entrepreneurs make meaningful contributions to national income and job creation while also playing a vital role in strengthening local communities and driving social change. Despite these contributions, their progress is often constrained by challenges such as restricted access to financial resources, deeply rooted societal expectations, and insufficient institutional support. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for more focused and inclusive policy interventions that can address these barriers and create a supportive environment, enabling women entrepreneurs to fully realize their potential in emerging economic contexts. Nikita Yadav | Harry George | Dr. Monika Payal "Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Driving Inclusive Economic Development in Emerging Markets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101344.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101344/role-of-women-entrepreneurship-in-driving-inclusive-economic-development-in-emerging-markets/nikita-yadav

Begomoviruses, which are members of the Geminiviridae family, are among the most economically significant groups of plant viruses, causing substantial losses in a variety of crops across the globe. These viruses are mainly spread by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner. They have circular single stranded DNA genomes that are encapsidated in distinctive geminate particles. Begomoviruses are divided into monopartite and bipartite forms based on the organization of their genomes each type has a different genomic makeup and functional characteristics. Numerous proteins crucial for viral replication, gene expression, intracellular migration, and inhibition of host defense mechanisms are encoded by the begomovirus genome. Many begomoviruses are associated with subviral molecules, such as alphasatellites, betasatellites, and deltasatellites, in addition to their genomic components. These satellites have been shown to affect the onset of symptoms and increase pathogenicity. These satellites are found to affect how symptoms manifest, exacerbate disease, and alter the way the virus and the host plant interact. The way the proteins, the host plants, the vectors and the satellites all work together is very complicated and helps the begomoviruses infect plants, adapt and spread. Begomoviruses infect diverse plant species, evolve rapidly, and are efficiently spread by vectors, thereby posing a serious challenge to sustainable agriculture. This review examines begomoviruses in detail, including how their genes are organized, what their proteins do, how they are transmitted by vectors, the role of satellites, and how they interact with plants and affect plant health. Understanding these aspects is essential for developing effective strategies to control begomoviruses and cultivate resistant plant varieties. Akanksha Singh | H. K. Chourasia "An Overview of Begomoviruses: Structure, Functions, and Interactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/101345/an-overview-of-begomoviruses-structure-functions-and-interactions/akanksha-singh

The study was a true experimental post test only design . The problem stated as“a study to assess the effectiveness of sitz bath on episiotomy wound healing and pain among the postnatal mothers at selected hospitals, Lucknow. The present study was conducted to assess the wound healing and pain of postnatal mothers on episiotomy. The design was true experimental posttest only design. A total 60 postnatal mothers 30 postnatal mothers in experimental group and 30 postnatal mothers in control group who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as samples from the selected hospitals, Lucknow. The samples were selected by using simple random table method sampling technique.The investigator first introduced herself to the samples and developed rapport with them. After the selection of samples, the interview was being conducted with the instrument.The statistical analysis revealed that there is significant difference between post test levels of wound healing and pain scores of experimental group indicated the given sitz bath was effective. Ms. Neha Verma "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Sitz Bath on Episiotomy Wound Healing and Pain Among the Postnatal Mothers at Selected Hospitals, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107004.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/107004/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-sitz-bath-on-episiotomy-wound-healing-and-pain-among-the-postnatal-mothers-at-selected-hospitals-lucknow/ms-neha-verma

Social media has become an integral part of daily life, especially among university students. While it provides opportunities for communication, information sharing, and educational engagement, extensive use may also influence student’s mental health and well being. The present study examines the impact of social media usage on the mental health of university students in the selected areas of West Bengal. The research is based on primary data collected from universities students through questionnaires and interviews. The study explores the patterns of social media usages, preferred platforms, time spent online and psychological effects associated with prolonged exposure. Findings revel that most students frequently use social media platforms such as face book, Instagram, and you tubes mainly through mobile phones for communication, entertainment, and educational purposes. However, prolonged use of social media for more than three to four hours daily tends to increases the risk of addiction, distraction from academic activities and mental stress among students. At the same time, moderate use of social media also provides positive outcomes such as information access, connectivity and motivation. The study highlights that there is a significant relationship between the duration of social media is essential to minimize negative psychological impacts and promote the well being of university students. Rehena Sultana | Sanchari Kar "Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of University Students: Selected Cases from West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101346.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/101346/impact-of-social-media-on-the-mental-health-of-university-students-selected-cases-from-west-bengal/rehena-sultana

Airports around the world are increasingly introducing digital technologies to improve passenger services and operational efficiency. Self service check in kiosks, mobile applications, and biometric systems have become more widely used, particularly after the COVID 19 pandemic encouraged the adoption of contactless services. Despite these developments, limited research has examined how passengers experience these technologies in regional airports in Thailand. This study explored passenger experiences with digital technologies at an airport in Thailand. A qualitative approach was adopted using semi structured interviews with passengers who had recently travelled through the airport and had experience using digital services such as self service kiosks, mobile applications, or biometric identification systems. The purpose of the study was to understand how these technologies influence passengers’ perceptions of convenience, usability, and efficiency during the check in process. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common patterns in passenger experiences. Several strategies were applied to strengthen the credibility of the research, including member checking and careful documentation of the analysis process. Ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection, and all participant information was treated confidentially. The results indicate that digital technologies generally help improve convenience and efficiency during the airport travel process. However, the findings also show that passengers’ experiences are influenced by factors such as system usability, clarity of information, trust in biometric technologies, and the availability of staff assistance. While many passengers appreciate the efficiency of digital systems, some users still rely on human support when encountering unfamiliar technologies. Overall, this study provides insight into how passengers experience digital technologies in a regional airport context. The findings contribute to the application of the Technology Acceptance Model TAM , SERVQUAL, and the Diffusion of Innovation DOI in understanding passenger perceptions of digital airport services. The results may also assist airport managers in improving the design and implementation of digital services to better support passenger needs. Supornthip Loetheerathakul | Bordin Phayaphrom | Pathom Sawatmuang "Passenger Experiences with Digital Technology in an Airport in Thailand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106987.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/106987/passenger-experiences-with-digital-technology-in-an-airport-in-thailand/supornthip-loetheerathakul

This report gives the details about the layout of closed loop hydraulic energy regenerative system for hydrostatic transmission drive using hydraulic accumulator and its modeling. This report discussed about the introduction of closed circuit, hydrostatic transmission drive and hydraulic accumulator. The system was based on a closed loop hydrostatic transmission and used a hydraulic accumulator as the energy storage system fabricated in a novel configuration to recover the kinetic energy without any reversion of the fluid flow. The proposed system was modeled based on its physical attributes. The accumulator is used in a novel way to recover the kinetic energy without reversion of fluid flow. Both variable displacement hydraulic pump motors are used when the system operates in the flow coupling configuration so as to enable it to meet the di cult requirements of some industrial and mobile applications. This paper presents the introduction, mathematical modeling and review of the engineering and mechanics of all the components used in the developed hydraulic system. The experimental results indicated that the designed system was effective and that the round trip recovery e ciency varied from 22 to 59 for the test bench. Mahabub Sultan | Nazmul Hasan Anik Chawdhuy | Nikunjun Sarker Akash "Aircraft Servo Control Hydrostatic Transmission System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107013.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/aerospace-engineering/107013/aircraft-servo-control-hydrostatic-transmission-system/mahabub-sultan

Omnichannel refers to a fully integrated approach that has the potential to create an interconnected experience—providing customers with seamless service, regardless of whether they are using email, social media, telephone, or even in person channels. This allows customers to move freely between channels without experiencing interruptions or having to repeat context from previous interactions. Omnichannel customer service is a support strategy that creates connected and consistent experiences across all customer interactions, no matter the channel. It is a customer experience strategy that creates connected and consistent customer interactions across channels. It provides a modern, customizable, high productivity app that allows agents to engage with customers across different channels. This paper introduces readers to omnichannel customer service and its various applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Omnichannel Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101349.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101349/omnichannel-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study examined the effectiveness of radio based instruction as a parent teacher collaboration activity for Kindergarten learners at Southville 5A Elementary School Langkiwa, Biñan City, Laguna, Philippines, during the School Year 2020 2021. A descriptive research design was employed, involving 228 parents and 13 teachers. Data were collected using a researcher developed questionnaire and analyzed through frequency, percentage, weighted mean, one way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r correlation. Findings revealed that the majority of teacher respondents were young, female, and bachelor’s degree holders with several years of teaching experience, while most parent respondents were female, high school graduates, and not formally employed. Both groups demonstrated a consistently high level of collaboration across all phases of radio based instruction. Teachers and parents strongly agreed on key practices such as maintaining regular communication, guiding learners during broadcasts, and monitoring task completion after the sessions, as reflected in high mean ratings across indicators. Further analysis indicated that differences and relationships between respondents’ demographic characteristics and their level of collaboration were not statistically significant, suggesting that effective collaboration is not influenced by profile variables but rather by shared responsibility and engagement. Based on these findings, a Mother Tongue based radio instructional script was developed to support early literacy. The study concludes that radio based instruction, strengthened by active parent teacher collaboration, is a viable and effective supplemental learning modality in alternative education settings. Charmy M. Hernandez "Radio-Based Instruction for Kindergarten: A Parent-Teacher Collaboration Activity in Southville 5A Elementary School Langkiwa, Binan City, Laguna" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101347.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101347/radiobased-instruction-for-kindergarten-a-parentteacher-collaboration-activity-in-southville-5a-elementary-school-langkiwa-binan-city-laguna/charmy-m-hernandez

Customer sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a comprehensive approach to understanding customers emotions, opinions, and attitudes about your brand across all touchpoints. It is a form of data science that uses artificial intelligence AI , machine learning, and natural language processing NLP to analyze customer feedback and customer reviews in real time from across an organization. It is the process businesses use to understand how customers feel about their products, services, or brand. It is like a digital mood detector for customer opinions, helping businesses make smarter decisions. Sentiment analysis in customer experience refers to the data analysis process of understanding and measuring how a customer feels about a particular product, service or brand. Its main goal is understanding a customers’ feelings and emotions toward the brand. This paper explores how sentiment analysis impacts customer service. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Sentiment Analysis for Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101348.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101348/sentiment-analysis-for-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Immersive technologies may be regarded as any form of technology that allows the blurring of virtual and real worlds while providing a sense of immersion. The most prominent examples of immersive technologies are augmented reality AR and virtual reality VR . VR is often considered an appropriate immersive technology for the pre planning stage, while AR is mainly used to enhance the on trip experience with social media and is being employed for post trip sharing, rating, and reminiscing. Immersive technologies let you experience the product before you commit to buy. The retail sector has already started to introduce various applications of immersive technologies as part of marketing and sale strategies. This paper explores how businesses can cultivate an immersive customer service experience. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Customer Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/107027/immersive-technologies-in-customer-service/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence AI into journalistic workflows has intensified the need for structured institutional governance frameworks capable of moving beyond principle based declarations toward measurable accountability architectures. This study develops and operationalizes the Artificial Intelligence Governance Maturity Index AGMI , a weighted, three dimensional assessment model designed to evaluate governance capacity within journalism institutions. The framework comprises fifteen indicators distributed across Awareness, Auditing, and Accountability dimensions, aggregated through a theoretically justified weighting structure. To enhance methodological rigor, the indicator architecture was subjected to structured expert validation to assess conceptual relevance and dimensional alignment. In addition, an analytical statistical reliability demonstration using simulated institutional profiles was conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural coherence. Results indicate satisfactory dimensional reliability and composite stability under varied institutional conditions. By translating normative AI governance principles into a structured maturity measurement instrument, the AGMI contributes a replicable benchmarking tool for institutional self assessment and cross organizational comparison. While large scale empirical deployment remains a direction for future research, the study establishes a robust conceptual and methodological foundation for AI governance maturity evaluation in journalism ecosystems. Dr. Saoud Sarwar | Rehan Saeed Khan "Measuring Ethical AI Governance in Journalism: Development and Validation of the 3A Maturity Index" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107022.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/107022/measuring-ethical-ai-governance-in-journalism-development-and-validation-of-the-3a-maturity-index/dr-saoud-sarwar

Climate change remains one of the most critical global environmental challenges of the 21st century. Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasize its growing intensity and widespread impact across the globe. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the prevention of climate change among adults in a selected setting in Chennai. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and a rating scale to evaluate attitude. The findings revealed that 46 of participants had adequate knowledge, while 52 demonstrated a favourable attitude and there is a positive significant correlation r=0.681, p=0.01 is observed between knowledge and attitude and the study result was supported by Lee K et al. 2020 found a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude toward climate change prevention r = 0.65, p 0.01 . The findings indicated that individuals with higher levels of knowledge demonstrated more favourable attitudes toward environmental protection, supporting the present study which also shows a positive significant relationship r = 0.681, p = 0.01 between knowledge and attitude respectively. The study concludes that there is a need to enhance understanding, awareness, and perceptions among adults to promote positive attitudes and effective behaviors toward climate change prevention. Mrs. P. Umalakshmi | Mrs. N. Tamilselvi "Assess the Knowledge and Attitude on Prevention of Climatic Change Among Adults" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101350.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101350/assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-on-prevention-of-climatic-change-among-adults/mrs-p-umalakshmi

Oil extraction using Jatropha gossypiifolia linnues seeds is also becoming an important issue, which needs to be optimized to enhance the efficiency of biodiesel feedstock and the sustainability of the process as a whole. It is the research of the impact of microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment methods on the yield of oil extraction within the purpose to define the optimum operating conditions and compare the performance of these techniques related to the efficiency of their operation, the amount of energy used, and the quality of oils. The research studies were carried out at diverse temperatures 40 800C and exposure durations 15 45 minutes and Response Surface Methodology RSM was used to simulate and optimize the extraction process. The findings indicated that both pretreatment procedures were found to significantly increase the recovery of oil in comparison to untreated seeds 27.43 . Microwave pretreatment recorded a maximum yield of 30.56 at 800C in 15 minutes, which is equivalent to an equivalent improvement of 11.41, and ultrasonic pretreatment recorded a higher yield of 32.18 at 800C in 30 minutes, which is equivalent to an increase of 17.32 . ANOVA statistical analysis revealed significant effects of temperature, time and their interaction on the extraction yield p 0.05 where temperature had the most significant effect. Optimized parameters of the RSM were 76.40C in 18.2 min in case of micro wave pretreatment and 78.30C in 32.5 min in case of ultrasonic pretreatment with prediction error of less than 1 , which is a high degree of model reliability. Mechanically, the microwave pretreatment was more effective in oil extraction because it increases the release of oil by means of dielectric heating and internal cell rupturing, whereas the ultrasonic pretreatment uses a combination of thermal and cavity disruption to increase the effectiveness of the extraction. Besides increased yield, oil of better quality was obtained under ultrasonic pretreatment, which had a low acid value and free fatty acid content. Despite the fact that ultrasonic pretreatment also needed more energy input, economic evaluation showed that the extra oil recovered compensated the extra energy expense making it to generate more net revenue than microwave pretreatment. Nasir A. U | Uzoije A. P | Anyanwu J. C | Nwachukwu J. I "Optimization of Jatropha (Gossypiifolia Linneus) Seed Oil Extraction Using Microwave and Ultrasonic Pretreatment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101351.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/101351/optimization-of-jatropha-gossypiifolia-linneus-seed-oil-extraction-using-microwave-and-ultrasonic-pretreatment/nasir-a-u

A chatbot is a computer program designed to simulate human conversations and interact with users in a natural language format. An HR chatbot is an AI assistant designed to automate complex human resources workflows and provide real time support to candidates and employees. The primary goal of an HR chatbot is to automate the time consuming and repetitive manual HR tasks and processes, thereby elevating employee experience and reducing the burden on the HR support team. These chatbots can also assist in gathering employee feedback, conducting surveys, and facilitating employee self service, allowing HR agents to focus on more complex and strategic responsibilities. This paper introduces the readers to the various uses of HR chatbots. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Chatbots for Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101352.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101352/chatbots-for-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This action research examined the effectiveness of the VIEW Program in developing a positive attitude towards Mathematics and enhancing the numeracy skills of Grade 7 students at Dasmariñas East Integrated High School Year, 2020 2021. The VIEW Program comprising Video presentations, Interactive games, Enhancement activities, and Window cards was designed to provide engaging, mastery oriented learning experiences for non numerate students. A one group pre test post test design was employed to measure changes in students’ attitudes and numeracy levels, while Pearson’s Chi square test assessed the relationship between these variables. Findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ attitudes, with increased confidence, enjoyment, and perception of Mathematics as relevant to daily life. Numeracy levels also showed significant gains across whole numbers, decimals, and fractions. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between attitude and numeracy, highlighting that fostering positive attitudes directly supports skill development. The study underscores the value of integrating non cognitive skill development into Mathematics instruction to enhance learning outcomes. Jomar R. Rapatan "VIEW Program: Developing Positive Attitude Towards Mathematics to Enhance Numeracy Level" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101395.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101395/view-program-developing-positive-attitude-towards-mathematics-to-enhance-numeracy-level/jomar-r-rapatan

