The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs set the target to end deaths from preventable diseases among new borns and children under five years old by 2030. India is one of the 15 highest burdened countries in terms of total pneumonia episodes and related childhood mortality. In India, around 400 000 children aged below five years die every year from ARI related diseases. Title of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge among mothers regarding prevention of acute respiratory tract infection of under 5 children in selected rural areas of Kanpur, U.P.” objective of the study was to assess the pretest knowledge regarding prevention of acute respiratory tract infection of under 5 children in selected rural areas of Kanpur, U.P. To assess the post test knowledge regarding prevention of acute respiratory tract infection of under 5 children in selected rural areas of Kanpur, U.P. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of acute respiratory tract infection of under 5 children in selected rural areas of Kanpur, U.P. To find out the association between pretest knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. “Methodology adopted for the study was quantitative research approach with a pre experimental one group pretest and posttest was adopted. In this study, the sample consists of 30 mothers of under 5 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. The convenience sampling technique was used for this study. A structured Socio demographic variables and Knowledge questionnaire on prevention of acute respiratory tract infection were selected based on the objectives of the study. The tools are prepared in two sections. Section A was socio demographic data, and the Section –B was Knowledge questionnaire on prevention of acute respiratory tract infection. Validity of the tool was established with experts. Pilot study was conducted on young adults from 03 04 2024 to 20 04 2024 to assess the tools feasibility and it was found to be feasible to collect the required information. For the main study the data collected from 25 05 2024 to 25 06 2024 from mothers of under 5 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The collected data was tabulated according to various parameters and the complete analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics. Paired t test used to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding prevention of acute respiratory tract infection and the obtained value was 23.38 and the table value was 1.68 at 0.05 level of confidence. Since the obtained value greater than the table value STP was effective So, the H1 hypothesis was accepted. The investigator concluded the planned teaching programme was effective. The chi square calculation explains that there was a significant association between pre test knowledge level and the sociodemographic variables such as educational status and occupational status as the chi square value was greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. Richie John | Raj Amit Singh Gurjar "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge among Mothers Regarding Prevention of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection of Under 5 Children in Selected Rural Areas of Kanpur, U.P." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78524/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-among-mothers-regarding-prevention-of-acute-respiratory-tract-infection-of-under-5-children-in-selected-rural-areas-of-kanpur-up/richie-john

Zero tillage technology through wheat sowing is a special technique of establishing new crop without tillage and seedbed preparation. Wheat crop can be sown 10 15 days early as compared to conventional method of sowing. Paddy wheat cropping system is the pre dominant and most profitable cropping system and emerges as the major cropping system in the indo gangetic plains leading to the Green Revolution. Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh. The impact of zero till ferti seed drill, was carried out in an area of 36.3 ha at former’s fields of different three blocks, Jaswantnager, Basrahar and Barhpura of Etawah district by stratified multi stage random sampling design. Zero tillage implies planting crops in previously unprepared soil. It is also known as zero till, No tillage, direct seeding. This ancient practice continuous to be followed by formers in developing countries. The zero tillage technique also improved the soil environment for crop growth, reduces erosion, conserve time, energy and decrease the cost of farming. Finally, the adaption of zero tillage technology improves farmer’s profit and eventually contributes towards reducing poverty and keeping environment clean. However, the long term impact of this technology on food production, natural resources and linkages with poverty alleviation should be further explored. Prem Chand Yadav | Narendra Kumar Gupta | Renu Singh | Ashok Kumar Verma | Neeraj Singh "Impact of Sowing through Zero-till Ferti Seed Drill for Paddy-wheat Cropping Pattern in Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79754.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/79754/impact-of-sowing-through-zerotill-ferti-seed-drill-for-paddywheat-cropping-pattern-in-etawah-district-of-uttar-pradesh-india/prem-chand-yadav

This Study has been under taken to Assess the knowledge regarding mental illness among rural adults at Bhojpur Farrukhabad. A descriptive Design was adopted for this study. 70 samples participated in assessing the knowledge regarding mental illness among rural adults. To find the level of knowledge among rural adults chi square method was used. Findings reveals that majority of rural adults had average knowledge 71.6 and 32.7 with good knowledge. Ms. Rachana Yadav | Angel Massey | Swapnil Verma | Pooja Rajput | Jatan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Mental Illness among Rural Adults at Bhojpur Farrukhabad (Uttar Pradesh)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76197.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/76197/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-mental-illness-among-rural-adults-at-bhojpur-farrukhabad-uttar-pradesh/ms-rachana-yadav

The “smart workplace” is said to be a strategy to improve the working environment in a company or organization, to designate the new ways of organizing work, linked to the development of telecommuting and the hybrid office. The smart workplace concept is part of the more global notion of the “modern workplace.” This forms a dynamic and supportive environment that aims to make the most of human capital in a quickly evolving world of work, responding to a global trend towards increased mobility and flexibility. During the pandemic, this has been present but the trend is now accelerating and has even opened the way to new hybrid modes of work. In general, a smart workplace or intelligent workplace makes use of technology to connect and engage employees with their work environment, whatever it may be on site or remote work . In this case, workplaces are adapted to new ways of working by the use of technology and in particular digital tools. This paper presents the challenges, solutions, and benefits of smart workplace. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76192.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76192/smart-workplace/matthew-n-o-sadiku

China is developing maglev trains that can travel at speeds of up to 1,000 km h 621 mph . The trains make use of magnetic levitation to float above the ground, eliminating the need for wheels and brakes which could revolutionize travel in China. Some of the features are its speed, technology, light weight, and being environmentally friendly. Some examples are the Shanghai maglev train with the maximum cruising speed of 300 km h 186 mph , and the Vacuum tube maglev train with the speed of 623 kph in tests. The high speed rail HSR network in the People’s Republic of China PRC is the world’s longest and most extensively used. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200 380 km h 120 240 mph . The benefits include shortened travel times, improved safety and better facilitation of tourism, labor and mobility, as well as reducing highway congestion, accidents and greenhouse emissions as some automobile travelers switch from car use to rail. This leads to an estimated net benefit of approximately 378 billion, with an annual return on investment of 6.5 . This paper looks at the pros, cons, and the benefits of maglev trains in China. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Maglev Trains in China" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76258.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76258/maglev-trains-in-china/paul-a-adekunte

Monopoly is an inevitable result of the high concentration of production in free competition. The Anti Monopoly Law aims to regulate such a monopolistic state of highly concentrated economic power. However, in order to better develop the socialist market economy and form a modern economic society with both efficiency and fairness, Chinas Anti Monopoly Law also has an exemption system, which gives preferential treatment to some monopolistic behaviors of undertakings. Therefore, this paper takes the exemptions of monopoly agreements and concentrations of undertakings as examples to study and explore the characteristics and existing problems of the exemption system in Chinas Anti Monopoly Law, and further points out the development direction and improvement measures, hoping to establish a more perfect exemption system. Guo Zimo "On the Exemption System in Chinas Anti-Monopoly Law: Taking the Exemptions of Monopoly Agreements and Concentrations of Undertakings as Examples" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76195.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/76195/on-the-exemption-system-in-chinas-antimonopoly-law-taking-the-exemptions-of-monopoly-agreements-and-concentrations-of-undertakings-as-examples/guo-zimo

