Fault diagnosis and verification play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and correctness of Very Large Scale Integration VLSI circuits, especially as modern digital systems continue to grow in complexity and scale. With the continuous reduction in transistor sizes and increasing integration density, digital circuits are more susceptible to logic level faults arising from design inconsistencies, manufacturing variations, timing violations, and unexpected input conditions. Early identification of such faults is essential to prevent functional failures, reduce debugging time, and improve overall system reliability. Traditional fault detection techniques predominantly rely on rule based testing, manual inspection, or hardware intensive verification tools. While these methods have been effective for small and medium scale circuits, they often become inefficient, time consuming, and difficult to scale when applied to complex digital systems. Additionally, many conventional approaches focus solely on fault identification without offering meaningful guidance for fault correction, which limits their usefulness in educational and early stage design environments. To address these limitations, this paper presents an AI inspired fault detection framework for digital VLSI circuits based on logic gate simulation and intelligent decision analysis. Rather than employing data intensive machine learning models, the proposed system emphasizes deterministic logic evaluation, transparency, and interpretability. Fundamental digital logic gates are modeled using Boolean logic principles, and the system evaluates circuit behavior by comparing observed outputs with theoretically expected results derived from standard truth tables. The proposed framework not only detects faulty behavior at the logic level but also provides corrective insights by analyzing input output relationships. When a mismatch between expected and observed outputs is identified, the system examines possible input variations and logical conditions that may have caused the fault. This feature enables users to better understand the nature of the fault and assists designers in rapid debugging and validation of digital circuits. A complete software based implementation of the proposed system is developed using Python for backend logic processing, while the Flask framework is utilized to create a web based interactive user interface. The frontend allows users to select logic gate types, provide input combinations, and specify observed outputs, making the system accessible even to users with limited hardware design experience. This modular and platform independent implementation ensures ease of deployment, low cost, and scalability for academic and experimental use. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach accurately detects logic level faults across a wide range of fundamental logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR configurations. The results indicate consistent and reliable fault identification while maintaining low computational overhead. Compared to conventional fault detection methodologies, the proposed system offers improved interpretability, reduced complexity, and enhanced user interaction. Overall, the presented AI inspired fault detection framework provides a cost effective, user friendly, and educationally valuable solution for logic level fault analysis in VLSI circuits. The system is particularly suitable for academic learning, design verification, and preliminary testing scenarios, and it serves as a strong foundation for future extensions involving sequential circuits, larger combinational networks, and advanced intelligent diagnostic techniques. Pranav Dhumane | Dr. N. S. Narawade | Dr. N. S. Kothari "AI-Inspired Fault Detection in VLSI Circuits Using Simulation Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd116442.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/116442/aiinspired-fault-detection-in-vlsi-circuits-using-simulation-techniques/pranav-dhumane

Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement agents against individuals or groups. This includes beatings, shootings, asphyxiation, improper takedowns, taser misuse, racial abuse, torture, and unlawful killings. Amnesty International frames it as a violation of the duty to protect human rights, where police misuse powers to kill, injure, surveil, and suppress protests. The main causes and drivers of police brutality are as a result of structural and organizational factors such as i police culture, lack of accountability, training and militarization, and discriminatory profiling and ii individual factors like authoritarian personality, inexperience, trauma, personal problems, and stress PTSD in officers which can increase the risk of aggressive responses. The consequences of police brutality for both individuals and communities are so grave in terms of health, economic strain, trust erosion, and social impact. It occurs in most countries globally. The paper dives into looking at the pros and cons of police brutality and proposes solutions to ending this social menace for the benefit of humanity and our society at large. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Police Brutality: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102062.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102062/police-brutality-an-overview/paul-a-adekunte

Aiming at prominent problems in grassroots medical institutions in China, such as low informatization level, high operation cost, complex and difficult to use systems, and weak data security, this paper designs and implements a lightweight, low cost, easy to operate and security compliant community healthcare management system. Adopting Python Django back end architecture and lightweight front end technology, the system constructs five core modules patient files, registration and consultation, prescription management, drug inventory, and permission security, forming an one stop digital management solution for grassroots medical institutions. Pilot applications were carried out in 8 grassroots medical institutions in Chaoyang District, Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing. The results show that the system features convenient deployment, low learning threshold and strong stability, which can effectively shorten patients waiting time, improve doctors work efficiency, standardize diagnosis and treatment processes, and protect patients privacy and security. It has good promotion value and social significance. Li Linshuai "Design and Application Research on Lightweight Community Healthcare Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125271.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/database/125271/design-and-application-research-on-lightweight-community-healthcare-management-system/li-linshuai

Raising awareness about sexual and reproductive health is a key concern that involves the acceptability of contraceptive methods. The aim of this research is to analyse the factors influencing the acceptability of family planning among adolescent girls and young women in the city of Conakry. This is a qualitative study. The results were obtained through semi structured interviews with 83 adolescent girls and young women in the municipality of Conakry, six health workers and a project supervisor working on SRHR. Analysis of the empirical data revealed that adolescent girls and young women in the municipality of Conakry have limited knowledge of family planning methods. In addition to lacking sufficient knowledge of the actual use of contraceptives, adolescents and young women adopt a negative attitude towards these methods, which they consider alien to their socio cultural values. Added to these socio cultural factors are the prejudices and shame they experience when discovered by a third party using these contraceptive methods. The data also reveal that economic difficulties are a factor in the refusal to use these methods. Finally, to improve acceptance of family planning among adolescent girls and young women, the findings suggest that the state should provide effective access to contraceptive methods to help young people avoid the consequences of not using them. Gilchrist Fabrice Gouthon | Mohamed Lamine Dioubate | Frederic Houessou | Sabiratou Maman | Moustapha Diop1, Fanta Sylla "A Qualitative Assessment of the Acceptability of Family Planning among 83 Adolescent Girls and Young Women in the City of Conakry in 2026" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102063.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/102063/a-qualitative-assessment-of-the-acceptability-of-family-planning-among-83-adolescent-girls-and-young-women-in-the-city-of-conakry-in-2026/gilchrist-fabrice-gouthon

Adolescent depression and anxiety are major mental health concerns that can affect academic performance, emotional stability, social relationships, and long term quality of life. Early identification of at risk adolescents is essential because delayed intervention may lead to social isolation, self harm, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, and chronic psychological difficulties. This study presents a machine learning based approach for predicting mental health risks in adolescents, focusing on depression and anxiety. The proposed framework uses clinical, demographic, psychosocial, academic, behavioral, lifestyle, and digital indicators to classify adolescents into risk and non risk categories. The study applies an Extreme Gradient Boosting model integrated with ReLU activation to improve nonlinear learning and enhance predictive accuracy. The methodology includes model initialization, residual computation, weak learner fitting, ReLU based correction, iterative prediction updating, final risk probability estimation, and model evaluation. Performance is assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Comparative results show that traditional Linear Logistic Regression achieved the lowest performance, whereas SVM, ANN, and Random Forest showed improved predictive ability. The proposed XGBoost–ReLU model achieved the highest performance with 91.80 accuracy, 91.20 precision, 92.40 recall, and 91.79 F1 score. The high recall value indicates strong capability in identifying adolescents who are genuinely at risk, which is crucial for early counseling and preventive intervention. The findings suggest that advanced machine learning models can support data driven mental health screening, counseling prioritization, and timely intervention planning. Future work should focus on larger datasets, clinical validation, explainable AI, privacy protection, and real world deployment in schools and healthcare systems. Md. Iftekhar Ansari | Madhuvan Dixit "Study of Prediction Mental Health Risks in Adolescents for Depression and Anxiety using XGBoost with ReLU Activation Function" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102064.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102064/study-of-prediction-mental-health-risks-in-adolescents-for-depression-and-anxiety-using-xgboost-with-relu-activation-function/md-iftekhar-ansari

This paper condenses an experimental study of rigid die clinching for Litecor steel polymer steel sandwich sheets joined with galvanized steels. The investigated 0.7 mm steel combinations did not form acceptable joints, while selected 1.5 mm combinations created joints with cracking or weak interlocking. The method was therefore unsuitable for the tested material systems. Lubos Kascak | Jan Varga "Rigid-Die Clinching of Sandwich Composite Sheets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133269.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/133269/rigiddie-clinching-of-sandwich-composite-sheets/lubos-kascak

This paper compares selected novel methods for the mechanical joining of thermoplastic composites and metal sheets, with emphasis on Flow Drill Joining FDJ , Thermoclinching, Hotclinching, and Insert Clinching. The study focuses on the joining principles, technological characteristics, and the effect of each process on the local structure of the composite, particularly fibre reorientation, fibre damage, and the formation of a mechanical interlock. Based on the reviewed literature, Hotclinching offers a favourable balance between joint strength and production efficiency, while Thermoclinching enables a reliable form lock at the cost of greater process complexity. Insert Clinching is advantageous because it reduces damage to the composite during the final joining stage, whereas FDJ appears promising due to its element free principle and minimal disturbance of the fibre architecture. The comparison shows that the selection of a suitable joining method depends mainly on the required load bearing capacity, process complexity, and the acceptable level of structural modification in the composite. Tomas Jezny | Vladimír Rohal "Comparison of Novel Methods for Mechanical Joining of Metals and Thermoplastic Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133271.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/133271/comparison-of-novel-methods-for-mechanical-joining-of-metals-and-thermoplastic-composites/tomas-jezny

A blockchain is a decentralized, cryptographically secured ledger that records transactions and data across a peer to peer network in an immutable, chronological, and transparent manner. The integration of blockchain into journalism represents a paradigm shift in how we establish trust, verify authenticity, and value intellectual labor in the digital age. Blockchain technology could revolutionize journalism by creating untamperable records of content provenance, facilitating micropayments directly between audiences and journalists, and establishing decentralized autonomous organizations to govern editorial standards. Blockchain as an underlying technology and a paradigm innovator for journalism has more potential than the Internet for improving mass media. This paper explores the diverse applications of blockchain in journalism and critically evaluates the challenges that impede its widespread adoption. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102080.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102080/blockchain-in-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Employee performance is one of the most critical determinants of organizational success. Organizations continuously seek effective strategies to improve employee productivity, commitment, and job satisfaction. Among the various motivational tools available, rewards and recognition have emerged as powerful mechanisms for enhancing employee performance. The present study investigates the influence of rewards and recognition on employee performance among employees working in different organizations. The study examines how financial rewards, non financial rewards, appreciation, promotions, incentives, and recognition programs affect employee motivation and productivity. Data were collected from 120 employees through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that employees who receive regular rewards and recognition demonstrate higher levels of motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work performance compared to employees who receive limited recognition. The study concludes that effective reward and recognition systems contribute significantly to organizational productivity and employee retention. Organizations should therefore develop fair, transparent, and performance based reward systems to maximize employee potential and achieve long term organizational objectives. Dr. Ranjana Kumari "Influence of Rewards and Recognition on Employee Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102084.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/102084/influence-of-rewards-and-recognition-on-employee-performance/dr-ranjana-kumari

Digital twin DT technology, originally developed in industrial engineering to monitor and optimize physical assets, is emerging as a paradigm shifting innovation in modern healthcare. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical entity, linked by a continuous, bi directional flow of real time data. In healthcare, a digital twin is an individualized, interconnected, interactive, informative, and impactful the “5Is” virtual representation of a patient. It is a living, intelligent, and evolving virtual model of human organs, tissues, cells, or entire physiological systems that continuously updates via real time patient data. Unlike static computational models, a true digital twin establishes a bidirectional, synchronized data loop with its physical counterpart. This paper examines the evolving role of digital twins in healthcare. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins in Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125003.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125003/digital-twins-in-healthcare/matthew-n-o-sadiku

A digital twin is an evolving virtual representation of a physical object, system, or process that utilizes real time data to accurately reflect and simulate its real world counterparts behavior. It bridges the physical and virtual realms, enabling real time, bidirectional data exchange to optimize production processes, enhance product design, and facilitate predictive maintenance. A digital twin in manufacturing is a detailed virtual model of a physical asset, such as a product, equipment piece, or an entire production system. Digital twins can represent individual machines, production lines, or entire factories, enabling simulation, prediction, and optimization without disrupting real operations. The digital twin can allow companies to have a complete digital footprint of their products from design and development through the end of the product life cycle. The integration of digital twins into manufacturing has accelerated rapidly with the convergence of the Internet of things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. This paper explores operational applications of digital twin technology in the manufacturing sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125004.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125004/digital-twins-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The telecommunications industry is undergoing a shift from traditional hardware intensive systems to modern, software driven, cloud native architectures. In this new landscape, digital enterprise applications DEA are playing a pivotal role in supporting and enhancing telecom operations. Here we will explore the current technological shifts in the industry and how digital enterprise applications are powering exciting new use cases. The changes we’re seeing in the telecom industry today are fueled by multiple emerging paradigms, including 5G, cloudification cloud native, edge computing, and AI enabled automation. Thanks to these technologies, which have percolated to the grassroots of digital enterprise applications, telecom operators are now considering digital applications as strategic tools that can be leveraged to unlock new revenue streams and improve customer loyalty. Market leading enterprise applications, from players such as SAP, Salesforce, Oracle, and ServiceNow, are now embedded within the telecom fabric, helping to manage everything from backend systems to Customer Experience CX . Nihit Gupta "Digital Enterprise Applications: A Telecom View in 2024" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102004.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/102004/digital-enterprise-applications-a-telecom-view-in-2024/nihit-gupta

Purpose This paper addresses the lack of practice ready frameworks for integrating AI driven predictive analytics into K 12 construction governance. It proposes the Proactive Program Intelligence PPI Framework specifically for public K 12 capital programs managed by owner’s representatives. Design methodology approach This conceptual paper synthesizes eight peer reviewed studies across decision theory, machine learning, and organizational adoption. It utilizes DECAS decision theory as a theoretical anchor and draws on empirical documentation of K 12 governance deficiencies. Findings The resulting PPI Framework features a three layer architecture data governance, predictive modelling, and decision activation. It provides a structured pathway to transition K 12 management from reactive judgment to proactive, data informed governance. Originality This is the first framework to synthesize AI driven cost and risk identification specifically for the owner’s representative role in K 12 public construction. Research limitations implications The framework requires future empirical validation through case studies and K 12 specific datasets. Practical implications The framework offers a staged, capability first roadmap suitable for the governance constraints of public bond funded programs. Denish Sonani "From Reactive to Proactive: A Conceptual Framework for AI-Driven Predictive Analytics in K-12 Construction Risk and Cost Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125218.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/risk-management/125218/from-reactive-to-proactive-a-conceptual-framework-for-aidriven-predictive-analytics-in-k12-construction-risk-and-cost-management/denish-sonani

Ants are ecologically important components of agricultural ecosystems, contributing to soil modification, nutrient cycling, and regulation of arthropod populations. Despite their significance, crop specific information on ant assemblages from the semi arid agricultural landscapes of Vidarbha, Maharashtra, remains limited. The present study investigates ant diversity and community composition across three major kharif crops—soybean Glycine max , pigeon pea Cajanus cajan , and cotton Gossypium spp. —cultivated in Bhatkuli tehsil of Amravati district. Field sampling conducted from July to December 2024 using pitfall traps and timed hand collection resulted in 1,270 individuals representing 12 species, 11 genera, and five subfamilies. Soybean fields recorded the highest diversity Shannon–Wiener index, H = 2.18 and evenness E = 0.91 , whereas cotton fields exhibited lower diversity H = 1.84 and higher dominance D = 0.21 , largely due to the prevalence of Camponotus compressus. The results demonstrate that crop architecture and management intensity strongly influence ant community structure. The study emphasizes the importance of crop heterogeneity in conserving beneficial ant fauna and enhancing ecosystem services in the agricultural landscapes of Vidarbha. J. D. Nand | D. S. Kulkarni "Ant Diversity and Community Structure (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Soybean, Pigeon Pea, and Cotton Agro-ecosystems of Bhatkuli, Amravati District, Maharashtra (India)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125232.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125232/ant-diversity-and-community-structure-hymenoptera-formicidae-in-soybean-pigeon-pea-and-cotton-agroecosystems-of-bhatkuli-amravati-district-maharashtra-india/j-d-nand

Softwarization has been a key driver for telecom sales, enabling the industry to break free of its trademarked rigidity and bolstering newer strategic approaches, like omni channel commerce and digital assisted sales. These approaches are driving the sector towards a modern, dynamic and customer focused future. However, numerous challenges impede this journey. By following best practices, telecom companies can enhance their omni channel and assisted sales strategies, enhancing competitiveness in the long run. Way back in 2011, Marc Andreessen, a prominent entrepreneur, technologist, and venture capitalist, famously claimed that “software is eating the world.” If ever there was a statement that encapsulated the future of telecom, this was it. Technology has dramatically altered the face of telecom sales today, which has rapidly progressed beyond traditional channels to more integrated, customer centric and omni channel approaches. These serve the multi fold vision of enriching customer experience while simultaneously streamlining infrastructural frameworks and strengthening operations. Both omni channel commerce and digital assisted sales are two sides of the same coin, and we will independently examine how they have evolved over the last few years. Nihit Gupta "Exploring the Evolution of Omni Channel Commerce & Digital Assisted Sales and Service in Telecom" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102005.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/102005/exploring-the-evolution-of-omni-channel-commerce-and-digital-assisted-sales-and-service-in-telecom/nihit-gupta

Natural language processing NLP is about teaching computers to actually understand and work with our everyday language. It stands at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, serving as the critical bridge between human communication and machine understanding. The primary objective of NLP is to enable computers to process, interpret, and generate natural language in a manner that is both meaningful and contextually accurate. NLP is the technology that helps computers make sense of that flood of words. It is already changing how we live and work. This paper explores the various applications of NLP, highlighting its impact on business, healthcare, and society. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Applications of Natural Language Processing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102006.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102006/applications-of-natural-language-processing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The forensic examination of handwriting remains a critical tool in legal and investigative contexts, particularly in the authentication of signatures. This paper explores the complexities associated with assisted guided hand signatures and non standard writing marks, including crosses, check marks, ballot markings, and rubrics. Through structural and behavioral analysis, the study identifies distinguishing features between genuine and fraudulent writing. Contrary to common assumptions, irregularities such as clumsiness and inconsistency may indicate authenticity in assisted signatures, while excessive smoothness and refinement often suggest forgery. The paper further evaluates legal considerations and methodological approaches, emphasizing the importance of line quality and motor coordination. The findings highlight the necessity of expert interpretation in forensic handwriting analysis. Jaya Giri "Forensic Evaluation of Assisted Signatures and Non-Standard Writing Marks: Implications for Authentication and Fraud Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102007.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102007/forensic-evaluation-of-assisted-signatures-and-nonstandard-writing-marks-implications-for-authentication-and-fraud-detection/jaya-giri

Generally, the role of non financial reward in both small and medium sized enterprises SMEs and large organizations cannot be overemphasized or downplayed as it plays significant role in employees’ retention and the organization’s growth. There are various types of non financial rewards that an employer can use to motivate its workforce in order to achieve organizational goals with due consideration to Self Determination Theory SDT , and Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation Hygiene. When non financial rewards are properly utilized in an organization, employees become committed to organizational goals they are well motivated and staff turnover is low. This paper looks at the pros and cons, and as well as the benefits to humanity and the society inherent in the role of non financial or non monetary reward in employee retention Russian SMEs practices. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Non-Financial Reward in Employee Retention: Russian SMEs Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102008.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102008/nonfinancial-reward-in-employee-retention-russian-smes-practices/paul-a-adekunte

Natural language processing NLP is one of the most transformative technologies in the field of artificial intelligence. It bridges the gap between human communication and computer understanding, allowing machines to interpret, process, and generate language in ways that feel increasingly natural. It combines computational linguistics with statistical modeling and machine learning to enable computers to process, understand, and generate human language. Chatbots and voice assistants represent two of the most visible and impactful applications of NLP in today’s digital ecosystem. In the context of voice assistants like Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant, NLP is the critical technology that transforms raw acoustic data into meaningful interactions. Voice assistants have become one of the most pervasive and transformative technologies of the 21st century. This widespread adoption is largely powered by advancements in NLP, enabling these systems to understand and respond to human speech. This paper delves into the rise of voice assistants, the groundbreaking advances in NLP, and their real world applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing in Voice Assistants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102016.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102016/natural-language-processing-in-voice-assistants/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Historical interaction between Jewish communities and the Indian subcontinent represents one of the earliest examples of long term cultural coexistence between different civilisations. Jewish traders and migrants reached the western coast of India through Indian Ocean maritime trade networks and gradually established stable communities in regions such as Kerala and the Konkan coast. Communities including the Bene Israel, Cochin Jews, and later the Baghdadi Jews preserved their religious traditions while adapting to the cultural and social environment of Indian society. This article examines the historical foundations of India–Israel relations by analysing maritime trade, diaspora formation, religious pluralism, and cultural diplomacy. Using qualitative historical analysis and secondary scholarly sources, the study explores how Jewish diaspora communities interacted with Indian society over several centuries. The analysis shows that the experience of cultural coexistence and religious tolerance in India shaped positive historical memory within Jewish communities and later influenced cultural diplomacy between India and Israel. The study argues that these civilisational connections created a cultural foundation that complements contemporary political and strategic cooperation between the two countries. Understanding these historical interactions helps explain the broader social context of India–Israel relations and highlights the importance of diaspora networks and cultural heritage in shaping international relationships. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Civilisational Linkages and Cultural Diplomacy: Historical Foundations of India-Israel Relations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102011.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102011/civilisational-linkages-and-cultural-diplomacy-historical-foundations-of-indiaisrael-relations/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

The Indian monsoon is the most dominant component of the South Asian climate system, regulating hydrology, agriculture, and socio economic stability across the subcontinent. This study outlines the spatio temporal dynamics of the Indian monsoon, focusing on its two principal phases — the South West monsoon and the North East monsoon — and their driving mechanisms. Key influencing factors include the Indian topography, Himalayan orography, Tropical Easterly Jet, Subtropical Jet Stream, Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, and pressure cells over Tibet and the Indian Ocean. The South West monsoon, with Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches, typically onsets in Kerala by June 1 and withdraws by early December, exhibiting state wise variability in arrival and retreat. The India Meteorological Department delineates four seasons Winter, Pre monsoon, Monsoon, and Post monsoon, with the retreating phase marked by clear skies and cyclogenesis in the Bay of Bengal. Additionally, large scale teleconnections such as El Niño Southern Oscillation significantly modulate monsoon intensity. El Niño phases correlate with weakened rainfall, drought risk, and adverse impacts on Kharif crops, while La Niña enhances precipitation. Given India’s agrarian economy, monsoon variability directly affects agricultural productivity, water reservoirs, rural income, GDP growth, and groundwater recharge. The study underscores the monsoon’s role in both sustaining livelihoods and posing hazards through floods and droughts, highlighting the need for improved prediction models and climate resilient policy frameworks to mitigate economic vulnerability. The Indian monsoon governs the agrarian calendar, hydrological cycles, and cultural rhythms of the subcontinent. While Indian folk dances are widely documented as socio religious expressions, their dependence on monsoon seasonality, rainfall variability, and ecological context remains understudied. This study examines monsoon as an environmental determinant of folk dance morphology, material culture, and performance ecology. Basundhara Mondal "From Rainfall to Rhythm: Impact Assessment of Indian Monsoon on Climate Patterns, Economic Livelihoods, and Folk Dance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125234.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/125234/from-rainfall-to-rhythm-impact-assessment-of-indian-monsoon-on-climate-patterns-economic-livelihoods-and-folk-dance/basundhara-mondal