An ecommerce chatbot is a tool that uses either pre programmed rules or artificial intelligence AI to interact with customers in real time. It is a digital solution driven by AI that online retailers may implement on their websites and social applications to interact with customers at every stage of the buying process. A chatbot is a perfect tool because it does not require training and can assist with sales and customer care. Ecommerce chatbots help online retailers and brands provide instant support, answer questions, recommend products, and guide customers to complete a purchase. This chatbot’s capabilities are ideal for driving sales, managing pipeline activities, and providing personalized communication. This paper analyzes the impact of chatbots on ecommerce. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Ecommerce Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101353.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101353/ecommerce-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Nadi Pariksha, an ancient Ayurvedic technique, is a non invasive diagnostic and health prediction method that relies on the examination of a patients pulse to gather insights into their physiological, mental, and emotional state. We review the historical and philosophical context of this technique and explore its significance in contemporary Ayurvedic medicine. We discuss the methodology of Nadi Pariksha, including the identification and interpretation of pulse characteristics, and provide examples of its use in diagnosing and managing various health conditions. Additionally, we examine the scientific literature to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of Nadi Pariksha as a diagnostic tool, highlighting its potential benefits and limitations. This survey offers a holistic understanding of Nadi Pariksha, emphasizing its value as a complementary diagnostic and health prediction approach in the modern healthcare landscape. In Ayurveda we find the mention of a very important diagnostic tool referred to as the Ashtvidhpariksha. Nadi pariksha forms an inevitable part of this Ashtvidha Pariksha. The purpose of the present study is, to impoverish the cognition, a little attempt is made to put. Dr. Muzaffar Badshah Mulla "An Ancient Ayurvedic Method of Diagnosis and Health Prediction-Nadi Pariksha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101394.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101394/an-ancient-ayurvedic-method-of-diagnosis-and-health-predictionnadi-pariksha/dr-muzaffar-badshah-mulla

INTRODUCTION The development of children has been considered as an integral part of national development. Milestone provide a framework for observing and monitoring a child over time. Gross motors skills are bigger movements such as rolling over and sitting. Fine motor skills are small movements such as picking up small objects. A toddler is a child between the ages of one to three. AIM OF STUDY The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding gross and fine motor milestones of toddlers among anganwadi workers working in selected rural areas of District Sri Muktsar Sahib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was conducted in block Malout and block Lambi District Sri Muktsar sahib, Punjab. An pre experimental design in which one group pretest posttest research design was used to assess the knowledge of anganwadi workers regarding gross and fine motor milestone of toddlers. A sample size of 60 i.e. selected by convenience sampling technique. and the The data was collected by self structured knowledge questionnaire and was analyzed and interpreted according to the objectives. RESULTS The data analysis reveals pre test knowledge mean ±S.D is 7.88±1.69 and post test knowledge mean ± S.D is 16.71 ± 1.39 which was found statistically significant paired t value was found to be 37.896 , df=59 at 0.05 level of significance. So there is statistically significant difference in the mean pre test and mean post test knowledge. There was significant association between knowledge level with age, and previous training regarding milestones of toddlers as statistically analyzed. CONCLUSION finding of the present study was conducted that information booklet is effective in increasing knowledge of anganwadi workers regarding gross and fine motor milestones of toddlers. Mrs. Navjot Kaur | Mr. Sunil Kumar Garg | Mr. Sanjay Gupta "Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Gross and Fine Motor Milestones of Toddlers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101354.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/101354/effectiveness-of-information-booklet-on-knowledge-regarding-gross-and-fine-motor-milestones-of-toddlers/mrs-navjot-kaur

Visual schedules were implemented to enhance reading comprehension, vocabulary, and phonological awareness among inclusive learners in multi school settings in Bohol and Cebu, Philippines. Pre intervention assessments revealed that most learners scored at beginner levels in comprehension and vocabulary, with moderate skills in phonological awareness, reflecting challenges related to attention, task organization, and neurodevelopmental barriers aligned with national Phil IRI data. Post intervention results demonstrated significant improvements, with the majority reaching intermediate to advanced proficiency across all three reading domains and complete elimination of beginner level scores. Statistical analysis confirmed that visual schedules effectively scaffolded comprehension, lexical processing, and phonemic skills, addressing foundational literacy deficits among learners with diverse needs. This evidence supports integrating visual schedules into DepEd’s 2025–2026 inclusive literacy framework as a scalable, effective pedagogical intervention. Recommendations include formal curriculum incorporation, educator training, creation of culturally relevant visual materials, and multi sensory instructional strategies to sustain literacy gains for inclusive learners. Richelle Joice E. Babatuan "Bridging Reading Gaps Through Differentiated Visual Aids Instruction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101392.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101392/bridging-reading-gaps-through-differentiated-visual-aids-instruction/richelle-joice-e-babatuan

Stars function as the universe’s most efficient chemical reactors, driving the synthesis, transformation and redistribution of elements across cosmic time. This review examines the chemical processes underlying stellar birth, evolution and death, with emphasis on molecular, nuclear and isotopic pathways that govern elemental production. We begin with the astrochemistry of star forming regions, highlighting gas phase reactions, grain surface chemistry and molecular complexity in collapsing molecular clouds. The sequential nuclear burning stages hydrogen, helium and advanced burning are discussed in terms of reaction networks, resonance phenomena and reaction rate sensitivities that control elemental yields. Particular focus is placed on neutron capture nucleosynthesis s , r and p processes , detailing their chemical signatures and dominant stellar environments. The chemical feedback from Asymptotic Giant Branch AGB stars, Supernovae and Neutron star mergers is evaluated in the context of isotopic enrichment and elemental recycling into the interstellar medium. Again, unresolved chemical uncertainties, including key reaction rates and heavy element production pathways are assessed. By integrating astrochemistry, nuclear chemistry and observational constraints, this review presents a coherent chemical framework for understanding the cosmic origin and evolutionary trend of the elements. Chijioke Onyia | Chukwujekwu N. Ofodum | Nnenna Ezenwukwa | Mercy Ezenwugo H. | Monday Ugwuanyi | Nnamdi Ezeoyili M. | Francis N. Obieti | Shaibu Abuh | Mercy Ogwu O. | Peter Okagu | Obinna Okolo | Oluka Kwenyeluchi | Samuel Aneke | Lovelyn Nwagbo "The Chemistry Involved in the Birth and Death of Stars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101393.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101393/the-chemistry-involved-in-the-birth-and-death-of-stars/chijioke-onyia

Satellite communication systems are affected by atmospheric conditions at one point or another, and this can cause degradation or attenuation of quality. This study discussed the impact of atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, and ionospheric electron density on satellite to ground and ground to satellite communication links as being the major challenges. The research work, which made use of the review research method, in which several research works from reputable journals and sources were studied. The research result showed that some of the effects of these challenges affecting satellite to ground station and ground station to satellite communications are signal attenuation, propagation delay, scintillation, noise, and interference, as well as complete link outages. The result also reported some methods of mitigating atmospheric challenges to satellite to ground and ground to satellite communication, such as adaptive modulation and coding, frequency diversity and power control mechanisms, site diversity using multiple ground stations, advanced error correction algorithms, and atmospheric prediction models for proactive link management. In conclusion, it was said that satellite to ground station as well as ground station to satellite communications links are faced with several atmospheric challenges, which can result in many negative ways such challenges can be prevented or reduced to manageable levels. The results will be valuable for designing resilient satellite networks, particularly in high frequency bands and regions prone to severe weather disturbances. Ayegba Abdullahi | Jude A. Adeleke | Garba Musa Baba | Omale Lawal Adam | Nwaibe Obiora C | Rahmotu Ojonugwa Akus "Atmospheric Challenges Affecting Satellite-to-Ground Station and Ground-station-to-satellite Communications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101396.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101396/atmospheric-challenges-affecting-satellitetoground-station-and-groundstationtosatellite-communications/ayegba-abdullahi

Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, highlighting the need for early and precise detection. This project utilizes YOLOv11, an advanced object detection model, to automatically identify and classify lung nodules in CT scans. The model accurately categorizes nodules into three types Normal, Benign, and Malignant. Additionally, a TNM classification system is incorporated to assess tumor staging, enhancing the diagnostic process. By leveraging state of the art detection and classification techniques, this approach aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate early intervention. Performance is evaluated using precision, recall, F1 score, and mAP. Ms. Manisha K. Thorat | Dr. N. S. Narawade | Prof. N. S. Kothari "Lung Cancer Detection Powered by YOLO v11" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107031.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/107031/lung-cancer-detection-powered-by-yolo-v11/ms-manisha-k-thorat

AI chatbot is a computer program that uses natural language processing and machine learning to understand and respond to customer queries in a conversational manner. Agriculture chatbots have emerged as innovative solutions to address the evolving needs of farmers in the modern agricultural landscape. They use natural language processing to understand and respond to farmers’ inquiries in their native language. The primary functions of these chatbots include crop management guidance, pest and disease identification, weather forecasting, and market analysis. AI chatbots are revolutionizing agriculture by delivering smart, data driven assistance to farmers worldwide. They offer real time guidance, data analysis, and decision support—enabling farmers to increase productivity, reduce costs, and improve sustainability. They serve as round the clock assistants for farmers. Without the need for professional knowledge, the chatbot can help farmers select crops that are suited for cultivation and evaluate the health of their crops. This paper focuses on the development of chatbots that are customized for the agricultural sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Agriculture Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101398.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101398/agriculture-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This paper presents a high reliability congestion risk prediction framework tailored for hazardous chemical industrial parks. Unlike conventional traffic prediction studies, the proposed method integrates dynamic service capacity modeling, reservation system control variables, and operational channel constraints into a unified binary classification formulation. Mathematical derivations, statistical validation, ablation analysis, and computational complexity analysis are systematically conducted. Experimental evaluation demonstrates strong predictive stability AUC=0.962 and statistically significant improvement over baseline methods p 0.01 . The framework provides actionable decision support for safety critical logistics systems. Nai Jin Liu "Multi-Source Data-Driven 15-Minute-Level Congestion Risk Prediction for Hazardous Chemical Vehicle Operations in Industrial Parks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd106988.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/106988/multisource-datadriven-15minutelevel-congestion-risk-prediction-for-hazardous-chemical-vehicle-operations-in-industrial-parks/nai-jin-liu

Chatbots are digital robots that use artificial intelligence, natural language processing, machine learning, and automated rules to simulate human communication. Chatbots for the manufacturing industry are becoming increasingly essential for streamlining operations and boosting efficiency. They are revolutionizing the way manufacturing industries operate. These chatbots leverage AI and natural language processing to interact and provide seamless communication between systems, machines, and human agents in the manufacturing sector. Manufacturing chatbots are designed to aid the employees in getting accurate information regarding the processes at various levels of productions without wasting time in waiting to get answered. Manufacturing companies can use chatbots to provide customer service, recommend relevant products, and help with website navigation for a positive user experience. This paper investigates how the manufacturing industry is benefitting from chatbot deployment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Manufacturing Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101397.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101397/manufacturing-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The increasing participation of women in leadership roles has emerged as a significant factor influencing organizational effectiveness and team performance. This study aims to examine employees’ perceptions of women leadership and its impact on team performance in organizational settings. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 100 employees working in companies in Coimbatore using a convenience sampling technique. A self structured questionnaire was administered through an online survey method to gather both socio demographic information and perception related responses. The findings reveal that a majority of employees hold favourable perceptions toward women leadership, with 64 demonstrating moderate and 34 high levels of positive perception. A significant proportion of respondents 78 expressed a preference for female supervisors. The Chi square test results indicated a statistically significant difference in supervisor gender preference ² = 92.61, p .001 , suggesting a strong inclination toward women leaders. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between perception scores and both years of experience with supervisors r = .42, p .01 and the number of women leaders in the organization r = .58, p .01 . The study highlights that women leadership contributes positively to team performance through collaborative leadership styles, effective communication, and strong interpersonal skills. Despite these positive perceptions, certain structural and cultural barriers continue to exist. The study concludes that promoting women leadership is not only essential for achieving gender equality but also serves as a strategic approach to enhancing team performance and organizational success. Dr. R. Revathi Priya | Ms. Shireen Farhana. S "Impact of Women Leadership on Team Performance: An Empirical Study of Employees’ Perceptions in Organizational Settings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101399.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/101399/impact-of-women-leadership-on-team-performance-an-empirical-study-of-employees’-perceptions-in-organizational-settings/dr-r-revathi-priya

Catch up Fridays is a learning mechanism intended to strengthen the foundational, social, and other relevant skills necessary to actualize the intent of the basic education curriculum. This initiative is integral in the National Reading and Mathematics Programs which are critical subprograms of the NLRP stipulated in DepEd Order no.13, s. 2023. This study aimed to unveil the practices of teachers in the implementation of Catch Up Friday’s basis for benchmarking and streamlining the program management. The findings of the study revealed that the extent of implementation of Catch Up Fridays in terms of school readiness is practiced to a great extent while learning resources is described as practiced as moderate extent, teachers’ readiness as little extent and assessment is moderate extent. Although some areas of the implementation have been practiced as great extent, the results require notable collective effort from school and other stakeholders to enhance and intensify the program implementation to address the problem on reading. However along its implementation, there are three challenges emerged as barrier in the implementation of catch up Fridays such as, Lack of Trainings and Seminars for Teachers, Lack of Teaching and Learning Resources and Lack of Students’ motivation and Engagement. These problems had significantly affected the achievement of the goals of the program. Moreover, the best practices espoused by the Pag asa National high School Teachers are Strengthened collaboration, Localization of Reading Text and Acceptance and willingness of Teachers. This elucidates the positive impact of Catch Up Fridays on reading proficiency and integration. Furthermore, it is recommended that teachers should be capacitated with information and skills to ensure quality implementation, this places an increased responsibility on the teacher who must diversify instructional content, methods. Rudolf C. Calimag "Implementation of Catch-Up Fridays in Pag-Asa National High School: Benchmark for Streamlining Program Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116431.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/116431/implementation-of-catchup-fridays-in-pagasa-national-high-school-benchmark-for-streamlining-program-management/rudolf-c-calimag

This study examined the concept of transdisciplinary curriculum development and the development of instructional design to create a transformative framework for education in this era. These days, with the rapid advancement of social, technological and environmental issues traditional discipline based curricula are often insufficient to deal with complex real life challenges. This study seeks to investigate the theoretical foundations, instructional design principles and integrative frameworks which aid transdisciplinary education. The study takes a qualitative, descriptive style and relies on secondary data scholarly articles, books, research papers, and educational reports . Based on literature review, document analysis, the research examines the historical progression of curriculum models from multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary methods to a transdisciplinary framework. Results suggest that the transdisciplinary curriculum design improve the integration of knowledge across disciplines and, hence, learner centered, experiential, collaborative, and knowledge construction. These approaches encourage students to develop critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving skills while connecting their academic learning to practical situations. However, the execution of transdisciplinary curricula faces obstacles, including institutional inflexibility, insufficient teacher readiness, and challenges in preserving depth within specific disciplines. Thus, the study also concludes that flexible curriculum structures, collaborative teaching practices, and continuous professional development are necessary in modern day transdisciplinary education implementation. Sahajahan Ali "Transdisciplinary Curriculum Development and Instructional Design: A Transformative Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101400.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101400/transdisciplinary-curriculum-development-and-instructional-design-a-transformative-framework/sahajahan-ali

Maternal dietary pattern plays a crucial role in determining pregnancy and birth outcomes, especially among those mothers that are economically underprivileged and are more vulnerable to insufficient nutrition. Because of the increased physiological demands of gestation, pregnant women are especially susceptible to various nutritional deficiencies. Iron, folate, calcium, iodine, and vitamin B12 deficiencies are frequently caused by inadequate dietary intake, particularly in women from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This study highlights the relationship between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and birth outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, small for gestational age, increased risk of diseases, and child mortality. Several previously done studies have revealed that poor maternal diet significantly increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Socioeconomic constraints, food insufficiency, and restricted nutritional awareness remarkably affects the health status of low income mothers. Swetalata | Padmaja Kumari "Maternal Diet Pattern and birth outcomes Among Economically Underprivileged Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116433.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/116433/maternal-diet-pattern-and-birth-outcomes-among-economically-underprivileged-women/swetalata