Todays supply chains are shaped by technologies that revolutionize efficiency, transparency, and decision making. The rapid evolution of technology in the supply chain industry has transformed how businesses operate. New technologies that turn raw data into information and knowledge are changing the way the firms operate. Emerging technologies in supply chain include artificial intelligence, robotic automation, drones, big data, 3D printing, the Internet of things IoT , blockchain, and predictive analytics. These technologies are improving supply chain efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing customer experience. The global supply chain is continually evolving to keep up with the current eras frenetic technical breakthroughs. This paper highlights the challenges and barriers in the adoption of emerging technologies in the supply chain industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in the Supply Chain Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76191.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76191/emerging-technologies-in-the-supply-chain-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem, has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine for centuries. In homoeopathy, its extracts are utilized to treat a wide range of health issues, from skin conditions and infections to inflammatory diseases and digestive disorders. This article delves into the homoeopathic applications of Azadirachta indica, exploring its historical significance, pharmacological properties, and clinical uses. We examine the remedys efficacy in addressing various symptoms and conditions, including acne, fever, arthritis, and parasitic infestations etc. By shedding light on the therapeutic potential of Azadirachta indica, this article aims to promote a deeper understanding of its benefits and encourage further research into its homoeopathic applications. Dr. Krupali Patel | Dr. Shailendra Bhamar | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "Healing with Neem : Unlocking the Power of Azadirachta Indica in Homoeopathy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76183.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/76183/healing-with-neem--unlocking-the-power-of-azadirachta-indica-in-homoeopathy/dr-krupali-patel

E Gas Rescuer and Notifier Aparna Mahakal | Rahul Sawant "E Gas Rescuer and Notifier" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76240.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/realtime-computing/76240/e-gas-rescuer-and-notifier/aparna-mahakal

A study was conducted to evaluate the adaptation and growth performance of four agroforestry tree species at Fedis and Meta districts, East Hararghe Zone, oromia for four years June 2018 June 2022 . Four multipurpose tree species Moringa stenophatala, Acacia albida, Acacia saligna and Casuirina equistifolia were tested in RCBD design with three replications. Data on growth parameters, plant height, survival rate and diameter were measured and recorded at interval of three months .Results revealed that there were highly significant p 0.05 variations among tree species in survival rate.. Among the species tasted, A. saligna, M. stenophatala, and A. albida, showed the highest performance followed by C. equistifolia in terms survival rate at Fedis condition. While M. stenophatala showed poor survival rate at the Meta condition. Poor survival rate might be attributed to the climate, soil type and agro ecology of the study area. Concerning of plant height, root collar diameter and DBH, A. saligna and C. equistifolia were showed good performance followed by M. stenophatala but A. albida were shoed poor performance at Fedis area. A. saligna and C. equistifolia were showed good performance in height growth, followed by A. albida and M. stenophatala at Meta site. A. saligna, A.albida, and C.equistifolia howed the highest mean survival rate at the study area. Hence it can be inferred that the conditions of Fedis and Meta matched with the environmental requirement of those tree species. On the other hand, species of M. stenophatala showed lowest performance at the Meta area. Accordingly, those tree species which had better performance were recommended for further demonstration in the study area and similar agro ecologies. Therefore planting of these better performing tree species and promotion as agroforestry practices were recommended for soil conservation, shading, and fuel wood and in general multifunction purposes in the area. Bira Cheneke | Musa Abdella | Robe Elema "Adaptation and Growth Performance of Selected Agroforestry Tree Species Under Fedis and Metta District Condition, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd75126.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/75126/adaptation-and-growth-performance-of-selected-agroforestry-tree-species-under-fedis-and-metta-district-condition-east-hararghe-zone-oromia-ethiopia/bira-cheneke

Among several agroforestry practices in Fedis District, East Hararghe zone, Parkland agroforestry practices are common. However, the beneficial effect of tree species on the grain yield and above ground biomass of Sorghum is very scarce to be used for improved agricultural productivity in the study area. The study was conducted with the objectives of investigating the effect of parkland trees on the grain yield and above ground biomass of Sorghum within and outside the trees canopy as influenced by the tree species in Fedis District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Accordingly, six isolated and nearly similar F. albida and C. africana trees of each species growing on similar site conditions were selected and the canopy coverage of each tree was divided into four radial transects. Radial distance based sorghum yield and biomass under the canopy, edge to canopy, and far from canopy was used and composite Sorghum yield and biomass samples from three horizontal distances were collected for analysis. Three plots from the tree trunk were established for assessing the sorghum yields and above ground biomass. The result show that the highest values of sorghum grain yield were 2089.51 and 1789.53 kg ha 1 under F. albida and C. africana respectively at the distance of 2.5 m away from the tree trunks and these values decreased to 1459.40 and 1266.01 kg ha 1 under F. albida and C. africana respectively, at the distance of 25 m away from the tree trunks. The mean biomass recorded at three different distances from the two tree trunks, were not differently significant statistically p 0.05 . In general, the result of analysis indicated that, decreasing pattern of mean sorgum grain yield and biomass as distance from tree trunk increases, for both F. albida and C. africana. The research finding showed that trees have positive relation with grain yield and above ground biomass of sorghum due letter fall. Hence, the growing of Faidherbia albida and Cordia africana trees on small holder farms improve crop productivity for improvement of this agroforestry system. Musa Abdella | Ayele Akuma "Impact of Parkland Trees (Faidherbia Albida Delile and Cordia Africana Lam) on Sorghum Yield in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd75125.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/75125/impact-of-parkland-trees-faidherbia-albida-delile-and-cordia-africana-lam-on-sorghum-yield-in-fedis-district-eastern-ethiopia/musa-abdella

Many unhealthy behaviours always start during adolescence and are a source of major health challenges. Adolescence substance abuse has impact on individuals, families, and communities. Most often, it contributes to social, physical, and psychological problems. Substance abuse among adolescents is a global problem and its prevalence is alarming. Its causes are numerous and varied. One of the causes of substance abuse among adolescents is availability. When substances are available, adolescents are motivated to consume them. It is important to seek ways to curb this ill that is threatening the welfare of Cameroonians. This study sets out to ascertain the extent to which availability of substances influence substance abuse among adolescents in urban schools in Cameroon, and to determine preventive strategies. The concurrent nested mixed method research design was used to carry out the study. The Simple Random sampling was adopted in the selection of public, mission and private schools from four regions of Cameroon. As a whole, 375 students. Were selected. Purposive sampling was used to select discipline masters and guidance counsellors. A questionnaire of 10 items was used to collect data from the students and an interview guide to collect data from the discipline masters and guidance counsellors. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using spearman rho test, through SPSS version 25.The findings showed that social media significantly predicted substance abuse among adolescent students R= 0.258 , P= 0.000 0.05 . Finally, findings showed that at zero order correlation when the preventive strategies were not involved in the correlation analysis, the coefficient value was 0.374 but, when the correlation was controlled by the preventive strategies, the coefficient value increased from 0.374 to 0.908 of almost a perfect relationship 1 . The study concluded that the social media influence drug abuse among adolescent students in urban schools in Cameroon. From the study it was recommended that research be carried out to determine the effects of drugs on students’ performance, health and the society. Chefuh Patricia Asoh | Prof. Joseph Lah Lo-oh | Prof. Bongwung Bruno "Availability of Substances and Preventive Strategies among Adolescent Students in Urban Schools in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76234.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/76234/availability-of-substances-and-preventive-strategies-among-adolescent-students-in-urban-schools-in-cameroon/chefuh-patricia-asoh