Employee motivation remains a fundamental determinant of organizational productivity, particularly in public sector institutions where bureaucratic inefficiencies and structural constraints often undermine performance. This study examines the relationship between employee motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational productivity in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopts a descriptive research design and utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through structured interviews conducted with selected staff, while secondary data were obtained from relevant literature. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distributions. The findings reveal that employee motivation significantly enhances productivity, commitment, recognition, and overall organizational performance. The study identifies key motivational factors such as prompt salary payment, career advancement opportunities, training and development, and improved working conditions. However, challenges such as inadequate incentives, poor working environment, weak institutional structures, and limited recognition systems hinder effective motivation. The study concludes that motivation is both a psychological and structural necessity for achieving productivity in local government administration. It recommends comprehensive reforms in employee welfare, leadership practices, institutional frameworks, and human resource management to enhance productivity and service delivery. Jim Asonnam "Motivation and Organizational Productivity in Local Government Councils: A Study in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102012.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/102012/motivation-and-organizational-productivity-in-local-government-councils-a-study-in-ikwerre-local-government-area-rivers-state/jim-asonnam

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded fertilizer levels, farmyard manure FYM and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes, nutrient uptake, protein yield, soil fertility status and economics of urdbean Vigna mungo L. . The treatments comprised different levels of recommended dose of fertilizers RDF , FYM 0 and 5 tha ¹ and biofertilizers including Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria PSB . Application of 125 RDF significantly enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording maximum plant height 50.08 cm , branches per plant 3.03 , pods per plant 27.99 , seeds per pod 6.84 , seed index 4.26 g and seed yield per plant 7.67 g , which ultimately resulted in higher seed yield per hectare. FYM application at 5 tha ¹markedly improved plant growth, nodulation and productivity, with plant height 46.75 cm , pods per plant 26.52 , seeds per pod 6.51 , seed index 4.22 g , seed yield per plant 7.11 g , root nodules per plant 45.90 , nodule dry weight 71.16 mg and seed yield 1237 kg ha ¹ . Biofertilizer inoculation exhibited consistent positive effects across treatments by improving nodulation and nutrient availability, although differences among biofertilizer treatments were statistically at par. Nutrient uptake N, P and K was significantly influenced by fertilizer levels, with higher uptake recorded under 125 RDF due to increased biomass production and improved nutrient availability. However, nutrient concentration in seed remained non significant across treatments. Protein yield was significantly enhanced under higher fertility levels and FYM application, indicating improved nitrogen assimilation and seed quality. Soil fertility parameters, including organic carbon and available N, P and K, showed improvement with FYM and biofertilizer application, reflecting better soil health and sustainability. Economic analysis revealed that application of 125 RDF resulted in maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio, making it the most profitable treatment combination. The findings suggest that integrated application of 125 RDF along with FYM at 5 tha ¹and biofertilizers is an effective strategy for achieving higher productivity, improved nutrient use efficiency, enhanced protein yield and sustainable soil health in urdbean cultivation. Komal Patel | Dr. Mandeep Kumar | Dr. Ravikesh Pal | Dr. Aneeta Yadav | Dr. Vinay Joseph Silas "Integrated Nutrient Management for Enhancing Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Protein Content and Soil Health of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102013.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/102013/integrated-nutrient-management-for-enhancing-yield-nutrient-uptake-protein-content-and-soil-health-of-urdbean-vigna-mungo-l/komal-patel

Lung cancer is a major contributor to cancer related mortality worldwide, underscoring the critical need for precise diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection and accurate staging. Conventional diagnostic methods, which involve the manual interpretation of CT scans, are susceptible to human error and operational inefficiencies. This paper details the development and implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Based Lung Cancer Detection and Staging System. This system is designed to analyze CT scan images for the identification, classification, and staging of lung tumors. The proposed system encompasses several stages image preprocessing to enhance visual quality, feature extraction to identify key tumor characteristics such as dimensions, form, and texture, and fuzzy logic classification for nuanced categorization. Unlike systems employing binary classification, this approach assigns membership values to tumor attributes, allowing for a more flexible and precise method of cancer staging. The system concludes with a Graphical User Interface GUI that enables users to upload images, review classification outcomes, and understand tumor staging, thereby improving its practical utility. Performance evaluation using the LUNA16 dataset revealed high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. These findings highlight the efficacy of fuzzy logic in managing the inherent uncertainties in medical imaging, thereby enhancing early detection capabilities and supporting clinicians in making well informed treatment decisions. This system represents a substantial advancement in lung cancer diagnostics, effectively integrating computational adaptability with clinical precision. Sakshi Ramdas Jarhad | Sakshi Aaba Chakane | Yogita Raghunath Temgire | Rahul Sitaram Bansode "Matlab Based Intelligent Fuzzy System for Early Detection of Lung Cancer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125241.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/125241/matlab-based-intelligent-fuzzy-system-for-early-detection-of-lung-cancer/sakshi-ramdas-jarhad

Primary productivity is the metabolic engine of aquatic ecosystems, governing the energy available for higher trophic levels and aquaculture yields. This review synthesizes the historical evolution of productivity studies from early trophic dynamic models to modern climate resilient frameworks. It specifically examines the drivers of carbon fixation in the Middle Gangetic Plain, focusing on how seasonal variations and nutrient stoichiometry influence phytoplankton dynamics. By bridging global limnological theories with regional data from Bihar, this article provides an overview of the factors sustaining aquatic energy flow in subtropical environments under the pressures of 21st century climate change. Dr. Priyama Kumari "Global and Regional Perspectives on Primary Productivity in Subtropical Lentic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125235.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125235/global-and-regional-perspectives-on-primary-productivity-in-subtropical-lentic-ecosystems-a-comprehensive-review/dr-priyama-kumari

This study looks at how different cultures interact inside today’s worldwide work settings. As companies stretch across regions, handling cultural variety matters more than before. Instead of just listing problems, it traces ways teams adapt, pulls from established ideas, and shows actual examples from businesses. By studying contrasts in values, how people talk on the job, and efforts to blend diverse groups, insight grows about boosting output while building spaces where everyone fits. Length stays tight, focused only on what the original covers. Looking closely at how people from different cultures work together, researchers used several methods like real life examples, staff questionnaires, because they wanted more than just numbers. Stories shared by employees showed misunderstandings happen often when languages differ, since ways of leading teams also shift across regions. Because hierarchies shape who speaks up, some groups struggle to perform well unless adjustments are made early on. Training that focuses on cultural awareness makes a difference, especially when leaders stay flexible while clear channels keep messages consistent. Success over time depends less on policies alone but more on whether organizations truly value diverse perspectives every day. Aditi Mudaliar | Rayna Singh | Dr. Sadiya Nair "Cross-Cultural Dynamics in a Globalized Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102014.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/102014/crosscultural-dynamics-in-a-globalized-workplace/aditi-mudaliar

The integration of digital tools into education has significantly transformed teaching learning processes, particularly in the context of online classes. While technological advancements have expanded access, flexibility, and innovation in pedagogy, the effectiveness of online education largely depends on teachers, whose attitudes play a decisive role in shaping instructional practices Ertmer and Ottenbreit Leftwich, 2010 . This theoretical paper critically examines teachers attitudes towards digital tools through psychological, pedagogical, and technological perspectives. Drawing upon established frameworks such as the Technology Acceptance Model Davis, 1989 , the Theory of Planned Behavior Ajzen, 1991 , the TPACK framework Mishra and Koehler, 2006 , and Constructivist Learning Theory Piaget, 1972 , the paper explores the multidimensional nature of teachers’ attitudes and their determinants. It further analyzes key influencing factors, pedagogical implications, and persistent challenges such as technostress, digital inequality, and contextual constraints Tarafdar et al., 2015 UNESCO, 2021 . The paper argues for a holistic, dynamic, and context sensitive understanding of teachers attitudes and emphasizes the need for sustained institutional support, continuous professional development, and policy interventions to ensure meaningful and sustainable integration of digital tools in education. Dr. Shaista Ateeque "Teachers Attitude Towards the Use of Digital Tools in Online Classes: A Theoretical Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125221/teachers-attitude-towards-the-use-of-digital-tools-in-online-classes-a-theoretical-perspective/dr-shaista-ateeque

This present study was done under the topic “A study to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas of Basti U.P. ” The objective of the study was to assess the pretest knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas of Basti, to find out the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas of Basti, to find out an association between pretest knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables. Methods The conceptual framework was done based on Ernestine Weidenbach helping arts of clinical nursing. To accomplish the objectives of the study, quantitative research with one group pretest post test design was adopted. In this study, the sample consists of 30 mothers of under 5 children of selected rural areas of Basti who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. The convenience sampling technique was used for this study. A structured Socio demographic variable, and knowledge questionnaire regarding home accidents, were selected based on the objectives of the study. Section A was socio demographic data, and the section B was knowledge Questionnaire on home accidents. Result revealed that pretest knowledge regarding prevention of home accident among mothers of under five children in selected areas of Basti reveal that 18 60 had poor knowledge, 12 40 had average knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents of under 5 children. Distribution of samples based on post test knowledge regarding prevention of home accident among mothers of under five children in selected areas of Basti reveal that 17 56.7 had good knowledge, 13 43.3 had average knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents of under 5 children. To find out an effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding prevention of home accident among mothers of under five children in selected areas of Basti U.P. using paired t test, reveal that STP was effective to improve knowledge regarding preventive strategies among mothers regarding home accidents of under 5 children. The calculated chi square value revealed that Obtained value was higher than table value in age in year, mother educational status, child accident history so null hypotheses rejected except in type of family, number of children and occupation of mothers. Since half of null hypotheses rejected there is a partial association between pretest knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children with selected demographic variables. hence hypotheses 2 was partially accepted. Suman "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Home Accidents among Mothers of Under Five Children in Selected Rural Areas of Basti (U.P.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/125239/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-stp-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-of-home-accidents-among-mothers-of-under-five-children-in-selected-rural-areas-of-basti-up/suman

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of LGBTQ criminology students regarding safe spaces, identity expression, and a sense of belonging. Specifically, it sought to determine how physical and social spaces, identity experiences, personal trajectories, and interpersonal interactions influence students’ perceptions of safety and inclusion. A hermeneutic phenomenological research design was employed to capture the essence of participants’ lived experiences. The study was conducted in a higher education institution in the Province of Bukidnon. The participants consisted of ten purposively selected second to fourth year LGBTQ criminology students who voluntarily shared their experiences. Data were gathered through in depth, semi structured interviews conducted in a private and conducive setting. The data were analyzed using Max van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach through thematic reflection and interpretation. Findings revealed that inclusive and respectful learning environments, supportive relationships, and institutional practices significantly shaped students’ sense of safety, identity expression, and belonging, while also fostering self acceptance and resilience. The study concludes that the lived experiences of LGBTQ criminology students are deeply influenced by the interplay of social interactions and institutional culture within academic environments. It is recommended that educational institutions strengthen inclusive policies, promote gender sensitive practices, and foster supportive learning environments to enhance students’ well being and academic engagement. Gliezl Nicor - Astillo | Teopisto Y. Culanag Jr. "Safe Spaces and Identity: LGBTQ+ Criminology Students Experiences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/125229/safe-spaces-and-identity-lgbtq-criminology-students-experiences/gliezl-nicor--astillo

Natural language processing NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that serves as the foundational architecture for modern chatbots, bridging the gap between human communication and machine understanding. A chatbot refers to a chatting robot or an intelligent conversational computer program that behaves like a human in conversation. At its core, a chatbot is a software application designed to simulate human conversation through text or voice interactions. Chatbots are essentially conversational agents designed to understand, interpret, and respond to human language, making digital interactions more intuitive and efficient. NLP chatbots are computer programs designed to interact with users in natural language, enabling seamless communication between humans and machines. They have become tools, helping businesses improve customer interactions and streamline operations. They change how businesses interact with customers and improve efficiency. This paper will delve into the multifaceted applications of NLP in chatbots. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing in Chatbots" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102015.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102015/natural-language-processing-in-chatbots/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Natural language processing NLP , a subfield of artificial intelligence, has profoundly reshaped the landscape of content generation. It provides sophisticated mechanisms for detecting and transforming AI generated text into more authentic, human like content. It is no longer merely a supportive tool for human creators it has become a core infrastructure that automates, enhances, and personalizes the production of information at a scale previously unimaginable. NLP has evolved to enable machines to not only understand human language but also to generate coherent, contextually relevant, and even creative text. It has opened up exciting frontiers in content generation, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency and innovation. This paper explores the transformative role of NLP in content generation. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing for Content Generation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102021/natural-language-processing-for-content-generation/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Road traffic accidents remain a significant public safety concern, placing traffic investigators at the forefront of accident response and investigation. This study explored the lived experiences of traffic investigators in the aftermath of road traffic incidents, using a qualitative phenomenological approach grounded in the work of Max van Manen. The participants were six 6 active duty police officers assigned as traffic investigators in selected municipal police stations in Bukidnon Province, Philippines, each with at least four years of investigative experience. Data were collected through in depth interviews using a semi structured interview guide and analyzed using Van Manens hermeneutic phenomenological method. The findings revealed five essential themes embodied strain and heightened vigilance navigating chaotic and unpredictable accident spaces temporal tension between urgency and prolonged attention balancing professional duty and human compassion and interpreting evidence through material objects. These themes indicate that traffic investigators experience their work as physically demanding, emotionally challenging, and cognitively complex, requiring vigilance, adaptability, and professional discipline. Despite these challenges, investigators find meaning through duty and public service. The study highlights the need for institutional support, enhanced training, and stress management to sustain investigator well being and effectiveness in road safety and accident response. It is recommended that law enforcement agencies strengthen training and support systems to better equip traffic investigators in managing both operational demands and psychological stress. Juarhine L. Oroyan | Teopisto Y. Culanag Jr. "Facing Wreckage: A Phenomenological Study on Traffic Investigators Experiences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125227.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/125227/facing-wreckage-a-phenomenological-study-on-traffic-investigators-experiences/juarhine-l-oroyan

Working students often face time constraints, academic pressure, and personal responsibilities while striving to achieve their educational goals. This study explored the lived experiences of off campus working students who balance academic responsibilities with employment. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological research design to capture the participants’ lived experiences. A purposive sample of ten 10 off campus working students from a selected higher educational institution in the Philippines participated in in depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The findings revealed three major themes Bearing the Weight of a Divided Life, which reflects the struggles of managing academic, work, and personal responsibilities Working Out of Necessity and Hope, which highlights financial needs and aspirations as primary motivations for employment and Becoming Through Hardship, which describes the development of resilience, discipline, and personal growth shaped by challenging experiences. The results show that participants experienced stress, exhaustion, and academic pressure while balancing dual roles, yet these challenges also contributed to their growth and strengthened sense of responsibility. Therefore, the life experiences of off campus working students demonstrate that balancing work and academic responsibilities, despite significant difficulties, fosters resilience and meaningful personal development. It is recommended that higher education institutions implement supportive programs, flexible academic arrangements, and accessible student services to better assist working students in managing their dual roles effectively. Mariel T. Alfante | Teopisto Y. Culanag Jr. "The Dual Life of Off-Campus Working Students: A Phenomenological Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/125230/the-dual-life-of-offcampus-working-students-a-phenomenological-study/mariel-t-alfante

Water is indispensable to all biotic life. It recharges soil, flows into streams, evaporates into the atmosphere, and completes its cyclic journey, thereby sustaining ecological balance. Human dependence on water is constant, making equitable access, judicious utilisation, and conservation essential for sustainable development. This paper examines urban water supply in Ranchi city, which relies primarily on surface water from river fed dams amid rapid urban expansion. It analyses demand–supply dynamics, projected population growth, user charges collected by the Ranchi Municipal Corporation RMC , and equitable distribution across city subdivisions. Although current supply appears adequate, rising population pressure on land and surface water resources governed by seasonal rainfall necessitates robust storage, distribution, and quality management strategies. The Drinking Water and Sanitation Department handles storage and supply, while the RMC manages collection and distribution. Water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen DO and biological oxygen demand BOD , were assessed at three major dams Getalsud Rukka, Hatia Dhurwa, and Kanke . The study underscores the urgency of supplementary measures such as mandatory rainwater harvesting to ensure long term sustainability. Shephali Prakash | Dr. Rajeev Ranjan Shrivastava "Urban Water Supply Management and Sustainability: A Case Study of Ranchi Municipal Corporation Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125240.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/125240/urban-water-supply-management-and-sustainability-a-case-study-of-ranchi-municipal-corporation-area/shephali-prakash

Brain tumor detection and accurate size estimation are crucial for early diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression. Manual analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scans is time consuming and prone to human error, underscoring the need for automated systems. This paper presents an automated brain tumor detection and size estimation system using MRI images, implemented with image processing techniques and a graphical user interface GUI . The proposed method begins with image preprocessing, including resizing, grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement, and Gaussian filtering for noise reduction. Segmentation is performed using Otsu’s thresholding to convert the image to binary, followed by morphological operations to remove noise and refine tumor regions. Connected component analysis is then applied to identify potential tumor regions, and validation criteria based on area, solidity, and intensity are used to eliminate false detections. The most prominent valid region is selected as the tumor. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively detects tumors in MRI images and accurately distinguishes non tumor cases, producing appropriate results. The method is computationally efficient, easy to implement, and suitable for preliminary diagnostic support. This work highlights the potential of image processing techniques for developing low cost, accessible medical image analysis tools and lays a foundation for future improvements through advanced machine learning. Aryan Sharma | Renu "An Automated Brain Tumor Detection and Size Estimation System Using MRI Images" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125243.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/cognitive-science/125243/an-automated-brain-tumor-detection-and-size-estimation-system-using-mri-images/aryan-sharma

This work presents the design and implementation of a simple electronic system using PCB design, Arduino interfacing, and sensor integration. The circuit schematic was designed using Express SCH, and the PCB layout was developed in Express PCB by following standard PCB design rules. The PCB was fabricated using the toner transfer and chemical etching method. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller for interfacing and control. Different sensors such as a PIR sensor, MQ6 gas sensor, and thermistor were connected for motion detection, gas detection, and temperature sensing. A Visual Basic 6 VB6 interface was also developed for displaying sensor information on a computer. The work demonstrates the complete process of schematic design, PCB fabrication, hardware implementation, and software interfacing. The developed system is suitable for educational and prototype applications. Shankar Lal Ninama | Prashant Goyal "Proposed Design of an Arduino-Based Sensor Interfacing System Using PCB Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102017.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/102017/proposed-design-of-an-arduinobased-sensor-interfacing-system-using-pcb-technology/shankar-lal-ninama

At present, editing work has become very popular in literature and many other fields. Whether it is books or newspapers and magazines, mass media or social media, a picture or a film everything remains incomplete without editing. So, what is meant by this work of editing Almanacs a book published every year that contains information about the movements of the planets. Scribe a person whose job was to write copies of documents, especially before printing was invented. Mandalas a geometric and often, intricate configuration of symbols used in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sinto traditions to represent the cosmos, unity and the path to enlightenment. Dr. Monali Chang "Palm Leaf Manuscript Editing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102029.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102029/palm-leaf-manuscript-editing/dr-monali-chang

Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are widely used in applications such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial automation. However, WSNs are highly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to their limited resources and wireless nature. This paper proposes a Deep Learning based Intrusion Detection System IDS for WSNs to enhance network security. The proposed system leverages a combination of Convolutional Neural Network CNN and Long Short Term Memory LSTM models to detect anomalies and malicious activities with high accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms traditional machine learning methods in terms of detection accuracy, false positive rate, and computational efficiency. to further improve performance, the system incorporates data preprocessing and feature extraction mechanisms to handle noisy and imbalanced datasets effectively. The proposed IDS exhibits strong generalization ability, making it suitable for large scale and dynamic WSN environments. This work contributes to the development of robust, intelligent, and adaptive security frameworks capable of safeguarding resource constrained wireless networks against emerging threats. Kajal Sunil Phapale | Dr. Monika Dhanjay Rokade | Dr. Sunil Sudam Khatal "Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Intrusion Detection Using PCA and Random Forest" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125242.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/125242/hybrid-machine-learning-model-for-intrusion-detection-using-pca-and-random-forest/kajal-sunil-phapale

The entertainment industry is always at the forefront of adopting new technologies. The industry has historically been driven by intuition, creative vision, and a degree of unpredictability. For decades, studio executives, music producers, and event organizers relied on instinct and past experiences to determine which projects would resonate with audiences. However, the digital age has ushered in a paradigm shift, transforming entertainment. At the forefront of this transformation is predictive analytics the use of statistical techniques, machine learning, and historical data to forecast future outcomes. This paper examines the transformation role of predictive analytics on entertainment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102018/predictive-analytics-in-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Email or electronic mail is a popular communication method used in both internal and internet networks for information exchange. While email has significant benefits, its misuse can have negative impacts if not used wisely. Spam meaning Stupid Pointless Annoying Messages comes in various types, including advertisements, phishing, malware viruses, scams, and others. Spam is the pervasive nature of unsolicited and often malicious messages. The impact of spam extends beyond annoyance, as it poses risks to personal information security and hampers productivity. In its various insidious forms, spam continues to plague digital communication channels, ranging from email inboxes to social media platforms. Spam detection has evolved significantly from rudimentary rule based systems to sophisticated approaches leveraging natural language processing NLP and machine learning. NLP has become the cornerstone of modern defense systems because NLP approach provides better performance in spam detection compared to other methods. This paper explores the pivotal role of NLP in spam detection. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing for Span Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102030.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102030/natural-language-processing-for-span-detection/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, is a field within natural language processing NLP that focuses on systematically identifying, extracting, quantifying, and studying affective states and subjective information. It is the automated process of detecting and understanding the emotions conveyed through written text. This field is crucial in identifying and analyzing the thoughts, feelings, and sentiments indicated in textual data. The primary goal of sentiment analysis is to determine the emotional tone behind a piece of text, classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. In an increasingly digital world, where vast amounts of textual data are generated daily through social media, customer reviews, and online forums, the ability to automatically discern sentiment has become invaluable for businesses, researchers, and policymakers. Using algorithms and methodologies, sentiment analysis examines text data to determine the underlying sentiment. This paper examines the fundamental role of natural language processing NLP in sentiment analysis. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing for Sentiment Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102019.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102019/natural-language-processing-for-sentiment-analysis/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Implementation of the Three Rs in Solid Waste Management Practices in Identified Elementary Schools Alan B. Argawanon | Jihan S. Comeros "Implementation of the Three Rs in Solid Waste Management Practices in Identified Elementary Schools" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102020.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102020/implementation-of-the-three-rs-in-solid-waste-management-practices-in-identified-elementary-schools/alan-b-argawanon