Linear Transformation is a central concept in linear algebra that provides a systematic way to study relationships between vector spaces. It plays a vital role in simplifying complex mathematical structures and modeling real world phenomena. This research paper presents a detailed and descriptive study of linear transformations, including their theoretical foundation, properties, and significance. The paper further explores diverse real life applications such as computer graphics, engineering systems, physics, economics, robotics, and data science. Through explanatory discussions and illustrative examples, the study demonstrates how linear transformations serve as powerful tools in both theoretical and applied disciplines. Sadashiv Sundar Prabhu "Linear Transformation and its Real-Life Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd107033.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/algebra/107033/linear-transformation-and-its-reallife-applications/sadashiv-sundar-prabhu

The increasing digitization of financial services, driven by cloud computing, fintech innovation, and real time payment systems, has significantly amplified the complexity and scale of financial fraud. Traditional fraud detection approaches, including rule based systems and conventional machine learning models, are often inadequate for capturing the relational and dynamic nature of modern fraud schemes. In response, this study proposes a hybrid graph neural and generative artificial intelligence AI framework for real time fraud detection in cloud native financial systems. The proposed framework integrates three core components a transaction graph modeling layer that represents financial interactions as dynamic graphs a graph neural network GNN detection layer that captures complex relational patterns and identifies fraudulent behavior and a generative AI explanation module that provides interpretable, natural language explanations for flagged transactions. These components are deployed within a cloud native, real time processing architecture, enabling scalable, low latency fraud detection across high volume transaction streams. To evaluate the effectiveness of the framework, experiments were conducted using financial and synthetic datasets within a distributed cloud environment. The results demonstrate that the GNN based model significantly improves fraud detection performance by effectively capturing network level dependencies, while the generative AI module enhances interpretability and supports investigative decision making. The system also achieves competitive real time performance in terms of inference latency and throughput, highlighting its suitability for deployment in operational financial environments. However, the study identifies trade offs between detection accuracy and system latency, as well as challenges related to computational complexity, data privacy, and model governance. Despite these limitations, the findings underscore the importance of integrating relational modeling, explainable AI, and cloud native deployment in modern fraud detection systems. The proposed framework contributes to the advancement of intelligent financial security by offering a scalable, interpretable, and high performance solution for detecting fraud in increasingly complex digital ecosystems. Oluwabukunmi Adubi | Abba Giza ADB "A Hybrid Graph-Neural and Generative AI Framework for Real-Time Fraud Detection in Cloud-Native Financial Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116428.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/116428/a-hybrid-graphneural-and-generative-ai-framework-for-realtime-fraud-detection-in-cloudnative-financial-systems/oluwabukunmi-adubi

Digital transformation has significantly influenced professional practices across many fields, including social work. The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence AI in social work research and practice has opened new opportunities for improving service delivery, decision making and data analysis. However the integration of AI also raises several ethical concerns related to privacy, accountability, transparency and professional responsibility. This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of social work professionals and researchers regarding the use of AI in social work practice and research. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with social work practitioners, academicians and postgraduate social work students. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to benefits, challenges, ethical considerations and future prospects of AI integration in social work. The findings reveal that AI can enhance efficiency, improve data driven decision making and support evidence based practice. At the same time, participants expressed concerns regarding data confidentiality, algorithmic bias, lack of digital skills and ethical accountability. The study highlights the importance of establishing ethical guidelines, professional training and policy frameworks to ensure responsible use of AI in social work. The research concludes that while digital transformation presents significant opportunities, ethical integration is essential to maintain the values and principles of social work practice. Dr. P. Natarajan | Mr. M. Sivanattar "Digital Transformation and Ethical Integration of AI in Social Work Practice and Research" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101469.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/operating-system/101469/digital-transformation-and-ethical-integration-of-ai-in-social-work-practice-and-research/dr-p-natarajan

Given their enormous contribution to the expansion of our economy, womens roles in the Entrepreneurial world and in society are magnificent. Achieving mental wellness and work life balance has become essential to ensuring sustainable growth because of their many roles in society. The purpose of this study is to investigate women entrepreneurs emotional intelligence, work life balance, and mental health. 60 corporate women entrepreneurs from Sitapura industrial area, ages 25 to 40, participated in this cross sectional social study. Self reported survey was created and utilized to gather information on mental health, work life balance, sociodemographic profile, and the emotional intelligence. Pragati Sharma | Dr. Sakshi Arora | Biswarup Deb "Impact of Work-Life Balance on Entrepreneurial Stress and Mental Wellbeing: A Study of Women-led Enterprises" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101470.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101470/impact-of-worklife-balance-on-entrepreneurial-stress-and-mental-wellbeing-a-study-of-womenled-enterprises/pragati-sharma

India is agriculture based country. Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian economy. In India agriculture sector account for about 15 percent of the Gross Domestic Product 2021 2022. Ujjwal Kumar | Dr. Shiv Mangal Yadav "An Economic Study of Production and Marketing of Wheat Crop in Block Amnour District Saran (Chhapra), Bihar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101471.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/101471/an-economic-study-of-production-and-marketing-of-wheat-crop-in-block-amnour-district-saran-chhapra-bihar/ujjwal-kumar

This study examines the socio demographic factors and spatial temporal dynamics of crimes against women CAW in West Bengal from 2017 2022. A multi stage analytical framework is used, incorporating deviation analysis, standardized residuals, chi square contributions, Cramérs V, and Spearmans rank correlation with regression, using district level data from the National Crime Records Bureau NCRB and socio economic indicators from various sources. The findings show that crime incidence is highly heterogeneous with notable temporal and spatial fluctuations. According to the Pareto principle, districts such as South 24 Parganas, Jalpaiguri, and North 24 Parganas consistently show up as hotspots, collectively contributing more than 80 of the chi square value. Sharp oscillations in some districts are highlighted by standardized residuals, suggesting erratic crime dynamics. While female literacy and unemployment have little explanatory power, correlation regression analysis reveals a significant correlation between higher crime rates and female education beyond the tenth grade, multi dimensional poverty, urbanization, and sex ratio. While underreporting probably hides vulnerability in poorer, less literate areas, higher crime rates in urbanized and better educated districts may partially reflect increased awareness and reporting of these crimes. The results highlight how education, gender parity, poverty, and urbanization interact to shape CAW. The policy implications focus on geographically focused interventions in hotspot districts to enhance gender parity, increase access to education, reduce poverty and fortify reporting and justice systems. Underreporting biases and temporal mismatches in data sources are examples of these limitations. To improve comprehension and policy responsiveness, future research should include spatial clustering, qualitative case studies and predictive modelling. Prosenjit Murmu | Sonali Sahoo | Indrajit Murmu | Bijoy Hansda "Geographical Variability and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Crimes Against Women: Evidence from West Bengal (2017-2022)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101472.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101472/geographical-variability-and-sociodemographic-determinants-of-crimes-against-women-evidence-from-west-bengal-20172022/prosenjit-murmu

This study examined the effect of economic resilience on flood disaster mitigation among members of agricultural cooperatives in Anambra Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the relationships between business base diversification and early warning systems, as well as between government good governance and emergency supply. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with data collected from 354 cooperative members selected through a multistage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, validated through face and content validity, while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient PPMCC . Hypotheses were tested at a 5 level of significance. Findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between business base diversification and early warning systems r = 0.933, p 0.05 , indicating that diversification enhances members’ capacity to anticipate and respond to flood risks. Similarly, a significant positive relationship was found between government good governance and emergency supply r = 0.938, p 0.05 , suggesting that effective governance structures improve the availability and distribution of relief resources during disasters. The study concluded that economic resilience, strengthened through cooperative driven initiatives and supportive governance frameworks, plays a critical role in mitigating flood disasters. The study recommended that agricultural cooperatives promote income diversification and integrate early warning mechanisms, while government agencies should enhance transparency, accountability, and disaster preparedness systems to ensure timely emergency response. These measures will collectively improve resilience and reduce vulnerability among cooperative members in flood prone areas. Nkechi C. Ojiagu | Usman Usman "Effect of Economic Resilience on Flood Disaster Mitigation Among Members of Agricultural Cooperatives in Anambra Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116436.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/risk-management/116436/effect-of-economic-resilience-on-flood-disaster-mitigation-among-members-of-agricultural-cooperatives-in-anambra-agricultural-zone-anambra-state-nigeria/nkechi-c-ojiagu

Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs have emerged as a key technology for monitoring and data collection in applications such as environmental sensing, industrial automation, and Internet of Things IoT systems. These networks consist of distributed sensor nodes with limited energy resources, making energy efficiency a critical factor in their design and operation. Uneven energy consumption among nodes often results in network instability, reduced lifetime, and data transmission failures. This paper presents a study on load balancing and energy optimization techniques to improve the performance and sustainability of WSNs. The proposed approach focuses on minimizing energy consumption through efficient routing, clustering, and workload distribution strategies. A MATLAB based simulation model is developed using a data driven methodology, where node parameters and sensor data are pre defined to analyze communication patterns and energy dissipation behavior under varying conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that effective load balancing combined with energy aware mechanisms significantly enhances network lifetime, improves data delivery efficiency, and ensures more reliable network operation. The study highlights the importance of intelligent resource management in WSNs and provides insights for developing more adaptive and scalable energy optimization techniques in future networks. Mr. Sonawane Shubham K. | Prof. Bansode R. S. | Prof. Lohote S. S. "Load Balancing and Energy Optimization in Wireless Sensor" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/116434/load-balancing-and-energy-optimization-in-wireless-sensor/mr-sonawane-shubham-k

Quality assurance in teacher education institutions is a critical component of India’s educational reform agenda. The National Council for Teacher Education NCTE and the National Assessment and Accreditation Council NAAC play central roles in ensuring that teacher education programs meet standards of excellence, accountability, and relevance. This study explores how these two regulatory bodies contribute to maintaining and improving quality in teacher education institutions across India. Secondary sources such as policy documents, accreditation reports, and scholarly analyses reveal that NCTE provides the regulatory framework for teacher education, focusing on curriculum design, institutional recognition, and teacher preparation standards. NAAC, on the other hand, evaluates institutions through accreditation processes that emphasize continuous improvement, transparency, and accountability. Together, they aim to create a system where teacher education is not only standardized but also responsive to the changing needs of society. However, challenges remain. Many institutions struggle with inadequate infrastructure, limited faculty development, and uneven implementation of quality benchmarks. Secondary data also highlights issues of compliance, where institutions often meet minimum requirements but fail to innovate or sustain long term quality practices. Despite these challenges, the prospects are encouraging. NCTE’s revised guidelines and NAAC’s emphasis on outcome based accreditation provide opportunities for institutions to strengthen their programs, adopt innovative pedagogies, and align teacher education with global standards. This study underscores the importance of quality assurance as a continuous process. By analyzing the roles of NCTE and NAAC, it highlights that effective regulation, accreditation, and institutional commitment are essential for preparing competent teachers who can contribute to India’s educational transformation. Madhu Kumari "The Study of Quality Assurance in Teacher Education Institutions in India with Special Reference to the Role of NCTE and NAAC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101473.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/101473/the-study-of-quality-assurance-in-teacher-education-institutions-in-india-with-special-reference-to-the-role-of-ncte-and-naac/madhu-kumari

Sulphate occurs naturally in the environment as a component of the sulphur cycle, involving both atmospheric and terrestrial processes. Sulphur compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, with sulphate and sulphite being the predominant forms. The present investigation was carried out to examine the effects of sodium sulfate solution in albino mice and to evaluate the protective role of Azadirachta indica leaf extract. A total of 24 albino mice Mus musculus were used and equally divided into three groups one control group and two experimental groups. The control group was maintained on a standard diet with distilled water. The first experimental group n = 8 was orally administered 1 sodium sulfate solution 0.5 ml per mouse per day for 28 days. The second experimental group n = 8 received both 1 sodium sulfate solution and a freshly prepared 2 aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica 0.5 ml per mouse per day for the same duration of 28 days, while being maintained on a normal diet with distilled water similar to the control group. After 28 days of treatment, biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and plasma protein were measured in all three groups control and experimental . A significant reduction in these parameters was observed in the second group of mice treated only with sodium sulfate. However, mice in the third group, which received both sodium sulfate and the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, showed a noticeable improvement. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of A. indica has a beneficial effect in mitigating the adverse changes induced in mice. Deepak Kumar | D. N. Choudhary "Effect of Sodium Sulfate on Certain Biochemical Parameters in Mus Musculus and its Amelioration by Azadirachta Indica Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116438.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/116438/effect-of-sodium-sulfate-on-certain-biochemical-parameters-in-mus-musculus-and-its-amelioration-by-azadirachta-indica-extract/deepak-kumar

The term brain paralysis refers to cerebral palsy which is a disease of motor control caused to a static lesion of the developing brain. It is a disability that impairs movement and posture. The brain injury or aberrant brain growth that takes place before, during, or right after a childs birth results in brain damage. Cerebral palsy affects body movement, muscular control, coordination, tone, reflex, posture, and balance. Only a portion of the brain is hurt, primarily the areas that regulate movement. Once injured, brain tissue does not regenerate or worsen. However, the child’s movements, body positions, and related problems may improve or worsen based on the doctor’s approach and the degree of brain damage. A brain injury that results in a permanent, non progressive, and occasionally growing disturbance of tone, movement, or posture is known as cerebral palsy. With 2 3 newborns per 1000 live births affected, it is the most widespread chronic motor impairment in children. Dr. Anu Shree | Dr. Darshana "Understanding the Management of Cerebral Palsy through Ayurvedic Lens" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101474.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/101474/understanding-the-management-of-cerebral-palsy-through-ayurvedic-lens/dr-anu-shree

Ayurveda is a science of life which explain about the different dosage forms. There has been a development over the concept of drug dosage form in the modern texts of Ayurveda to increase the palatability and also for easy absorption of drug. Bhaishajya Kalpana deals wide range about the preparation of different medicines. Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana are the basic preparation of Bhaishajya Kalpana, namely Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima, Phanta. A range of smaller preparations are explained in the Upkalpana. The five basic Kalpana are known as primary formulations and all other Kalpana like Mantha, Churna, Vati, Avaleha, Taila, Asava, Arista etc, were derived from these basic formulations and these are known as secondary formulations. Manth, prepared by churning and filtering, offers immediate nourishment Sadya Tarpana , revitalizing the body, providing vigor, and promoting glowing skin. It is easy to administer, has a pleasant taste, and is highly effective therapeutically. Moreover, it is accepted by all age groups, has a long shelf life, and is considered safe and palatable. Dr. Shraddha Ravindra Waghmare "Manth Kalpana - An Ancient Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101478.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/101478/manth-kalpana--an-ancient-review/dr-shraddha-ravindra-waghmare

Since April 2023, Sudan has experienced a violent power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces SAF and the Rapid Support Forces RSF , resulting in one of the most severe humanitarian crises in the world. This study examines the structural roots and contemporary consequences of the conflict, arguing that the catastrophe is not merely a product of military confrontation but a manifestation of long standing state fragility, politicized security institutions, and fragmented governance. Drawing on theories of fragile states and the political economy of civil war, the research analyses how institutional breakdown, armed competition, and resource control have contributed to widespread famine like conditions, mass displacement, and the erosion of civilian protection mechanisms. Using qualitative analysis of secondary data from international organizations, academic literature, and policy reports 2023–2025 , the study explores the relationship between conflict intensity, territorial fragmentation, and humanitarian outcomes. The findings reveal that areas under contested authority experience higher levels of food insecurity, administrative collapse, and restricted humanitarian access. The emergence of parallel governance structures and external involvement by regional actors has further deepened instability and reduced prospects for negotiated settlement. Although international humanitarian assistance has mitigated some immediate suffering, structural political reform and inclusive governance are necessary for sustainable recovery. The study contributes to scholarly debates on state fragility and protracted conflict by demonstrating how militarized competition for sovereignty produces layered institutional and humanitarian collapse. It concludes that long term stabilization in Sudan requires integrated strategies combining ceasefire efforts, security sector reform, accountable resource governance, and community based peacebuilding initiatives. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Famine, Flight, and Fear: Mapping the Humanitarian Catastrophe in Sudan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101475.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101475/famine-flight-and-fear-mapping-the-humanitarian-catastrophe-in-sudan/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Dalit women in India face layered marginalization at the intersection of caste, gender, and socio economic inequalities, particularly in the realm of health and medical access. This article examines maternal and reproductive health, nutrition, and healthcare inequalities among Dalit women, analyzing how structural discrimination shapes access to medical services and outcomes. Drawing on feminist and intersectional frameworks, the study combines qualitative analysis of ethnographic studies, policy reports, and health surveys with critical engagement with public health literature. The methodology emphasizes relational analysis, tracing how social hierarchies, cultural practices, and institutional biases intersect to produce differential health outcomes. The article also considers the role of traditional medicine and local health practices as sites of both resistance and adaptation. Findings indicate that Dalit women navigate healthcare systems strategically, negotiating constraints imposed by caste, gender norms, and economic precarity, revealing both resilience and structural vulnerability. The study concludes that addressing health inequalities requires feminist informed policy interventions that integrate cultural understanding, structural reform, and participatory approaches to healthcare. By foregrounding Dalit women’s experiences, this article contributes to an intersectional understanding of health justice and feminist praxis in contemporary India. Barun Das "Negotiating Health: Dalit Feminism, Maternal Wellbeing, and Healthcare Inequalities in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101476.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/101476/negotiating-health-dalit-feminism-maternal-wellbeing-and-healthcare-inequalities-in-india/barun-das