Over the past decades, Rwanda has adopted various agricultural extension strategies, transitioning from area based comprehensive package programs to modified training and visit systems. The most recent model, known as Twigire Muhinzi, aims to enhance participatory extension services. However, these approaches often rely on a standardized advisory system, applying a one size fits all method that disseminates uniform technological solutions and extension messages to all smallholder farmers.Agricultural extension services play a crucial role in knowledge transfer and the promotion of innovative farming technologies, contributing to increased productivity and sustainability. Traditional models often overlook the diverse ecological and socio economic conditions of farmers. This study explores the significance of customized agricultural extension services in Rwanda, highlighting their importance, implementation strategies, challenges, and advantages. Leveraging digital tools, participatory methods, and farmer centric models, tailored extension services can significantly improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.Employing a desk review methodology, this research synthesizes insights from academic literature, policy reports, and institutional strategies. Findings indicate strong governmental support, promising ICT driven initiatives, and organized farmer networks, yet challenges persist in terms of coordination and financial sustainability. Key recommendations include enhancing research integration, aligning policies, and strengthening capacity building efforts to ensure an effective and scalable agricultural extension framework. Dr. Manzi Rutayisire Antoine "Enhancing Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services in Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76235.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/76235/enhancing-agricultural-extension-and-advisory-services-in-rwanda/dr-manzi-rutayisire-antoine

Robotics and automation have developed as key technologies for supply chain management as a result of the increased demand for quicker and more effective supply chains. They improve supply chain management by lowering long haul expenses, boosting work and usage strength, reducing errors, declining repetitive stock checks, updating orchestrating, taking care of times, and assembling induction to the problematic and hazardous places. Autonomous robotics have the potential to improve operations, and they offer new opportunities to increase productivity, reduce risk, decrease cost, and improve data collection, particularly as customer expectations and volumes of packages, shipments, and orders reach unsustainable levels for traditional approaches. The recent developments in robotics and automation for supply chain are reviewed in this paper. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotics in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76237.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76237/robotics-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Drones are typically remotely controlled aircraft used for various purposes including surveillance, photography, search and rescue, and military operations. They have become an essential component of the supply chain industry due to their ability to transport goods and conduct inspections quickly and efficiently. They can assist in multiple points of the supply chain, assisting with both the land and air portions of delivery. Implementing drones into supply chains has been great, and drones are becoming quite popular. Companies are planning to use drone technology to simplify their supply chains. This paper explores the various uses of drone in the supply chain industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Drones in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76238.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76238/drones-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The integration of artificial intelligence AI and social science media is revolutionizing pharmacovigilance in the era of personalized medicine. This review article explores the applications of AI in pharmacovigilance, including adverse drug reaction detection, real time monitoring, and personalized medicine. Additionally, the role of social science media in patient engagement, data collection, and risk communication is examined. The article discusses the benefits and challenges of combining AI and social science media in pharmacovigilance, and highlights future directions for research and development. By leveraging these technologies, pharmacovigilance can be enhanced, and patient safety can be improved in the era of personalized medicine.Artificial intelligence AI is revolutionizing pharmacovigilance PV by enhancing the detection, assessment, and prevention of adverse drug reactions ADRs . This review examines how AI technologies – such as machine learning ML , natural language processing NLP , and big data analytics – tackle existing challenges in pharmacovigilance PV , including issues like underreporting, large data volumes, and inefficiencies in data processing. AI improves drug safety by automating data collection, enabling real time adverse event detection, and predicting potential risks, allowing for proactive risk management. Despite challenges in data quality, model interpretability, and regulatory compliance, AI’s role in PV is advancing rapidly, promising more efficient and accurate drug safety monitoring. A concise summary of the article touches on how artificial intelligence AI is transforming pharmacovigilance PV by enhancing the detection, analysis, and prediction of drug related adverse events. This review highlights the advancements AI brings to drug safety, such as enhancing efficiency, minimizing human error, and enabling real time analysis of massive datasets from diverse sources. Nisha Kokane | Khushi Patil | Durgesh Barhate | Srushti Pawar | Vaishnavi Deore "Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Social Media for Enhanced Pharmacovigilance in the Era of Personalized Medicine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76256.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76256/integrating-artificial-intelligence-and-social-media-for-enhanced-pharmacovigilance-in-the-era-of-personalized-medicine/nisha-kokane

Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In India, it is one of the leading causes of mortality among women accounting for 23.3 of all cancer deaths. India accounts for about 20 of cervical cancer cases reported from the world. More than three fourths of these patients are diagnosed in advanced stages leading to poor prospects of long term survival and cure. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with pap smear tests. The purpose of the study is to assess the awareness and risk factors of cancer cervix among women undergoing pap smear tests. Methods The present study adopted a nonexperimental explorative design. The total sample was 150. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples at IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. The tools used to collect the data were as follows 1. Demographic questionnaire, 2. Structured questionnaires based on awareness of cancer cervix, and 3. Structured questionnaire to assess the risk factors for cancer cervix. Data was collected by Questionnaire method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result A total of 150 women participated in the study and it was revealed that maximum participants had average knowledge 76 , 12.66 of the participants had poor knowledge where as 11.3 had good knowledge. Approximately, one third 36 of the participants had the highest risk factor. Association between level of knowledge and demographic variables depicts that there is significant statistical association found between knowledge level and age x2=16.009, p =0.002 . And association between level of risk of developing cervical cancer and demographic variables depicts that there is significant statistical association found between risk level and age x2 =9.891, p=0.017 , number of children x2=11.644 p=0.010 , present complain of pap smear test x2=17.327, p=0.001 . Conclusion The result of the present study concluded that there is a need to create awareness related to risk factors of cervical cancer in women undergoing pap smear tests. Dr. B. Gomathi | Asha Rani Mahto | Suchismita Mahanta | Suchismita Sahoo | Dr. Pravati Tripathy "Awareness and Risk Factors of Cancer Cervix among Women Undergoing Pap Smear Test" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76220.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/gynecology/76220/awareness-and-risk-factors-of-cancer-cervix-among-women-undergoing-pap-smear-test/dr-b-gomathi

The menstrual cycle is a normal and natural process, but many women present discomfort and problems which disturb their lives and routines. Some of these are breast tenderness, acne, bloating, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, tiredness and pre menstrual syndrome PMS . The percentage of effected woman ranges from source to source, anywhere from 20 to 80 . This number is probably due to estimations, as it is not likely that all women will seek out a doctor and get a diagnosis of PMS. Though the exact cause of the PMS is unknown, it can be influenced by several factors like hormonal imbalance, improper diet and lifestyle. These abnormal interactions excite the biological humour resulting imbalance in the body. Yogasanas have a vital impact on the endocrine glands to reach a state of balance or normalcy. Lifestyle modification is a pro active approach towards optimum health. Practice of regular Asanas like Makarasana, Shavasana, Pranayama, and meditation along with simple healthy life style changes including regular exercise and healthy diet are beneficial in preventing the premenstrual syndrome. Dr. Mandar R. Jadhav | Dr. Nupoor S. Banne | Dr. Gaurav Nalawade "Role of Yoga and Meditation in Preventing Premenstrual Syndrome and Hormonal Imbalances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76257.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76257/role-of-yoga-and-meditation-in-preventing-premenstrual-syndrome-and-hormonal-imbalances/dr-mandar-r-jadhav

Smart agriculture also referred to as digital, precision or climate smart agriculture or smart farming is the use of modern advanced technology to improve the efficiency, quality, productivity, and sustainability of agricultural practices. These are tools used to digitally collect, store, analyze, and share electronic data and or information in agriculture. Digital agriculture includes but is not limited to precision agriculture. However, unlike precision agriculture, digital agriculture impacts the entire agri food value chain – before, during, and after on farm production. Therefore, on farm technologies like yield mapping, GPS guidance systems, and variable rate application, fall under the domain of precision agriculture and digital agriculture. Under digital agriculture are e commerce platforms, e extension services, warehouse receipt systems, blockchain enabled food traceability systems, tractor rental apps, but not under precision agriculture. This paper dives into the pros, cons, benefits, and the future prospects of smart agriculture. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Agriculture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76262.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76262/smart-agriculture/paul-a-adekunte