The healthcare landscape is experiencing a data driven revolution, with the advent of predictive analytics reshaping the way we approach healthcare delivery and management. Predictive analytics, a powerful branch of data science, is transforming how healthcare providers, payers, and researchers approach patient care, operational efficiency, and strategic planning. In healthcare, this means moving beyond simply treating existing conditions to anticipating patient needs, preventing complications, and optimizing the entire delivery system. By turning vast amounts of clinical and administrative data into actionable insights, predictive analytics is redefining what is possible in patient care and organizational efficiency. Predictive analytics in healthcare involves the application of statistical modeling, data mining, artificial intelligence AI , and machine learning techniques to analyze current and historical healthcare data. The promise of predictive analytics in healthcare is nothing short of revolutionary. In this paper, we will provide an introduction to the use predictive analytics in healthcare. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Predictive Analytics in Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102022.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102022/predictive-analytics-in-healthcare/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Education is such a broad word that it is not easy to define its meaning. Since ancient times, human society has defined some meaning of education. Education is the basic foundation of man. Education shows man the path from darkness to light. Although it is impossible to imagine a healthy society without education, today no one has been able to agree on its exact meaning and significance, every country and its philosophical thought has defined different meanings of education based on its own style. Dr. Suchismita Routaray "BuBasis and Objectives of the National Education Policy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102023.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/102023/bubasis-and-objectives-of-the-national-education-policy/dr-suchismita-routaray

The new Company Law implements the most fundamental systemic restructuring of a companys internal oversight structure since 1993. Among its most significant innovations is the elevation of the audit committee system to a statutory oversight mechanism for the first time, permitting it, within the framework of corporate charter autonomy, to replace the supervisory board in exercising all supervisory powers. This systemic change signifies a structural transformation of Chinas corporate oversight system from external oversight to embedded oversight. The audit committee system simultaneously embodies the dual roles of a “committee under the board of directors” and a “statutory oversight subject,” thereby creating inherent tensions, including insufficient oversight independence and the homogenization of the oversight subject and object. At the operational level, the implementation of the new system faces practical risks such as inadequate professional competence, weak internal audit independence, over reliance on external audits, fragmented oversight processes, and blurred legal responsibility boundaries. Aiming for an effective system, this study proposes improvement pathways, including rebuilding oversight independence by strengthening information independence, institutional independence, and procedural independence enhancing the professional competence of the audit committee through a professional admission system and multi level external professional support reshaping oversight processes by constructing a “closed loop oversight” system connecting internal and external audits and clarifying legal responsibility boundaries by distinguishing decision making liability from oversight liability, and refining the duty of care standards and exemption rules. The value of the audit committee system lies not in formally replacing the supervisory board, but in driving the upgrade of the oversight logic towards specialization, process orientation, and accountability. Its effectiveness depends on the overall synergy of supporting rules, corporate governance culture, and external regulation. Lei Zhuoer "A Study on the Audit Committee System under the New Company Law" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125248.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125248/a-study-on-the-audit-committee-system-under-the-new-company-law/lei-zhuoer

This research work was aimed at investigating the impacts of the space environment on the communication subsystem of a satellite. The research employed the explanatory and review research methods to discuss what a communication subsystem of a satellite is and its functions, as well as the components making up the subsystem. The study also looked at some ways the space environment can impact negatively the communication subsystem of a satellite. From the analysis, it was revealed that some components of the communication subsystem of a satellite are antennas, transponders, modulators, demodulators, power amplifiers, receivers, and transmitters. It was also observed from the analysis that some impacts of the space environment on the communication subsystem of any satellite, irrespective of the type, are radiation effects, extreme temperature variations, vacuum conditions, space weather, atomic oxygen, charging, and electrostatic discharge. It was concluded from the results that the space environment has a serious impact on the communication subsystem of a satellite. These findings are relevant for satellite engineers, space sector scientists, GSM service providers, academics, and communication links designers. Aminu Musa Chindo | Ayegba Abdullahi | Jude A. Adeleke | Akulaga Terfa "Analysis of the Impacts of Space Environment on the Communication Subsystem of A Satellite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/102024/analysis-of-the-impacts-of-space-environment-on-the-communication-subsystem-of-a-satellite/aminu-musa-chindo

The therapeutic efficacy of Withania somnifera Ashwagandha is intrinsically tied to its metabolic fingerprint, which fluctuates significantly across India’s diverse agro climatic zones due to the phenomenon of environmental stress induced secondary metabolism. Research indicates that the plant’s chemical architecture specifically its concentration of withanolides, alkaloids, and phenolics is a direct physiological response to local soil composition, rainfall patterns, and temperature gradients. For example, cultivation in the arid and semi arid regions of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh typically yields higher concentrations of Withaferin A and Withanolide A compared to the more humid, tropical climates of West Bengal or the Indo Gangetic plains. This variation is often attributed to the plant’s adaptive mechanisms under osmotic or thermal stress, the biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites are upregulated, enhancing the plants potency as an adaptogen. Studies using advanced chromatography have shown that Madhya Pradesh samples can harbor a significantly more diverse array of metabolites up to 164 distinct compounds and higher antioxidant activity than those grown in milder regions. Consequently, the geographical origin of Ashwagandha serves as a critical determinant of its pharmacological quality, with desert grown varieties often being the most sought after for high potency clinical extracts and industrial pharmaceutical standards. Ms. Sushmita Singh | Mr. Saurabh Srivastava "Impact of Different Agro-Climatic Conditions Across India on the Chemical "Fingerprint" and Therapeutic Potency of Withania Somnifera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/102026/impact-of-different-agroclimatic-conditions-across-india-on-the-chemical-fingerprint-and-therapeutic-potency-of-withania-somnifera/ms-sushmita-singh

The Middle East, as the global center of energy supply and a region of intense geopolitical rivalry, means that a potential U.S. Iran war would inevitably impact Chinas capital market through energy, financial, and sentiment channels. This paper systematically examines the transmission paths and heterogeneous sectoral reactions to the U.S. Iran war on Chinas stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets. It naturally and appropriately constructs an impact–transmission–feedback analytical framework, centered on the transmission of geopolitical risk. The analysis yields clear and structured conclusions the war would trigger a spike in crude oil prices, heightened risk aversion, and disruptions in cross border capital flows, leading to sharp short term volatility in the capital market, with pronounced divergence in returns across sectors such as energy, defense, and transportation. From this, practical implications for investor risk hedging and regulatory responses naturally emerge. Tan Jiaze "The Impact of the U.S.-Iran War on Chinas Capital Market" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125247.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/international-economics/125247/the-impact-of-the-usiran-war-on-chinas-capital-market/tan-jiaze

Natural language processing NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors. Its applications in education holds significant promise for revolutionizing how students learn, how teachers teach, and how institutions operate. NLP in education bridges the gap between AI and human communication, offering scalable tools that enhance learning and operations. This technology is pivotal in improving how institutions, teachers, and learners engage with educational instructional tools and processes. Natural language processing education offers a range of practical advantages that help institutions deliver better learning experiences and outcomes. From streamlining administrative tasks to personalizing learning, NLP has become essential in modern education systems. NLP is redefining the potential of education, bringing scalability, personalization, and measurable outcomes to the forefront. This paper explores the diverse applications of NLP in education, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future trends. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing in Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102027/natural-language-processing-in-education/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The transmission line is one of the most critical components of an electrical power system, as it is responsible for transferring electrical energy from generating stations to distribution networks and end users. With the rapid growth in electricity demand and the continuous expansion of modern power infrastructure, the reliability and efficiency of transmission systems have become increasingly important. Transmission lines carry a significant portion of the generated power over long distances, making their stable operation essential for maintaining uninterrupted power supply. In recent years, the gap between limited power generation resources and the continuously increasing energy demand has intensified the need to minimize power losses in transmission systems. These losses include transmission losses, technical losses, and other physical losses that directly affect system efficiency and operational performance. Additionally, reactive power imbalance and voltage deviations are major concerns in long distance transmission networks, as they can reduce power quality and system stability. Fault analysis has therefore become a major area of focus in power system engineering. Rapid and accurate fault detection is essential to isolate faulty sections within a short period of time and restore the power system with minimal interruption. However, detecting and identifying faults in transmission lines remains a challenging task due to the complex nature of interconnected power networks and varying operating conditions. Since transmission lines form the backbone of the entire power system, they are highly vulnerable to different types of electrical and environmental disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review of transmission line fault detection techniques and highlights their importance in improving system reliability, operational stability, and fault management efficiency. Ghodake Jagadish B. | Bansode Rahul S. "Fault Detection in Three-Phase Power Systems Using Deep Learning in MATLAB" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/125249/fault-detection-in-threephase-power-systems-using-deep-learning-in-matlab/ghodake-jagadish-b

Natural language processing NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that is rapidly reshaping the landscape of human resources HR by automating mundane tasks, enhancing decision making, and improving the overall employee experience. NLP revolutionizes HR by significantly enhancing efficiency, mitigating bias in decision making, and ultimately improving the overall employee experience across various functions. It allows for its application across numerous HR domains, fundamentally altering traditional practices. NLP models have the potential to transform HR processes, from recruitment to employee management. From automated resume screening to employee sentiment analysis, NLP promises unprecedented efficiency and data driven decision making. This paper explores the key applications of NLP in human resources. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing in Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102028.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102028/natural-language-processing-in-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In recent period environmental protection and sustainable development have become major concerns across the world. The world moving towards green marketing. Customer awareness plays a important role in the success of green marketing. When a Customer become more informed about environmental issues, they increasingly prefer products that reduce harm to nature. so Companies are developing innovative strategies to meet Customer expectations while contributing to a sustainable future. Customer view a product or services greenness as a benefit and base their buying decision accordingly. Customer awareness is the backbone of successful green marketing because informed Customer drive demand for eco friendly products and responsible business practices. Some challenges such as high costs and greenwashing exist, effective strategies, technological advancements, and increased Customer awareness can strengthen green marketing efforts. Dr. Prem Parihar "Green Marketing Customer Awareness and Strategies for a Sustainable Future" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102069.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/102069/green-marketing-customer-awareness-and-strategies-for-a-sustainable-future/dr-prem-parihar

Groundwater quality in Surat, a rapidly urbanizing industrial city in Gujarat, is of critical concern due to its direct impact on public health, agriculture, and sustainable development. This study investigates the physico chemical characteristics of groundwater across key residential, industrial, and peri urban zones of Surat. Representative water samples were collected seasonally and analyzed for parameters including pH, electrical conductivity EC , total dissolved solids TDS , temperature, total hardness, acidity as well as indicators such as chloride where relevant. The results were compared against the Bureau of Indian Standards BIS and World Health Organization WHO guidelines to assess potability and suitability for irrigation. Spatial variations indicated elevated TDS and nitrate levels in areas influenced by industrial effluent discharge and intensive agricultural activity, while elevated chloride and sodium levels were notable near coastal and urban fringe zones. Hydrogeochemical facies were identified using Piper and Durov diagrams to determine the dominant water types and possible groundwater evolution processes. Pollution indices such as the Water Quality Index WQI helped categorize areas of concern requiring immediate intervention. The study underscores the need for integrated groundwater management strategies, regular monitoring, and policy actions to mitigate contamination sources and ensure sustainable groundwater use in Surat. Patel Pratik Sureshbhai | Vasava Hetal Rameshbhai | Patel Priyank Hiteshbhai "Review on Groundwater Quality in Surat District by Effective Quality Model and Physico - Chemical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/125189/review-on-groundwater-quality-in-surat-district-by-effective-quality-model-and-physico--chemical-study/patel-pratik-sureshbhai

Estimation and costing form the backbone of successful construction project management, directly influencing financial viability, resource allocation, and overall project success. This paper presents a comprehensive review of estimation and costing methodologies for multistorey buildings, synthesizing findings from various research studies conducted across different geographical contexts including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Egypt, and Slovakia. The review examines traditional manual estimation methods, software based approaches using tools like Microsoft Excel, AutoCAD, STAAD Pro, and ETABS, as well as advanced Building Information Modeling BIM techniques. Key factors affecting estimation accuracy are identified, including market conditions, estimator experience, site conditions, and labour availability. Comparative analysis reveals that BIM assisted estimates achieve accuracy within 0.5 0.8 variance, significantly outperforming traditional manual methods which typically show 5 15 variance. The integration of digital tools, proper work breakdown structures, and consideration of critical success factors significantly enhances estimation accuracy. This review provides valuable insights for civil engineers, project managers, and researchers seeking to improve cost estimation practices in residential construction projects. Darshan Govindbhai Mistry | Vasava Darshana Harshinghbhai | Nirav Pankajbabu Desai "A Comprehensive Review on Estimation and Costing of Multistorey Buildings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125205.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/125205/a-comprehensive-review-on-estimation-and-costing-of-multistorey-buildings/darshan-govindbhai-mistry

Today, inventory management is a key component of retail operations, which is characterised by fluctuating demand, seasonal trends, supply chain reservations, and consumer behaviour. The traditional ways of managing inventories are based on fixed prediction models and manual decision making, which result in overstocking, stock outs and better holding costs. The proposed framework consists of data preprocessing, feature engineering, demand forecasting, stock classification, and inventory optimization techniques, all of which involve the use of machine learning algorithms and Business Intelligence BI analytics. Various machine learning models such as time series forecasting methods and Random Forest and Linear Regression are tested to accurately forecast future demand. For instance, optimised inventory parameters like reorder point, safety stock and economic order quantity EOQ are eagerly calculated with predictive insights. Furthermore, Power BI dashboards offer real time visualization of various key performance indicators KPIs , stock alerts, sales trends, and supplier performance metrics, aiding in strategic and operational decision making. The results of the experiments demonstrate the benefits of more accurate forecasting and substantial savings in stock out, excess inventory and total holding costs when using predictable approaches. The findings confirm how predictive analytics and interactive BI tools improve effective efficiency and improve data driven decision making in the retail industry. The results of this research provide an adaptable and effective approach to intelligent retail stock inventory management that connects predictive modeling with business implications. Haranesha Dhaval Damjibhai | Dr. Pooja Soni | Dr. Nagendra Kr. Swarnkar "Optimizing Retail Inventory Through Intelligent Machine Learning Algorithms with Integrated Power BI Decision Support" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/102061/optimizing-retail-inventory-through-intelligent-machine-learning-algorithms-with-integrated-power-bi-decision-support/haranesha-dhaval-damjibhai

The connection between gender and culture is strong even today in the formation of learning and educational processes in Cameroon. Cultural traditions, indigenous pedagogies, folktales, and gender social norms still have a significant role in shaping access to education and academic success for boys and girls in schools. This paper analyzes the connection between culture and gender regarding education in Cameroon using three theories gender socialization theory, feminist theory and culturally responsive pedagogy. Gender education issues are among the many problems faced by Cameroon. While the countrys educational levels have improved, there still remain some gaps between the genders, especially in rural communities. According to studies, culture, household chores, and gender norms affect access to education and learning outcomes. Through an analysis of the existing empirical evidence and the literature on the subject matter, the author discusses gender representation in folklore tales, gender expectations at school, gender discourse in the classroom, and the overall connection between indigenous culture and gender learning process. With a combined approach of comparative analysis design, the study was conducted on 200 families 20 Indigenous families selected from each administrative region and more specifically on parents 341, as there are single parent families , primary school children 257 boys and 195 girls , and teachers 68 . The quantitative data was acquired using structured questionnaires and performance records, whereas the qualitative data was acquired through interview and focus group discussion with parents, teachers, and children. The results show that folktales are still an essential part of moral and cultural learning in Cameroonian families, but the educational impact varies in terms of geographical location, gender, and socioeconomic class. The study confirms that the tradition of folktales is inclined towards promoting gender stereotypes, which determine the educational expectations of children from each sex. The statistical analysis proves that there is a positive relationship between gender friendly folktales and improved academic performance of females. In contrast, highly gender oriented folktales have a negative effect on educational motivation of girls from rural areas. The study also confirms that regions with high incorporation of indigenous culture into home and school education have higher rates of students attendance, literacy, and participation in the learning process. On the other hand, patriarchal understanding of folklore limits girls self confidence and academic success. From the results obtained, it can be stated that educational practices in Cameroon not only serve to transmit culture but also reproduce gender inequality structures. However, indigenous pedagogies also have some transformative potentialities. Asse Asse Martin Joel | Yu Rong "Gender and Cultural Education in Cameroon: Folktales, Gendered Educational Experiences, and Academic Achievement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133261.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/133261/gender-and-cultural-education-in-cameroon-folktales-gendered-educational-experiences-and-academic-achievement/asse-asse-martin-joel

Diabetes mellitus is marked by chronic hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion or action. This study evaluated the in vitro glycemic control potential of Dia Care Kwath Juice, a novel polyherbal liquid formulation, manufactured by Multani Pharmaceuticals Ltd., comprising traditional herbs are Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia, Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum graecum, Tinospora cordifolia, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa, and Pterocarpus marsupium. Glycemic control potential was evaluated through a amylase and a glucosidase inhibition assays, using acarbose as the standard, alongside glucose uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay, with IC50 values derived from nonlinear regression in GraphPad Prism. Dia Care Kwath Juice exhibited dose dependent enzyme inhibition. It achieved significant a amylase inhibition IC50 6.482 , maximum inhibition 85.07 and potent a glucosidase inhibition IC50 3.012 , maximum inhibition 91.37 . In L6 myotubes, the formulation markedly boosted glucose uptake, peaking at 2 concentration with a 2.83 fold increase over basal levels. MTT assay indicated concentration dependent cytotoxicity IC50 7.69 in L6 cells , confirming viability at lower doses suitable for functional assays. These results demonstrated that Dia Care Kwath Juices robust glucose lowering and insulin sensitizing properties, positioning it as a promising adjunct for managing healthy blood sugar balance. Dr. Ruchi Srivastava | Mohammad Amaan Khan | Nakul Multani | Dr. Yogisha Shivanna "Mechanistic in Vitro Assessment of Glucose-Lowering and Insulin-Sensitizing Activities of Dia Care Kwath Juice: A Polyherbal Formulation for Supporting Healthy Blood Sugar Balance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125273.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/endocrinology/125273/mechanistic-in-vitro-assessment-of-glucoselowering-and-insulinsensitizing-activities-of-dia-care-kwath-juice-a-polyherbal-formulation-for-supporting-healthy-blood-sugar-balance/dr-ruchi-srivastava

This paper presents an Internet of Things IoT based surveillance framework integrated with Safe and Explainable Artificial Intelligence XAI to resolve the transparency and reliability challenges inherent in black box deep learning systems. Traditional autonomous surveillance models often lack interpretability, leading to high false alarm rates, vulnerability to adversarial exploits, and delayed human verification. To address these limitations, we design a multi sensor edge architecture that combines real time video analytics with environmental telemetry while incorporating model agnostic XAI frameworks SHAP and LIME to provide security operators with real time, human interpretable rationales for triggered alarms. To ensure operational safety and cyber resilience against unauthorized intrusions, the system implements end to end AES 256 and SHA 512 cryptographic pipelines alongside model pruning methodologies to eliminate edge compute latency bottlenecks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves high threat detection accuracy while significantly reducing Mean Time to Respond MTTR , offering a scalable, reliable, and legally compliant paradigm for next generation smart city and industrial security infrastructure. Mr. Balwant Singh | Mr. Chetan Kumar "IoT-Based Surveillance Systems Using Safe and Explainable AI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/102065/iotbased-surveillance-systems-using-safe-and-explainable-ai/mr-balwant-singh

Joining thin sandwich materials with a total thickness of up to approximately 1.5 mm is a major technological and structural challenge because the joint must ensure reliable load transfer without causing unacceptable damage to the face sheets and core. Based on a literature review, this paper analyses the main joining approaches applied to this class of materials, namely adhesive bonding, mechanical joining, hybrid joints, and selected thermal and thermomechanical methods. These approaches are assessed in terms of technological feasibility, joint strength, and the risk of local damage. The results indicate that adhesive bonding is the most broadly applicable approach because it enables load transfer without perforation and without pronounced local deformation. Mechanical joining methods are suitable only selectively, as they increase the risk of delamination, local indentation, and stress concentration. Hybrid joints appear to be a promising solution in terms of reliability and resistance to peel loading, whereas thermal and specialized methods are particularly suitable for thermoplastic and metal polymer systems. The selection of a joining technology should therefore be based not only on joint strength but also on the extent of disturbance to the original multilayer structure. Vladimir Rohal | Tomas Jezny "Joining Methods for Thin Sandwich Materials: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133272.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/133272/joining-methods-for-thin-sandwich-materials-a-review/vladimir-rohal

This paper presents an intelligent, context aware smart agricultural framework that utilizes deep learning architectures and Internet of Things IoT multi sensor data fusion to optimize precision irrigation and predict crop disease 1 . Traditional automated farming relies on static, single variable threshold triggers that fail to adapt to dynamic microclimate fluctuations, leading to water wastage and delayed pathogen detection 1 . To resolve these inefficiencies, we deploy a decentralized edge fog cloud infrastructure that continuously ingests heterogeneous environmental telemetry, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, soil volumetric water content, and solar irradiance 1 . This real time data stream is processed by a dual engine deep learning pipeline a Long Short Term Memory LSTM network engineered to predict dynamic soil moisture depletion curves for context aware irrigation scheduling, and a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network CNN deployed on edge nodes for localized, early stage foliar disease identification. Experimental results indicate that our context aware framework reduces irrigation water consumption by 34 while maintaining optimum soil moisture tension and achieves a 94.2 classification accuracy in identifying crop pathogens up to five days before visible macroscopic symptoms manifest. Ultimately, this integrated architecture offers a highly scalable, resource efficient, and cyber secure solution for modern sustainable farming and climate smart agriculture 1 . Mr. Saurav Kumar | Mr. Chetan Kumar "Context-Aware Smart Agriculture Using AI and IoT Sensing Use Deep Learning Models" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/102066/contextaware-smart-agriculture-using-ai-and-iot-sensing-use-deep-learning-models/mr-saurav-kumar