Fuzzy logic has emerged as a powerful mathematical and computational tool for handling uncertainty, imprecision, and vagueness in real world decision making systems. Unlike classical binary logic, which operates strictly on true or false values, fuzzy logic allows intermediate degrees of truth and thereby better reflects human reasoning. This research paper examines the application of fuzzy logic in decision making systems with a special focus on a medical diagnosis case model. The study presents the theoretical background of fuzzy sets, the architecture of a fuzzy inference system, and the design of a rule based model for estimating disease risk based on patient symptoms and health indicators. The proposed model uses linguistic input variables such as body temperature, blood sugar level, blood pressure, and fatigue level to classify patient health status into low, medium, or high risk. The paper demonstrates that fuzzy logic is highly suitable for medical decision making because it can process ambiguous and uncertain data in a flexible and interpretable manner. The findings of the study suggest that fuzzy logic based systems can serve as effective support tools in healthcare diagnostics and can also be extended to various domains such as engineering, education, environmental monitoring, and intelligent control systems. Kajal M. Matondkar "Fuzzy Logic in Decision-Making Systems: A Study with a Medical Diagnosis Case Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101477.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101477/fuzzy-logic-in-decisionmaking-systems-a-study-with-a-medical-diagnosis-case-model/kajal-m-matondkar

In modern educational contexts, the classroom is no longer seen only as a place for delivering instruction, but as a dynamic setting where teaching and learning constantly influence and reshape one another. Reflective teaching frames the classroom as a “mirror,” encouraging teachers to thoughtfully evaluate their practices and refine their strategies to improve student outcomes. This study explores the role of reflective teaching as a transformative approach to improving classroom practices and student learning outcomes. The research examines the conceptual foundations of reflective teaching and highlights its significance in fostering critical thinking, self evaluation, and adaptive pedagogy among teachers. It further investigates the effectiveness of reflective teaching practices within teacher training programmes, emphasizing how structured reflection enhances professional competence and instructional quality. The study identifies a range of strategies and tools such as reflective journals, peer observation, feedback mechanisms, and action research that support the implementation of reflective practices in educational settings. Additionally, it addresses the key challenges faced by teachers, including time constraints, lack of institutional support, insufficient training, and resistance to change, which may hinder the integration of reflective teaching in classrooms. The findings suggest that despite these challenges, reflective teaching serves as a powerful mechanism for continuous professional development and improved learning outcomes, positioning the classroom as a dynamic space where both teaching and learning are constantly evaluated and refined. Abbas Ali | Dibyendu Bhattacharyya "Classroom as a Mirror: Enhancing Learning Outcome through Reflective Teaching" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116449.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/116449/classroom-as-a-mirror-enhancing-learning-outcome-through-reflective-teaching/abbas-ali

Chatbots are designed to mimic human conversation using text or voice interaction, providing information in a conversational manner. As education faces mounting challenges overcrowded classrooms, diverse learning needs, and the relentless march of technology AI powered chatbots emerge as a promising solution to effectively address these challenges. Chatbots are reshaping the educational landscape, offering personalized learning experiences. Today, educational institutions are making huge profits with chatbots. Colleges, schools, and many educational institutions are now adopting and implementing chatbots because of their benefits. Chatbots are also gaining popularity in streamlining various administrative tasks in educational institutions. They have been applied in both instruction and learning within the education sector. The paper aims to investigate the potential benefits, challenges, and threats of chatbots in educational settings. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Educational Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101479.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101479/educational-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The city of Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is distinguished by its glaring lack of adequate and high quality road infrastructure. This situation contributes to making the Congolese capital the most chaotic and disorganized center in Central Africa, affecting not only its administrative functioning but also its economic and social development. The lack of secondary roads. The absence of alternative routes to relieve congestion on the main arteries often generates significant traffic jams. This hinders on the one hand the proper functioning of road controllers’ work and on the other hand the maximization of benefits for users. To remedy this situation, a new urbanization scheme is necessary, by creating secondary axes while delimiting the road space of Kinshasa. Consequently, decision support mathematical models have been developed to solve this problem. Koka Walendua Philippe | Kikomba Kahungu Michael | Ngoie Caleb Caleb "Development of Secondary Roads in the City-Province of Kinshasa Methodology Based on Multi-Criteria Mathematical Programming" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116456.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/116456/development-of-secondary-roads-in-the-cityprovince-of-kinshasa-methodology-based-on-multicriteria-mathematical-programming/koka-walendua-philippe

A financial AI chatbot is an artificial intelligence powered virtual assistant designed specifically for the finance industry. It uses natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to interpret user input and provide automated responses. Financial chatbots have emerged as a game changer for banks, insurance providers, and fintech platforms. They can identify anomalies in transaction patterns and user behavior and send customers real time fraud alerts. They minimize waiting time and increase customer satisfaction. Chatbots have recently become a popular way to automate customer interactions and improve engagement. They eradicate the need for a large support team and in house operational resources. They are capable of automating routine queries and letting human agents focus on more technical ones. This paper investigates the impact of chatbots in the financial industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Financial Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101480.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101480/financial-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The study, entitled Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Modalities, aimed to assess the effectiveness of face to face and blended learning modalities. Specifically, it sought to determine whether there was a significant difference in pupils’ academic performance based on the teaching modality and to explore any correlation between teaching modalities and pupils’ academic performance. The study utilized a descriptive quantitative design. According to the findings, the instrument obtained a mean score of 4.86, indicating a very high level of effectiveness. Furthermore, the study revealed that, in the pretest, the subjects achieved an average mean score. After the treatment was administered, the post test scores of the subjects significantly increased to a high level. Consequently, the hypothesis nullifying the significant difference between the pretest and post test of the subjects was rejected. In light of these results, it is recommended that teachers develop instructional materials to enhance students’ knowledge, abilities, and skills. Additionally, it is suggested that an assessment of students least learned skills be conducted to gather valuable information about their learning, allowing for effective interventions that positively contribute to the overall success of the learners. Kenny Montemayor Salem "Effectiveness of Teaching-Learning Modalities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101485.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101485/effectiveness-of-teachinglearning-modalities/kenny-montemayor-salem

Graph neural networks GNNs tend to suffer from lower robustness and reduced prediction accuracy when trained under differential privacy DP , especially when the graph data follow a non uniform distribution or contain outliers. Traditional aggregation based perturbation methods often fail to adapt to such complex data characteristics, and they struggle to find a proper balance between privacy protection and model performance. To tackle these problems, this paper introduces an adaptive normalization and aggregation perturbation approach named MVNAP, specifically designed for non uniform data distributions. The proposed method consists of three main components feature wise personalized normalization using mean and variance, aggregation over sparse graph node matrices, and Gaussian differential privacy perturbation. This design removes scale deviations across different feature dimensions at the root level, ensures strict privacy protection, and retains the essential structural information of the graph. MVNAP has a decoupled, modular architecture, allowing it to be seamlessly integrated as a plug and play module into various DP GNN frameworks without modifying the original network structure or training logic. We evaluate the method on benchmark datasets with power law distributions and varying feature scales—Reddit, Amazon, and FB 100—under both edge level and node level DP scenarios. Experimental results show that the proposed DP GNN method is well suited for complex, non uniform data distributions and can serve as a key optimization module to facilitate the practical deployment of differentially private graph neural networks in privacy sensitive applications. Tianjiao Luo | Xinru Gao | Yuhang Liu | Jiayu Hou | Zhouwan | Guoqing | Haoran Liu | Dingdang | Weixin | Yucheng Tian | Xiangchen Li "Adaptive Normalization and Aggregation Perturbation for GNNs on Non-Uniform Data Distributions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116444.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/116444/adaptive-normalization-and-aggregation-perturbation-for-gnns-on-nonuniform-data-distributions/tianjiao-luo

This research examined the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of technology integration and learners’ reading performance. Fourteen teachers and one hundred Grade Two learners participated. Results revealed that teachers strongly agreed on the importance of technology in reading instruction, with an overall weighted mean of 3.37, indicating high acceptance. Among the aspects assessed, usefulness scored highest 3.64 , followed by convenience 3.57 and self efficacy 3.56 , while obstacles scored 2.58, showing moderate challenges. Learners’ performance showed that 63 were at grade level in word recognition, 45 in reading fluency, and 29 in reading comprehension, with most others transitioning or developing. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant positive relationship between teachers’ perceptions and learners’ reading outcomes, with a computed t value of 3.153 exceeding the critical value of 2.306 at a 0.05 level of significance. Despite these positive findings, teachers encountered challenges such as heavy workload in preparing differentiated materials ranked 1st , managing varied reading abilities without adequate tools 2nd , students’ distraction with technology 3rd , and limited training for tech based instruction 4th . Poor internet access and insufficient of structured school policies also hindered effective implementation. In light of these results, it is recommended that technology based integrated reading oriented training program can be developed. Newnila M. Pancipanci "Technology Integration in Reading Instruction: Exploring its Status Dimension and Quality Outcomes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101481.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101481/technology-integration-in-reading-instruction-exploring-its-status-dimension-and-quality-outcomes/newnila-m-pancipanci

This paper presents a conceptual analysis of how social media influencers affect consumer behavior. It explains how influencers build trust, create attractive content, and use their online popularity to shape people’s buying decisions. Since the past five years, the size of social networks as well as social media users have been doubled and this growth is creating a new marketing hurdle. This research is about the study of the consumer’s complex purchases, that keeps a special on how the process is being influenced by social media. The paper reviews ideas from previous research to show how factors like credibility, engagement, and emotional connection influence consumers. It also highlights how social media platforms make it easier for people to follow trends and make quick purchase decisions. This analysis helps in understanding why influencers are becoming an important part of marketing and how they guide consumer choice. Deepti Sharma | Mr. Mohit Gupta | Brajesh Chauhan "Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Behavior: A Conceptual Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101482.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101482/impact-of-social-media-influencers-on-consumer-behavior-a-conceptual-analysis/deepti-sharma

Electronic voting e voting systems are increasingly being adopted to improve the efficiency and accessibility of elections however, they face challenges related to security, transparency, and trust. Blockchain technology, based on a distributed ledger and decentralization, offers a promising solution by ensuring immutability, data integrity, and cryptographic security. This paper presents a blockchain based e voting system that utilizes smart contracts for secure election management and voter authentication. The proposed system enables digital voting with enhanced transparency and secure elections while eliminating the need for centralized control. By leveraging trustless systems and advanced encryption techniques, blockchain ensures that votes are recorded accurately and cannot be altered. The study highlights the potential of blockchain technology to transform electronic voting systems into more reliable, transparent, and tamper proof platforms. Aparna Mahakal "Enhancing Electoral Integrity through Blockchain Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116441.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/116441/enhancing-electoral-integrity-through-blockchain-systems/aparna-mahakal

There is a close relationship between fractal geometry, Islamic decorations, and nature. This relationship is evident in fractal geometry, which emerged as an extension of the theory of creation in nature. This theory offered a new perspective on the workings of the cosmic system, which is far removed from regularity, consistency, and predictability. The importance of fractal geometry in design lies in its ability to bridge the gap between design and the decorative metal units and mathematics, as well as between nature and its properties, and to describe the complex forms it contains. For example, decorative metal units using a mathematical basis followed by a description of design decorative metal units involve developing a systematic research process based on identifying the basic grid, forming a multi scale grid, developing a hybrid grid structure, and studying the effect of interference on the potential to increase structural strength, starting from the geometric patterns of Islamic art. The study explores the generative potential of the extracted fractal dimension as a design criterion for new forms. The shapes or decorative structural units and their repetition patterns represent the primary characteristic—those shapes and units created by the designer for geometric compositions with star like, hexagonal, and other forms. Decorative structural units are often formed through creative processes. Further modifications to these structural elements, achieved by incorporating repetition through inlays or design units, enhance the approach to geometric form, granting flexibility and the ability to flow within the design of repetition for contrast, symmetry, and other effects. This is achieved by designing units that appear geometric shapes due to their simplification and their significant distance from natural forms. The research problem here focuses on the need to explore the nature of fractal geometry in Islamic art to shed light on its characteristics and patterns of design decorative structural units. It posits that its inspiration can be applied to various interior spaces as a novel approach to simple design and also focuses on understanding the relationship between nature within the decorative metal units of fractal geometry and Islamic art by utilizing the nature of fractal geometry in Islamic art to design simple decorative structural units, thus enriching the field of designing decorative metal units used in metalwork. The research hypothesis The researcher posits that the concept of design in fractal geometry and Islamic art helps in constructing decorative designs and in finding simple design approaches. The importance of this research lies in revealing the structural and aesthetic foundations of repetition, exploring fractal geometry and Islamic art, and opening avenues for students to experiment and discover new relationships and innovative arrangements. Prof. Mohammad Abdullah Almandrawy "Principles of Designing Decorative Metal Units within the Framework of Fractal Geometry and Islamic Art" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116464.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/116464/principles-of-designing-decorative-metal-units-within-the-framework-of-fractal-geometry-and-islamic-art/prof-mohammad-abdullah-almandrawy

Online cloud kitchens, often referred to as virtual or ghost kitchens, are a type of food delivery service where customers have their meals prepared in a typical restaurant kitchen before having them delivered to their residences or places of business. The concept has grown in popularity in recent years, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, as more individuals have been ordering takeout instead of dining in. By putting speed, convenience, and efficiency first, cloud kitchens delivery only restaurant models are revolutionizing the food service sector. In this digital first approach, perceived food quality including taste, hygiene, packaging, and delivery experience determines customer happiness more than ambience. The goal of the current study is to ascertain customer purchasing intentions with reference to cloud kitchens, including how views will shift in response to perceived innovativeness PI , food variety, cost, food safety, and social impact. Additionally, the study looked at how consumer trust functions as a mediator between attitude and purchase intentions. We will talk about this in this paper Customers knowledge of and confidence in cloud kitchens in online food elivery services . Ganguly Priyanka Debendranath | Dr. Manisha Jagtap "Consumer Awareness and Trust Towards Cloud Kitchens in Online Food Delivery Platforms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101483.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/101483/consumer-awareness-and-trust-towards-cloud-kitchens-in-online-food-delivery-platforms/ganguly-priyanka-debendranath

Aquatic plants play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of freshwater ecosystems and are widely used in the removal of toxic metals from polluted water bodies. The present study was conducted to assess the level of heavy metal contamination and the phytoremediation potential of selected aquatic plants in the Gomti River flowing through Lucknow city U.P. , India. Rapid urbanization, industrial discharge, domestic sewage, and agricultural runoff have significantly contributed to the deterioration of water quality in the river, leading to the accumulation of toxic metals such as Cadmium Cd , Copper Cu , and Arsenic As . In this investigation, aquatic plant species including Hydrilla verticillata, Sagittaria japonica, Botomus umbellatus, and Ranunculus sceleratus were collected from different sampling sites along the Gomti River. Samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals accumulated in plant tissues. The results revealed that the selected aquatic plants showed different capacities for metal accumulation. Hydrilla verticillata exhibited higher accumulation of Arsenic, Sagittaria japonica showed greater uptake of Cadmium, while Botomus umbellatus accumulated higher concentration of Copper. In contrast, Ranunculus sceleratus showed comparatively lower accumulation of heavy metals. The findings indicate that aquatic macrophytes have significant potential for the removal of toxic metals from polluted water and can be effectively used in phytoremediation techniques. The study highlights the importance of using natural and eco friendly methods for controlling heavy metal pollution in river water. The results of this research may be useful for environmental monitoring, pollution management, and sustainable restoration of freshwater ecosystems. Dr. Anuradha Singh "Study of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Phytoremediation Ability of Aquatic Plants in Gomti River, Lucknow (India)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101484.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101484/study-of-heavy-metal-accumulation-and-phytoremediation-ability-of-aquatic-plants-in-gomti-river-lucknow-india/dr-anuradha-singh