The English poets, Owen and Sassoon, exposed the hypocrisies and lies in the romantic view of war. In South Asia Rabindranath had an idealistic view of humanity and was shocked at the progress of human civilization towards the destruction of mankind. Nazrul was in favour of fighting for liberty for one’s motherland, but he also knew the horrors of war from his first hand experience in the battle front. He came across both the moments of allurement and repulsion of the whole business of war, which find reflection in his writings. The focus of this paper is a realistic analysis of war and the soothing beauty of love as revealed in Rabindranath’s “Destruction” and Nazrul’s “Hena”. In other words, an attempt is made to bring to light the problematics of war in contrast to the positive forces of love and beauty as envisioned by Rabindranath and Nazrul. A qualitative analysis is made in keeping with the aim of this paper – to lay bare the anti war discourse in the chosen works of Rabindranath and Nazrul. The paper seeks to be a part of the ongoing discussion on anti war discourse finding meaning not in the destructive power of war but in the eternal and positive forces of beauty and love. Anwar Hossain "War and Love in Rabindranath’s “Destruction” and Nazruls “Hena”" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76218.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/76218/war-and-love-in-rabindranath’s-“destruction”-and-nazrul’s-“hena”/anwar-hossain

An enormous amount of data is generated tremendously every second within supply chain industry all over the world. Big data is an extensive compilation of information that standard data processing software finds challenging to manage. It refers to the vast amounts of data, structured and unstructured, that helps businesses to establish trends and patterns in human behavior and interactions. Big data has become a big business. Big data in supply chain refers to the vast amount of structured and unstructured data collected throughout various stages of a supply chain, which can be analyzed to improve operational efficiency, optimize inventory management, enhance demand forecasting, and make better data driven decisions. The role of big data in supply chain is pivotal in improving demand forecasting, inventory management, risk resilience, and personalized customer experiences. This paper explores how big data is widely optimized and managed in the supply chain industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76263.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76263/big-data-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This research paper explores global trends in change management and provides key insights for the year 2025. The study examines the evolving nature of organizational change, highlighting the increasing complexity and frequency of transformations across industries worldwide. Using the Capability for Change Survey 2024 as a primary case study, the study identifies key challenges, including leadership misalignment, resistance to change, resource constraints, and change fatigue. The paper explores emerging trends such as AI driven analytics, agile methodologies, change agile leadership, and the establishment of Change Management Centers of Excellence CoEs . Based on these insights, it provides strategic recommendations for organizations to enhance adaptability, improve employee engagement, and optimize change portfolios. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on change management by bridging the gap between theory and practice, offering actionable insights for businesses navigating a dynamic global environment. Raghunath Reddy Koilakonda | Melanie Franklin "Global Trends in Change Management: Insights and Key Takeaways for 2025" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76233.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/76233/global-trends-in-change-management-insights-and-key-takeaways-for-2025/raghunath-reddy-koilakonda

Cloud computing refers to the access and use of remote servers as opposed to in house servers to handle data. It has emerged as a powerful tool in revolutionizing supply chain management processes. The migration of supply chain processes to cloud computing is a strategy adopted by more and more businesses. By leveraging the cloud, companies can efficiently streamline their operations, enhance collaboration, and improve overall efficiency. With a cloud solution, buyers have access to information from different places and devices. Cloud computing provides a reliable and scalable infrastructure to store and process the vast amounts of data generated in the supply chain. The competitive advantages of the supply chain cloud for your supply chain are too significant to ignore. The main purpose of this paper is to explore various uses of cloud computing in the supply chain industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76270.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76270/cloud-computing-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

An enormous amount of data is generated tremendously every second within supply chain industry all over the world. Big data is an extensive compilation of information that standard data processing software finds challenging to manage. It refers to the vast amounts of data, structured and unstructured, that helps businesses to establish trends and patterns in human behavior and interactions. Big data has become a big business. Big data in supply chain refers to the vast amount of structured and unstructured data collected throughout various stages of a supply chain, which can be analyzed to improve operational efficiency, optimize inventory management, enhance demand forecasting, and make better data driven decisions. The role of big data in supply chain is pivotal in improving demand forecasting, inventory management, risk resilience, and personalized customer experiences. This paper explores how big data is widely optimized and managed in the supply chain industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76263.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76263/big-data-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This research paper explores global trends in change management and provides key insights for the year 2025. The study examines the evolving nature of organizational change, highlighting the increasing complexity and frequency of transformations across industries worldwide. Using the Capability for Change Survey 2024 as a primary case study, the study identifies key challenges, including leadership misalignment, resistance to change, resource constraints, and change fatigue. The paper explores emerging trends such as AI driven analytics, agile methodologies, change agile leadership, and the establishment of Change Management Centers of Excellence CoEs . Based on these insights, it provides strategic recommendations for organizations to enhance adaptability, improve employee engagement, and optimize change portfolios. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on change management by bridging the gap between theory and practice, offering actionable insights for businesses navigating a dynamic global environment. Raghunath Reddy Koilakonda | Melanie Franklin "Global Trends in Change Management: Insights and Key Takeaways for 2025" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76233.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/76233/global-trends-in-change-management-insights-and-key-takeaways-for-2025/raghunath-reddy-koilakonda

Internet of things IoT is a network of automated smart enabled devices communicating with one another without human input. In essence, the IoT connects devices to the Internet. IoT is really catching on to the supply chain industry. Statistics and expectations confirm the growing popularity of IoT adoption in supply chain efforts. The Internet of things IoT is a solution capable of automating supply chain processes, offering better visibility and control, optimizing inventory, and enabling predictive maintenance. IoT solutions can help significantly optimize supply chain management and logistics processes, bringing in the transparency and cost effectiveness that cannot be achieved otherwise. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of IoT in supply chain. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76264.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76264/internet-of-things-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This paper presents a novel machine learning pipeline tailored for proactive cyber defense within high stakes military networks, addressing the pressing need to detect and neutralize sophisticated threats such as Distributed Denial of Service DDoS attacks in near real time. Our approach begins with a mathematically rigorous anomaly detection framework, constructed on the premise that normal network traffic follows an identifiable statistical distribution, deviations from which can serve as early indicators of malicious behavior. By exploiting deep neural architectures—specifically autoencoders enhanced with domain specific heuristics—our pipeline learns complex traffic patterns, encompassing both high volume and subtle “low and slow” attack methodologies. A core component of our methodology involves deriving explicit theoretical bounds for detection accuracy and false alarm rates, ensuring that defense operators can calibrate the system according to mission critical thresholds. Neelesh Mungoli "AI-Driven Cybersecurity for Defense Networks: A Mathematical Approach with DDoS Attack Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76306.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/76306/aidriven-cybersecurity-for-defense-networks-a-mathematical-approach-with-ddos-attack-analysis/neelesh-mungoli