Social media has become an inseparable component of modern life, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Excessive and uncontrolled use of social networking platforms has led to a growing phenomenon known as social media addiction. This behavioral addiction is increasingly associated with adverse psychological, physiological, and cognitive outcomes. The present paper reviews and analyzes the relationship between social media addiction, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment. The study explores how prolonged exposure to social media platforms negatively influences sleep quality, sleep duration, memory, attention, academic performance, and executive functioning. Data from previous studies demonstrate that addictive social media use significantly contributes to delayed sleep onset, insomnia, daytime fatigue, impaired concentration, reduced working memory, and decreased academic productivity. The study also highlights the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying these effects, including dopamine mediated reward pathways, blue light exposure, emotional arousal, and disrupted circadian rhythms. The findings suggest that social media addiction is an emerging public health concern requiring behavioral interventions, digital literacy education, and awareness programs. Soni Kumari "Social Media Addiction and Its Effect on Sleep and Cognitive Function" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102067.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102067/social-media-addiction-and-its-effect-on-sleep-and-cognitive-function/soni-kumari

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence, particularly natural language processing NLP , has profoundly transformed the field of journalism. From early experiments in automated text generation to the current era of sophisticated large language models LLMs , NLP has reshaped newsgathering, production, and audience engagement. At its core, NLP is all about teaching computers to understand human language. NLP has become increasingly central to newsroom operations and has transformed how newsrooms operate. As media organizations grapple with vast amounts of unstructured data, shrinking newsroom resources, and the demand for real time reporting, NLP offers scalable solutions that augment human capabilities. NLP for journalism refers to the use of AI driven tools to analyze, interpret, and generate text, enhancing efficiency and storytelling. NLP has started to play a significant role in journalism, revolutionizing the way news is gathered, analyzed, and delivered to audiences. This paper provides an overview of how NLP is transforming modern journalism. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Natural Language Processing for Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102068/natural-language-processing-for-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The intersection of artificial intelligence and journalism has given rise to innovative tools designed to transform how news is produced, delivered, and consumed. Among these tools, chatbots have emerged as a significant medium for audience engagement and automated reporting. A chatbot is a software application that utilizes natural language to communicate with humans. The integration of chatbots in journalism represents a shift from passive news consumption to active, conversational engagement. Chatbots represent a transformative development in journalism, offering new paradigms for audience engagement and newsroom efficiency. They are already a burgeoning source of news. Chatbots in journalism can be used for efficient user interaction in the sense that they provide a more human like way of navigating and accessing news related content. This paper investigates the multifaceted role of chatbots in modern journalism. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Chatbots for Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102070.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102070/chatbots-for-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The rapid evolution of digital media has ushered in a transformative era in newsrooms the integration of robotics and automation into journalism. This integration, often known as “robot journalism” or “automated journalism,” or “algorithmic journalism,” demonstrates that robotics serves as a powerful augmentative force. The applications of robotics in journalism represent a fundamental paradigm shift rather than a temporary technological trend. This technological revolution does not replace human journalists but rather liberates them to focus on the deeply human aspects of storytelling. While a robotic algorithm can compile sports statistics, synthesize financial reports, it cannot experience empathy, build trust with a vulnerable whistleblower, or make complex ethical judgments. This paper explores the integration of robotics in the field of journalism. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robot Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102089/robot-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Background Career awareness is important for helping adolescents make informed occupational choices. Many students have limited understanding of nursing as a profession, which may affect their career decisions. Methods A pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a career awareness programme regarding nursing as a career among 60 senior secondary school students selected from Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Ghatol and Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Ghatol, Banswara district, Rajasthan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing 26 items, and awareness was categorized as poor, average, or good. Results The mean pre test awareness score was 10.55 ± 2.567, and the mean post test score was 20.8 ± 2.884. The mean difference was 10.25, and the calculated t value was 20.569 with 59 degrees of freedom, which was significant at the 0.05 level. Most students shifted from poor awareness in the pre test to good awareness in the post test. Conclusion The career awareness programme was effective in significantly improving awareness regarding nursing as a career among senior secondary school students. Piyush Kumar Jain | Bheru Singh Jodha | Shatrughan Pareek "Effectiveness of a Career Awareness Programme Regarding Nursing as a Career among Senior Secondary School Students in Western India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102071.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/102071/effectiveness-of-a-career-awareness-programme-regarding-nursing-as-a-career-among-senior-secondary-school-students-in-western-india/piyush-kumar-jain

Introduction Menopause is a natural biological transition in a woman’s life, marking the permanent cessation of menstruation and decline in reproductive hormones. It is often associated with various physical, psychological, and social changes that may affect quality of life. Women may experience symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and musculoskeletal discomfort, along with varied perceptions influenced by cultural beliefs and awareness levels. In India, especially in rural and semi urban communities, limited knowledge about menopause often leads to misconceptions and poor health seeking behavior. Therefore, assessing menopausal symptoms and perceptions among women in selected community areas of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, is essential for improving awareness and promoting healthy aging. Methodology Materials and Methods The present study was conducted among 60 postmenopausal women residing in selected community areas of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, for more than six months. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire administered by the researcher from February to November 2025. Prior to the main study, a pilot study was conducted to ensure feasibility and validity of the tool, and the sample size of 60 was finalized. Simple random sampling technique was used for household selection to ensure representation of the study population.Statistical Analysis Data was coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS 15. Chi square test, proportions, and percentages were used. Result The findings of the present study, revealed that the mean age of attainment of menopause was 46.24 years. The study identified a high prevalence of menopausal symptoms among the participants. Emotional disturbances such as crying spells, irritability, and depression were reported by 86.7 of women, followed by headache 71.9 and lethargy 64.4 . Dysuria was experienced by 57.9 of respondents, while forgetfulness was reported by 56 . Musculoskeletal problems, including joint and muscle pain, were observed in 52.3 of women. Sexual problems such as decreased libido and dyspareunia were reported by 30.8 , while genital symptoms like vaginal dryness and itching were found in 8.3 . Only a small proportion 23.4 of women had correct knowledge regarding the causes of menopause, indicating limited awareness and the need for health education interventions. Conclusion The study concluded that women in selected community areas of Visakhapatnam District experienced various menopausal symptoms, but had inadequate knowledge regarding menopause and its causes. This highlights a clear need for health education and awareness programmes. Improving knowledge can help women better understand menopausal changes, manage symptoms effectively, and improve their quality of life during this transition period. Ms. Dekkala Sireesha | Dr. Mahehwari Koviri "Study of Menopausal Symptoms, and Perceptions About Menopause among Women at in Selected Community Areas of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102072.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/102072/study-of-menopausal-symptoms-and-perceptions-about-menopause-among-women-at-in-selected-community-areas-of-visakhapatnam-district-andhra-pradesh/ms-dekkala-sireesha

Background Delayed linguistic emergence in early childhood significantly impacts long term psychosocial, behavioral, and academic competencies. Traditional speech rehabilitation methodologies can sometimes struggle with low engagement in very young cohorts. Rhythmic acoustic stimulation and melodic speech contouring offer non invasive neural pathways to strengthen phonetic processing and working memory. This clinical pilot investigation evaluated an intensive, culturally structured music therapy protocol for children presenting with expressive and receptive speech delays within selected pediatric facilities in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. Methods Twenty four children aged 4.0 to 6.5 years diagnosed with idiopathic speech development delays participated in a 24 week longitudinal clinical trial. Participants were evaluated using a stepped, sequential intervention model consisting of active multi modal music therapy blocks interspersed with observational standard care windows. Primary outcome measures included standardized regional phonetic processing indexes, lexical retention markers, auditory sequencing tests, non verbal cognitive matrices, and independent clinical scales tracking interactive communicative intent. Results Quantitative post trial analyses demonstrated highly significant advancements across both receptive syntax and expressive phonological processing domains. The group’s phonetic discrimination scores exhibited a substantial upward shift compared to baseline measurements. Furthermore, non verbal fluid reasoning and cognitive sequencing performance improved uniformly, effectively narrowing the developmental to chronological age gap from an initial mean of 14 months down to 5 months. Observational metrics confirmed marked increases in spontaneous verbal attempts, interactive turn taking, and dyadic engagement. Conclusions Structured, active music therapy significantly accelerates phonological processing, auditory working memory, and functional communication in young children with speech delays. Integrating melodic and rhythmic frameworks into localized pediatric rehabilitation paradigms across Andhra Pradesh offers a powerful, highly engaging strategy to optimize early language intervention outcomes. Ms. T K Sreedevi | Dr. Mahehwari Koviri "Impact of Music Therapy on Children with Delayed Speech Development in Selected Pediatric Rehabilitation Centers: Results of a Preliminary Pilot Investigation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/music/102073/impact-of-music-therapy-on-children-with-delayed-speech-development-in-selected-pediatric-rehabilitation-centers-results-of-a-preliminary-pilot-investigation/ms-t-k-sreedevi

In todays modern era, we are facing a newer challenge. Capitalist forces have overtaken socialists, and Marxism has now touched rock bottom. In pursuit of earning and making more money, the quantity has risen, and the quality has fallen. Brand names have extended their reach, and now it is not quality but the influential power of the buyer, or to be rightly said, the ‘desirer’, that defines the matrix of selection and rejection. ‘Institutions’ demand differently, and now that the ‘honorary word’ has taken a back seat, more of the emphasis has been placed on the ‘name of the brand’. Opportunities have declined, and vacancies have fallen sharply. Most of the studies suggest ‘Artificial Intelligence’ as the main reason, with ‘automation’ as its second reason for the same. ‘Machines’ and ‘Artificial Intelligence’ were made to improve the quality of life, but right now, they have reduced the quality of ‘human output’. As a human, what used to be life – Chit Chats, laughter, long conversations, roaming, play, outings, foodie, and gatherings have now been reduced to sticking up in rooms, and with digital taking up physical presence, the necessity to roam or to go has been reduced significantly. Vividh Bansal "Structural Fallacy Exit and Layoffs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102074/structural-fallacy-exit-and-layoffs/vividh-bansal

Currently, additive manufacturing is increasingly used in the production of simple shaped parts, but its technology also contributes to the production of complex shaped parts for various industries. Simulation tools that can predict possible errors and provide comprehensive information about the behavior of materials in the additive manufacturing process of metals currently enable the prevention of errors in the manufacturing process. This article deals with the application of the Simufact Additive 2024.2 simulation program for predicting errors in parts, known as press, dies, in the metal additive manufacturing process. Simulating the printing process in the Simufact Additive simulation program made it possible to predict possible deformations and errors that could occur in the production of press dies. Jan Varga | Lubos Kascak "Mechanical Joining of Materials with the Support of Simulation Tools" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133270.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/133270/mechanical-joining-of-materials-with-the-support-of-simulation-tools/jan-varga

Road accidents have become one of the major causes of fatalities across India and many other parts of the world. A significant number of deaths occur due to the delay in providing immediate medical assistance after an accident. In several urban as well as rural regions, emergency rescue services often fail to reach the accident location on time because of communication gaps and lack of instant accident reporting systems. As a result, the chances of saving the victim’s life are greatly reduced. Therefore, the development of an intelligent safety system capable of detecting accidents and transmitting emergency alerts in real time has become an important requirement in modern transportation systems. The Smart Helmet with Crash Alert System is an advanced safety solution developed to improve the protection of motorcycle riders and minimize accident related casualties. The proposed system integrates multiple sensors, including an accelerometer, gyroscope, and vibration sensor, to accurately identify sudden impacts or crash conditions. Once an accident is detected, the system automatically activates an emergency alert mechanism that transmits the rider’s real time location through GPS technology to pre registered emergency contacts using GSM communication. In addition to accident detection, the helmet also incorporates an ignition control mechanism that ensures the motorcycle can only be started when the rider is properly wearing the helmet, thereby promoting adherence to road safety regulations. The entire system is controlled using a microcontroller based architecture combined with sensor and wireless communication technologies to provide a reliable, efficient, and real time accident monitoring framework. The proposed model is expected to reduce emergency response time significantly and contribute toward enhancing the overall safety of motorcyclists on the road. Miss. Shaikh Sumaiyya A. | Miss. Lahane Vaishnavi V. | Mr. Rewale Darshan A. | Prof. Bankhele N. B "Smart Helmet and Accident Alert System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133283.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/133283/smart-helmet-and-accident-alert-system/miss-shaikh-sumaiyya-a

Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD , commonly referred to as autism, is a complex neuro developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restrictive, repetitive behaviors and interests. Some children with autism may be highly intelligent, while others may have intellectual disabilities or severe communication difficulties. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used for this study. This design was chosen because it allows for the assessment of the level of knowledge regarding autism among primigravida mothers at a specific point in time. The sample size for this study was 30 primigravida mothers. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, which ensured that the selected mothers met the specific inclusion criteria. This technique was chosen because it allows for the deliberate selection of individuals who meet specific criteria, in this case, primigravida mothers in rural areas. The sampling method ensured that the study targeted mothers who had no prior pregnancies and were accessing maternal healthcare The majority of the participants 53.3 had poor knowledge of autism, with scores ranging from 0 to 5 out of 15. 40 of the participants demonstrated moderate knowledge, scoring between 6 and 10. Only 6.7 of the mothers had good knowledge of autism, with scores between 11 and 15.This data indicates that overall awareness and knowledge about autism among primigravida mothers in rural areas are limited. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, conclusions were drawn regarding the level of knowledge among primigravida mothers about autism and the influence of demographic factors on their knowledge. Dr. Nitin Soni "A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Autism among Primigravida Mothers at Selected Rural Area (Lucknow)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133273.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/133273/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-autism-among-primigravida-mothers-at-selected-rural-area-lucknow/dr-nitin-soni

Background Academic and evaluation related anxiety is a widespread psychological challenge in urban educational environments like the Delhi National Capital Region NCR . Chronic testing stress severely limits cognitive function, emotional stability, and overall student well being. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured, researcher designed lesson plan meant to improve knowledge regarding examination stress and its strategic management among school children. Methods Utilizing a one group pre test post test quasi experimental approach, 60 school children were selected via simple random sampling from schools across Delhi NCR. A structured knowledge questionnaire containing four distinct informational domains was utilized to collect baseline data. Following the pre test, a specialized 4 week classroom based interactive lesson plan was administered. A post test was conducted after the intervention period to measure knowledge enhancement and explore demographic associations. Results Post intervention metrics demonstrated a highly significant improvement in stress management knowledge across all tracked domains. The overall mean knowledge score increased from a baseline level of 13.37 44.58 to a post test level of 23.67 78.91 , showing a mean enhancement of 10.30 34.33 . The calculated paired t test value was 58.48 df=59 , which was highly significant p 0.05 . Pre test knowledge scores displayed significant statistical associations with class grade studying and primary sources of information regarding examination stress management p 0.05 . Conclusions The implementation of a structured classroom lesson plan is highly effective in increasing examination stress management knowledge among school children. Integrating proactive psychoeducational modules into the standard curriculum serves as an essential strategy to build academic resilience and enhance student well being across the Delhi NCR region. Ms. Ekta Sharma | Dr. Nalini Ramkrichana "Effectiveness of a Designed Lesson Plan on Knowledge Regarding Examination Stress Management among School Children in Selected Areas of Delhi/NCR" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102075.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102075/effectiveness-of-a-designed-lesson-plan-on-knowledge-regarding-examination-stress-management-among-school-children-in-selected-areas-of-delhincr/ms-ekta-sharma

India becomes the fastest growing large economy in the world under the NDA Government. It has been a historic year for the Indian Economy. From a period of low growth, high inflation and shrinking production, the NDA Government has not only strengthened our macro economic fundamentals, but has also propelled the economy to a higher growth trajectory. India’s GDP Growth rocketed to 7.4 percent, which is the fastest among all the large economies of the world. Assessment regarding the definition of the urban areas and process of the urbanization has a historic background, at first focus of these debates will on the social process and major events which to lead establish city or urban areas. This process of appraisal has noted few scholarly questions about urban formation and studies regarding the mass migration settlement were started and explored various aspects of the urbanization. Increasing utilization of recourse and facing environment challenges in the urban areas lead to emergences of perspective of environmentalism in urbanization. It is challenging to environmental study the urban areas and draws a map which correlates to rapid urbanization and settlement pattern with the land usage share and new transformation in the technologies. Most of polices suggested by the environmental scholars are against the process of rapid urbanization and social developments, which lead to look in the definitions and understanding of urbanism through the integrated ecological format. Urbanization has been connected to various significant procedures that help advance sustainability by reducing energy consumption and reducing rates of fertility etc. the understanding of what is city can be identified through idea of “urban” inceptions propelled by the recent progress. The present paper highlighted to understand Inclusive Economic Growth through Sustainable utilization of Available Natural Resources Issues and Challenges. Dr. Ashutosh "Inclusive Economic Growth through Sustainable Utilization of Available Natural Resources: Issues and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102076.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/102076/inclusive-economic-growth-through-sustainable-utilization-of-available-natural-resources-issues-and-challenges/dr-ashutosh

The advent of immersive technologies, particularly virtual reality VR , augmented reality AR , and mixed reality MR , has significantly transformed the landscape of journalism. Immersive technologies represent a profound evolution in journalistic storytelling. They have emerged as transformative forces in contemporary journalism, promising to redefine how news is produced, distributed, and experienced. Immersive journalism is a form of journalism production that allows first person experience of the events or situations described in news reports and documentary film. It offers a transformative approach to storytelling by creating deeply engaging news experiences. Immersive journalism enhances the sense of presence the feeling of “being there.” By accessing a virtual version of the location where the story is occurring as a witness participant, or by experiencing the perspective of a character depicted in the news story, the audience could be afforded unprecedented access to the sights and sounds, and even the feelings and emotions, which accompany the news. This paper explores immersive technologies and their potential transformative impact on modern journalism practices. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102077.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102077/immersive-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The rapid proliferation of mobile technology and high speed wireless networks in the twenty first century has fundamentally restructured the production, dissemination, and consumption of news. At the forefront of this digital paradigm shift is mobile journalism, also known as MoJo. MoJo is a form of multimedia newsgathering and storytelling where the primary device used to capture, edit, and transmit news is a smartphone or tablet. By leveraging highly capable, network connected smartphones and portable accessories, MoJo has shifted news production from capital intensive, team reliant endeavors to agile, solo reporter workflows. Today, a single journalist equipped with a smartphone, a directional microphone, and a portable stabilizer can execute the entire journalistic workflow directly from the field. This technological empowerment has democratized the media landscape, allowing diverse voices to bypass traditional gatekeepers. This paper examines the transformative impact of mobile journalism on the contemporary media landscape. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Mobile Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102088.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102088/mobile-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Motivation is one of the most significant psychological factors influencing students’ academic achievement and overall educational development. It energizes, directs, and sustains learners’ behaviour toward educational goals and successful performance. In the contemporary educational environment, where students face academic pressure, competition, technological distractions, and psychological stress, motivation plays a crucial role in determining learning outcomes and academic success. The present qualitative study examines the role of motivation on students’ academic achievement by analyzing different types of motivation, motivational theories, influencing factors, and their impact on learning behaviour and educational performance. Secondary data were collected from books, journal articles, educational reports, and psychological studies. The findings indicate that motivated students demonstrate higher concentration, persistence, confidence, creativity, classroom participation, and academic performance. The study concludes that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly contribute to students’ educational achievement, and teachers, parents, schools, and society play important roles in developing motivational learning environments. Mamoni Khamrai "Role of Motivation on Academic Achievement of Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/102078/role-of-motivation-on-academic-achievement-of-students/mamoni-khamrai

Education is fundamental because it not only informs cognition but it also prepares individuals for the world of work. It is also a continuous and developmental process. The present paper focused how Artificial Intelligence AI and inclusive education could be meaningful for special students. AI is used extensively in education and offers many opportunities because it enhances teaching and learning, maximizes abilities, fosters cognition, and prepares students for life. However, there are some challenges where inclusion is concerned. Inclusive education is a right and must be upheld and although many countries are embracing it, some learning environments still do not foster proper inclusion. The findings revealed that optimistic and constructive attitudes by educators are essential and can certainly enhance inclusion. The data tinted the implication of using ‘AI’ in inclusive education and the need for collaborative teaching. It further noted the need for more continuous training for educators so they could be better equipped to appreciate inclusion. Dr. Aditya Kumar Gupta "Transforming the Lives of Unique Students through Artificial Intelligence and Inclusive Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125009.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125009/transforming-the-lives-of-unique-students-through-artificial-intelligence-and-inclusive-education/dr-aditya-kumar-gupta

The Ministry of Education introduced the National Education Policy 2020 as a transformative educational framework aimed at improving the quality, accessibility, inclusivity, and relevance of education in India. The middle level stage of schooling, covering students approximately between Classes VI to VIII, occupies a crucial position in learners’ cognitive, emotional, social, and academic development. NEP 2020 emphasizes experiential learning, competency based education, multilingualism, vocational exposure, digital literacy, and holistic development at the middle school stage. The present qualitative study examines the application of NEP 2020 in middle level school education and analyzes its implications for curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, teacher roles, technology integration, and student development. Secondary data were collected from policy documents, books, educational journals, and academic reports. The findings reveal that effective implementation of NEP 2020 at the middle level can strengthen foundational competencies, creativity, critical thinking, skill development, and inclusive learning practices. The study concludes that successful application of the policy requires teacher training, infrastructural development, technological support, curriculum reforms, and collaborative educational efforts. Sumana Satpati "Application of NEP 2020 in Middle Level School Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102079.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/102079/application-of-nep-2020-in-middle-level-school-education/sumana-satpati

Green jobs are occupations that help to protect the environment, reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, or support sustainability and climate resilience. Such jobs cut across many sectors like renewable energy, agriculture, construction, transport, waste management, and manufacturing. Green jobs are important in the reduction of environmental damage, lowering greenhouse gas emissions GHG , promote renewable energy use, support sustainable economic growth, and create employment opportunities. While green trading generally refers to commercial activities involving environmentally friendly products, services, or environmental markets, such as buying and selling of eco friendly goods, carbon trading, and renewable energy trading. The paper looks at the pros and cons of green jobs and trading to the overall benefit of humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Green Jobs and Trading" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102083/green-jobs-and-trading/paul-a-adekunte

Inclusive education has now become a key focus in global educational governance. In fact, Sustainable Development Goal SDG 4 emphasizes the provision of equitable and quality education to all people, inclusive of persons with disabilities. However, despite the above international efforts towards achieving inclusive education, visual impaired students enrolled in Sub Saharan African universities continue to face numerous challenges in both their academic pursuit and success. The present study seeks to explore some of the challenges faced by visual impaired students at the universities in Cameroon. The study explores the link between institutional inclusion, digital inclusion, teachers inclusion efforts, social inclusion, and academic performance among visual impaired students. Through the use of the Social Model of Disability and the Capability Approach theories, a mixed methods approach was used where a combination of descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, correlation analysis, and interviews was employed. Data were obtained from some selected state universities in Cameroon. The results show that poor assistive devices, low digital accessibility, poor financial resources, poor accessibility infrastructure, and low inclusive education practices have a negative impact on both academic achievements and social inclusion. Moreover, the research shows that socially isolated and lacking confidence and involvement of visually impaired students are due to stigma and lack of institutional assistance. The comparison analysis shows that educational inclusion and academic success depend on the degree of administrative commitment and digital accessibility within universities. The correlation analysis confirms that a significant positive correlation exists between digital accessibility and academic achievements therefore, high educational results can be achieved through improved digital access to assistive devices and systems. Likewise, the role of teacher support and social inclusion is significant for academic success. Asse Asse Martin Joel "Social and Academic Challenges of Visually Impaired Students in Sub-Saharan Universities: The Case of Cameroonian State Universities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/133287/social-and-academic-challenges-of-visually-impaired-students-in-subsaharan-universities-the-case-of-cameroonian-state-universities/asse-asse-martin-joel