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence AI is transforming global labor markets and intensifying demand for advanced digital skills. Higher education institutions HEIs play a central role in credentialing these competencies. As Africas largest economy, Nigeria represents a critical case for the Global South in examining how emerging systems are responding to the AI skills imperative. This systematic review examines the development of AI related skills and credential offerings in Nigerian higher education, evaluating their alignment with global competency frameworks, industry expectations, and national development priorities. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, nine databases and institutional repositories were searched for literature published between 2020 and 2025. Of 2,187 records identified, 48 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a structured framework capturing credential types, skill clusters technical, foundational, ethical governance , alignment indicators, and ecosystem factors. A narrative thematic synthesis was conducted. The findings reveal a rapidly expanding but fragmented credential ecosystem dominated by postgraduate programs and industry linked micro credentials. Curricula emphasize technical and foundational competencies, while ethical, governance, and socio technical skills remain inconsistently integrated. Although there is partial alignment with global standards, contextual adaptation and coordinated benchmarking are limited. Infrastructure constraints, faculty capacity gaps, and funding pressures persist as systemic barriers. Nigerias AI education landscape demonstrates significant dynamism but must shift from credential proliferation toward deeper capability formation. A context sensitive, globally aligned framework is necessary to support sustainable and locally relevant AI innovation. Akpaasou Daniel Terver | Xiao Huang | Drissa Kante "A Systematic Review of Emerging Trends and Global Implications: Artificial Intelligence Skills and Credentials in Nigerian Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116465.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/116465/a-systematic-review-of-emerging-trends-and-global-implications-artificial-intelligence-skills-and-credentials-in-nigerian-higher-education/akpaasou-daniel-terver

The rapid expansion of digital technologies, including cloud computing, large scale data centers, and Internet connected devices, has significantly increased global energy consumption and carbon emissions. The Information Technology IT sector is emerging as a major contributor to environmental challenges, making sustainable computing a necessity rather than an option. This paper presents a comprehensive study of Green IT strategies aimed at reducing ecological impact while maintaining system performance. It explores energy efficient hardware, virtualization, cloud optimization, and Artificial Intelligence AI driven resource management. Additionally, a multi layered framework for sustainable computing is proposed to guide organizations toward carbon neutral IT infrastructures. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that integrating virtualization and AI based optimization can reduce energy consumption by up to 40 and carbon emissions by up to 60 . The findings highlight that sustainable computing not only supports environmental goals but also improves operational efficiency and long term cost effectiveness. Kunal K. Karalkar | Khemraj A. Kubal "Greening the Digital Future: Sustainable Computing Strategies for Energy-Efficient and Carbon-Neutral IT Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116450.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/116450/greening-the-digital-future-sustainable-computing-strategies-for-energyefficient-and-carbonneutral-it-systems/kunal-k-karalkar

Chatbots have transformed the way businesses interact with the world. Artificial intelligence along with its subset of technologies, like machine learning and deep learning, have made chatbots more intelligent than their predecessors. Chatbots have become integral to the entertainment and media industry. Entertainment chatbots have rapidly become a cornerstone in the media landscape, offering a blend of automation and personalization that enhances user experiences. Their ability to handle repetitive and time consuming manual business tasks has led to the phenomenal rise of chatbots in the media and entertainment industry. Media companies can deploy chatbots as virtual assistants to answer customer queries, provide real time support, and offer personalized recommendations. Chatbots also have the potential to revolutionize customer service in the media industry. This paper explores the fascinating world of entertainment chatbots. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Entertainment Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116451.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/relationship-management/116451/entertainment-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Predictive analytics involves looking at historical data to predict future outcomes. It is a data science that involves collecting and using current data to predict future outcomes in various industries. It uses data mining techniques, machine learning, and statistical modeling to find patterns in data and identify risks and opportunities. This powerful tool has become necessary in todays world, enabling organizations to predict trends, reduce risks, and make informed decisions. You can use predictive analytics to analyze historical data, uncover patterns, and forecast future outcomes. These forecasts predict industry trends and behaviors, guide informed business and investment decisions, and are sometimes used to boost efficiency, increase profits, and protect information. In this paper, we will go over predictive data analytics and provides some of its applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Applications of Predictive Analytics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/116452/applications-of-predictive-analytics/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Background Spatial cognition is the psychological ability to perceive, remember, and process spatial relationships between objects and oneself, enabling navigation and interaction with the environment. It is considered as a core function of the human brain, which is governed by neural oscillations and network synchronization. Emerging evidence from multidisciplinary studies suggests that environmental electromagnetic factors, particularly the geomagnetic field of Earth and Schumann resonance 7.83 Hz , can play an influential role in neural activity. The spatial cognition has emerged as the important field of investigation, in order to enquire and understand the actuality of the existence of life and also to decode the Eco Psycho Somatic interdependence. It can be the important phenomenon to address several aetiological factors for the violence, dominance, hatred and several epigenetic miasmatic alterations. Objective This study aims to develop an interdisciplinary model linking Energy field of earth, neural synchronization, and spatial cognition, and to evaluate the implications of each in the isolated, as well as in the collective manner for the integrative therapeutic approaches, including music therapy and homoeopathy. Methods A mixed method design was employed. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, NCBI, MDPI, Elsevier, and Web of Science, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Additionally, an observational study assessed correlations between geomagnetic variations, EEG patterns, and spatial cognitive performance in human participants. Quantitative data were analyzed using correlation and regression models, while qualitative interpretations explored therapeutic responses. Results Findings indicate a consistent association between geomagnetic fluctuations and alterations in neural oscillatory patterns, particularly in alpha 8 12 Hz and theta bands 4 8 Hz . Enhanced neural synchronization was associated with improved spatial memory and cognitive mapping. Integrative interventions such as music therapy demonstrated resonance based modulation of brain activity, while homoeopathic approaches suggested systemic bioenergetic regulation. Conclusion The study supports a novel integrative framework where Earth energies influence neural synchronization and cognition. This model has potential applications in developing non invasive therapies targeting cognitive and neurological disorders. Mukesh Maity | Dr. Sinchan Das "Spatial Cognition, Earth Energies & Neural Synchronization: Implications for Integrative Therapy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116468.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biological-system/116468/spatial-cognition-earth-energies-and-neural-synchronization-implications-for-integrative-therapy/mukesh-maity

Biodemocracy also called ecological democracy advocates for community led conservation, recognizing indigenous and local rights over natural resources. This approach promotes inclusive decision making, sustainable practices, and biocultural diversity. Biodemocracy aligns with indigenous rights, recognizing communities’ traditional knowledge and stewardship over lands and resources. It has significant policy implications, which require shifts in how governments approach conservation and resource management, having to do with, decentralized decision making, recognizing community rights, inclusive policy making, and the support for community led conservation. The paper focuses on the pros and cons of biodemocracy and its benefits to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Biodemocracy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101486.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101486/biodemocracy/paul-a-adekunte

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116457.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/116457/a-quasi-experimental-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-informational-booklet-on-knowledge-regarding-asthma-and-its-prevention-among-the-bsc-nursing-2nd-year-students-in-selected-college-of-nursing-lucknow-up/mr-saurabh-dhar-dubey

Predictive analytics is the use of statistics and modeling techniques to forecast future outcomes. It uses historical statistics and modeling techniques in forecasting. The goal of predictive analytics is to make predictions about future events, then use those predictions to improve decision making. By embracing this technology, organizations can tap into its diverse capabilities to drive efficiency and growth in an increasingly data driven world. Predictive analysis can be used in a number of different applications. Industries from insurance to marketing use predictive techniques to make important decisions. Businesses use predictive analytics to fine tune their operations and decide whether new products are worth the investment. Investors use predictive analytics to decide where to put their money. Predictive analytics has become a pivotal tool for gaining competitive advantage. This paper explores how predictive analytics is reshaping business strategy across industries. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Business" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101487.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101487/predictive-analytics-in-business/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Bisphenol A BPA is one of the most relevant environmental toxins worldwide. BPA is primarily utilized in the manufacture of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Mammals, as well as aquatic and wildlife animals, are highly vulnerable to BPA exposure due to the widespread use of plastic products. Mammals are exposed to BPA mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. The most significant exposure route is oral, as BPA can leach into food and drinks from polycarbonate containers and epoxy lined cans. Dermal exposure can happen through contact with products like thermal paper receipts that contain BPA. The way BPA enters the body and its potential health effects vary by exposure route, with ingestion typically leading to higher systemic levels. Understanding these exposure pathways is essential for evaluating BPAs health impact and creating effective exposure reduction strategies. Padmaja Kumari | Ashok Kumar Thakur "Study of Routes of Exposure to Bisphenol A in Mammals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125178/study-of-routes-of-exposure-to-bisphenol-a-in-mammals/padmaja-kumari

Predictive analytics leverages statistical techniques, machine learning, and data analysis to help forecast future events by looking at historical and current data. It is widely used to predict future outcomes with better accuracy, especially in situations involving high financial risks. Predictive analytics shifts finance from reactive to proactive decision making by using AI, machine learning, and real time data to anticipate risks, customer behavior, and market movements. From detecting fraudulent transactions in real time to forecasting cash flows and personalizing banking experiences, predictive analytics has become crucial for modern finance. Financial institutions use predictive analytics to improve their operations and stay ahead of the competition. The integration of predictive analytics within the finance sector is not just a trend it is a transformative force driving efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. This paper provides useful information into how predictive analytic techniques are used in finance sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101488.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101488/predictive-analytics-in-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study explores cash management practices in Indian banks amid a rising shift toward digital banking. By surveying 123 customers across public and private banks in urban and semi urban areas, the research analyzes ATM usage, satisfaction levels, and digital payment preferences. Findings reveal strong digital adoption among youth, consistent reliance on cash services, and similar satisfaction across bank types. The study recommends a hybrid banking model combining physical infrastructure with digital innovation to meet evolving customer needs efficiently and inclusively. Suraj Chaturvedi "Study of Cash Management in Banking Sector in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101489.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101489/study-of-cash-management-in-banking-sector-in-india/suraj-chaturvedi

Efficient water management in agriculture is essential for sustainable food production, particularly as water scarcity and climate change worsen. This chapter provides a thorough overview of innovative techniques and technologies designed to improve irrigation efficiency and optimize water use in farming. It begins by examining traditional irrigation methods such as flood, furrow, and sprinkler systems, highlighting their disadvantages like water waste, high energy use, and soil degradation. The discussion then shifts to more advanced methods like drip and micro irrigation, which deliver water directly to the crop roots, minimizing losses and maximizing resource efficiency. The text also addresses the shortcomings of conventional irrigation, underscoring the need for innovative solutions to address issues such as water waste and soil damage. It explores automation and smart technologies, including automated valves, pumps, and smart controllers, as tools for improving efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. Additionally, water conservation strategies like rainwater harvesting, on farm storage, water recycling, and soil moisture conservation are emphasized for their role in addressing water shortages and promoting sustainability in agriculture. The chapter concludes by highlighting the benefits of adopting efficient irrigation practices, such as water conservation, energy savings, increased crop yields, and reduced environmental harm. Water is one of the most critical resources in agriculture, as crop production largely depends on its availability. With increasing population, climate change, and declining water resources, efficient water management has become essential. Agriculture consumes nearly 70 of global freshwater, making it necessary to adopt improved irrigation practices. Innovative irrigation practices can enhance water efficiency, gaining an economic advantage while also reducing environmental burdens. In some cases the necessary knowledge has been provided by extension services, helping farmers to adapt and implement viable solutions, thus gaining more benefits from irrigation technology. Often investment in technological improvements has incurred higher water prices, however, without gaining the full potential benefits through water efficiency. Farmers generally lack adequate means and incentives to know crops’ water use, actual irrigation applications, crop in field. Avneesh Patel "Water Management in Agriculture Innovation for Efficient Irrigation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101882.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101882/water-management-in-agriculture-innovation-for-efficient-irrigation/avneesh-patel

The study to evaluate the sustainable farming and water management with reference to crops wheat, rice, sugarcane, and potato. Water availability is detrimental to agricultural development and food production. The ever increasing population pressure leading to enhanced demand for food production mandates increase in irrigated area. However, menace of pollution and diversion of fresh water for other uses like industry has stressed the fresh water resources. Low irrigation efficiency, usually less than 65 of the applied water is actually used by the crops necessitates enhancement in sustainable use of irrigation water. Efforts are being made by various stakeholders for better management and optimization of water consumption in agriculture. Better management usually refers to improvement in irrigation techniques and water use efficiency of crops. The former is closely related to the type of irrigation technology, environmental conditions and the scheduling of water application and latter involve Agricultural practices, such as soil management, fertilizer application and disease and pest control. Socio economic factors and climate change influence the pattern of agricultural water use. Sustainable Agriculture and water management is heavily dependent on social behaviour of rural communities, economic constraints and legal and institutional framework that may favour the adoption of some measures over others. Sustainable water management in agriculture, which has a multi functional role, can be achieved by adopting improvements in irrigation application, soil and plant practices, water pricing, reuse of treated wastewater, farmers’ participation in water management and capacity building. Equitable distribution and technological application of above initiatives is necessary for the most sought results. This paper focuses on key factors which influences agriculture productivity and discusses State of Art technologies that are economically viable for sustainable agriculture. The adoption of these techniques can improve the agriculture output mitigating the adverse impact of climate change and constraints imposed by socio economic factors. Sachin Gangwar "Sustainable Farming and Water Management of Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Potato" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101883.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/101883/sustainable-farming-and-water-management-of-wheat-rice-sugarcane-and-potato/sachin-gangwar

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1820–1891 remains a towering archetype of the Bengal Renaissance, whose pedagogical and social interventions laid the foundational architecture for modern Indian education. This research employs a qualitative, historical interpretive methodology to revisit Vidyasagar’s educational thoughts, specifically centering on his revolutionary advocacy for women’s education. By analyzing primary documents, including his correspondence with colonial administrators, legislative petitions, and seminal Bengali primers like Barnaparichay, the study explores the synthesis of Western liberal humanism and indigenous moral consciousness that defined his practical humanism . The thematic analysis identifies five core themes 1 education as a mechanism for female intellectual liberation 2 the democratization of knowledge through vernacular pedagogy 3 the institutionalization of girls schooling against severe societal resistance 4 the interplay between legal reform widow remarriage and educational access and 5 a vision for progressive, holistic education. The findings suggest that Vidyasagar’s emphasis on maternal education as the root of societal progress and his commitment to equitable access directly prefigure the inclusive mandates of the National Education Policy 2020. The study concludes that Vidyasagar’s legacy provides a robust framework for addressing contemporary challenges such as gender based literacy gaps and the rural urban digital divide, advocating for a sustained, empathetic approach to educational reform in modern India. Sirin Sultana "Revisiting Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s Educational Thoughts on Women’s Education: A Qualitative Inquiry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116473.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/116473/revisiting-ishwar-chandra-vidyasagar’s-educational-thoughts-on-women’s-education-a-qualitative-inquiry/sirin-sultana

The study involves quantitative approach with exploratory research design with a view to develop guidelines along with objective of assessing co relation between anthropometric measurement and daily nutritional intake of children of 2 5 years of age and to find out relationship between anthropometric measures height, weight, BMI,MUAC and daily nutritional intake Calorie, Protein, Fat with selected demographic variables. A self structured questionnaire consisting of 3 sections was used to collect required data from sample size of 100 selected children of 2 5 years of age and their mothers care takers. The data was collected by the researcher regarding daily nutritional intake of the children from their mother care taker. The results revealed that there was significant relationship between anthropometric measurements and daily nutritional intake among children of 2 5 years of age in selected areas of district Patiala at 0.05 level of significance. As the children with increased intake of calorie had weight above than the standard recommended values and children with decreased intake of protein had height below than the standard recommended values. Hence it was concluded that there was significant relationship between anthropometric measurements and daily nutritional intake among children of 2 5 years of age. Dr. Balwinder Kaur | Amandeep Kaur "Co-Relation between Anthropometric Measurements and Daily Nutritional Intake among Children of 2-5 Years of Age" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116467.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/116467/corelation-between-anthropometric-measurements-and-daily-nutritional-intake-among-children-of-25-years-of-age/dr-balwinder-kaur