3D printing is a process which uses a three dimensional digital model to create a physical object by adding many thin layers of material in succession in order to produce finished goods. The term “additive manufacturing” is used to explain this principle. With 3D printing technology, a design file can transform directly to a product, skipping many traditional manufacturing steps. Various types of technologies are applied to create complex designs and customizable products on an individual basis with less effort than traditional manufacturing processes. The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of 3D printing technology on supply chain. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "3D Printing in Supply Chain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76271.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76271/3d-printing-in-supply-chain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In this paper, we delve into the pressing need for robust, secure communications under the severe conditions posed by extreme space weather events, notably solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Such phenomena can dramatically compromise terrestrial and satellite based links through electromagnetic interference, sudden ionospheric changes, and partial hardware failures. Traditional cryptographic and error correction schemes often focus on algorithmic security or moderate noise environments but do not comprehensively address the potential for intense, transient disruptions capable of overwhelming standard channel models. Our approach leverages quantum inspired algorithms mathematically grounded techniques inspired by quantum principles yet implementable on classical hardware to achieve a dual objective maintaining high levels of cryptographic security while tolerating sporadic but substantial spikes in noise. Neelesh Mungoli "Quantum-Inspired Algorithms for Secure Communications under Extreme Solar Phenomena" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76307.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/76307/quantuminspired-algorithms-for-secure-communications-under-extreme-solar-phenomena/neelesh-mungoli

This present study was done under the topic “A Quasi experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of biblotherapy on self esteem among adolescents in MBD School Journa, Morena” Objectives of the study are to assess the pretest knowledge regarding pretest and post test score of self esteem among adolescents, to construct the bibliotherapy on self esteem, to findout the effectivess of bibliotherapy on self esteem of experimental group, to findout the association between pretest self esteem with selected demographic variables. The conceptual framework was done based on Ernestine Wiedenbach helping art of clinical nursing theory. To accomplish the objectives of the study, quantitative research with quasi experimental design was adopted. In this study, the sample consists of 60 adolescents from MBD school, Journa, Morena who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. The simple random sampling technique was used for this study. A structured Socio demographic variable, and Rosenberg self esteem scale used for data collection. Section A was socio demographic data, and the section –B was Rosenberg self esteem scale used for data collection. Pilot study was conducted on self esteem among adolescents of selected school from 01 August 2021 to 31 August 2021to assess the tools feasibility and it was found to be feasible to collect the required information. For the main study the data collected from 01 November 2021 to 30 November 2021 from adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The collected data was tabulated according to various parameters and the complete analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics. Study revealed that In experimental group All category samples are 20 each, Male 50 and female 50 , Most of the participants belongs to 12th class 36.7 , Most of the participants belongs to joint family 63.3 Most of samples father had primary education 33.3 , Most of samples father had primary education 36.7 , most of the participants family income is less than 5000Rs 43.3 , most of the participants had either no siblings ot 1 sibling 33.3 , in control group All category samples are 20 each, Male 50 and female 50 , Most of the participants belongs to 12th class 36.7 , Most of the participants belongs to joint family 63.3 , Most of samples father had secondary education 33.3 , Most of samples father had no formal education 36.7 , most of the participants family income is less than 5000Rs 40 , most of the participants had 1 sibling 33.3 . In experimental group pretest 18 participants had low self esteem, 9 had normal self esteem and only 3 had high self esteem. And in post test 18 participants had normal self esteem, 12 had high self esteem. In control group pretest 15 participants had low self esteem, 13 had normal self esteem and only 2 had high self esteem. And in post test 15 participants had low self esteem, 13 had normal self esteem, only 3 had high self esteem. To find out the effectiveness of bibliotherapy on self esteem among experimental group using paired t test, the obtained value was 12.06 which was higher than table value of 2.0 at 0.05 level of significance hence hypotheses 1 was accepted ie there is a significant difference between pretest and post test self esteem score among the adolescents. It means bibliotherapy was effective to improve self esteem level among the experimental group participants. The calculated chi square value revealed that pretest self esteem had No significant association with any one of selected demographic variables, hence hypotheses 2 was rejected. There was no significant association with pretest self esteem of participant with selected demographic variables. Dityanshi Srivastava "Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy on Self Esteem among Adolescents in MBD School Journa Morena" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76310.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/76310/effectiveness-of-bibliotherapy-on-self-esteem-among-adolescents-in-mbd-school-journa-morena/dityanshi-srivastava

Research into the creation of effective extraction methods and the thorough examination of their phytochemical profiles has increased due to the growing interest in medicinal plants as sources of bioactive chemicals. The several extraction strategies used to separate the bioactive components from medicinal plants are examined in this article. These include solvent based, supercritical fluid extraction, as well as more recent approaches like microwave assisted and ultrasonic assisted extraction. Each methods advantages, disadvantages, and ideal circumstances are examined critically, with a focus on how they affect yield, purity, and the preservation of bioactive substances. The review also explores the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical study of medicinal plants, emphasising the identification and measurement of secondary metabolites using spectroscopic, chromatographic, and spectrometric methods. The significance of standardization and quality control in the examination of medicinal plant extracts is addressed, along with their possible therapeutic uses. In conclusion, the review offers an extensive summary of contemporary trends in the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants, highlighting the necessity for ongoing innovation to improve the effectiveness and safety of plant derived treatments. Vasundhara Dhanaraj Bhandare | Dr. DP Kardile "A Review on Extraction Techniques and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76275.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76275/a-review-on-extraction-techniques-and-phytochemical-analysis-of-medicinal-plants/vasundhara-dhanaraj-bhandare

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to WHO, Adolescence girls, is identified as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from age 10 19. Averagely, the cycle is about 28 days and the period lasts for 3 5 days. Menstrual hygiene practice can be influenced by the quality of information gathered, cultural and religious beliefs, environmental factors like location, and race. According to Ammula Ratha, Menstruation is a normal physiological process that occurs in females during their reproductive age. The onset of menstruation is at puberty. There is no definite definition of menstrual hygiene, however on a breakdown, hygiene can be defined as those condition and activities that promote and preserve health while menstruation can be defined as the cyclical shedding of the inner lining of the uterus the endometrium under the control of hormones of the hypothalamo pituitary axis. Girls usually get to their stage of puberty between age 8 and age 13 about two and a half years after a girl’s breast develops, she usually experiences her first periods. Mrs. Sony Verma | Mrs. Monika Bhushan "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Factor Affecting Menstrual Hygiene Among the Adolescent Girls in Selected Schools at Etawah" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76267.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/76267/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-factor-affecting-menstrual-hygiene-among-the-adolescent-girls-in-selected-schools-at-etawah/mrs-sony-verma

In this work, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning DRL agent architecture for fully autonomous UAV control that fuses real time sensor fusion with advanced multi objective reward shaping to achieve robust flight dynamics under varied environmental conditions. We begin by defining the system’s decision making process as a partially observable Markov decision process POMDP , wherein the UAV’s state space encapsulates high dimensional sensor inputs, including LIDAR point clouds, inertial measurement unit IMU data, and geospatial telemetry, while the agent’s action space is composed of continuous motor velocity commands. Our learning algorithm employs a hierarchical policy gradient method with parallelizable sub policies dedicated to tasks such as obstacle avoidance, trajectory planning, and energy conservation. Each sub policy is trained using a variant of proximal policy optimization PPO that is adapted to dynamic flight constraints through Lagrangian relaxation techniques and enforced via real time on policy updates. Neelesh Mungoli "A Reinforcement Learning Agent for UAV Control: Mathematical Foundations, Implementation, and Human-vs-AI Benchmarking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76308.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/76308/a-reinforcement-learning-agent-for-uav-control-mathematical-foundations-implementation-and-humanvsai-benchmarking/neelesh-mungoli