Background Menopause is a natural physiological transition usually occurring between 45–55 years. this study investigated the effectiveness of a Multimedia Educational Module on knowledge regarding menopausal changes and their management. Methods A quasi experimental, one group pre test post test study was conducted among 60 menopausal age women selected via simple random sampling. Baseline knowledge was collected using a structured questionnaire. After the pre test, the educational module was administered, followed by a post test. Results The group mean knowledge score increased significantly from a baseline of 13.37 44.58 to a post test level of 23.67 78.91 , showing a mean enhancement of 10.30 34.33 . The paired t test value was 58.48 df=59 , which was highly significant p 0.05 . Pre test scores were significantly associated with educational status and source of information. Conclusions The multimedia module is highly effective in improving menopausal literacy among women. Incorporating structured education into community health services is an efficient strategy to empower women during this transition. Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Mewada "Effectiveness of a Multimedia Educational Module on Knowledge Regarding Selected Menopausal Changes and their Management among Women in Selected Community Areas of Dewas District, M.P." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102081.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/102081/effectiveness-of-a-multimedia-educational-module-on-knowledge-regarding-selected-menopausal-changes-and-their-management-among-women-in-selected-community-areas-of-dewas-district-mp/dr-kamlesh-kumar-mewada

Background Diabetes Mellitus DM accelerates macrovascular complications, increasing Myocardial Infarction MI risks., this study investigated the effectiveness of a Video Assisted Teaching Programme VATP on lifestyle modification knowledge for MI prevention among diabetic patients in Dewas District. Methods A quasi experimental, one group pre test post test study was conducted among 60 Type 2 DM patients selected via simple random sampling. Knowledge was assessed using a 24 item questionnaire before and 7 days after a 45 minute VATP session. Results The mean knowledge score increased significantly from 10.45 43.54 to 20.35 84.79 , showing an enhancement of 9.90 41.25 . The paired t test value was 44.12 df=59, p 0.05 . Baseline scores were significantly associated with education and prior information sources. Conclusions The VATP is highly effective in improving preventive knowledge. Incorporating structured multimedia education into hospital services is an efficient strategy to lower cardiovascular risks. Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Mewada "An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of A Video-Assisted Teaching Programme Regarding Lifestyle Modification for Prevention of Myocardial Infarction among Diabetes Mellitus Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/102082/an-experimental-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-a-videoassisted-teaching-programme-regarding-lifestyle-modification-for-prevention-of-myocardial-infarction-among-diabetes-mellitus-patients/dr-kamlesh-kumar-mewada

An uncertain predictive model in detecting the gait phase and the joint trajectory on lower limb exoskeleton systems. Current deterministic machine learning methods usually provide high accuracy but do not scale to sensor noise and inter subject variation by providing confidence estimation. To overcome such shortcomings, an uncertainty sensitive Gaussian Process Regression model is developed to learn nonlinear biomechanical dynamics as well as offer predictive uncertainty to control based on confidence. Multi subject wearable sensor gait data was subjected to subject independent evaluation of the framework. The implementation was done in a Python based environment with scientific computing libraries to do probabilistic modeling and analysis of performance. In an experimental study, predictive accuracy of 94.8 was proven, as well as a consistent regression across individuals. The introduction of variance based torque adaptation improves the level of safety and real time responsiveness. The suggested solution is advantageous to the population with mobility limitations since it facilitates intelligent, adaptive, and dependable assistive control in wearable exoskeleton systems. Aybars Oztuna "Gaussian Process Regression on Exoskeleton" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102085.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102085/gaussian-process-regression-on-exoskeleton/aybars-oztuna

The Delors Commission Report, published by the in 1996 under the title Learning The Treasure Within, remains one of the most influential documents in the field of education. The report proposed a holistic vision of lifelong learning based on four pillars learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be. This study critically examines the philosophical foundations, educational implications, and contemporary relevance of the report in the twenty first century. Through qualitative analysis of secondary sources, the study explores how the report addresses globalization, technological transformation, social inclusion, sustainable development, and citizenship education. The findings indicate that despite significant changes in educational contexts, the Delors framework continues to guide educational reforms worldwide. However, challenges such as digital inequality, commercialization of education, and implementation gaps require renewed policy attention to ensure the report’s vision remains relevant and effective. Sanjoy Halder "A Critical Analysis of the Delors Commission Report and its Relevance in the 21st Century" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102087.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102087/a-critical-analysis-of-the-delors-commission-report-and-its-relevance-in-the-21st-century/sanjoy-halder

Stem cells are remarkable unspecialized cells with the unique ability to self replicate and, under certain conditions, differentiate into various cell types. These cells play a crucial role in the development and repair of tissues and organs within multicellular organisms. Researchers categorize stem cells based on their origin and potency, leading to a deeper understanding of their potential. In todays context of rising antimicrobial resistance, stem cells have emerged as a vital area of exploration for scientists looking for alternative treatment methods. The ongoing research and experiments focused on stem cell mediated therapies hold immense promise due to the unique properties of these cells. Such therapies are showing potential for treating previously untreatable illnesses and genetic defects. Despite the challenges and debates surrounding stem cell research, these therapies are increasingly being recognized as essential in advancing medical science. This review will delve into the fascinating world of stem cells, exploring their various types and the exciting future applications they may offer. Agnes Mahima David | Sachin Chhari "Stem Cells: Significance and Preservation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102086.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/102086/stem-cells-significance-and-preservation/agnes-mahima-david

Lotus birth, also known as umbilical nonseverance, is a birthing practice where the umbilical cord and placenta are left attached to the newborn until they naturally separate, rather than being cut and clamped shortly after birth. This approach is rooted in the belief that allowing the cord to detach on its own supports a gentler transition for the baby from the womb to the outside world. Proponents claim that lotus birth offers physiological advantages, such as continued transfer of blood and nutrients, and may foster emotional benefits by promoting early bonding between mother and child. The practice is inspired by both ancient spiritual traditions and observed behaviors in the animal kingdom. However, lotus birth also presents challenges, including practical difficulties in newborn care and concerns about infection risk. As interest in alternative birthing practices grows, further research is needed to fully understand the benefits and risks associated with lotus birth. Agnes Mahima David | Sachin Chhari "Lotus Birth: Rare Practice, Possible Risks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125272.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125272/lotus-birth-rare-practice-possible-risks/agnes-mahima-david

Scalp folliculitis is a common inflammatory condition of the hair follicles, often exacerbated by bacterial infections, heat, sweat and friction. This case report describes a 45 year old male railway track manager who developed chronic scalp folliculitis due to prolonged outdoor work and helmet use. The patient presented with symptoms of persistent itching, erythema and pustules on the scalp, particularly worsening after long shifts in hot, dusty conditions. The case highlights the role of occupational factors and understanding of metaphorical meaning of rubrics of scalp folliculitis and emphasizes the importance of preventive hygiene and homoeopathic medicine related scalp folliculitis1. Dr. Dipika M. Bhikadiya "A Case Report : Scalp Folliculitis in a Peacock Chasing Railway Track Supervisor" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125268.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/dermatology/125268/a-case-report--scalp-folliculitis-in-a-peacock-chasing-railway-track-supervisor/dr-dipika-m-bhikadiya

In the Era of cybersecurity, cybersecurity threats are increasing rapidly. One of them is keyloggers, where many people of unaware of their mechanism. The biggest challenge is its stealth and data theft capabilities. This paper presents the design and development of an educational tool that simulates keylogger attacks and provides a GUI based anti keylogger detection mechanism. Developed in Python, the tool uses the pynput library for simulating keylogging behavior and psutil for monitoring system processes. A tkinter based graphical interface was integrated for real time alerts and mitigation. The project aims to create awareness, provide hands on learning, and demonstrate keylogger detection techniques in a controlled, ethical environment. Results indicate reliable keystroke capture and successful detection of the simulated keylogger, making the tool suitable for academic training and awareness programs. Chityala Ajay "Keylogger Simulation and Detection with GUI: An awareness and Educational Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd105020.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/105020/keylogger-simulation-and-detection-with-gui-an-awareness-and-educational-approach/chityala-ajay

The rapid evolution of digital media has ushered in a transformative era in newsrooms the integration of robotics and automation into journalism. This integration, often known as “robot journalism” or “automated journalism,” or “algorithmic journalism,” demonstrates that robotics serves as a powerful augmentative force. The applications of robotics in journalism represent a fundamental paradigm shift rather than a temporary technological trend. This technological revolution does not replace human journalists but rather liberates them to focus on the deeply human aspects of storytelling. While a robotic algorithm can compile sports statistics, synthesize financial reports, it cannot experience empathy, build trust with a vulnerable whistleblower, or make complex ethical judgments. This paper explores the integration of robotics in the field of journalism. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robot Journalism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd102089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/102089/robot-journalism/matthew-n-o-sadiku

School infrastructure is a key factor in providing quality education and promoting students overall development. This study examines the availability and adequacy of infrastructure facilities in government schools of Odisha. The research focuses on essential facilities such as classrooms, drinking water, sanitation, electricity, libraries, laboratories, playgrounds, and digital learning resources. Data were collected from selected government schools through surveys and observations. The findings indicate that although the Government of Odisha has made considerable efforts to improve school infrastructure, significant gaps remain, particularly in rural and remote areas. Inadequate maintenance, insufficient digital facilities, and limited access to learning resources continue to affect the teaching learning process. The study highlights the importance of well developed infrastructure in enhancing student attendance, academic achievement, and school effectiveness. It concludes that sustained investment, regular monitoring, and efficient implementation of educational policies are necessary to ensure equitable and quality education for all students in Odisha. Priyanka Seth | Monika Seth "Infrastructure Facility at Government Schools in Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125002.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125002/infrastructure-facility-at-government-schools-in-odisha/priyanka-seth

Premenstrual Syndrome PMS is a common health issue affecting adolescent girls worldwide. It includes a combination of physical, emotional, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that occur before menstruation and may interfere with daily activities, school performance, and social relationships. Lack of awareness and poor understanding regarding PMS often lead to anxiety, misconceptions, and unhealthy coping practices among adolescent girls, especially in rural areas. Educational interventions can help improve awareness and encourage healthy menstrual practices. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a self instructional module regarding knowledge of Premenstrual Syndrome and its management among secondary school girls in selected rural secondary schools of Greater Noida. A quantitative research approach with a quasi experimental one group pre test and post test design was adopted for the study. Fifty secondary school girls were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique. A structured self administered questionnaire consisting of demographic variables and 30 knowledge based questions regarding PMS and its management was used for data collection. The self instructional module was administered after conducting the pre test, followed by post test evaluation. The findings revealed that the majority of participants had inadequate knowledge regarding Premenstrual Syndrome before the intervention. Domain wise pre test scores showed poor awareness regarding treatment, intervention, etiology, and management of PMS. After administration of the self instructional module, post test scores demonstrated marked improvement in all domains of knowledge. Statistical analysis using paired t test indicated a significant increase in post test mean scores compared to pre test scores, proving the effectiveness of the educational intervention. The study concluded that self instructional modules are effective teaching strategies for improving knowledge regarding Premenstrual Syndrome among adolescent girls. School based menstrual health education programmes should be strengthened to improve reproductive health awareness and promote healthy practices among school going girls. Jyotshana | Neelam Chaudhary | Harpreet Kaur "Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Premenstrual Syndrome and its Management among Secondary School Girls in Rural Schools" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133289.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/133289/effectiveness-of-selfinstructional-module-on-knowledge-regarding-premenstrual-syndrome-and-its-management-among-secondary-school-girls-in-rural-schools/jyotshana

Digital archives are important tools for preserving cultural heritage, institutional records, academic materials, and government information in the digital age. In Nigeria, many institutions such as libraries, universities, museums, government agencies, and research centers are gradually adopting digital archiving systems to improve information storage and accessibility. Despite these efforts, digital archives in Nigeria face several serious challenges that hinder their effectiveness and long term sustainability. This study examines the major challenges affecting digital archives in Nigeria, including inadequate funding, unstable electricity supply, poor internet connectivity, shortage of skilled personnel, technological obsolescence, and the high cost of Information and Communication Technology ICT infrastructure. The study adopted a qualitative research method using secondary data from books, journals, reports, and online scholarly materials. Findings revealed that these challenges significantly affect digital preservation, accessibility, security, and management of digital records in Nigeria. The study concludes that improved government support, stable infrastructure, adequate funding, and continuous staff training are necessary for the successful development and sustainability of digital archives in Nigeria to enable us to achieve the benefits. Ayegba Abdullahi | Ndubuisi Stanley John | Olajide Olaniyi | Okoli Ngozi Faith | Zakka Katmak John | Nnamani Chidimma Bright | Amafor Chiamaka Francisca | Aminu Mohammad Abdulkadir | Onyekwena Chukwuma Obumneme "Challenges of Digital Archives Management: Infrastructure, Funding, and Sustainability Issues" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125001.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/125001/challenges-of-digital-archives-management-infrastructure-funding-and-sustainability-issues/ayegba-abdullahi

This study examines the solvency position and financial stability of selected Indian pharmaceutical companies, namely Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., and Alkem Laboratories Ltd., over the period 2019–20 to 2023–24. The research is based on secondary data collected from annual reports and published sources. Traditional solvency ratios, including Debt Equity Ratio, Proprietary Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, and Debt to Total Assets Ratio, were used to assess long term financial sustainability. Statistical measures such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation CV , CAGR, and One Way ANOVA were employed for analysis. The findings indicate that Alkem Pharma Ltd. maintained the strongest solvency position due to lower leverage and greater financial stability, while Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. demonstrated strong proprietary strength and interest servicing capability. Torrent Pharma Ltd. exhibited relatively higher dependence on debt financing. The study further reveals a declining trend in debt reliance across all selected companies, indicating improved financial sustainability. ANOVA results show significant differences among the companies in Debt Equity Ratio, Proprietary Ratio, and Debt to Total Assets Ratio, whereas no significant difference was observed in Interest Coverage Ratio. Overall, the selected pharmaceutical companies maintained satisfactory solvency positions and sound long term financial stability during the study period. Dr. Manish Seth | Rashmi Tiwari "A Comparative Study on the Solvency Position of Selected Indian Pharmaceutical Companies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125005.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/125005/a-comparative-study-on-the-solvency-position-of-selected-indian-pharmaceutical-companies/dr-manish-seth

India and Israel today share a strong strategic partnership in areas such as defence cooperation, technological innovation, agriculture, and counter terrorism. However, the relationship between the two countries did not develop immediately after the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. For several decades, India maintained a cautious diplomatic distance from Israel due to domestic political considerations, its support for the Palestinian cause, and its commitment to the Non Aligned Movement. Despite this diplomatic distance, limited cooperation continued in areas such as security and intelligence. The end of the Cold War and India’s economic reforms in the early 1990s created new geopolitical conditions that led to the establishment of full diplomatic relations in 1992. Since then, India–Israel relations have expanded into a multidimensional partnership involving defence collaboration, economic cooperation, agricultural innovation, and technological exchange. This article examines the transformation of India–Israel relations from diplomatic distance to strategic partnership. Using qualitative historical analysis and international relations perspectives, the study analyses the political, economic, and security factors that shaped this transformation. The article argues that changes in global politics, regional security concerns, and mutual technological interests played a major role in strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "India–Israel Relations in Transition: From Diplomatic Distance to Strategic Partnership" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125006.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125006/india–israel-relations-in-transition-from-diplomatic-distance-to-strategic-partnership/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

The Niger Delta region, particularly Warri City, faces critical groundwater contamination resulting from petroleum exploration, industrial discharges, urbanization, and inadequate waste management practices. This study presents a Wireless Sensor Network WSN based framework that integrates Internet of Things IoT sensors, cloud computing, machine learning, and geospatial analysis for real time monitoring and prediction of groundwater pollutants. Forty five sensor nodes were deployed across industrial, residential, agricultural, and wetland zones of Warri City, continuously monitoring physicochemical parameters, petroleum hydrocarbons, and heavy metals including lead Pb , cadmium Cd , chromium Cr , and nickel Ni over an 18 month period. Predictive models comprising Random Forest RF , Support Vector Regression SVR , and Long Short Term Memory LSTM networks were developed to forecast contamination trends. The WSN framework demonstrated high data transmission reliability and robust spatial hazard mapping capabilities. Results revealed elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd that exceeded World Health Organization WHO drinking water guidelines in several monitoring locations. While nickel contamination was detected, elevated concentrations were highly localized within industrial areas, remaining at safe baseline levels within residential zones. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon TPH concentrations exhibited significant seasonal variation, reaching levels far above recommended environmental thresholds during the dry season. Among the predictive models evaluated, LSTM demonstrated superior forecasting performance with an R2 value of 0.91. Human health risk assessment showed Hazard Index HI values exceeding safe limits across all population groups, with infants HI=5.67 and pregnant women HI=4.01 identified as the most vulnerable demographics. The findings underscore the severity of groundwater contamination in Warri City and demonstrate the potential of IoT enabled WSN systems for continuous environmental monitoring, predictive analytics, and evidence based groundwater management in the Niger Delta and similar industrialized regions. Odesa Ogaga Edward | Ugbeh Raymond Nduka | Obonyano Kingdom | Idama Omokaro "Wireless Sensor Network-Based Real-Time Underground Water Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) Concentrate Monitoring and Prediction in Warri City, Niger Delta: A Smart Environmental Management Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133292.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/133292/wireless-sensor-networkbased-realtime-underground-water-lead-pb-cadmium-cd-and-chromium-cr-concentrate-monitoring-and-prediction-in-warri-city-niger-delta-a-smart-environmental-management-approach/odesa-ogaga-edward

Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are common during pregnancy. The emotional aspect of pregnant women during antenatal care remains most of the time neglected, undetected, and untreated. This study aimed to assess the depression, anxiety, and stress among the antenatal mothers. Methods A Cross Sectional Descriptive Research Design was used. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 DASS 21 and a structured interview questionnaire in observational study. Interview technique was taken from 244 antenatal mothers selected through non probability convenient sampling. The data collection was done within four weeks. Data entered into EPI DATA 3.1 and exported to the statistical package for social science 22 version for further analysis. Strength of association was determined through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 7.8 , 13.9 and 11.1 , respectively. The factors strongly associated with depression and stress were exposure to domestic violence AOR=23.338, 95 CI 5.034 108.199 and AOR=67.106, 95 CI 14.439 311.883 respectively. The factors strongly associated with anxiety were exposure to domestic violence AOR=21.975, 95 CI 5.826 82.882 and not having balance diet on a daily basis were AOR=3.420 95 CI 1.362 8.588 . Conclusions Overall, the findings suggest that maternal mental health may be affected throughout pregnancy among antenatal mothers. High prevalence of depression and anxiety were seen among antenatal mothers than stress. Routine mental and psychological screening during antenatal period and arrangement of awareness program and health interventions seems to be needed for antenatal mothers who had exposed to domestic violence to promote maternal and child health in Nepal. Maharjan. R | Sharma. C "Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Antenatal Mothers in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Kathmandu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133286.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/133286/depression-anxiety-and-stress-among-antenatal-mothers-in-a-tertiary-level-hospital-of-kathmandu/maharjan-r

Background Under five children represent the most nutritionally vulnerable segment of the population. The Integrated Child Development Services ICDS scheme relies heavily on Anganwadi Workers AWWs to implement National Nutritional Programmes at the grassroots level. Systematic education through capacity building is critical to optimizing their field efficacy. Methodology An evaluative research approach utilizing a one group pre test post test quasi experimental design was conducted among a sample of 60 active, registered Anganwadi workers n=60 selected via non probability convenience sampling within the Hassan district. A structured knowledge questionnaire containing 30 Multiple Choice Questions MCQs was administered across five operational domains Introduction to National Nutritional Programmes 6 items , Types of Nutrition Programmes 8 items , Responsibilities of AWWs 5 items , Growth Monitoring 6 items , and Supplementary Nutrition and Child Health Services 5 items . Following the baseline pre test, a structured Capacity Building Program intervention was administered, and a post test was conducted after the intervention period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t tests, and Chi square tests with a significance level set at p 0.05. Results The overall mean knowledge score increased significantly from 13.05 43.50 in the pre test to 23.46 78.20 in the post test, demonstrating a mean knowledge enhancement of 10.41 34.70 . The calculated paired t test value was 54.12 df = 59 , which was highly significant at p 0.05. A significant statistical association was found between the baseline pre test knowledge levels and socio demographic variables such as educational qualification, years of experience, and previous training on nutrition p 0.05 . Conclusion The Capacity Building Program was highly effective in mitigating knowledge deficits among Anganwadi workers. Periodic educational programs are vital to maintaining high service quality and empowering frontline workers to manage under five child nutrition effectively. Ms. Dharani Kumari | Dr. Mahehwari Koviri "Capacity Building Program on Knowledge Regarding Selected National Nutritional Programmes for Under-Five Children among Anganwadi Workers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125008.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125008/capacity-building-program-on-knowledge-regarding-selected-national-nutritional-programmes-for-underfive-children-among-anganwadi-workers/ms-dharani-kumari

The primary purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the degree of the ARAL program implementation and the Key Stage 3 learners’ reading achievement. The study utilized a quantitative correlational research design using a standardized questionnaire. The study’s locale was the secondary schools of Getafe 1 and 2 Districts, with 262 respondents. Complete confidentiality in the management and data disposal was adhered. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between the degree of ARAL Program implementation and learners’ reading achievement. The findings further revealed that the learners’ reading achievement improves as the ARAL program’s implementation level increases. Moreover, it also indicated that the effectiveness of the program improves when the schools are adequately prepared for its implementation across five key domains such as Learners’ Readiness, Tutors’ Readiness, School Environment Readiness, Parental Readiness, and Support System and Governance Readiness. These results highlight the critical role of comprehensive program adoption, teacher readiness, school environment preparedness, parents’ support and stakeholders’ engagement in improving learners’ reading skills. Jeffry B. Pavo | Rufino T. Tudlasan Jr. "Essentializing Reading Achievement of Key Stage 3 Learners Through Aral Program: Evidence-Based Reference" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125010.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125010/essentializing-reading-achievement-of-key-stage-3-learners-through-aral-program-evidencebased-reference/jeffry-b-pavo