Hygiene and sanitation practices critically determine the health condition of populations in developing countries like India. Rural populations in Bihar continue to encounter considerable challenges due to poor sanitation infrastructure, limited access to safe drinking water, and insufficient awareness towards hygienic practices. The study further evaluates the effectiveness of government initiatives such as the Swachh Bharat Mission, the Jal Jeevan Mission, and WASH in schools and Anganwadis in managing sanitation gaps and developing behavioral change among rural population. The poor sanitation practices significantly contribute to the prevalence of diarrhoea, viral infections, typhoid, cholera, parasitic infections, undernutrition and death in critical condition, which disproportionately impact children and vulnerable population. Based on a comprehensive study of previous reports and policies, the study recommends the strengthening of sanitation infrastructure, systematic monitoring and evaluation of government schemes, promotion of hygiene education at schools and Anganwadi levels, and the adoption of community based proper waste management practices. Swetalata | Padmaja Kumari | Ashok Kumar Thakur "Hygiene and Sanitation Practices among Rural Population of Bihar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125179.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125179/hygiene-and-sanitation-practices-among-rural-population-of-bihar/swetalata

In terms of community health, advanced technology and associated facilities for infant skin care have their own benefits and drawbacks. Diaper Rash is a most common form of contact dermatitis in infancy which creates significant parental stress and discomfort in suffering children and can be correlated with Ahiputana in Ayurveda. Despite the use of different barrier creams, Herbo mineral preparation has been used depending on factors such as target tissue maturity, patient age and synergism. Therefore, Sariva Sankhanabhi Avachurna aims at symptomatic relief has been selected for study. Hence, this is an effort to explain the mode of action of Sariva Sankhanabhi Avachurna in Ahiputana and attempt is made to compile various literatures for better understanding. Dr. Anu Shree | Dr. Darshana "Sariva Shankhanabhi Avachurna: An Ayurvedic Winning Formula for Ahiputana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101893.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/101893/sariva-shankhanabhi-avachurna-an-ayurvedic-winning-formula-for-ahiputana/dr-anu-shree

Optimization of agricultural practices for enhanced crop yield is considered to be essential phenomena for the countries like India. In order to strengthen the economy and also to meet the food demand for the exponentially growing population, optimizing the agricultural practices has become necessity. In India, weather and geographical conditions are highly variable and were thought to be the major bottleneck of agricultural practices to achieve improved crop yield. Agricultural practices in India are facing many challenges such as change in climatic conditions, different geographical environment, conventional agricultural practices economic and political scenario. Economic loss due to the lack of information on crop yield productivity is another major concern in the country. These hurdles can be overcome by the implementation of advanced technology in agriculture. Some of the trends observed are smart farming, digital agriculture and Big Data Analytics which provide useful information regarding various crop yields influencing factors and predicting the accurate amounts of crop yield. The exact prediction of crop yield helps formers to develop a suitable cultivation plan, crop health monitoring system, management of crop yield efficiently and also to establish the business strategy in order to decrease economic losses. This also makes the agricultural practices as one of the highly profitable ventures. This paper presents insights on the various applications of technology and usage of agricultural technology in India. Mukesh Singh "A Study on the Role of Technology in Improving Agricultural Productivity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101884.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101884/a-study-on-the-role-of-technology-in-improving-agricultural-productivity/mukesh-singh

This study represents the role of hospital information system in quality improvement in hospital have great potential in reducing health care costs and in improving health outcome the purpose of this study is to offer analytical research that explores the role of hospital information system in delivery of healthcare in its diverse organizational and regulatory settings this study aims to analyze the role of his in enhancing healthcare quality through improved the efficient data management in computers patient care and hospital operations. The research is conceptual in nature and it is based on secondary data collected from various research articles journal and online sources. In this the study mark that his help in reducing waiting time medical errors and increasing operational efficiency enhancing communication among healthcare professionals and also improving decision making processes the implementation of his leads to higher patient satisfaction and better healthcare outcomes. The findings of the study highlight the use of hospital information system also improves overall healthcare quality by increasing the patient care and patient satisfaction reducing medical errors and reducing manual work and enhancing hospital efficiency. In using of hospital information system are able to provide faster more correctness and well connected services with each department. Shreya Sachdeva "Hospital Information System in Improving Healthcare Quality in Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101885.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101885/hospital-information-system-in-improving-healthcare-quality-in-hospitals/shreya-sachdeva

The present study is an attempt to elucidate the workplace stress management among employees is a most critical issue in modern organizations due to long working hours, emotional demands, and pressure. Beyond that, the study also aims to identify the main causes of stress and its impact on daily life of employees while working. Workplace stress has emerged as a growing concern for organizations globally, with significant implication which affect employee mental health, productivity, and overall organizational performance. In Modern organization, Work stress can lead to various types of mental health issues including anxiety, depression, and burnout adversely lasting damage to both employee wellness and overall operational efficiency. This research paper explores the relationship between the workplace stress and mental health and emphasize the role of Human Resource management HRM in addressing the workplace stress and promoting the employee mental health through effective support systems. Human Resource administrative interventions in mitigating the stress issues by focusing on Employees Assistance Program, flexible working hours, work from home, health of mind, awareness training, and wellness initiatives. Drawing in a well manner way of literature of review and case report to outlines the key strategies that HRM can create a supportive and clean work atmosphere that prioritize employee’s welfare and wellness. Ultimately, this research paper demonstrates how HRM can decrease the effect of tension such as number of absent persons, disengagement, and less morale. By examining these issues, this paper defines true values of applying the perfect technique where HRM proactively drives the formulation of strategic policies and procedures which facilitate mind health with supporting emotional things in each one person work in a premises together. Ritu Kushwaha "A Study on Workplace Stress and Employee Mental Health: The Role of Human Resource Management in Developing Support Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101886.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101886/a-study-on-workplace-stress-and-employee-mental-health-the-role-of-human-resource-management-in-developing-support-systems/ritu-kushwaha

This study set out to examines the role of media in public awareness creation on issues concerning waste disposal and management in Buea and Douala of the Southwest and Littoral regions of Cameroon. The study was supported by the Agenda Setting Theory 1972 by McCombs and Shaw, Knowledge Gap Theory 1970 by Philip Tichenor, George Donohue and Claire Olien, then Theory of Planned Behaviour Reasoned Action. The research design used in this study is a survey design combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches in a concurrent triangulation mixed method perspective. The probabilistically estimated sample size comprises of 415 community members involved in the study conveniently. As for other stakeholders, notably, community leaders, media houses, waste disposal companies and municipals councils, they were sampled purposively and conveniently. The study was stratified between French and English speaking Cameroon. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were processed using Epidata 3.1 and analysed with the support of SPSS 21.0 while qualitative data from interviews were analysed using the process of thematic analysis. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient was very satisfactory, with a value of 0.922. This therefore implies that the items on the questionnaire were understood and answered to a satisfactory level of objectivity. Television was the most known channel 80.0 and the least was billboards 27.0 and this trend was the same in Buea and Douala IV municipality. Social medial was the most used medium to get information whereby 64.3 281 used it very often, followed by internet 62.7 274 , television 51.5 225 , radio 23.1 101 and newspapers at the fifth position 13.3 58 . Community radio, banners, notice board and HYSACAM magazine were mostly used by traditional leaders, waste disposal companies, and municipal councils in creating public awareness on issues concerning community responsibility on issues of waste management in Douala IV municipality while it was television and social media in Buea municipality. As for media houses, the most used media outlet was Television 73.1 and journalists were generally of the opinion that media outlets have slots or provision in creating public awareness on waste management 88.5 . It was generally perceived by community members in both Buea and Douala IV municipalities that media have played a role in creating public awareness on issues concerning waste management with proportions of 74.8 169 and 76.9 336 respectively. Cumulatively, 70.1 perceived that media have contributed in raising public awareness on issues concerning waste management to a very large or large extent and this trend was almost the same between Buea and Douala IV municipality. The adequacy of this action was however nuanced as roughly the majority of 52.9 231 perceived this awareness creation mechanism to be very adequate and this trend was the same in Buea and Douala IV municipalities. The main challenge was poor or no audience, that is people not interested in news related to waste management, environment, hygiene and sanitation. They suggested as response measure adequate sensitization and education of the communities on waste management more attractive slots, programmes or mechanisms to gain the attention of people. From the findings, it can equally be recommended that social media, community radio and television should be further used to create awareness on issues concerning waste disposal and management. Agbor Vivan Ada | Mpoche Kizitus Nformi | Atenga Thomas Irenee | Nana Celestin "Role of the Media in Public Awareness on Waste Disposal and Management in Buea and Douala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125192.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/125192/role-of-the-media-in-public-awareness-on-waste-disposal-and-management-in-buea-and-douala/agbor-vivan-ada

Electronic Medical Records EMR has developed healthcare delivery through digital format of patient information and smooth functioning of the hospital processes. This study mainly focuses on the EMR implementation on patient waiting time in hospitals. This research states how EMR influences patient flow, workflow efficiency and service delivery in the hospital. Findings from different studies says that EMR reduces waiting time by improving documentation speed, reducing administrative delays, discharge procedures, and enhancing coordination between various healthcare professionals. On the other hand, initial implementation challenges may increase waiting time of the patient. This research is based on both primary and secondary data using descriptive and analytical approaches to analyse the effectiveness of EMR systems. This study concludes that EMR systems when implemented effectively helps in reducing time and improves overall performance of the hospital. Shweta Gautam "Impact of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) on Patient Waiting Time in Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101887.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101887/impact-of-electronic-medical-records-emr-on-patient-waiting-time-in-hospitals/shweta-gautam

Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property. Vandalism is also considered as the willful or intentional destruction, damage, defacement, or disfigurement of public or private property without the owner’s consent. The term comes from the Vandals, a Germanic group known for sacking Rome in 455 AD. However, the Vandals are remembered in history by destruction which is not typical even for barbarian invasions, and the term “vandalism” was used for all types of destructive and reckless behavior, regardless of perpetrators – this represents unjustifiable destruction. Vandalism is also “a form of bullying and aggression directed at destroying different material of social values, while in the original sense it implies damage to and destruction of artistic, cultural and historical values. Through vandalism, underage persons express their attitude towards society, always conveying a message through “what” they destroy and “how” they destroy – as a rule, these are invariably values not accessible to everyone. Vandalism tends to imply the brutish and destructive behavior of the young, which is manifested in different modalities of mass violence at sports events, demonstrations, rock and pop concerts. This paper looks into the issue of vandalism, its causes, history, prevention, and the overall cost to society and humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Vandalism: A Retrospect" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101888.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101888/vandalism-a-retrospect/paul-a-adekunte

This research paper explores the intricate psychological architecture of the human mind, challenging traditional linear stimulus response models by proposing a dynamic tripartite framework of Multiplication, Substitution, and Shifting. The primary objective of the study is to articulate how the mind functions as a self organizing, divergent entity that navigates through various cognitive and motivational layers to ultimately achieve creative excellence. Utilizing a qualitative documentary analysis methodology, the researcher systematically examines theoretical literature and original conceptual diagrams to map the structural mechanisms of cognitive flexibility and interest development. The findings reveal that the mind operates through a networked diversification of stimuli, where the sequential progression from the expansion of interests Multiplication through adaptive redirection Substitution to fundamental cognitive reorientation Shifting determines a developmental hierarchy ranging from average to creative performance. Furthermore, the study highlights that creative outcomes are deeply integrated with the minds ability to traverse emotional thresholds and environmental contexts, suggesting that educational achievement is a product of this complex internal architecture rather than singular instructional input. Actually mind is summation of basic three process as stated above 1. Multiplication, 2. Substitution, 3. Shifting and our effort is to apply various strategies to develop the mental construct and its pedagogical application in classroom situation. Prof. (Dr.) Dibyendu Bhattacharyya | Subrata Halder "Psychological Structure of Human Mind: From Divergent Entity to Creative Excellence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125190/psychological-structure-of-human-mind-from-divergent-entity-to-creative-excellence/prof-dr-dibyendu-bhattacharyya

Menstrual hygiene is a vital aspect of women’s reproductive health, yet it remains insufficiently addressed among women from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Many women continue to experience barriers such as poverty, inadequate sanitation facilities, limited access to clean water, lack of privacy, poor awareness, and restricted healthcare services. Studies from low and middle income countries indicate that unhygienic menstrual practices—including the reuse of old cloth, infrequent changing of absorbents, inadequate handwashing, unsafe disposal methods, and improper drying of reusable materials—are largely influenced by structural inequalities and sociocultural stigma rather than personal choice Thapa et al., 2019 Afiaz and Biswas, 2021 Asumah et al., 2022 . These challenges have been linked with reproductive tract symptoms, genital irritation, menstrual discomfort, psychological stress, and reduced participation in education, employment, and social activities Juyal et al., 2014 Rastogi et al., 2019 Nwimo et al., 2022 . Although much of the available evidence is based on cross sectional studies and causal relationships remain complex, the overall findings suggest that poor menstrual hygiene contributes to preventable reproductive health problems and deepens existing gender and health inequalities Hennegan et al., 2019 Tembo et al., 2023 . This narrative review summarises existing evidence on menstrual hygiene practices among low income women, explores their implications for reproductive health, and emphasises the need for multi level interventions including affordable menstrual products, improved WASH facilities, stigma reduction, and stronger integration into healthcare systems and public policy. Swetalata | Snehlata Gupta "Menstrual Hygiene Practices and Their Impact on the Reproductive Health of Economically Backward Class Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125191.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125191/menstrual-hygiene-practices-and-their-impact-on-the-reproductive-health-of-economically-backward-class-women/swetalata

Predictive analytics is a sophisticated branch of advanced analytics that leverages historical data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to forecast future outcomes. It uses historical data and statistical models to forecast what will happen next so that you can act before a problem arrives, not after. It does not predict the future but tries to assess, using probability theories, what is likely to happen based on trends and patterns revealed by studying historical data. Predictive analytics in the supply chain refers to the use of data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to forecast future events and trends within the supply chain. It uses data to forecast what will happen so you can make smarter decisions about inventory, shipping, and risk. It analyzes historical data and then predicts inventory levels, demand, supplier performance, transportation logistics, and other critical factors. Using predictive analytics in supply chain can indeed increase profits and provide several compelling reasons to do so. This paper aims to explore the role of predictive analytics in supply chain management. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101889/predictive-analytics-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Predictive analytics is a branch of data science that uses historical data, machine learning algorithms, and statistical models to analyze potential future outcomes. It is reshaping manufacturing by enabling proactive decision making and reducing inefficiencies. This type of advanced analytics focuses on data science, statistical modeling, machine learning ML , big data, and data mining techniques to derive insights from vast amounts of historical data. AI based predictive analytics takes in data as the cornerstone of this digital age and extracts valuable insights to foresee results of complex situations via real time analysis of the same. In manufacturing, predictive analytics has been widely used for improving operational efficiency, minimizing expenses, vision inspection system, and enhancing overall decision making. The goal is to predict future outcomes, identify potential issues, and uncover opportunities for improvement. This paper examines how predictive analytics is transforming manufacturing processes. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101891.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101891/predictive-analytics-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Predictive analytics is a sophisticated branch of advanced analytics that leverages historical data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to forecast future outcomes. It uses historical data and statistical models to forecast what will happen next so that you can act before a problem arrives, not after. It does not predict the future but tries to assess, using probability theories, what is likely to happen based on trends and patterns revealed by studying historical data. Predictive analytics in the supply chain refers to the use of data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to forecast future events and trends within the supply chain. It uses data to forecast what will happen so you can make smarter decisions about inventory, shipping, and risk. It analyzes historical data and then predicts inventory levels, demand, supplier performance, transportation logistics, and other critical factors. Using predictive analytics in supply chain can indeed increase profits and provide several compelling reasons to do so. This paper aims to explore the role of predictive analytics in supply chain management. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101889/predictive-analytics-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to lining of uterus grows outside the uterus, often in pelvic area. AIM To assess the knowledge regarding endometriosis among women in Civil Hospital Tarn Taran, Punjab. MATERIAL AMD METHODS A descriptive non experimental research design was used to conduct the present study among women attending the outpatient department at Civil Hospital Tarn Taran. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 samples from population to assess the knowledge regarding the endometriosis. A self structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge level. CONCLUSION Knowledge regarding endometriosis among women showed that majority of women 58 had average knowledge followed by 39 of them had poor knowledge and 3 had good knowledge. Ms. Rachna Gill | Ms. Navpreet Kaur | Ms. Meenakshi Sharma | Ms. Parminder Kaur | Ms. Harwinder Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Endometriosis among Women in Civil Hospital, Tarn Taran, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101890.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/101890/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-endometriosis-among-women-in-civil-hospital-tarn-taran-punjab/ms-rachna-gill