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common troublesome micro vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is clinically present in 50 of all diabetic patients. The prevalence of neuropathy is related to age, duration of diabetes and the quality of metabolic control.Prameha is one of the maharoga, due to chronicity attains upadrava avastha. DPN is vata pradhana Tridoshaja vyadhi. Lakshanas of DPN are attributed to Avaranajanya Dhatukshayaja samprapti of madhumeha.here in this study 40 patient were taken, made into 2 groups and treated with panchatiktha takrdhara followed by group A treated with somavalkala kashaya niruha basti, group B with kantakantaka panchamoola niruha basti in kala basti format.both group have got stasticaly significant results. Dr. Haravi Madhu Parameshwara | Dr. Shilpashree | Dr. Rajesh Sugur "A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Takradhara Followed by Somavalkala Kashaya Siddha Kala Basti and Takradhara Followed" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76322.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76322/a-comparative-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-takradhara-followed-by-somavalkala-kashaya-siddha-kala-basti-and-takradhara-followed/dr-haravi-madhu-parameshwara

Self dependent India or Atmanivar Bharat is one the most upcoming policies to sketch Indias future. Most of the traditional knowledge followed by the rural people are becoming very relevant nowadays. Such ITK Indigenous Traditional Knowledge can shape a new nation from different angles like economic, environmental, social and cultural. The Assam by its favourable climatic conditions with abundant annual rainfall and a good amount of alluvial soil in the riverine tracts offers excellent scope for cultivation of jute. The area under jute during 1951 52 was 1.23 lakh has which was only 4 per cent of the gross sown area of Assam. After extraction of fibre, the left over is called jute stick which have multipurpose use. The main objectives of this paper are to examine the traditional use of jute stick in their day to day life. The information regarding jute stick management was collected from different jute growing zones of Assam through personnel interview etc. jute crop is mostly grown in Brahmaputra valley of Assam. Farmers use the sticks as staking material in vegetable field, as fencing, as a wall in houses, as ceiling material and most importantly as fuel wood. It is estimated that about 4 to 5 tons of jute sticks per hectare is produced from jute cultivation. There is also a scope of innovative use of jute sticks such as bricks, crockery, cutlery and dinnerware. In addition, jute sticks are potential raw materials for production of particle board, and paper boards. However, in Assam this process is not adopted commercially. There is a scope for commercial use of jute sticks with innovative ideas. This will create diversified demand for raw jute and enable farmers to earn extra income. Munmee Charingia | Dhiren Tamuli "Jute Stick Management in Assam: Unveiling Traditional Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76309.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/76309/jute-stick-management-in-assam-unveiling-traditional-knowledge-systems-for-sustainable-development/munmee-charingia

Background Obstetrical emergencies are life threatening medical conditions that Occur in pregnancy or during or after delivery. It is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, comprising 46 of worldwide maternal mortality. Active and appropriate management by health care personnel during perinatal period may result in decrease mortality and morbidity. Aim The study aimed to assess knowledge and practice on management of obstetrical emergencies among staff nurses. Methodology A quantitative descriptive correlational design was adopted for this study. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used to drawn 80 Staff Nurses working in 16 conveniently selected health centers under Sipajhar Block PHC and Patharighat Block PHC, Darrang, Assam Tools for data collection The data were collected through structured self administered questionnaire and inventory practice check list. Data were analysed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The result of the study showed that majority i.e. 42 52.50 of the subjects had moderate knowledge on management of obstetrical emergencies, with over all mean13.2 and SD 3.623 whereas majority i.e.39 48.8 of the respondents had moderate practice with over all mean 9.54 and SD 2.899. Study findings revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between knowledge score and practice score, significant at r 0.911, n=80, p= 0.001. Conclusion The study concludes that most of the subjects had moderate knowledge and practice on management of obstetrical emergencies. It further established a strong positive correlation between knowledge and practice of staff nurses. It inferred that due to lack of adequate knowledge, staff nurses practice had affected. The study indicated that there is a need to conduct training, workshop, seminar, awareness and educational program periodically on management of obstetrical emergencies to enhance knowledge and practice of staff nurses. Bhanupriya Deka "Knowledge and Practice on Management of Obstetrical Emergencies Among Staff Nurses Working Under Selected Health Centers of Darrang District, Assam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76319.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76319/knowledge-and-practice-on-management-of-obstetrical-emergencies-among-staff-nurses-working-under-selected-health-centers-of-darrang-district-assam/bhanupriya-deka

Kamala is a Pittaja Nanatmaja and Raktapradoshaja Vikara. Charakacharya considered Kamala as advanced stage of Pandu Roga. Sushrutacharya and Vagbhatacharya considered Kamala as separate disease and also may be due to further complication of Panduroga. The main Signs and symptoms of kamala are haridra netra , twak, nakha, peeta shakrut mutra, dourbalya, aruchi etc. On the basis of similarity of signs and symptoms like yellowish discolouration of skin haridraTwak , Sclera Netra , Urine peeta Mutra , Stool peeta Purisha it can be correlated with jaundice HYPRBILIRUBINEMIA . The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40, 000 per 100, 000 individuals of intensive care unit patients. The causes of jaundice is both due to jaundice as the primary reason for ICU stay or as a morbidity to an underlying disease i.e. sepsis .Men have an increased prevalence of alcoholic and non alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B, malignancy of pancreas, or sclerosing cholangitis. In contrast, women demonstrate higher rates of gallbladder stones, primary biliary cirrhosis, and gallbladder cancer. In all the above said disorders jaundice is one of the main symptom.Ayurveda literature clearly explained pathology, treatment of Kamala Vyadhi such as Snehapana, virechana, nasya, anjan and shamanoushadi according to the avastha of the vyadhi, which shows the specificity of Ayurveda. This article revolves around the causative factor , pathology, and its management .An attempt has been made to find out likely solutions for kamala through Panchakarma. Dr. Nisarga | Dr. Doddabasayya | Dr. Shilpa Sree. K "Conceptual Study of Kamala and Understanding the Role of Panchakarma in Kamala W.S.R to Jaundice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76320.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76320/conceptual-study-of-kamala-and-understanding-the-role-of-panchakarma-in-kamala-wsr-to-jaundice/dr-nisarga

Dyslipidemia are generally characterized clinically by increased plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or both, variably accompanied by reduced level of HDL cholesterol. In Ayurveda, Dyslipidemia can be correlated to Medoroga, based on same etiological factors and pathogenesis. Involvement of Kapha is invariable associated with kupita Vata and dusta Medas. Here in this study, 40 patients diagnosed as Medoroga were subjected to Udwartana with Musta aragwadadhi choorna, Deepana pachana with Musta choorna, Vamana with Madanaphala pippali yoga and virechana with Haritakyadi lehya. Statistically significant results were seen in both subjective and objective parameters. Dr. Nisarga | Dr. Doddabasayya | Dr. Shilpa Sree. K "A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Musta Aragwadhadi Choorna Udwartana Followed by Vamana and Musta Aragwadhadi Choorna Udwartana Followed" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76321.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76321/a-comparative-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-musta-aragwadhadi-choorna-udwartana-followed-by-vamana-and-musta-aragwadhadi-choorna-udwartana-followed/dr-nisarga

Infertility is defined as failure to conceive within one or more years of regular unprotected coitus,essential factors are required for the fertility those are rutu kshetra ambu beeja. Among these any abnormality disturbance in the beeja ovum follicle result into vandhyatwa reduced AMH secretion low AMH indicates low ovarian reserve and poor quality of follicle.low AMH indicates that there is a low ovarian reserve that means that the number of eggs in the ovaries reduced.herein this study ,30patients with vandhyatwa w.r.s AMH were subjected to depana pachana with trikatu choorna snehapana with shatavarighrita, virechana with murchita eranda taila followed by uttarabasti with shatavari ghrita. statistically significant results were seen in both subjective and objective parameters. M. Kavita | Rajesh Sugur | Khandade Manisha Naganath "A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Effect of Virechanottora Uttarabasti with Shatavari Ghrita Followed by Shatapushpa Churna in Vandhyatva W.S.R. to Low AMH" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76324.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76324/a-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-effect-of-virechanottora-uttarabasti-with-shatavari-ghrita-followed-by-shatapushpa-churna-in-vandhyatva-wsr-to-low-amh/m-kavita