In todays world, no one can deny the fact that the power industry plays a crucial role in the progress of society. It can be seen as an engine driving the global economy forward and therefore directly influencing the day to day life of individuals. However, we are facing many important challenges in meeting the growing demand for energy with the limited resources. To deal with these challenges, there arises an urgent need for the modernization and strengthening of our power grids. The smart grid has emerged as an advanced energy infrastructure that enhances the capabilities of previous grids, making them faster, more intuitive, and collaborative. Digital twin technology has emerged as a transformative development in smart grids, offering extensive benefits from asset management to predictive maintenance. It represents a transformative approach for monitoring and regulating smart grids. The digital twin keeps a synchronized virtual replica of each asset and of the grid as a whole. The convergence of smart grids and digital twin signals progresses, offering a roadmap for sustainable and efficient energy systems in the future. This integration will help tackle the contemporary challenges related to energy management. This paper provides an overview of the applications of digital twin technology in modern smart grids. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins for Smart Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125011.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125011/digital-twins-for-smart-grid/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The automotive industry is currently navigating one of the most disruptive periods in its history. To remain competitive, manufacturers must move away from sequential, siloed development pipelines toward integrated, data driven frameworks. Digital twin DT technology has emerged as a cornerstone of this transition, bridging the gap between physical reality and virtual simulation. It creates a real time virtual replica of a vehicle, component, or system. It is a key tool influencing how cars are designed, built, tested, and maintained. A digital twin is essentially a virtual replica of a physical product or system. It is not merely a static computer aided design CAD model it is a dynamic, virtual replica of a physical object, process, or system that is continuously updated with real time data from its physical counterpart. In the automotive sector, this physical digital convergence is driving a paradigm shift, offering unprecedented benefits across the entire vehicle lifecycle. This paper explores the emergence of digital twin DT technology in the automotive industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins in Automotive Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133294.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/133294/digital-twins-in-automotive-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The construction industry is at a point when it needs to find a balance between material performance and sustainability. Even though traditional concrete paver blocks are used in a lot of different places, people are still worried about how well they hold up under extreme mechanical and environmental stress. The fact that they arent strong enough or last long enough, especially in places with bad weather or a lot of traffic, means that they need to be fixed or replaced often, which raises their lifetime costs. One of the most important challenges in construction is still the environmental impact of making cement. Metakaolin is an interesting answer to these problems, but we still dont know how to use it in the manufacturing of concrete paver blocks in the best way. Most of the study that has been done on how metakaolin affects concrete has been on normal concrete mixtures. There isnt much information available on how it works in paver block applications. Also, there hasnt been enough research on what the best amount of metakaolin is for getting the best mechanical qualities and durability without making the material harder to work with or more expensive. This study investigates the incorporation of metakaolin as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement OPC in the production of concrete paver blocks to enhance mechanical properties, durability, and sustainability. Metakaolin, a pozzolanic material derived from calcined kaolin clay, was introduced at replacement levels of 5 , 10 , and 15 by weight of cement. A comprehensive experimental program evaluated the influence of metakaolin on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, and density. Results indicated that a 10 metakaolin replacement offered the optimal performance, with improvements in compressive and flexural strength, reduced water absorption, enhanced abrasion resistance, and slightly increased density. While workability slightly declined with higher metakaolin content, it remained within acceptable limits due to the use of superplasticizers. The findings demonstrate that metakaolin not only improves the performance of concrete paver blocks but also contributes to sustainability by reducing cement consumption and associated carbon emissions. This research underscores the potential of metakaolin as a viable supplementary cementitious material for eco efficient and durable concrete applications. Vipin Kumar | Dr. Varinder Singh "An Experimental Investigation on Metakaolin Modified Concrete Paver Blocks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125012.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/125012/an-experimental-investigation-on-metakaolin-modified-concrete-paver-blocks/vipin-kumar

The real estate industry is experiencing a significant transformation driven by technological innovations, with one standout advancement being the concept of digital twins. In the fast evolving world of real estate, digital twins are emerging as a game changing technology that enhances property management, design, and development processes. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical asset, offering a way to simulate real time scenarios and help stakeholders make more informed decisions. Digital twin technology represents a monumental leap forward for the real estate industry. By fusing the physical built environment with dynamic digital data, it empowers stakeholders to design smarter cities, construct more efficient buildings, and manage properties with unprecedented precision. Digital twins enhance property management, design, and development processes. This paper explores the applications of digital twins in real estate. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins for Real Estate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125013.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125013/digital-twins-for-real-estate/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Dengue fever is an acute infectious life threatening mosquito born disease, transmitted through Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is also called as ‘Break bone fever’ or ‘Dandy fever’, occurs more frequently during rainy seasons i.e. in the month of June to September. Characterized by episodes of ‘saddle back’ fever, muscle and joint pain accompanied by an initial erythema and terminal rash of varying morphology. Geetanjali Yadav | Mr. Arun Singh "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructed Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Dengue Fever among Residents of Selected Urban Slum in Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125014.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/125014/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-selfinstructed-module-sim-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-of-dengue-fever-among-residents-of-selected-urban-slum-in-kanpur/geetanjali-yadav

The patient in the intensive care unit often requires mechanical assistance to maintain airway patency. Inserting a tube into the trachea by passing upper airway and laryngeal structures creates an artificial airway. Shashi Yadav | Mr. Arun Singh "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Learning Package Regarding Care of a Patient on Mechanical Ventilator to the Staff Nurses of a Selected Hospital in Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125015.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/125015/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-learning-package-regarding-care-of-a-patient-on-mechanical-ventilator-to-the-staff-nurses-of-a-selected-hospital-in-kanpur/shashi-yadav

The rapid acceleration of global urbanization has forced municipal authorities to confront unprecedented challenges in infrastructure management, environmental sustainability, and resource allocation. The paradigm of the “smart city digital twin” has emerged to address the challenges. A smart city digital twin is a cyber component that mirrors the physical urban system through real time monitoring and simulation. The urban digital twin UDT represents a paradigm shift in how modern cities are planned, managed, and experienced. It is a cyber physical system that mirrors the physical urban environment through continuous, bidirectional data exchange. Unlike traditional static 3D city models, a UDT is a living, dynamic replica that synthesizes real time data streams from Internet of things IoT sensors, mobile devices, and municipal infrastructure. Several pioneering cities worldwide have transitioned the concept of the UDT from academic research into practical, operational systems. This paper delves into the realm of digital twin technologies and their role in shaping smart cities. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twins in Smart Cities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133295.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/133295/digital-twins-in-smart-cities/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The birth of the babies brings happiness to all parents. Every parents expected to have a healthy child. After all, they feel this is the most important thing they have ever done in their lives and they want their child to be a success. They tend to view the child as a reflection of their abilities as parents, and want to feel they are valuable. The period after birth is a vulnerable time for an infant, who is still undergoing many physiologic and behavioural adjustments with their new environment. The baby no longer dependent on maternal circulation and all the body systems of the infant have to become self sufficient. KM. Shanu | Mrs. Priyanka Chaturvedi "A Study to Assess the Effective of Planned Teaching, Programme on Knowledge and Practices in Relation to Home Care of Low-Birth-Weight Babies among Mothers in a Selected Hospital, of Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125016.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/125016/a-study-to-assess-the-effective-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-and-practices-in-relation-to-home-care-of-lowbirthweight-babies-among-mothers-in-a-selected-hospital-of-kanpur/km-shanu

Within the Christendom, Christian views split into 3 main camps Catholic Orthodox, Conservative Protestant, and Mainline Liberal Protestant. None of the views claim Scripture directly says “masturbation is X ” so the arguments come from interpreting broader passages on sexuality, lust, and the body. Christendom did not treat masturbation as a major issue from the start. This became a distinct sin or crime over time through theology, canon law, and later medicine. In Catholic, Orthodox, and many conservative Protestant traditions, masturbation is seen as a sin committed against the body, since our body is the temple of the Holy Spirit within us. “Sexual immorality” porneia includes acts outside marital intercourse. Masturbation is sin against the body because it involves lustful use of the body. The paper looks at some of the issues surrounding masturbation and proffers solutions toward its eradication in our contemporary world, such that humanity can live a life acceptable unto God our creator. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Christianity and Masturbation: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125019.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125019/christianity-and-masturbation-an-overview/paul-a-adekunte

Many disorders during Balyavastha are caused due to vigilant caring of parent and Ahiputana is one such common disorder seen in such pediatric practice. Ahiputana is a type of Kshudra Roga caused due to unhygienic conditions which is very much similar to a condition called Diaper Rash in modern science. The calculated risk of developing Diaper Rash 1 in 4 infant and peak incidence is found in between 9 to 12 months. Even though it is not a life threatening disease but can be severely distressing for infant and mother. Therefore, it can cure through Ayurveda via Bahyaparimarjana and Antaparimarjana Chikitsa as mentioned in ayurvedic classics. Different Lepa, Avachurna, Parisheka Prayoga has extensive result over the same. On the other side Pathya Apathya plays an important role in both preventive as well as curative aspect. Hence, this paper is an attempt to compile and understanding the role of various Pathya Apathya in Ahiputana. Dr. Anu Shree | Dr. Darshana "Role of Pathya-Apathya in the Management of Ahiputana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125017.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/125017/role-of-pathyaapathya-in-the-management-of-ahiputana/dr-anu-shree

Mathematical models are essential tools for understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and for evaluating effective control strategies. This paper investigates a classical SIR Susceptible–Infected–Recovered epidemiological model formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations for a closed population. The model behavior is analyzed using analytical methods and numerical simulations to examine the influence of key parameters, including transmission and recovery rates, on disease progression. The results illustrate the conditions under which an epidemic emerges, reaches a peak, and eventually declines. The study highlights the significance of parameter variation in controlling disease spread and demonstrates the applicability of differential equation–based models in supporting public health planning and decision making. R. Selvi | G. Pramila "An Analytical and Numerical Study of Disease Spread via the SIR Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133300.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/133300/an-analytical-and-numerical-study-of-disease-spread-via-the-sir-model/r-selvi

We examine the petrographical and mineralogical characteristics of Iron Titanium Vanadium oxide mineralizations associated with the doleritic dykes crosscutting the Téra Ayorou pluton, located in the north of the Niger Liptako, which corresponds to the northeastern margin of the Léo Man shield in the southern part of the West African Craton. These mineralizations are part of mineral resources discussed in this craton, but for which studies have been fragmentary and not known particularly in the Niger Liptako basement. The main of this study is to determine the metallogenic characteristics of these mineralizations through data collected in the field and processed in laboratory. Field data indicate that Fe Ti V oxide mineralizations of the Téra Ayorou pluton are associated with hematite, in the form of iron oxides, and formed during surface weathering. Thin sections, EDS and SEM maps demonstrated that these mineralizations occur as Fe Ti V oxides in titanomagnetite with ilmenite exsolutions, in titanomaghemite, and in metal sulfides and some silicate minerals such as clinopyroxenes, hornblende, chlorite, and the emplacement mechanism suggest formation essentially during magma evolution. Electron microprobe analyses data indicate high concentrations in TiO2 21.61–50.51 wt , FeO 3.47–67.16 wt , and low V2O5 0.001–0.005 wt for the oxidized minerals, and suggest several sources, notably fractional crystallization, deuteric oxidation and hydrothermal alteration. These mineralizations are associated with high Ca and S content in titanomagnetite and sulfides respectively and minor Mn and Cr contents in titanomaghemite and clinopyroxene respectively. Its occur as disseminated in these dykes and originate from lithospheric mantle and formed in magma chamber. Gambo Ranaou Noura | Abdou Dodo Bohari | Abdoulatif Abass Saley | Hassan Ibrahim Maharou | Ibrahim Sarki Laouali | Yacouba Ahmed "Petrographical and Mineralogical Constraints on Fe-Ti-V Oxide Mineralizations Associated with the Doleritic dykes in the Téra-Ayorou Pluton (Liptako, West Niger)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125018/petrographical-and-mineralogical-constraints-on-fetiv-oxide-mineralizations-associated-with-the-doleritic-dykes-in-the-teraayorou-pluton-liptako-west-niger/gambo-ranaou-noura

Khadi has long been associated with India’s cultural heritage, sustainability, and self reliance. In the digital age, its identity is undergoing a transformation as consumers increasingly engage with fashion through online platforms. This study explores the evolving landscape of customized Khadi fashion with a specific focus on consumer preferences and marketing trends in Gujarat. The objective is to understand how digitalization, social media influence, and e commerce platforms are reshaping the demand for Khadi based apparel and customization services. An empirical approach is adopted by analyzing consumer behavior patterns, preferences in design customization, pricing sensitivity, and the impact of digital marketing strategies. The study also examines how Khadi brands and artisans are leveraging online platforms to reach younger and urban consumers while maintaining traditional authenticity. Findings indicate that consumers are increasingly valuing personalization, eco friendly materials, and brand storytelling, which significantly influence purchasing decisions. The results further highlight that digital marketing tools such as Instagram promotions, influencer collaborations, and online marketplaces have strengthened the visibility of Khadi fashion. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy among artisans and inconsistent branding still persist. Overall, the study concludes that customized Khadi fashion is transitioning from a traditional craft based product to a digitally driven lifestyle choice, especially in regions like Gujarat where cultural heritage and modern consumption trends coexist. Vaishali Dave "Customized Khadi Fashion in the Digital Age: An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Preferences and Marketing Trends in Gujarat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125021/customized-khadi-fashion-in-the-digital-age-an-empirical-analysis-of-consumer-preferences-and-marketing-trends-in-gujarat/vaishali-dave

Detrital zircons are robust tracers widely used to reconstruct sediment provenance and evaluate the metallogenic potential of sedimentary basins. This study focuses on the morphological and geochemical characterization of zircons from the Carboniferous formations of the Tim Mersoï Basin Niger in order to identify sedimentary sources and assess their contribution to uranium mineralization. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy SEM EDS , and geochemical analyses revealed two dominant zircon morphologies elongated prismatic zircons and ovoid zircons. The elongated zircons are euhedral, transparent, and enriched in uranium U , vanadium V , and molybdenum Mo , displaying signatures typical of evolved felsic magmatic systems. Their morphology and chemical composition indicate primary crystallization in differentiated granito volcanic magmas enriched in incompatible elements, likely related to the magmatic complexes of the Aïr Massif. In contrast, the ovoid zircons, commonly rounded and associated with clay and sulfide minerals, reflect sedimentary recycling and prolonged transport processes while preserving inherited magmatic geochemical signatures. Geochemical data reveal high UO2 contents average ˜ 54.79 associated with relatively low ZrO2 concentrations, suggesting significant isomorphic substitution of uranium for zirconium as well as metamictization processes induced by radioactive decay. TiO2 concentrations indicate high crystallization temperatures consistent with deep magmatic environments. Altogether, the results point to a dominantly evolved magmatic origin subsequently modified by sedimentary recycling, diagenetic alteration, and hydrothermal processes. This study demonstrates that the combined use of zircon morphology and geochemistry provides an effective tool for constraining sediment provenance and identifying potential uranium bearing source rocks. The results confirm the major contribution of the granito volcanic complexes of the Aïr Massif to the Tim Mersoï Basin sediments and provide significant insights into the genesis of uranium mineralization. This approach also offers valuable perspectives for uranium exploration in detrital basins of Niger. Abdou Dodo Bohari | Ibrahim Sarki Laouali | Garba Neino Abdoulaye | Badamassi Kadri Mahaman Mansour | Tourba Kamaye | Moussa Harouna "Morpho-Geochemical Analysis of Detrital Zircons from Carboniferous Formations in the Tim-Mersoï Basin (Niger) and Implications for Uranium Potential" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125022.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125022/morphogeochemical-analysis-of-detrital-zircons-from-carboniferous-formations-in-the-timmersoi-basin-niger-and-implications-for-uranium-potential/abdou-dodo-bohari

The construction industry is undergoing a fundamental digital transformation, and digital twin technology stands at its vanguard. A digital twin in the context of construction is regarded as an interactive virtual representation of a physical building or infrastructure project. It is emerging as an essential tool in construction and the built environment. It integrates real time data from Internet of things IoT sensors, BIM models, artificial intelligence AI , and other sources to mirror the physical entity. This bidirectional data flow allows stakeholders to monitor, simulate, and optimize the performance of the asset throughout its entire lifecycle. The DT technology enhances project visualization and stakeholder collaboration, optimizes planning and cost efficiency, strengthens safety and risk management, and supports long term sustainability and facility management. A digital twin in construction is a living, real time virtual replica of a physical building or infrastructure project. This paper presents a comprehensive understanding of current digital twin DT implementations in the construction industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin Construction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125023.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125023/digital-twin-construction/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In an era defined by global interconnectivity and unprecedented volatility, modern supply chains face mounting pressures. To build agility and resilience, organizations are increasingly turning to digital twin technology. In the context of supply chain management, a digital twin is regarded as a dynamic, virtual replica of a physical supply chain network, encompassing its assets, processes, inventory, and information flows. It is continuously updated with real time data to mirror its real world counterpart. This real time synchronization enables organizations to simulate scenarios, predict disruptions, optimize inventory, and improve overall operational efficiency. This paper demonstrates how digital twins are reshaping supply chain resilience and operational efficiency. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125026/digital-twin-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The current study aims to examine the development of modern education in colonial India through British education policies and reform movements. While it helps to understand the ideological foundations of modern education in India, it has also contributed to the marginalisation of women reformers. However, recent research has recognised the role of women reformers in the development of education during both colonial and post colonial periods, with Pandita Ramabai being one of the prominent figures. This research explores the life, work, and educational philosophy of Pandita Ramabai, one of the pioneering reformers in womens education in India, and how gender discrimination, caste based stratification, religious practices, and colonial modernity posed significant challenges in her journey. The study also examines how she managed to overcome these obstacles and achieve her goals. Additionally, it highlights how the organizations she founded, such as Arya Mahila Samaj, Sharada Sadan, and Mukti Mission, collectively contributed to increasing access to education and social rehabilitation for marginalized women, including child widows and those socially boycotted by their communities. Using feminist historiography and post colonial education theory frameworks, the study analyses Ramabais literary works, institutional initiatives, and reformist visions. The findings reveal that Ramabais contributions to womens education mark a significant milestone in the history of Indian womens education. Her work not only expanded educational opportunities for women but also influenced the development of early feminist thought in colonial India. Dr. Soma Gol | Dr. Biswajit Chatterjee "Pandita Ramabai and the Transformation of Womens Education in Colonial India Through Educational Modernity and Gender Reform" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125024/pandita-ramabai-and-the-transformation-of-womens-education-in-colonial-india-through-educational-modernity-and-gender-reform/dr-soma-gol

The rural handicraft sector plays a vital role in preserving cultural heritage and generating livelihood opportunities for rural communities in India. However, artisans in regions such as Saurashtra face multiple challenges including weak market access, low branding, dependency on intermediaries, and limited exposure to digital platforms. In this context, sustainable marketing has emerged as a strategic approach to enhance the competitiveness of rural handicraft enterprises. This study examines the impact of sustainable marketing practices on rural handicraft competitiveness and further analyzes the role of mediating factors brand image, market access, consumer awareness and moderating factors government support, digital infrastructure, NGO intervention . A quantitative research design is adopted using structured questionnaire data and analyzed through SPSS regression models. The findings reveal that sustainable marketing significantly influences rural handicraft competitiveness, explaining 66 of variance. When mediating and moderating variables are introduced, the explanatory power increases to 74 , indicating a stronger integrated model. The study highlights that sustainable marketing combined with institutional and market support factors plays a crucial role in improving artisan income, market expansion, and competitiveness. The study contributes to sustainable marketing literature and provides practical implications for policymakers, NGOs, and rural development agencies to strengthen the handicraft sector. Meghna Miteshbhai Rachchh | Dr. Viral Pareshkumar Tolia "The Role of Sustainable Marketing in Enhancing Rural Handicraft Sector Competitiveness: A Study of Saurashtra Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/125025/the-role-of-sustainable-marketing-in-enhancing-rural-handicraft-sector-competitiveness-a-study-of-saurashtra-region/meghna-miteshbhai-rachchh

Ghrita is considered one of the most valuable contributions of Indian tradition to health and medicine. Ayurveda describes Ghrita as a unique therapeutic substance possessing both nutritional and medicinal properties. It has the remarkable ability to assimilate the qualities of the drugs processed with it, thereby enhancing their efficacy. Due to its lipophilic nature, Ghrita acts as an effective carrier for drug delivery at the cellular level, facilitating penetration into structures such as mitochondria, microsomes, and nuclear membranes. Ghrita is also recognized for its antioxidant properties and as a rich source of Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids. In Ayurvedic therapeutics, it plays a significant role in the management of Maanasika Rogas neuro psychological disorders as well as various somatic diseases. In recent years, however, the use of ghee in daily diet has declined because of widespread misconceptions regarding its association with elevated cholesterol levels, cardiovascular disorders, and other health problems. Such concerns have created hesitation among the public regarding the regular consumption of Ghrita. This has necessitated a scientific re evaluation of the therapeutic and nutritional importance of Ghrita and Ghrita Kalpas. The present work aims to explore and clarify the role of Ghrita Kalpas in the promotion of health and the management of disease, with special reference to neuro psycho somatic disorders. The study also attempts to dispel prevailing myths surrounding ghee by presenting supportive Ayurvedic concepts and available scientific evidence regarding its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. Prof. Dr. H Abdul Kareem | Dr. Saikat Naskar "Role of Ghrita or Ghrita Kalpas in Preventive and Curative Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133302.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/133302/role-of-ghrita-or-ghrita-kalpas-in-preventive-and-curative-healthcare/prof-dr-h-abdul-kareem

Introduction Smoking is considered the key preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality at the global level. The aim of this study were to determine the prevalence of tobacco user and factors associated with tobacco use among the higher secondary students in selected schools in Lalitpur district. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted with 318 students in selected higher secondary schools of Lalitpur district. A standard, self administered questionnaire adopted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey GYTS consisting of questions on socio demographic variables, tobacco smoking status, family and peer tobacco smoking was administered to participants. Students of class 11 and 12 were included in the study and they were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking was 17.9 , where males smoked at higher rates than females 13.5 and 4.4 , respectively . One fourth of the monthly pocket money was seem to spend on tobacco use monthly pocket money 2000 and expenditure on tobacco 500 Logistic regression analysis showed that tobacco use was associated with age, class, gender, pocket money and alcohol use of the students. Conclusion The current tobacco smoking prevalence among higher secondary students was 17.9 . The control of using tobacco products in school students needs to be prioritized. This study help focus on the need of school health nurse for counseling and support for the students who are in need or search for help to give up the tobacco use and for other physical and psychological help. Anita Gurung | Shobha Laxmi Bajracharya "Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Its Associated Factors Among the Students of Higher Secondary Schools of Lalitpur District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133301.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/133301/prevalence-of-tobacco-use-and-its-associated-factors-among-the-students-of-higher-secondary-schools-of-lalitpur-district/anita-gurung