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles EVs has created a strong need for intelligent routing systems that address limitations such as limited driving range, limited charging infrastructure availability, and variable energy consumption. Traditional navigation methods, which focus solely on shortest path computation, are insufficient for EV applications because they do not account for battery constraints and charging requirements. This survey paper provides a comprehensive review of battery aware route planning and charging decision strategies for electric vehicles. It examines classical graph based algorithms such as Dijkstra and A , optimization techniques including genetic algorithms and swarm based methods, and emerging approaches based on machine learning and reinforcement learning. The paper also discusses charging infrastructure considerations, including station placement, charging time, and cost optimization. A comparative analysis of existing methods is presented to highlight their strengths, limitations, and suitability for EV routing. Finally, future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the role of intelligent systems, smart grids, and AI driven decision making in advancing EV navigation. This survey aims to provide a structured understanding of current developments and guide future research in efficient and sustainable EV route planning. Nitin | Renu "A Survey on Battery Aware Route Planning and Charging Decision for Electric Vehicles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101892.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/101892/a-survey-on-battery-aware-route-planning-and-charging-decision-for-electric-vehicles/nitin

The ethanolic leaf extract of Tecoma stans L. Juss. demonstrates potent therapeutic potential as both an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent, validated through various chemical and biological assays. Phytochemical analysis reveals a rich composition of bioactive compounds, specifically alkaloids like tecomine and various phenolic flavonoids, which drive its medicinal efficacy. Its antidiabetic action is characterized by the significant inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes, such as amylase and glucosidase, alongside an insulin mimetic effect that effectively lowers blood glucose levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic models. Simultaneously, the extract exhibits robust antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation, thereby protecting cellular structures from the oxidative stress typically exacerbated by chronic hyperglycemia. These dual actions suggest that Tecoma stans not only helps manage glucose homeostasis but also mitigates the systemic secondary complications associated with diabetes. Mr. Abhishek Yadav | Mr. Saurabh Srivastava "Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Tecoma Stans (L.) Juss." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101894.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/101894/evaluation-of-antidiabetic-and-antioxidant-activities-of-ethanolic-leaf-extract-of-tecoma-stans-l-juss/mr-abhishek-yadav

This study assessed the effectiveness of peer tutoring in teaching Araling Panlipunan 10 among Grade 10 students of Sta. Lucia National High School during the school year 2024–2025. Using a descriptive–correlational research design, the study examined the relationship between students’ academic performance and the challenges they encountered in applying the peer tutoring strategy through modular learning. Forty two students participated, and data was collected through a validated questionnaire and academic performance records. Results revealed that students achieved a “Very Satisfactory” performance across topics such as Climate Change, Solid Waste Management, and Illegal Logging. Challenges like limited access to printed materials and home distractions were noted but did not significantly affect performance. Findings indicated a low positive correlation between challenges and academic outcomes, implying that peer tutoring remained effective despite difficulties. The study concluded that integrating peer tutoring with modular learning enhances comprehension, collaboration, and motivation among learners. It recommends strengthening the strategy by providing sufficient materials, structured guidance, and teacher facilitation to maximize its effectiveness in Social Studies instruction. Jenny D. Sevilla "Peer Tutoring in Teaching Araling Panlipunan 10" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125200.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125200/peer-tutoring-in-teaching-araling-panlipunan-10/jenny-d-sevilla

Social interaction anxiety represents a significant dimension of adolescent psychopathology, characterized by a persistent fear of negative evaluation, heightened discomfort during interpersonal engagements, and a tendency toward avoidance of social situations. Within college populations, these manifestations critically impair academic participation, peer interaction, and overall psychosocial functioning 6 8 12 . Contemporary research indicates an increasing prevalence of anxiety related concerns among adolescents at both global and national levels, particularly within the Indian context, where academic demands, social expectations, and performance pressures intensify vulnerability to social anxiety symptoms 9 15 . From a cognitive behavioural perspective, social interaction anxiety is maintained through maladaptive thought patterns, anticipatory fear, and avoidance behaviours that reinforce distress and limit adaptive social learning 1 6 . Although conceptually comprising multiple behavioural and emotional components—including fear of evaluation, situational discomfort, and avoidance tendencies—the construct is operationalized as a unified measure in the present study using the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale SIAS , which provides a reliable and empirically validated assessment of social anxiety severity 5 10 . Dr. Priscilla Margaret Dhanaraj | Dr. T. Mythili "Enhancing Social Interaction Anxiety among Adolescent Population in Chennai: An Empirical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101895.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101895/enhancing-social-interaction-anxiety-among-adolescent-population-in-chennai-an-empirical-study/dr-priscilla-margaret-dhanaraj

The term “Yahoo boys” refers to a group of Internet fraudsters, primarily based in Nigeria and parts of West Africa, who engage in various forms of cybercrime such as advance fee fraud, romance scams, identity theft, fraud, and business email compromise. This originated from early email scams conducted through Yahoo platforms, which has now evolved into a sophisticated, transnational criminal network leveraging modern technologies including social media, cryptocurrency, and artificial intelligence. Drivers to this phenomenal include factors such as unemployment, poverty, peer influence, and systemic corruption. The global impact of their activities has to do with massive financial losses, emotional harm to victims, and as well as the reputational damage to Nigeria. Overall, the Yahoo boys’ phenomenon represents a complex intersection of economic hardship, digital opportunity, and evolving cyber threats, requiring coordinated international and local responses. The paper looks into the legal frameworks and enforcement efforts at combating the cybercrime, cum the challenges posed by technological advancements and adaptive criminal strategies. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Yahoo Boys" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101896.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101896/yahoo-boys/paul-a-adekunte

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125182.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics-and-legal-issues/125182/the-effects-of-integrated-financial-management-system-ifms-implementation-on-financial-accountability-in-ugandas-ministry-of-finance-planning-and-economic-development-mofped/mwasa-balaam-sikina

Background Increasing cosmetic use among adolescents, combined with inadequate awareness of potential adverse effects, poses significant health risks. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse led educational programme in improving knowledge and practices regarding adverse effects of cosmetic use among adolescent girls. Methods A quantitative quasi experimental one group pre test and post test design was used among 80 adolescent girls 15–18 years in a selected senior secondary school, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Data were collected using a self structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist. A structured nurse led educational intervention was administered, followed by a post test after two weeks. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean knowledge score improved significantly from 10.18 ± 4.02 to 16.26 ± 3.87 t = 6.95, p 0.001 . The mean practice score increased from 13.30 ± 6.11 to 24.50 ± 5.48 t = 9.95, p 0.001 .Conclusion The nurse led educational programme was effective in enhancing knowledge and promoting safe cosmetic practices among adolescent girls. Shardha Thapliyal | Mrs. Iris George "Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Educational Programme on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Adverse Effects of Cosmetic Use Among Adolescent Girls: A Quasi-Experimental Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125195.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/125195/effectiveness-of-a-nurseled-educational-programme-on-knowledge-and-practices-regarding-adverse-effects-of-cosmetic-use-among-adolescent-girls-a-quasiexperimental-study/shardha-thapliyal

The integration of art as a compulsory subject in primary school education has become a significant concern in contemporary pedagogy due to its contribution to holistic development. The present study examines undergraduate students’ perceptions regarding the inclusion of art as a compulsory subject in primary education. The study was conducted among students of Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University using a sample of 150 students from B. Tech, BCA, and Biotechnology disciplines. A descriptive survey method was employed, and data were collected using a self structured Likert scale questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, t test, and one way ANOVA were used for analysis. The findings reveal that students generally possess a positive perception toward art integration. While gender differences were found to be statistically insignificant, significant differences were observed across disciplines. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating art education into the primary curriculum to foster creativity and cognitive development. Dr. Smita Srivastava | Dr. Ashish Awasthi "Perception towards Integration of Art as a Compulsory Subject in Primary School Curriculum: A Study Among Undergraduate Students of Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125202.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125202/perception-towards-integration-of-art-as-a-compulsory-subject-in-primary-school-curriculum-a-study-among-undergraduate-students-of-lucknow/dr-smita-srivastava

Terrorism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that poses significant challenges to global security, political stability, and social cohesion. It involves the use of threat of violence by non state actors to instill fear, coerce governments, or influence public opinion in pursuit of ideological, political, or religious objectives. The impacts of terrorism extend beyond immediate physical harm, affecting economic development, human rights, and international relations. Understanding terrorism requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates political science, sociology, psychology, and security studies. Effective counterterrorism strategies must therefore balance security measures with efforts to address underlying issues, promote social inclusion, and uphold the rule of law. It is a well known fact that when terrorists carry out their attacks, there is the likelihood of severe and mass casualty of people which may include security personnel, health workers, and civilian population. These attacks could lead to the death, severe to minor injuries of people and as well as to the damage to public and private infrastructure necessary for the survival of people. The paper examines the root causes of terrorism, including political grievances, socio economic inequalities, identity conflicts, and radicalization processes. It also looks at the evolving nature of terrorist strategies, media, and transnational networks. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Issues in a Terror Mass Casualty Rescue Plan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101897.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101897/issues-in-a-terror-mass-casualty-rescue-plan/paul-a-adekunte

This study examined the effect of board governance on financial performance among listed commercial banks in Uganda. Specifically, it investigated how key governance dimensions, such as strategic leadership, board structure, board independence, and accountability, influence financial outcomes, including profitability, liquidity, earnings per share, and non performing loans. Guided by agency, stewardship, and resource dependence theories, the study adopted a positivist approach using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 353 shareholders through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from semi structured interviews with board members and executives. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate the relationships between board governance and financial performance. Results revealed that board governance positively and significantly influences financial performance r = 0.721, p 0.01 R² = 0.740 , with strategic leadership and financial supervision showing the strongest effects, while board independence and stakeholder representation exhibited gaps. The findings support the premise that effective governance mechanisms enhance oversight, mitigate managerial opportunism, and improve resource allocation, thereby promoting profitability and institutional stability. The study provides empirical evidence for policymakers, regulators, and bank executives seeking to strengthen board governance structures and enhance financial sector performance in emerging markets. Freda Akullu | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Board Governance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Listed Commercial Banks in Uganda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125181.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/125181/board-governance-and-financial-performance-evidence-from-listed-commercial-banks-in-uganda/freda-akullu

Public Financial Management PFM reforms have been widely implemented across developing countries to enhance fiscal discipline, accountability, efficiency, and service delivery in the use of public resources. Despite these reforms, many countries continue to experience persistent challenges related to weak transparency, limited stakeholder engagement, and inefficiencies in financial management systems. This study examined stakeholder transparency as a driver of Public Financial Management reform effectiveness in Uganda, with specific reference to the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoFPED . The study was guided by three objectives to assess the level of stakeholder transparency in PFM reforms, to examine the relationship between stakeholder transparency and PFM reform effectiveness, and to determine the extent to which stakeholder transparency predicts reform outcomes. A cross sectional research design was adopted, using a mixed method approach. Quantitative data were collected from 319 respondents using structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from key informants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Findings revealed a high level of stakeholder transparency, with respondents strongly agreeing that timely disclosure of financial information, accessibility of budget reports, openness in decision making, and stakeholder involvement in monitoring significantly enhance accountability, trust, efficiency, and service delivery. Inferential results showed a strong and positive relationship between stakeholder transparency and PFM reform effectiveness R = 0.824 . The model explained 54.1 of the variation in reform effectiveness R² = 0.541 , and the relationship was statistically significant F = 123.36, p 0.001 . Regression results further confirmed that stakeholder transparency significantly predicts PFM reform effectiveness B = 0.616, p 0.001 . The study concludes that stakeholder transparency is a critical and statistically significant driver of PFM reform effectiveness in Uganda. It recommends strengthening institutional frameworks for financial disclosure, enhancing stakeholder participation in decision making, and improving digital transparency systems to support real time access to public financial information. Mwasa Charles | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Stakeholder Transparency as a Driver of Public Financial Management Reform Effectiveness in Uganda: A Case of the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125183.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/125183/stakeholder-transparency-as-a-driver-of-public-financial-management-reform-effectiveness-in-uganda-a-case-of-the-ministry-of-finance-planning-and-economic-development/mwasa-charles

Public Financial Management PFM reforms are central to improving fiscal discipline, transparency, accountability, and service delivery in the public sector. Despite extensive reforms in Uganda’s Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoFPED , concerns persist regarding the effectiveness of these reforms, particularly in relation to stakeholder participation. This study examined the effect of stakeholder participation on the effectiveness of PFM reforms in Uganda, focusing specifically on stakeholder involvement in monitoring and oversight. The study adopted a quantitative, descriptive correlational research design. Data were collected from 133 respondents out of 144 distributed questionnaires, representing a 92.4 response rate. The study targeted MoFPED staff involved in budgeting, accounting, audit, planning, and ICT functions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that stakeholder participation is generally perceived to positively influence the effectiveness of PFM reforms. However, civil society participation and access to financial information were relatively weak. Inferential results showed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between stakeholder participation and PFM reform effectiveness R = 0.742, R² = 0.550, B = 0.684, p 0.05 . This implies that stakeholder participation explains 55 of the variation in the effectiveness of PFM reforms, and that increases in stakeholder engagement significantly improve reform outcomes. The study concludes that stakeholder participation is a critical determinant of PFM reform effectiveness in Uganda. It recommends strengthening inclusive participation mechanisms, enhancing access to financial information, institutionalizing feedback systems, and improving civil society engagement in oversight processes. The study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context and extending stakeholder theory within public financial management systems. Mwasa Charles | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "The Effect of Stakeholder Participation on the Effectiveness of Public Financial Management Reforms: Evidence from Uganda’s Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125184.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/125184/the-effect-of-stakeholder-participation-on-the-effectiveness-of-public-financial-management-reforms-evidence-from-uganda’s-ministry-of-finance-planning-and-economic-development/mwasa-charles

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102003.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102003/an-experimental-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-a-structured-infection-control-training-programme-on-practice-regarding-infection-control-measures-among-sanitary-workers/ms-munasala-amulya

Public Financial Management PFM reforms have been widely implemented across developing countries to enhance fiscal discipline, accountability, efficiency, and service delivery in the use of public resources. Despite these reforms, many countries continue to experience persistent challenges related to weak transparency, limited stakeholder engagement, and inefficiencies in financial management systems. This study examined stakeholder transparency as a driver of Public Financial Management reform effectiveness in Uganda, with specific reference to the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoFPED . The study was guided by three objectives to assess the level of stakeholder transparency in PFM reforms, to examine the relationship between stakeholder transparency and PFM reform effectiveness, and to determine the extent to which stakeholder transparency predicts reform outcomes. A cross sectional research design was adopted, using a mixed method approach. Quantitative data were collected from 319 respondents using structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from key informants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Findings revealed a high level of stakeholder transparency, with respondents strongly agreeing that timely disclosure of financial information, accessibility of budget reports, openness in decision making, and stakeholder involvement in monitoring significantly enhance accountability, trust, efficiency, and service delivery. Inferential results showed a strong and positive relationship between stakeholder transparency and PFM reform effectiveness R = 0.824 . The model explained 54.1 of the variation in reform effectiveness R² = 0.541 , and the relationship was statistically significant F = 123.36, p 0.001 . Regression results further confirmed that stakeholder transparency significantly predicts PFM reform effectiveness B = 0.616, p 0.001 . The study concludes that stakeholder transparency is a critical and statistically significant driver of PFM reform effectiveness in Uganda. It recommends strengthening institutional frameworks for financial disclosure, enhancing stakeholder participation in decision making, and improving digital transparency systems to support real time access to public financial information. Mwasa Charles | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Stakeholder Transparency as a Driver of Public Financial Management Reform Effectiveness in Uganda: A Case of the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125185.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/125185/stakeholder-transparency-as-a-driver-of-public-financial-management-reform-effectiveness-in-uganda-a-case-of-the-ministry-of-finance-planning-and-economic-development/mwasa-charles