Vyanga or melasma is one of the skin disease of Hyperpigmentation. It’s one among Kshudra Roga characterised by niruja, tanu, shyava varna mandala occurring on the face. While considering the pathogenesis of vyanga, Pitta and rakta effect each other due to ashraya ashrayi bhava along with vata causing pigmentation over face. Melasma is asymptomatic, Acquired chronic condition with hyperpigmented macular lesion that develops, slowly over the, Cheeks, nose, forehead, chin, above lip area. Hyperpigmentation is mainly due to increased melanocyte activity in the skin. In this study Nasya with Manjistadi taila in group A and Nasya with Yastimadhu taila in Group B followed by Arjunadi Lepa. Manjista is having property of varnya and rakataprasadaka. Where as Yastimadhu being varnya and vatapittashamaka hence it brings dosha to normal state. Arjunadi lepa contain arjun twak, Manjista and Vrusha which are predominant in Kashaya rasa and being pittashamaka and raktaprasadaka in action, with these inherent properties it helps in the management of vyanga. Dr. Poojashree | Dr. Doddabasayya | Dr. Shilpashree. K "A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Manjistadi Taila Nasya and Yastimadhu Taila Nasya Followed by the Arjunadi Lepa in the Management of Vyanga W. S. R to Melasma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76323.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76323/a-comparative-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-manjistadi-taila-nasya-and-yastimadhu-taila-nasya-followed-by-the-arjunadi-lepa-in-the-management-of-vyanga-w-s-r-to-melasma/dr-poojashree

Kushta is considered as one among the Ashta Mahagadas in classics. Vipadika Kushta is mentioned as one among the eleven Kshudra kushta, with the predominance of Vata Kapha dosha Vipadika is characterized by Sphutanam cracking either in palms or soles or in both with Teevra Vedana1. Vata due to its khara and ruksha guna causes symptoms like Sphutana cracks and Teevra Vedana severe pain . Kapha by its snigdha and guru guna causes Kandu severe itching and thickness of the skin. Vipadika is correlated with palmoplantar psoriasis which is a chronic skin disease mainly affects palms and sole region. In present case report a patient with complaint of dryness, scaling, itching and cracking of both soles associated with pain since 2 years, was treated with Shodana Virechana and Shamana Aushadhis, has shown a significant result. Shodhana helps remove the root cause of the disease and prevents recurrence. M. Kavita | Rajesh Sugur | Khandade Manisha Naganath "Management of Vipadika through Shodhana and Shamana: A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76326.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76326/management-of-vipadika-through-shodhana-and-shamana-a-case-study/m-kavita

Benign prostate hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of prostate which usually occurs after 50 years, usually between 60 and 70 year. Mutragranthi is a disease of mutravahasrotas, one among the 12 types of mootraghata disorders elaborated by sushruta. Mutragranthi, as described in ayurveda, closely resembles benign prostatic hyperplasia bph of modern medicine in its signs and symptoms. Due to the medical and surgical complications while treating the disease, an ayurvedic approach in the management of bph is required. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of varunad gana siddha kala basti followed by mustadi kalka in the management of bph. Dr. Rishi Raj Khare | Dr. Rajesh Sugur | Dr. Doddabasayya | Dr. Shilpashree. K "A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Varunadi Gana Siddha Kala Basti Followed by Mustadi Kalka Yoga in the Management of Mutragranthi with Special Reference to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76331.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76331/a-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-varunadi-gana-siddha-kala-basti-followed-by-mustadi-kalka-yoga-in-the-management-of-mutragranthi-with-special-reference-to-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/dr-rishi-raj-khare

Tribes are a world indigenous people in India. And they are dynamic and adapt in their very nature of tribal society to the shift in an individual’s social status from one status to another status and General and other section of tribal society. In the phase of transition, tribes are always mobilized in culture, religion, region, social, economic, and polity etc. Social movement among Indian tribal people, The Ho is the indigenous people of India. Among the main tribes of Jharkhand and Odisha, the Ho tribe is Proto Australoid based. “Horo” is the primary meaning for the name Ho, which means people. Anthropologists documented that Ho, belonging to the community of Kol, Kolha. Munda. They are the origin of the Ho goes back to the classification of the Caucasian group. The Ho communication medium is part of the proto Munda language. Language was used symbolically through the daily object used in households. They are also known as ‘Kolha’ in Odisha communities and known as Ho in Jharkhand. The native place of ‘Ho’ is Kolhan of Jharkhand. Over a while, they move all across the neighbouring states. Some anthropologist and sociologist. Sujit Bandia | Sabitri Munda "Economic Empowerment and Social Mobility among the HO Tribe in Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76274.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/76274/economic-empowerment-and-social-mobility-among-the-ho-tribe-in-odisha/sujit-bandia

Emerging technologies are rapidly transforming the legal field in areas like document review, contract management, and client interaction, offering increased efficiency and access to justice. From artificial intelligence to blockchain, emerging technologies promise to revolutionize industries and drive innovation. More than ever, law firms are now leveraging technology advancements to increase efficiency, optimize their bottom line, and improve client satisfaction. The emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence AI , blockchain, the Internet of Things IoT , big data, and cloud computing are set to have a huge impact on the legal environment. They have ushered in a revolution among industries, especially the legal industry. They are reshaping the world and the practice of law at large. In this paper, we examine the impact of emerging technologies in legal practice. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in the Law Field" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78348.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78348/emerging-technologies-in-the-law-field/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Aims and ObjectivesTo study rheumatological manifestations in patients infected with HIV with regards to prevalence, pattern of involvement, correlation of various types of rheumatological syndromes with the grades of HIV infection and pattern of laboratory investigationsMethod This study was conducted over a period of 6 months at Sassoon general hospital, Pune. A total of 100 HIV patients presenting with rheumatological complaints were enrolled in this study and analysed regarding clinical, laboratory and radiological features and disease activity score 28 was calculated. Results There were 68 males and 32 females and Male to female ratio was 2.1 1. 78 cases were in age group of 20 to 50 yrs that was sexually active group. A total of 75 patients were in HIV stage 3 and 4 indicating high incidence of rheumatic manifestations with progression of HIV disease. The mean CD4 count was 264 mm3 and 62 patient had CD4 between 200 to 499 mm3.The commonest rheumatic manifestation found was arthralgia 45 , while other common manifestations found in decreasing frequency were Arthritis 17 , myopathy 10 , spondyloarthropathy 9 , vasculitis 8 , painful articular syndrome 2 , Reiter’s arthritis 3 , psoriatic arthritis 2 , septic arthritis 2 and rheumatoid arthritis 2 cases. A raised ESR was seen in 81 patients and raised CRP in 78 patients. Commonest radiological abnormality seen was soft tissue swelling and erosive changes of articular surface 11.1 . Arthritis due to varying aetiology in HIV patient usually has moderate disease activity as per DAS 28 ESR score hence it is less noticed by physicians.Conclusion Physician should look for rheumatological manifestations in HIV, distinguish them from classic rheumatic diseases and do timely intervention to prevent disability and deformity and to improve the quality of life. Dr. Rahul Majahan "Rheumatological Manifestations in Patients Infected with HIV - A Clinical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76325.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/76325/rheumatological-manifestations-in-patients-infected-with-hiv--a-clinical-study/dr-rahul-majahan