Introduction Globally, India accounts for the highest burden of preterm births, with approximately 3.5 million infants born prematurely each year. Within the state of Tamil Nadu, rural and developing districts like Tirupattur encounter persistent challenges in infant health due to regional socioeconomic barriers, limited access to tertiary neonatal setups, and a lack of structured transition care when infants leave special newborn care units SNCUs . The post discharge home environment is heavily influenced by parental self efficacy and care practices. In rural districts, traditional, unscientific newborn care practices often inadvertently worsen outcomes for vulnerable preterm infants. Modifiable post discharge risk factors include improper positioning during feeding, poor temperature regulation, premature introduction of complementary foods, and a distinct lack of early neurosensory stimulation. Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether infant growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes differed between treatment arms testing a structured, nurse led preterm care package provided to parents at discharge. Methods Mothers of preterm infants born 37 weeks gestation stable for discharge were recruited from a secondary care newborn unit in Tirupattur District, Tamil Nadu, between May 2024 and April 2025. Post discharge data were collected from 30 experimental participants receiving the nurse led care package and 30 control participants receiving standard discharge counseling up to 6 months of corrected age. Infant growth weight, length, and head circumference was monitored monthly, and neurodevelopmental status was evaluated at 6 months using the Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart TDSC . Time to event curves and logistic regression models were applied to compare outcomes. Results Retention rates for the experimental and control arms at 6 months were 90 27 30 and 86.7 26 30 , respectively. Preterm infants in the experimental group demonstrated a significantly shorter median time to achieve adequate catch up growth defined as weight for age 10th percentile compared to the control group 3.5 months vs. 5.5 months p = 0.032 . At 6 months of corrected age, the prevalence of developmental delay failing 1 item on the TDSC was significantly lower in the experimental arm than in the control arm 11.1 vs. 34.6 p = 0.041 . Conclusions A structured, nurse led preterm care package focused on responsive feeding, thermal management, infection control, and sensory stimulation significantly improves early physical growth and minimizes developmental delays in preterm infants compared to standard educational curriculums. S Subhavelvizhi | Dr. Mahehwari Koviri "Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Preterm Care Package Provided to Parents of Preterm Infants at Discharge on the Growth and Developmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants in Tirupattur District, Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125027.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125027/effectiveness-of-a-nurseled-preterm-care-package-provided-to-parents-of-preterm-infants-at-discharge-on-the-growth-and-developmental-outcomes-of-preterm-infants-in-tirupattur-district-tamil-nadu/s-subhavelvizhi

Solar photovoltaic PV systems installed in tropical regions face a distinctive set of operating challenges that can substantially limit their real world energy yield. High ambient temperatures, seasonal monsoon irradiance reductions, and soiling accumulation on module surfaces collectively drive performance below the nameplate potential that system designers typically assume. This paper investigates the actual energy output behavior of a 5 kW rooftop solar PV system situated in Thrissur, Kerala a location that combines abundant annual sunshine with significant thermal and meteorological variability. A structured MATLAB simulation framework was developed to model both the baseline and the post optimization performance of the system using twelve months of local meteorological data sourced from 2024. The baseline model integrates the temperature coefficient of power, Nominal Operating Cell Temperature NOCT , and a Performance Ratio PR of 0.90 to compute realistic monthly energy yields and the annual Capacity Utilization Factor CUF . Three targeted optimization strategies are subsequently applied panel surface cleaning to raise the PR from 0.90 to 0.92, passive rear ventilation cooling through a 10 cm air gap to reduce cell operating temperature by approximately 5 °C, and dynamic seasonal tilt adjustment during the south west monsoon months June through September to recapture irradiance lost due to low solar elevation angles. Simulation results demonstrate that the integrated optimisation strategy raises total annual energy generation from 7,476.4 kWh to 7,860.0 kWh a net improvement of 5.16 percent. Monthly efficiency gains range from a minimum of 4.27 percent in January to a peak of 6.08 percent in June and August, with the monsoon months exhibiting the highest relative improvement owing to the combined benefit of tilt correction and temperature reduction. The study confirms that low cost, non invasive interventions can yield economically meaningful performance gains without modifications to the core electrical infrastructure, and provides a validated MATLAB workflow that can be readily adapted for similar tropical rooftop installations. Maroof Ne | Unnikrishnan Nair "Performance Analysis and Optimization of a 5 kW Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125028.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/125028/performance-analysis-and-optimization-of-a-5-kw-rooftop-solar-photovoltaic-system/maroof-ne

Rural employment has become a cornerstone of Indian social security fabrication. Since its implementation in 2005, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA has played a pivotal role in providing wage employment, stabilizing rural incomes, and promoting infrastructure development. However, over time, the structure and purpose of rural India have changed significantly. Rising incomes, improved connectivity, widespread digital access, and a variety of employment options have reshaped rural employment needs. Against this background, the Government of India has enacted the Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission Gramin Bill, 2025, a milestone in transforming rural employment policy. The Viksit Bharat G RAM G Act, 2025, introduces a major legislative reform to MGNREGA, aligning rural employment with the long term vision of prosperous and great India in 2047, while strengthening accountability, infrastructure outcomes, and income security. The study delving deeply address to the new shift of the flagship rural employment guarantee scheme in India. Ananth P | Kalaivanan S "Viksit Bharat - Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G Ram G) – A New Road to Rural Employment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/133304/viksit-bharat--guarantee-for-rozgar-and-ajeevika-mission-gramin-vbg-ram-g-a-new-road-to-rural-employment/ananth-p

To address common management challenges in traditional university innovation and entrepreneurship projects including chaotic task allocation, difficult progress tracking, unquantifiable member contributions, and lack of process traceability this study proposes Tecline, a comprehensive intelligent supervision and collaboration management platform for such projects. Centered around a chain based supervision mechanism and leveraging artificial intelligence and big data technologies, the platform integrates the fundamental frameworks and advantages of TypeScript and Node.js languages to demonstrate their critical role in collaborative management systems. By comparing them with traditional backend languages, the study highlights how TypeScript and Node.js enhance Teclines functionality. The paper further outlines the platforms architecture built on these languages and details its application layer features and key functionalities in practical use scenarios. Zhang Ying | Ji Yutao | Ma Mingrui "Built using the TypeScript and Node.js Collaborative Management Platform" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133312.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/133312/built-using-the-typescript-and-nodejs-collaborative-management-platform/zhang-ying

Ayurveda, the science of life is in practice since the Vedic period. Rasashastra deals with mercury and other mineral drugs which are having high therapeutic value over the herbal drugs. Rasaushadhis herbo mineral preparations are a treasure in Ayurveda therapeutics. The raw drugs generally possess lot of toxic impurities in its natural form and unwanted heterogenous qualities which are harmful for therapeutic use. To overcome these adverse effects of raw drugs and to make it suitable for therapeutic administration, the drugs are subjected initially to Shodhana process. Shodhana helps in removing all the impurities and potentiates its efficacy, which inturn reduces the side effects of the drug. The purified Rasaushadhis are either administered directly or may be subjected to further process like Marana, Satwapatana, Amrutikarana, Lohitikarana etc. The concept of Shodhana depends upon the structure of the drug, composition of the drug, impurities of the drug, qualities of the drug and actions of the drug. The changes in the raw material after purification are also established scientifically by modern analytical parameters. Prof. Dr. H Abdul Kareem | Dr. Padmanabhalal R "A Critical Review on Concept of Shodhana in Rasashastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133309.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/133309/a-critical-review-on-concept-of-shodhana-in-rasashastra/prof-dr-h-abdul-kareem

The oil and gas industry has long been the backbone of the global economy. However, mounting challenges such as market volatility, environmental pressures, and operational inefficiencies are compelling the industry to evolve and innovate. Digital twin technology has emerged as a groundbreaking solution, transforming the way energy is produced and managed, and promising enhanced operational efficiency, predictive maintenance, and improved safety through real time virtual replicas of physical assets. A digital twin is a dynamic, high fidelity virtual representation of a physical object, system, or process that simulates its behavior in real time by integrating operational data, historical information, and advanced algorithms. This capability is shifting the industry from reactive maintenance and siloed decision making toward predictive, integrated, and autonomous operations. Digital twin in oil and gas innovation is redefining how oil and gas companies manage their operations. From drilling to refining, it offers a safer, faster, and more efficient way to monitor and control complex systems. This paper explores the widespread adoption of digital twins in the oil and gas sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin in Oil and Gas Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125037.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125037/digital-twin-in-oil-and-gas-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In Ayurveda, Sneha Kalpana is a unique contribution and it is the process to prepare oleaginous medicaments in specific proportions by subjecting to a specific heating pattern and duration to fulfill certain pharmaceutical parameters. These dosage forms can be used both internally as well as externally, according to the need of the therapeutics. Generally, Sneha Kalpana is prepared by using Agni as a source of heating. But Kasisadi Ghrita is an exception where the sunlight is used. This unsual method of preparation looks attractive because of natural heat sunlight that is required in the preparation and the yield that may be obtained. Here, the Sneha Dravya is heated with volatile drugs in Surya Paka for a specific time so that less heat allows them to leave their active principles in Sneha. Kasisadi Ghrita is indicated for Dadru, Pama, Vicharchika, Visarpa, Vishpota, Sukadosha, Vatarakta, Upadamsa, Nadivruna, Dustavruna, Sotha, Bhagandara and Lutavisha as an external application. It contains Kasisa, Haritala, Manahsila, Tutthaka, Gandhaka and 27 other herbal ingredients along with Ghrita. Fine powders of all the ingredients will be taken and mixed with Ghrita in a copper vessel and exposed to the rays of Sun for seven days before use. This article is mean to do a brief pharmaceutical review on Kasisadi Ghrita as per the available informations. Prof. Dr. H Abdul Kareem | Dr. Padmanabhalal R "Pharmaceutical Review on Kasisadi Ghrita: A Herbo-Mineral Formulation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133305.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/133305/pharmaceutical-review-on-kasisadi-ghrita-a-herbomineral-formulation/prof-dr-h-abdul-kareem

This study investigates the impact of the macroeconomic policy trilemma monetary policy independence, exchange rate stability, and financial openness on investment in developing countries, with particular emphasis on African economies. Grounded in the theoretical framework of the Impossible Trinity, the study examines how different policy combinations influence investment dynamics in economies characterized by structural constraints and increasing financial integration. Using a balanced panel dataset of 39 African countries spanning a 30 year period, the analysis employs Ordinary Least Squares OLS and Two Stage Least Squares 2SLS estimation techniques to evaluate the relationship between the Trilemma Index components and investment outcomes. The empirical results indicate that managing the trade offs associated with the trilemma remains a persistent challenge for African economies. Many countries in the region exhibit limited monetary policy autonomy and underdeveloped financial systems, which increases their reliance on foreign direct investment FDI as a primary source of capital inflows. At the same time, structural vulnerabilities and exposure to external shocks constrain their ability to maintain exchange rate stability. Consequently, policymakers face significant difficulties in simultaneously achieving macroeconomic stability, financial openness, and investment growth. Endogeneity tests further confirm the robustness of the estimated relationships. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of strengthening macroeconomic institutions, improving monetary policy frameworks, and enhancing exchange rate management to better navigate the trilemma constraints and promote sustainable investment in African economies. Mr. Setuza Muhire Ian | Prof. Dr. Vicente Cabatania Sinining "Monetary Policy Independence, Exchange Rate Stability, and Investment in Developing Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125029.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/125029/monetary-policy-independence-exchange-rate-stability-and-investment-in-developing-countries/mr-setuza-muhire-ian

The intricate interface between ethnic identity and indigenous consciousness constitutes a core thematic nexus within the modern novelistic tradition of Northeast India. This comparative research paper critically evaluates Rajanikanta Bordoloi’s Mirijiyari 1894 , Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya’s Iyaruingom 1960 , and Rongbong Terang’s Rongmilir Hahi 1981 to trace how indigenous worldviews withstand and adapt to socioeconomic and political pressures. By exploring these seminal Assamese novels across three distinct generations, this study unpacks the unique socio cultural landscapes of the Mising, Tangkhul Naga, and Karbi communities. It maps out their historic transitions from insular clan structures toward multi ethnic integration, political self determination and defensive preservation of indigenous traditions against external incursions Baruah, 1999 . Through a rigorous, textually grounded comparative framework, this paper illuminates the shifting paradigms of subaltern agency, the psychic fracturing caused by external religious conversions, and the friction between custom bound legacy and modernity. The analysis demonstrates that while Bordoloi approaches the Mising community with a benevolent, romanticized humanist lens, Bhattacharya evaluates the Tangkhul Nagas through an acute political lens of mid century postcolonial crisis. Meanwhile, Terang crafts an inside out cultural ethnography of the Karbis that highlights internal fissures and institutional resilience. The study contends that these narrative spaces act as critical socio historical archives, preserving local subaltern memory while tracking the evolution of an active indigenous consciousness within the broader canvas of Indian national identity Guha, 1997 . Kishor Baishya "Ethnic Identity and Indigenous Consciousness in Iyaruingom, Mirijiyari, and Rongmilir Hahi: A Comparative Literary Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125030.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/125030/ethnic-identity-and-indigenous-consciousness-in-iyaruingom-mirijiyari-and-rongmilir-hahi-a-comparative-literary-study/kishor-baishya

Honey bees Apis cerana indica are vital not only as pollinators and for their contribution to the economy and food systems, but also for their role in biodiversity. Surveys show that the increasing environmental pollution of fluoride from industry and phosphate fertilizers has raised concerns about the impact of the increasing background of fluoride on beneficial insects. The present study was carried out to analyze the effect of the developmental toxicity of fluoride on honey bees in the laboratory. Newly hatched larvae less than twenty four hours were fed in vitro on artificial diets containing sodium fluoride NaF at concentrations of 0 control , 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg L. In total, three hundred and sixty larvae were used and each treatment had three biological replicates. The analysis showed that developmental performance of Apis cerana indica decreased significantly with increasing concentration of NaF. NaF treatment at a concentration of 5.0 mg L decreased survival of larvae from 95.6 in the control group to 58.9 , decreased the success of pupation from 92.3 to 52.1 and decreased the adult emergence from 90.1 to 44.7 . NaF also delayed the development of larvae from 20.8 days in the control group to 24.2 days in the treatment group. NaF treatment showed NaF treatment also caused developmental abnormalities and impaired adult emergence of NaF treated larvae. NaF showed developmental toxic effects on Apis cerana indica and fluoride of industrial origin is a detrimental pollutant for honey bees. Chronic fluoride pollution will cause depletion of honey bee populations and impair viability of bee colonies and their pollinating activities. Md. Ziauddin | Dr. Bibha Verma | Dr. Rajesh Verma "Dose-Dependent Effects of Fluoride Exposure on Larval Survival, Pupation and Adult Emergence in Honey Bees (Apis cerana indica)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125031.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/125031/dosedependent-effects-of-fluoride-exposure-on-larval-survival-pupation-and-adult-emergence-in-honey-bees-apis-cerana-indica/md-ziauddin

Higher education plays a significant role in the socio economic development of a state. In Assam, the pattern of admission into undergraduate courses has undergone substantial changes due to changing career aspirations, economic opportunities, educational policies, and the implementation of the National Education Policy NEP 2020. This study examines and compares the trends in admission seeking among students enrolled in Bachelor of Arts B.A. , Bachelor of Commerce B.Com. , and Bachelor of Science B.Sc. courses in Assam. The study is based on secondary data collected from government reports, admission statistics, research publications, and newspaper reports. The findings indicate that B.A. continues to attract the largest share of students, while B.Com. has experienced moderate growth and B.Sc. admissions have shown fluctuations influenced by professional and technical education opportunities. The study highlights the factors affecting students preferences and suggests measures for improving enrolment quality across disciplines. Dr. Praneswar Kalita "Trends and Patterns of Student Enrolment in B.A., B.Com., and B.Sc. Programmes in Assam: A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125032.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/125032/trends-and-patterns-of-student-enrolment-in-ba-bcom-and-bsc-programmes-in-assam-a-comparative-study/dr-praneswar-kalita

The built environment is increasingly complex, driven by demands for sustainability, energy efficiency, and smart city integration. To address these demands, the architecture and construction industries are undergoing a digital transformation. Central to this shift is the concept of the digital twin DT . A digital twin is regarded as a virtual representation of a physical object or system that uses real time data to accurately reflect its real world counterpart. It incorporates real time data from Internet of things IoT sensors, artificial intelligence AI , and machine learning to enable dynamic monitoring, simulation, prediction, and control across the assets entire lifecycle. By bridging the physical and virtual realms, digital twins empower the AEC industry to design more efficiently, build more safely, and operate more sustainably. This essay explores the applications of digital twins in architecture. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin in Architecture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125034.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125034/digital-twin-in-architecture/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is a common reproductive health disorder affecting adolescent girls. Awareness and knowledge regarding PCOS are essential for its early identification and management. Socio demographic characteristics play a significant role in influencing the level of knowledge among adolescents. Objectives 1. To assess the pre test knowledge level regarding PCOS among adolescent girls studying in Government Girls Senior Secondary School, Jawalamukhi, District Kangra Himachal Pradesh . 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme STP in improving knowledge regarding PCOS among adolescent girls. 3. To compare the pre test and post test knowledge scores related to PCOS among adolescent girls. 4. To determine the association between pre test knowledge scores and selected socio demographic variables. Materials and Methods A pre experimental one group pre test and post test research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 50 adolescent girls selected through a non probability purposive sampling technique from Government Girls Senior Secondary School, Jawalamukhi. A structured questionnaire along with a socio demographic data sheet was used to assess participants’ knowledge regarding PCOS. Following the pre test, a Structured Teaching Programme was administered, and a post test was conducted to evaluate its effectiveness. Major Findings The standard deviation of the pre test and post test scores was 2.2735 and 2.3103, respectively. The calculated t values for the pre test and post test were 32.86 and 53.07, respectively, which were considerably higher than the table value of 2.009. This indicates a statistically significant improvement in knowledge following the Structured Teaching Programme. Conclusion The findings revealed that the Structured Teaching Programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding PCOS. Post test scores demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge compared to pre test scores. Recommendations Implement structured teaching programmes on PCOS and other reproductive health issues in both government and private schools. Encourage the participation of parents and teachers in educational activities to create a supportive learning environment for adolescents. Develop and utilize interactive teaching methods, including audio visual aids, to improve understanding and retention of information. Conduct follow up studies to assess the long term effectiveness of educational interventions. Incorporate PCOS awareness activities into community health and school health programmes. Deepika | Kavita | Anchal Rana "A Study to Assess the Efficiency of Structural Teaching Programe on Knowledge Regarding PCOS among Adolescent Girls of Govt. Girls Senior Secondary School Jawalamukhi, Distt. – Kangra (H.P.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133311.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/133311/a-study-to-assess-the-efficiency-of-structural-teaching-programe-on-knowledge-regarding-pcos-among-adolescent-girls-of-govt-girls-senior-secondary-school-jawalamukhi-distt-kangra-hp/deepika

Perioperative pain in older adults with femur fracture received under spinal anaesthetic SA is a complex issue due to the interplay of risks of postoperative delirium, postoperative opioid effect and the prevalence of pain. Whether fascia iliaca compartment block FICB is more effective than IV fentanyl in enhancing positioning conditions, peri operative pain control, opioid use and postoperative delirium. ASA physical status I to ASA physical status III patients of age = 65 years was studied in this RTC study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups FICB n=60 or intravenous fentanyl group n=60 . The baseline data were not different between groups p 0.05 . The FICB group had significantly better positioning conditions, lower VAS 3.2 ± 0.9 vs 5.8 ± 1.1, p 0.001 , better ease of positioning and a shorter time to spinal anaesthesia 6.5 ± 1.8 vs 10.2 ± 2.4 min, p 0.001 . No significant differences in pain rating scores were found except in the FICB group where scores were significantly lower at all times p 0.001 . Total opioid consumption was significantly reduced in the FICB group 18.6 ± 6.4 vs 42.3 ± 10.7 MME, p 0.001 . The FICB group also had a fewer number of delirium cases 10 versus 25 p = 0.03 . The effect size analysis showed a large analgesic effect Cohens d = 1.12 and the regression analysis found an independent protective effect of FICB against delirium OR = 0.38, p 0.01 . In elderly patients, undergoing spinal anaesthetic surgery for femur fracture, fascia iliaca compartment block has been shown to be more effective at providing perineurial analgesia than intravenous fentanyl. Dr. Deepika Joshi | Dr. Prerna Sharma "Comparison of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block and Intravenous Fentanyl for Perioperative Analgesia and Delirium Prevention in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Anaesthesia for Femur Fracture Surgery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125033.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/125033/comparison-of-fascia-iliaca-compartment-block-and-intravenous-fentanyl-for-perioperative-analgesia-and-delirium-prevention-in-elderly-patients-undergoing-spinal-anaesthesia-for-femur-fracture-surgery/dr-deepika-joshi

The study examined effect of population growth and unemployment rate on economic growth in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine how population growth rate and unemployment rate have affected economic growth for the period of 1981 to 2021. The variables used in the study are gross domestic product growth rate, which serves as the dependent variable while population growth rate, unemployment rate, gross fixed capital formation and total government revenue serves as the independent variable. Data were obtained from United Nations World Population Prospects and World Bank Development Indicators WDI for the period of 1981 to 2021. Due to the mixed order of integration in the model, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag ARDL approach was applied in analyzing the data. The result showed that population growth and unemployment have significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. But individually tested, it shows that, population growth has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria, while unemployment has a positive insignificant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. This study recommends that certain strategies must necessarily be instituted within the framework of the Nigerian society so as to constitute incentives for attracting and committing individuals, especially those considered in this exposition, to embrace the need for serious and practical involvement in population control measures and check. Government should as a matter of urgency, create avenue for improved investment climate in order to encourage entrepreneurial development in the economy this will in the long run reduce unemployment rate in the country. Dr. Ijeoma Blessing Unachukwu | Anukam Chidozirim Stephen | Egwudike Chisom Judith "Impact of Population Growth and Unemployment on Economic Growth in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133310.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/international-business-issues/133310/impact-of-population-growth-and-unemployment-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria/dr-ijeoma-blessing-unachukwu