Public Financial Management PFM reforms have been widely implemented in developing countries to enhance fiscal discipline, transparency, accountability, efficiency, and service delivery. In Uganda, despite the introduction of key reforms such as the Integrated Financial Management System IFMS , Programme Based Budgeting PBB , and the Treasury Single Account TSA , reform outcomes remain inconsistent, largely due to weak coordination and limited stakeholder collaboration. This study assessed the role of stakeholder collaboration in enhancing PFM reform outcomes in Uganda, with a focus on the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoFPED . The study was guided by Collaborative Governance Theory and Institutional Theory and adopted a quantitative cross sectional design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 133 respondents selected from MoFPED and related institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that stakeholder collaboration has a positive and statistically significant effect on PFM reform outcomes B = 0.462, p = 0.000 . The results indicate that increased stakeholder collaboration in information sharing, joint planning, coordination mechanisms, and participation leads to improved transparency, accountability, efficiency, and service delivery. The regression model further confirms that stakeholder collaboration is a strong predictor of PFM reform effectiveness. The study concludes that PFM reform outcomes are significantly enhanced when stakeholder collaboration is institutionalized and effectively implemented. It recommends strengthening coordination frameworks, improving information sharing systems, enhancing inclusion of non state actors, and institutionalizing feedback mechanisms within Uganda’s PFM system. Mwasa Charles | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Assessing the Role of Stakeholder Collaboration in Enhancing Public Financial Management Reforms in Uganda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125186.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/125186/assessing-the-role-of-stakeholder-collaboration-in-enhancing-public-financial-management-reforms-in-uganda/mwasa-charles

This study examined the influence of performance management practices on employee performance at Uganda’s Ministry of Works and Transport MoWT . Adopting a positivist research approach, a quantitative correlational design was used, and data were collected from 55 employees across senior, middle, and supervisory levels through structured questionnaires. The study focused on key performance management practices, including clarity of performance expectations, fairness and objectivity of appraisals, constructive feedback, and identification of training needs. Descriptive analysis revealed that employees generally agreed that performance expectations were clear Mean = 3.91, SD = 0.823 , appraisals were fair and objective Mean = 3.64, SD = 1.112 , feedback motivated improvement Mean = 3.96, SD = 0.816 , and training needs were appropriately addressed Mean = 3.91, SD = 0.823 . These findings highlight that structured performance management systems provide clarity, accountability, and support for professional development. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between performance management practices and employee performance r = 0.519, p 0.01 . Multiple regression analysis further confirmed the effect, with performance management practices explaining 62.8 of the variation in employee performance R² = 0.628, Adjusted R² = 0.599 . The regression model Y = 0.678 0.330X e indicated that improvements in these practices were associated with measurable increases in employee productivity, work quality, and accountability t = 4.608, p 0.001 . Overall, the study demonstrates that well structured performance management practices are crucial for enhancing employee effectiveness in public sector institutions. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and human resource practitioners seeking to strengthen workforce performance and service delivery in Uganda. Olaki Ronald | Ssemanda Ronald | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Assessing the Influence of Performance Management Practices on Employee Performance in Uganda: A Case Study of the Ministry of Works and Transport" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125187.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/125187/assessing-the-influence-of-performance-management-practices-on-employee-performance-in-uganda-a-case-study-of-the-ministry-of-works-and-transport/olaki-ronald

Kalimpong, a town located in the eastern Himalayas, is renowned for being part of an ecological hotspot, one of three in the entire region of India. Situated between two hills, Darpin and Delo, Kalimpong rests on a ridge and offers breathtaking views of its surrounding areas, including the Teesta river and its valleys. The Delo hills, situated to the northeast of the town, are home to three water reservoirs, two of which serve as the primary source of drinking water for Kalimpong. At an altitude of 1300 metres about 4200 feet ,Delo ark experiences a mild and temperate climate, with maximum summer temperatures reaching 27 degrees Celsius and minimum temperatures dropping to 16 degrees Celsius. 34,35 To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of forest biodiversity its conservation, it is crucial to conduct a thorough and diverse analysis. However, there are challenges when it comes to sampling methods, methodologies, sample size, and field measurements that hinder the comparison and compilation of findings. In this paper, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of various sampling techniques used in floristic inventory and diversity analysis. The results sggest a meaningful relationship between Tourism and Floral species Diversity in Delo Hill, Kalimpomg, Basundhara Mondal | Sayoni Chatterjee "Biodiversity Assessment of Delo Hills, Kalimpong: Evaluating Floristic Diversity amidst Growing Tourism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125203.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/125203/biodiversity-assessment-of-delo-hills-kalimpong-evaluating-floristic-diversity-amidst-growing-tourism/basundhara-mondal

The rapid increase in population has resulted in excessive generation of municipal solid waste, creating serious environmental concerns. This study focuses on rapid composting using Trichoderma based microbial inoculants in an in vessel system. The process significantly reduces decomposition time to 30–40 days and improves compost quality. The final compost is nutrient rich and suitable for agricultural applications. Prof. Madan Pawar | Ms. Priti Kharade | Ms. Sakshi Khot | Ms. Sneha Somwanshi "Performance Analysis of TriFungi-Based Rapid Composting System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101898.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101898/performance-analysis-of-trifungibased-rapid-composting-system/prof-madan-pawar

Risk is an inherent and inevitable part of every business operation. Risk management has always been at the core of organizational strategy, safeguarding assets, reputation, and long term viability. Traditionally, companies relied on historical data and reactive strategies to manage risk. Risk management has been largely reactive, focusing on mitigating threats after they materialize. Predictive analytics, a subset of data analytics, empowers organizations to anticipate risks by analyzing historical and real time data to identify patterns and trends. It involves the use of statistical techniques, machine learning algorithms, and data mining to analyze historical and current data to make informed predictions about future events. It enables organizations to foresee threats, enhance strategic planning, and manage the delicate equilibrium between personalization and privacy. In the realm of risk management, predictive analytics serves as a cornerstone. The transition from reactive to proactive risk mitigation is reshaping the business landscape. This paper will explore how predictive analytics has revolutionized risk management across various industries. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Risk Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125209.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/risk-management/125209/predictive-analytics-in-risk-management/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The purpose of the study was to elaborate a contextualized comprehensive model for the assessment approach for diabetic patients by nurses in the regional hospital of Limbe in the Southwest region of Cameroon. The study was guided by the Orlando’s theory of The Deliberative Nursing Process, the Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems Theory, and the Self Determination Theory by Ryan and Deci. A concurrent mixed method combining a survey and quasi experimental designs was used. The study’s population was made of nurses supported by observation. Convenience sampling method was used to select nurses. A total of 110 nurses were involved in the study following sample size determination considering one population proportion with the support of Epi Info 6.04d and Power Sampling using G Power 3.1. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire and observational checklist. The questionnaire equally served as evaluation tool for the interventional study. The training of nurses on the assessment of diabetic patients was done using a standardized training protocol contextualized following the results of the baseline survey. An application to carry out the research was sent to the ethical review board of the University of Bamenda. Upon approval, data were collected while abiding to the necessary ethical requirements. Data were digitalized with the support of EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 21.0. As for the textual data qualitative data , their abstraction was reduced following the process of thematic analysis. The most highlighted patient related challenge faced during the assessment of diabetic patients was lack of patient education with respect management plan 54.1 49 the most highlighted assessment related challenge being patient giving inaccurate or incomplete information leading to incorrect assessments and diagnoses 80.9 76 the most highlighted nurse related challenge being lack of knowledge or experience in assessing diabetic patients 60.4 55 while the most highlighted environmental related challenge was limited resources lack of glucometers or laboratory tests 63.8 60 . Cumulatively, practice was poor poor or very poor for 75.5 of them. It was recommended that these challenges be taken into consideration by policy makers and medical administrators and practitioners in their endeavours towards improving the well being of diabetic patients. Rufina Nsohle Njume | Mary Bi Suh Atanga | Kenneth Navti | Nana Celestin "Challenges in the Assessment of Diabetic Patients in Fako Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125193.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/125193/challenges-in-the-assessment-of-diabetic-patients-in-fako-division-southwest-region-of-cameroon/rufina-nsohle-njume

In todays competitive business landscape, understanding your customers is no longer enough you must anticipate their needs before they even articulate them. Customer relationship management CRM systems have long served as the central repository for customer data, tracking interactions, purchases, and preferences. Predictive analytics is a transformative technology that shifts CRM from a reactive record keeping tool into a proactive engine for growth. It leverages historical data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on past patterns. When integrated into a CRM system, predictive analytics empowers businesses to forecast customer behavior, optimize marketing strategies, and significantly enhance customer retention. CRM Predictive analytics is changing the way businesses interact with their customers. This paper explores the transformative role of predictive analytics in CRM systems. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Customer Relationship Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125210.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/125210/predictive-analytics-in-customer-relationship-management/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Fuel scarcity is a critical challenge in many developing economies, most particularly in Nigeria, where it persists despite the country’s status as a major crude oil producer. This phenomenon is characterized by the insufficient supply of petroleum products to meet demand, therefore leading to widespread economic and social disruptions. Some of the causes of fuel scarcity also depends on inadequate refining capacity, heavy dependence on fuel imports, foreign exchange constraints, infrastructural deficiencies, policy inconsistencies, and systemic corruption within the distribution system. There are as well the far reaching effects of fuel shortages, like inflation, increased transportation costs, reduced industrial productivity, cum the decline in the general standard of living of the people. The paper delves into discussing on the causes, challenges, and probable sustainable solutions to mitigate the recurring nature of fuel scarcity in developing countries like Nigeria. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Fuel Scarcity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101899.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/101899/fuel-scarcity/paul-a-adekunte

Background The adoption of Artificial Intelligence AI in hospital human resource management is slowly becoming a reality in many healthcare settings. Employees remain the most important resource in hospitals, and AI is now being explored to support administrative functions such as recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and workforce engagement. While these applications highlight the opportunities for improving efficiency and decision making, there are also practical challenges around ethics, data privacy, staff acceptance, and organizational readiness that need to be considered. Objectives This review aims to document the usefulness of AI in human resource management in hospitals and to highlight the challenges involved in adopting such systems. Methods A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA approach. Articles in English published between 2015 to June 2025 were searched through different databases. From 140 records identified, 121 were screened, and 22 were finally included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The findings of the review are grouped under four main areas AI in Recruitment and Talent Acquisition, AI in training and professional development, Employee performance management, and AI for Workforce Retention and Engagement along with Challenges and Risks in AI Adoption. AI tools were found useful in shortlisting candidates, delivering online training, analyzing employee performance, and predicting staff turnover. However, barriers included shortage of trained professionals, cost of implementation, concerns about job displacement, and lack of organizational preparedness. Conclusion AI has the potential to improve hospital human resource management by offering new ways to strengthen administrative efficiency and workforce sustainability. At the same time, its adoption must be balanced with ethical safeguards, adequate training, and policies that ensure responsible use. Pranima Paul | Dr. Tamasmita Basu "Adopting AI in Hospitals Human Resource Management: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125180.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/125180/adopting-ai-in-hospitals-human-resource-management-opportunities-and-challenges/pranima-paul

Supply Chain Optimization Management has become a critical factor in improving business performance in today’s competitive and globalized environment. This study focuses on analyzing the importance of optimizing supply chain processes to enhance efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve customer satisfaction. The research examines key components of supply chain management, including procurement, production, inventory management, transportation, and distribution. It also explores modern optimization strategies such as demand forecasting, digital transformation, and supplier collaboration. The findings indicate that organizations adopting optimized supply chain practices achieve better performance in terms of cost efficiency, delivery speed, and flexibility. However, challenges such as demand uncertainty, global disruptions, and lack of coordination continue to affect supply chain efficiency. Rishank Srivastava "Supply Chain Optimization Management: Enhancing Efficiency, Cost Reduction, and Organizational Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd101900.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/101900/supply-chain-optimization-management-enhancing-efficiency-cost-reduction-and-organizational-performance/rishank-srivastava

Rwanda’s dependence on imported petroleum products exposes the economy to external price shocks, foreign exchange pressures, and inflation. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between urban mobility patterns and fuel consumption, focusing on Kigali. Using a constructed panel dataset 2015–2025 combining fuel imports, vehicle registrations, and modal share estimates, the study estimates the elasticity of fuel demand with respect to modal shifts, congestion, and public transport supply. A fixed effects and instrumental variable IV framework is employed to address endogeneity between transport demand and infrastructure supply. Results show that a 10 increase in public transport modal share reduces urban fuel consumption by approximately 6–8 , while congestion increases fuel use non linearly. The findings support a phased policy approach, demonstrating that sequencing investments in public transport before restrictive measures yields significantly higher fuel savings and welfare gains. Dr. Manzi Rutayisire Antoine "A Phased Urban Mobility Transition to Reduce Fuel Dependence in Rwanda: An Empirical Analysis of Fuel Demand, Modal Shift, and Policy Sequencing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102001.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102001/a-phased-urban-mobility-transition-to-reduce-fuel-dependence-in-rwanda-an-empirical-analysis-of-fuel-demand-modal-shift-and-policy-sequencing/dr-manzi-rutayisire-antoine

BACKGROUND Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is not something that one possesses as a commodity but connotes rather a way of functioning within ones environment work, recreation, and living . The work environment constitutes an important part of mans total environment, so health to a large extent is affected by work conditions. AIM To assess the knowledge and attitude related to use of safety measures against respiratory disorders caused by air pollution among traffic policemen in selected areas of Pune city. METHODS A descriptive research design was used to conduct the present study. Convenient sampling was used to select 100 policemen. Sociodemographic profile, self administered knowledge questionnaire and self administered attitude scale was used to collect the data. RESULTS The present study results revealed that the p values corresponding to age, education, monthly income and number of children are small less than 0.05 , the null hypothesis is rejected. Age, education, monthly income and number of children were found to have significant association with attitude of traffic policemen regarding use of safety measures against respiratory disorders caused by Air Pollution. It proved that the correlation coefficient between knowledge and attitude was found to be 0.19 and this correlation coefficient is negative. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that the traffic policemen with more knowledge had negative attitude regarding use of safety measures against respiratory disorders caused by Air Pollution. Vij Shailza | Ms. Kammar Manisha "To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Related to Use of Safety Measures against Respiratory Disorders Caused by Air Pollution among Traffic Policemen in Selected Areas of Pune City with" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102002.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/102002/to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-related-to-use-of-safety-measures-against-respiratory-disorders-caused-by-air-pollution-among-traffic-policemen-in-selected-areas-of-pune-city-with/vij-shailza

This study investigates the role of job satisfaction on research productivity of librarians in public colleges of education in Southwestern Nigeria. It aims to find out the level of job satisfaction possessed by the librarians and investigate its role on their research productivity. Descriptive survey design was adopted to carry out the research using librarians in public colleges of education in Southwestern Nigeria. Questionnaire was used for data collection purposes. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviation for research questions. The Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation PPMC was adopted to analyse the only hypotheses stated at a 0.5 level of significance. The study concluded that the level of job satisfaction possessed by the librarians in public colleges of education is high. Findings also revealed that the job satisfaction possessed by the librarians greatly contribute to their level of research productivity. The study concludes that job satisfaction plays significant role on the research productivity of librarians in public colleges of education. Adesoji Gabriel Omirin | Abel Olusegun Egunjobi "The Role of Job Satisfaction on Productivity of Librarians in Public Colleges of Education in Southwestern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125188.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125188/the-role-of-job-satisfaction-on-productivity-of-librarians-in-public-colleges-of-education-in-southwestern-nigeria/adesoji-gabriel-omirin

DevOps has been a transformative approach in software development. With the integration of AI, this transformation has accelerated even further. The convergence of AI and DevOps is enabling organizations to achieve greater efficiency, reliability, and speed in their software delivery. Nihit Gupta "DevOps Powered by AI: Revolutionizing Software Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102009.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/102009/devops-powered-by-ai-revolutionizing-software-development/nihit-gupta

Of all the technologies to impact telecom in the 21st century, none have been as definitive and transformative as AI. Its integration into product development is no longer just an option but a necessity for telecom companies to excel in an increasingly complex ecosystem. The benefits are numerous, among them enhanced efficiency, streamlined lifecycle management, improved customer experiences, and robust security. As of 2024, AI has become an essential ally for operators to hold on to a competitive position in the telecom landscape, while maintaining an unwavering stance on growth, profitability and sustainability. Nihit Gupta "AI-Enabled Product Development in a Complex Telecom IT Space" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-2 , April 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102010.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/102010/aienabled-product-development-in-a-complex-telecom-it-space/nihit-gupta