Governments worldwide are investing in large scale infrastructure projects, smart city initiatives, and digital transformation efforts. In recent years, the public sector has increasingly recognized the potential of digital twins to address complex societal challenges. Digital twin technology represents a monumental leap forward in the capabilities of government and public administration. A digital twin is regarded as an integrated, data driven virtual representation of real world entities and processes, synchronized at a specified frequency and fidelity. By bridging the physical and virtual worlds, digital twins empower policymakers to transition from reactive management to proactive, data driven governance. By leveraging real time data, artificial intelligence, and advanced simulations, governments can enhance decision making, optimize resource allocation, and improve public service delivery. Digital twins are increasingly being deployed in both public and private sector organizations. This paper reviews the applications of digital twin technology across various domains of the public sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125035.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125035/digital-twin-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Ayurveda, India’s timeless healthcare philosophy, offers a profound approach to holistic well being on earth and beyond. A foundational pillar of this system is Swasthyarakshana maintaining the health of healthy individuals alongside addressing public wellness. Central to this preventive framework is the understanding of Ritu Sandhi the crucial seasonal transition period. This systematic review evaluates Ayurvedic classical texts regarding seasonal regimens Ritucharya , daily routines Dinacharya , nightly habits Ratricharya , and ethical conduct Sadvritta . During seasonal junctions, human immunity naturally fluctuates, creating vulnerability to acute pathologies such as viral fevers, influenza, and respiratory distress. This study highlights the necessity of managing Ritu Sandhi through proactive lifestyle and dietary modifications to mitigate seasonal illnesses. Dr. Reshma Shivanagutti | Dr. Tameem Ansari S "Harmonizing Lifestyle with Nature: A Comprehensive Review of Ritu Sandhi and Ritucharya in Ayurvedic Preventative Medicine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133327.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/133327/harmonizing-lifestyle-with-nature-a-comprehensive-review-of-ritu-sandhi-and-ritucharya-in-ayurvedic-preventative-medicine/dr-reshma-shivanagutti

This research assessed the effectiveness of targeted reading interventions in bridging literacy gaps among Key Stage 1 learners in selected schools under the East District of Toledo City Division for the school year 2025–2026, serving as a basis for developing enhanced reading activities tailored to learners’ specific needs. Most teacher respondents were female, aged 31–40, married, with bachelor’s or master’s level education, and one to three years of experience. They had very satisfactory performance ratings and participated in professional development at the division level. Learners were mostly at the Near Mastery level in reading fluency, comprehension, and word recognition, though some remained in the Lack Mastery and No Mastery categories, indicating a need for targeted support. Teachers strongly agreed that interventions were well implemented through appropriate reading materials, varied strategies, and regular progress monitoring. A significant relationship was found between learners’ reading performance and the extent of intervention implementation, affirming that effective strategies positively influence reading outcomes. However, challenges were also identified, including limited reading time, minimal parental involvement, short attention spans, low learner motivation, teacher workload, and insufficient level reading materials. Less frequent but notable issues included large class sizes and limited teacher training. Overall, the study reveals that the strong implementation of targeted reading interventions is closely linked to improved literacy performance, yet addressing the identified issues is crucial to further enhance reading outcomes for Key Stage 1 learners. Pia Laureen R. Osilao | Liberato A. Lauronilla "Targeted Reading Interventions: A Bridge to Literacy Gaps among Key Stage 1 Learners" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125036.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125036/targeted-reading-interventions-a-bridge-to-literacy-gaps-among-key-stage-1-learners/pia-laureen-r-osilao

Background A needle stick injury is the penetration of the skin by a hypodermic needle or other sharp object that has been in contact with blood, tissue or other body fluids before the exposure. Even though the acute physiological effects of a needle stick injury are generally negligible, these injuries can lead to transmission of blood borne diseases, placing those exposed at increased risk of infection from disease causing pathogens, such as the hepatitis B virus HBV , hepatitis C virus HCV , and human immunodeficiency virus HIV . In healthcare and laboratory settings globally, there are over 25 distinct types of blood borne diseases that can potentially be transmitted through needle stick injuries to workers. In addition to needle stick injuries, transmission of these viruses can also occur as a result of contamination of the mucous membranes, such as those of the eyes, with blood or body fluids, but needle stick injuries make up more than 80 of all percutaneous exposure incidents in the United States. Various other occupations are also at increased risk of needle stick injury, including law enforcement, laborers, tattoo artists, food preparers, and agricultural workers. 1. Objectives To assess the pre test knowledge of student nurses regarding Prevention and Post exposure prophylaxis of needle stick injury. 2. To assess the post test knowledge of student nurses regarding prevention and post exposure prophylaxis of needle stick injury. 3. To find out the association between the Pre Test Knowledge Score of student nurses on prevention and post exposure prophylaxis of needle stick injury with Selected Demographic Variables. 4. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program by comparing pre test and post test knowledge score of student nurses on prevention and post exposure prophylaxis of needle stick injury. Material and Method Quasi experimental design one group pre and post test design was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Prevention and post exposure of NSI among nursing student at selected nursing colleges, Kanpur. Result The mean pre test knowledge score was 13.84, which increased to 23.4 in the post test. The calculated t value of 23.4 was significantly higher than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance, indicating that the educational intervention was highly effective in improving the knowledge of participants. Mr. Sachin Chhari "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Prevention and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Needle Stick Injury among Student of B.Sc. Nursing 3 Yr in Regency Institute of Nursing Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125038.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/125038/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-prevention-and-postexposure-prophylaxis-of-needle-stick-injury-among-student-of-bsc-nursing-3-yr-in-regency-institute-of-nursing-kanpur/mr-sachin-chhari

Background of the study Breast self examination is one of the screening procedures. Although the effectiveness of self examination as a breast cancer screening strategy is debatable, the American Cancer Society advises women to be aware of the natural texture of their breasts and to report any changes to their doctor. Breast self examinations on a regular basis can help discover a tumor at an early stage. Treatment is more likely to be successful if the tumor is identified early. Furthermore, self examinations are a straightforward, low cost approach that any woman can do at any age. According to a study “Breast Cancer is more prevalent in women worldwide ” Keeping this in view the investigator conducted “A Study To Assess The “Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Breast Self Examination Among Women In Selected Area At Kanpur, U.P.” Objectives 1.To assess the existing knowledge of adult women regarding Breast self examination. 2. To assess the knowledge of adult women regarding Breast self examination after the intervention.3.To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme regarding breast self examination 4.To find out an association between post test knowledge with their selected socio demographic variable. Material and Method Quantitative Research Approach was adopted along with pre experimental one group pre test post test research design was used.The non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the 60 adult women. Data was collected from selected rural area of Kanpur Uttar Pradesh by self reporting method with the socio demographic data of adult women along with structured tool made by researcher structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. As data was analysed by using descriptive statistics RESULT In pre test, out of 60 adult women 48 80 had poor knowledge, 12 20 had average knowledge and none of adult women had good knowledge. In post test, out of 60 adult women none of them had poor knowledge, 11 17 had average knowledge and 49 83 had good knowledge. Enhancement was computed by using paired “t” test at 0.05 level of significance, it was found to be 11.60 in knowledge, indicating that there is a significant improvement in the knowledge of adult women. Mr. Sachin Chhari | Agnes Mahima David "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Breast Self Examination among Adult Women in Selected Area at Kanpur, U.P" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125039.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/125039/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-breast-self-examination-among-adult-women-in-selected-area-at-kanpur-up/mr-sachin-chhari

Perovskite type oxides with the general formula ABO3 have attracted considerable attention as prospective electrolyte and electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cells SOFCs , oxygen separation membranes, and electrochemical sensors due to their structural versatility and tunable ionic transport properties. In this study, three representative lanthanum based perovskite compositions La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, La0.7Sr0.3CoO3, and LaFeO3 were synthesized via conventional high temperature solid state reaction. Phase purity was confirmed by X ray diffraction XRD analysis, and microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy SEM . Ionic conductivity was evaluated over the temperature range of 600–1000 K using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS . Activation energies derived from Arrhenius analysis ranged from 0.55 to 0.82 eV, with La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 exhibiting the highest conductivity of 3.8 × 10 2 S cm 1 at 900 K. The influence of A site Sr2 substitution on oxygen vacancy concentration and consequent ionic transport is discussed in the framework of defect chemistry and Goldschmidt tolerance factor analysis. These findings underscore the potential of Sr doped lanthanum perovskites as high performance solid electrolytes for intermediate temperature energy conversion devices. Professor (Dr). Dilip Kumar Choudhary "Solid-State Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity of Perovskite-Type Oxides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125040.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/125040/solidstate-synthesis-and-ionic-conductivity-of-perovskitetype-oxides/professor-dr-dilip-kumar-choudhary

In an era defined by rapid technological advancement, the aerospace and defense sectors face increasing pressure to accelerate innovation, reduce costs, and enhance the safety and sustainability of complex systems. To meet these demands, the industry has increasingly adopted digital twin technology. A digital twin is regarded as an integrated, data driven virtual representation of real world entities and processes, synchronized at a specified frequency and fidelity. Digital twins are revolutionizing the aerospace industry, providing unprecedented efficiency, accuracy, and insight into aerospace assets. By bridging the physical and digital worlds, digital twins are accelerating innovation, optimizing manufacturing, and revolutionizing predictive maintenance. As the aerospace sector continues its digital transformation, the digital twin will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone technology, mirroring the skies to ensure a safer, more efficient, and sustainable future for aviation and space exploration. This paper explores the transformative applications of digital twin in the aerospace industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Twin in Aerospace Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125041.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125041/digital-twin-in-aerospace-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Natural hazards like earthquakes, high winds and floods are critical to the life and operability of the built structures. A multi hazard resilient design framework is presented using smart engineering systems, IoT based SHM and CNN LSTM based hybrid deep learning model for detecting real time damage and early warning. Finite element method simulation was conducted by developing G 10 RC building structure and subjecting it to the dynamic earthquake, wind and flood actions. The framework showed improved performance over conventional structure design 31.69 reduction in earthquake induced displacement, 32.93 reduction in wind induced roof displacement and 41.63 reduction in foundation settlement. IoT based SHM exhibited a good sensor accuracy of 98.42 , data transmission rate accuracy of 99.13 and alert generation accuracy of 97.86 . The hybrid CNN LSTM model produced a very good damage prediction accuracy of 97.84 , which indicates anomaly identification and quick decision making. Vinod Kumar | Er. Rajala "Multi-Hazard Resilient Building Design Incorporating Earthquake, Wind, and Flood Resistance Using Smart Engineering Technologies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/133316/multihazard-resilient-building-design-incorporating-earthquake-wind-and-flood-resistance-using-smart-engineering-technologies/vinod-kumar

Increased urbanization and population growth are creating problems in urban water distribution systems, which include leakage, imbalance of pressure, energy loss, and poor utilization of resources. There is no monitoring and maintenance in traditional water systems, which has led to large scale water losses. This research work demonstrates a design of an optimized smart pipe network system for urban water distribution by employing IoT technology and Machine Learning ML . Sensors based on IoT technology were installed to monitor parameters such as water flow rate, pressure, and water levels in order to collect data for decision making and analysis purposes. Hydraulic simulation was performed to evaluate the behavior of the network under different demand scenarios, while pre processing techniques were employed for better data processing. These techniques included normalization, denoising, and filtering of outliers. SVM, LR, DT, and RF algorithms of ML were employed for prediction and optimization. Results showed that the SVM model achieved the best performance with MAE of 1.12 and RMSE of 1.68, demonstrating improved leakage control, pressure management, operational efficiency, and sustainable urban water distribution. Satyawan Godara | Dr. Varinder Singh "Design and Optimization of Smart Pipe Network Systems for Urban Water Distribution Using IoT-Based Monitoring and Machine Learning Algorithms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133315.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/133315/design-and-optimization-of-smart-pipe-network-systems-for-urban-water-distribution-using-iotbased-monitoring-and-machine-learning-algorithms/satyawan-godara

This study looks at how water based aqueous and alcohol based alcoholic extracts of Asparagus racemosus Shatavari and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Dalchini affect the weight of reproductive organs and chemicals related to fertility in male Swiss albino mice. Seven groups of mice were studied over 45 days. The results showed that giving these extracts alone or together significantly increased the weights of the testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and ventral prostate. Important chemicals that show reproductive health also increased. These included the protein content in the coagulating gland, sugar fructose levels in the seminal vesicles, and acid phosphatase activity in the ventral prostate. Overall, the alcohol based extracts and the combined treatments gave the best results, showing that the two plants work well together. Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Thakur | Prachi "Comparative Impact of Asparagus Racemosus and Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extracts on Reproductive Organ Mass and Accessory Gland Secretory Markers in Male Swiss Albino Mice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133319.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/133319/comparative-impact-of-asparagus-racemosus-and-cinnamomum-zeylanicum-extracts-on-reproductive-organ-mass-and-accessory-gland-secretory-markers-in-male-swiss-albino-mice/prof-dr-a-k-thakur

The exponential growth of data generated by the Internet of things IoT , autonomous systems, and mobile applications has exposed the limitations of traditional, centralized cloud computing architectures. In response, edge computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm that decentralizes data processing, moving computational resources closer to the data source. Edge computing is fundamentally altering the landscape of data processing by shifting computational resources away from centralized cloud data centers to the periphery of the network. This decentralized approach addresses the inherent constraints of centralized cloud systems, particularly concerning latency, bandwidth, and security. This paper explores the concept of edge computing and provides its transformative applications in various industries. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Applications of Edge Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125043.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125043/applications-of-edge-computing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Purpose This study explores the potential of integrating local craft traditions and indigenous food ecosystems into sustainable ecotourism models in Chhattisgarh. The research aims to examine how community based tourism can simultaneously support environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and local livelihood development. Design Methodology Approach The study adopts a qualitative conceptual approach based on secondary data analysis. Academic literature, government reports, policy documents, and tourism related studies were reviewed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings The findings indicate that ecotourism initiatives in Chhattisgarh have contributed to biodiversity conservation and livelihood generation. However, traditional crafts and indigenous food systems remain inadequately integrated into tourism experiences. An integrated ecotourism framework comprising nature based tourism, craft based tourism, culinary tourism, and community participation is proposed. Practical Implications The study provides guidance for policymakers, tourism planners, artisans, and community organizations in developing sustainable and culturally inclusive tourism products. Originality Value The paper contributes to the literature by proposing a multidisciplinary framework linking ecological conservation, cultural heritage, indigenous food systems, and community based development. Dr. Hamid Abdullah | Nikita Yadav "Sustainable Ecotourism Models for Integrating Local Craft and Food Ecosystems in Chhattisgarh: A Community-Based Development Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125042.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/125042/sustainable-ecotourism-models-for-integrating-local-craft-and-food-ecosystems-in-chhattisgarh-a-communitybased-development-perspective/dr-hamid-abdullah

The paper discusses the result of a study which growth and development of women entrepreneurs with special reference to Rajnandgaon Block. The study was undertaken to explore the entrepreneurial activities of women and to understand their contribution to economic and social development at the local level. The data were collected from 100 women entrepreneurs engaged in different business activities through a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were subjected to descriptive and analytical examination. The findings of the study indicate that women entrepreneurs play a significant role in income generation, employment creation, and improvement of family living standards. The study concludes that women entrepreneurship serves as a powerful instrument for women empowerment and sustainable economic development. The active participation of women in entrepreneurial activities not only improves their individual economic status but also contributes to the overall progress of society. Dr. Santosh Uke | Sahil Kumar Janghel "Growth and Development of Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study with Special Reference to Rajnandgaon Block" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125044.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/125044/growth-and-development-of-women-entrepreneurs-a-case-study-with-special-reference-to-rajnandgaon-block/dr-santosh-uke

An efficient and cost effective approach for extending cloud computing is edge computing. Edge computing is a distributed computing model that processes data closer to where it is generated. Unlike traditional cloud computing, which depends on centralized data centers, edge computing brings computation and data storage nearer to the data sources. The integration of edge computing in modern systems takes advantage of Internet of things IoT devices and can potentially improve the systems’ performance, scalability, privacy, and security with applications in different domains. Domains such as Ambient Assisted Living AAL or healthcare can greatly benefit from the IoT and edge computing advancements. Edge computing is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real time data processing closer to where it is generated, which can help improve patient care and operational efficiency. The integration of edge computing technologies in healthcare systems enables IoT wearable devices that are equipped with a diverse range of sensors to continuously monitor a wide range of signals and detect anomalies. This paper aims to explore the mechanisms, applications, benefits, and challenges of edge computing in healthcare. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Edge Computing in Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125045.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/125045/edge-computing-in-healthcare/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In the rapidly evolving educational landscape of the 21st century, traditional pedagogical models are increasingly being challenged by learner centred approaches that prioritize autonomy, flexibility, and adaptability. Heutagogy, or self determined learning, emerges as a transformative educational philosophy that empowers learners to take control of their own learning journeys. Unlike pedagogy and andragogy, which are often instructor led, heutagogy places the learner at the centre, emphasizing self reflection, metacognition, and experiential engagement. This paper explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of heutagogy in contemporary education. It examines how heutagogical practices align with the demands of a knowledge based, technology driven society, where continuous learning and adaptability are critical. Through a comprehensive literature review and case examples, the study highlights key principles of heutagogy such as learner agency, non linear learning, and capability development and how they can be integrated into modern classrooms, online learning environments, and professional development programs. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of heutagogy for educators, curriculum designers, and institutions, emphasizing the need for a shift from content delivery to learning facilitation. Challenges in implementing heutagogical approaches, including assessment, institutional constraints, and educator readiness, are also addressed. By fostering self directed and lifelong learning, heutagogy holds the potential to reshape educational experiences, making them more meaningful, personalized, and future ready. This conceptual exploration calls for a broader recognition of heutagogy as a viable and necessary framework for cultivating independent, reflective, and capable learners in the contemporary world. Prof. (Dr.) B. C. Swain "Heutagogy in Contemporary Education: Fostering Self-Directed and Lifelong Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133325.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/133325/heutagogy-in-contemporary-education-fostering-selfdirected-and-lifelong-learning/prof-dr-b-c-swain

Software defect estimation is a critical aspect of software development that helps manage project schedules, allocating resources effectively, and ensuring software quality. Various techniques have been proposed and used to estimate software defects, including historical data analysis, expert judgment, function point analysis, software metrics, and machine learning approaches. This comprehensive research survey paper aims to review and compare these techniques in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, and applicability in different software development contexts. The findings from this analysis will assist researchers, practitioners, and decision makers in selecting appropriate defect estimation techniques for their specific software projects. Through an extensive literature review and analysis of case studies, this paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, highlighting their accuracy, precision, data requirements, scalability, transparency, interpretability, flexibility, and resource requirements. Furthermore, the applicability of these techniques in various software development contexts, such as small scale projects, medium scale projects, large scale projects, agile development environments, safety critical systems, open source projects, and distributed development teams, is examined. It also identifies areas for future research and improvement, paving the way for the development of more accurate and effective defect estimation methods. Tehseen Fatma | Dr. Najeeb Ahmad Khan | Dr. Saoud Sarwar "Comparative Analysis of Software Defect Estimation Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133330.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/133330/comparative-analysis-of-software-defect-estimation-techniques/tehseen-fatma

Rapid urbanization has intensified challenges related to water wastage and indoor air pollution in Indian households. Commercial monitoring systems are expensive and designed for individual functions rather than integrated household monitoring. This paper presents the design, implementation, and 45 day field validation of an affordable smart monitoring system combining water leakage detection, tank level supervision, and indoor air quality monitoring on a single ESP32 platform. The system integrates YF S201 flow sensors, MQ 135 gas sensor, DHT22 temperature humidity sensor, and HC SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a TensorFlow Lite Micro LSTM model deployed directly on ESP32 for edge based leakage prediction. The model achieves 92.8 accuracy with 12ms inference time, operating without cloud connectivity. A four layer alert system Blynk, Telegram, SMS, Voice Call and three tier automated mitigation buzzer, fan window, valve shut off ensure comprehensive safety response. Experimental testing from 01 Apr 2026 to 15 May 2026 in a 3BHK apartment demonstrated 97.3 uptime, 96.8 leakage detection accuracy with 28s average response, 98.2 gas detection accuracy, and 450L water saved. Total prototype cost is 2,900, representing 64 reduction compared to commercial alternatives. The system operates at 1.8W average power with 100 SD card data logging success 12,960 records . This research contributes toward smart domestic infrastructure by integrating water conservation and environmental safety into a single IoT framework suitable for middle class households and AMRUT 2.0 smart city applications. Kartik Bansal | Er. Rajbala | Hardeep Singh "Application of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Developing Resilient, Sustainable, and Smart Urban Infrastructure Systems for Future Cities: A Case Study of Water Supply and Air Quality Monitoring" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd125046.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/125046/application-of-artificial-intelligence-and-iot-in-developing-resilient-sustainable-and-smart-urban-infrastructure-systems-for-future-cities-a-case-study-of-water-supply-and-air-quality-monitoring/kartik-bansal

Optical Character Recognition OCR has advanced significantly with deep learning, yet automatically recognizing and parsing printed Sudoku grids from low quality physical media such as newspapers and magazines remains a persistent challenge due to variable typography, perspective distortions, localized shadows, and ink degradation. This paper presents a complete, web based end to end software pipeline designed to localize, digitize, and interactively guide users through solving printed Sudoku puzzles. The proposed system features an robust five strategy cascade for image thresholding and grid localization, ensuring structural invariance against non uniform illumination and perspective skewing. Following geometric rectification via homographic perspective transformation, individual cells undergo a customized twelve candidate binarization workflow reinforced by Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization CLAHE to effectively preserve thin or faint character boundaries. Character recognition is driven by a deep convolutional neural network architecture, termed DigitCNN, integrating channel wise Squeeze and Excitation block mechanics and symmetric identity skip connections to automatically capture spatial hierarchies of printed digits across diverse typefaces. To narrow the persistent domain gap encountered in document analysis pipelines, the DigitCNN model is optimized using an innovative self supervised, pipeline aware training regime spanning 1.62 million stochastically degraded synthetic and augmented text samples processed through the exact binarization pipeline executed during inference. To overcome individual classification errors, the system embeds a post classification constraint correction layer acting on global puzzle logic, combined with a self supervised template rescoring module utilizing high confidence local predictions to re evaluate ambiguous cells. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the customized DigitCNN model achieves a peak validation accuracy of 99.04 and a final convergent accuracy of 98.91 , vastly outperforming classic structural frameworks. Integrated into a monolithic Single Page Application SPA driven by a Flask backed runtime architecture, the system incorporates a non deterministic Minimum Remaining Values MRV heuristic based backtracking solver to parse real time uniqueness violations dynamically. Rather than acting as an automated solver that bypasses human reasoning, the application operates strictly as an intelligent hint provider highlighting conflicting nodes, maintaining dual pencil and pen entry modes, and exposing logical per cell constraints directly within the web interface to augment human deductive problem solving. Priyam Bhattacharya | Pritam Mondal | Sreena Mondal | Prof. Dr. Rajib Kumar Das "Sudoku Grid Detection Using OCR" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-10 | Issue-3 , June 2026, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd133328.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/133328/sudoku-grid-detection-using-ocr/priyam-bhattacharya