Background Klaibya is one among the shukrapradoshaja vikara1 occurs due to vitiation of shukra dhatu, results into unable to perform sexual act and unable to produce progeny. Charakacharya mentioned samanya klaibya lakshanas as Sankalpapravano nityam priyaam vashyamapi streeyam, lingasaithilya, svasarta, swinnagatrata, moghasankalpachesta, mlanashishnata and nirbeeja2. Erectile dysfunction ED is inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual intercourse. It has connection with psychological problems. Incidence might project significantly to over 320 million by the year 20253. Contemporary Medicine had limited role in the management. Objectives To evaluate the combined efficacy of Virechanottara, Murchita Tilatailayukta uttarabasti and Kokilakshadi churna in the management of Klaibya. Methods The present study subject was given with Shunti churna for amapachana followed by snehapana with murchita Tilataila in arohana krama until samyak snigdha lakshanas were attained, sarvanga abhyanga with Murchita Tila Taila and bashpa sweda was carried out for 3days then Mridu Virechana is administered with Murchita erandataila, after samsarjana karma Uttara Basti is administered for 9 days alternatively 3 sitting followed by kokilakshadi churna is used as shamanaoushadi for 15 days. Results Moderate improvement in mlana shishnata and linga shaitilya, orgasm. Testosterone, FSH, LH, IIEF shown moderate improvement. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated that virechanottara, murchita tilatailayuktha uttarabasti is effective in managing dhatukshyajanya Klaibya. Dr. Uday Kumar V K | Dr. Rajesh Sugur | Dr. Doddabasayya | Dr. Shilpashree. K "Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Virechanottara, Murchita Tilatailayuktha Uttarabasti Followed by Kokilakshadi Churna in the Management of Klaibya W.S.R to Erectile Dysfunction - A Single Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76330.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76330/evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-virechanottara-murchita-tilatailayuktha-uttarabasti-followed-by-kokilakshadi-churna-in-the-management-of-klaibya-wsr-to-erectile-dysfunction-a-single-case-study/dr-uday-kumar-v-k

This study investigates the performance of Maximum Likelihood Estimation MLE and Least Squares LS methods in estimating the parameters of Weibull distribution using various sample sizes. The bias and Mean Squared Error MSE of both methods are calculated to assess their precision and reliability using simulated data. The results indicate that both MLE and LS exhibit noticeable biases and higher MSE values for small sample sizes n = 10 , with MLE consistently offering more accurate estimates than LS. As sample sizes increase n = 10, 30, 50, 100, 150 , both methods show improved performance, with bias and MSE values converging towards zero. The MLE method, in particular, demonstrates superior efficiency, consistently providing lower bias and MSE across all sample sizes and parameter values. This study highlights the importance of sample size in parameter estimation and suggests that MLE is a more reliable method for estimating Weibull distribution parameters, particularly as the sample size increases. Ilesanmi A. O. | Odukoya E. A. | Aladejana A. E. "Maximum Likelihood and Least Square Estimation Methods for Weibull Distribution: Simulation Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76164.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/76164/maximum-likelihood-and-least-square-estimation-methods-for-weibull-distribution-simulation-study/ilesanmi-a-o

Low altitude economy has become an important industry field of global concern. How to promote the development of low altitude economy varies among different countries. This article takes China, which has made significant progress in the field of low altitude economy, as the research object, and explores the path and risks of Chinas private economy participating in the development of low altitude economy. Zhang Yunshan | Zhong Yuan "Research on Risk Identification and Prevention of Private Enterprises Participation in Low altitude Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76341.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/76341/research-on-risk-identification-and-prevention-of-private-enterprises-participation-in-low-altitude-economy/zhang-yunshan

Shukra Dusthi is qualitative and quantitative reduction of shukra dhatu. Ashta Shukradushti Lakshana can be correlated with the Semenogram based on doshik involvement. Shukra kshaya, Shukravaha srotodusti and Mano doshas are the prime factors involved in the pathogenesis. Shukradushti can be corelated with reduction in Sperm count, sperm motility and Sperm Morphology due to vitiation of Vata pradhana tridoshas. Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is combination of three abnormal seminal parameters i.e Oligozoospermia which is Reduced sperm count less than 15million ml or 39 million Ejaculate. Asthenospermia, reduced sperm motility progressive motility and sluggish Motility less than 40 and Teratoozoospermia is reduced percentage of Normal Sperm Morphology less than 5 , when all the three semen parameters are Reduced in quantity it can be said as OAT Syndrome. In the context of shukra dusthi, treatment with Brimhana treatments like Basti, vrushya, Rasayana is much highlighted and considered as the best in managing shukra dusthi condition. So in the present study Basti is selected in the form of Vrushya basti, Bilwadi niruha basti and Musalyadi vrushya yoga. Also, it is easy for the patient to undergo treatment and carry out their daily routine and offers very limited restrictions to follow. The objectives of this study is to assess the efficacy of Vrushya basti and Bilwadi niruha basti followed by Musalyadi vrushya yoga and to review critically on aetio pathology, Roga Rogi Pareeksha and diagnosis of Shukra Dusthi Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia as per Ayurveda and modern literature. Dr. Hanumanta H | Dr. Doddabasayya Kendadmath "A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Combined Efficacy of Vrushya Basti and Bilwadi Niruha Basti Followed by Musalyadi Churna in the Management of Shukradusti W.S.R. to Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76335.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76335/a-comparative-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-combined-efficacy-of-vrushya-basti-and-bilwadi-niruha-basti-followed-by-musalyadi-churna-in-the-management-of-shukradusti-wsr-to-oligoasthenoteratozoospermia/dr-hanumanta-h

Higher education has long been regarded as a critical driver of social mobility and economic development. This paper explores the multifaceted role of higher education in fostering upward social mobility, reducing inequality, and contributing to economic growth. By analyzing empirical data, theoretical frameworks, and case studies, this research highlights the mechanisms through which higher education influences individual and societal outcomes. The paper also addresses challenges such as accessibility, affordability, and the quality of education, offering policy recommendations to maximize the benefits of higher education for social and economic progress. Mr. Shaikh Mateen Latif "The Role of Higher Education in Social Mobility and Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76302.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/76302/the-role-of-higher-education-in-social-mobility-and-economic-development/mr-shaikh-mateen-latif

In developed countries, public transportation systems, including buses, trains, subways, and trams, are important for efficient urban mobility and economic development, with many cities prioritizing their expansion and integration. Public transportation in developed countries is a well established cum essential component of urban infrastructure that is providing millions of people with safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly transportation. High quality public transportation must need to have comprehensive networks, integrated services, and smart technologies. This comes with some economic, environmental and social benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas GHG emissions, increased productivity, and improved mobility. The futuristic directions for public transportation in developed countries are to include the adoption of sustainable technologies, mobility as a service MaaS , and smart infrastructure. The paper delves into the benefits, challenges and future trends to public transportation in developed countries. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Public Transportation in Developed Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78350.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78350/public-transportation-in-developed-countries/paul-a-adekunte

A power system is to supply reasonable level of reliable, qualitative electricity supply to its customers in an acceptable price. Reasonable level is one balancing the need for power supply and the cost involved. An effective way to solving this issue is by the use of quantitative assessment of the reliability indices based on the probability of availability and unavailability of supply. The unavailability of supply an interruption in the supply of electricity brings in economic impacts for both the customers and the utilities. Customer interruption mean the loss of service due to a forced outage for more than five minutes, for one or more customers, which is the result of one or more failures. Therefore, cost of interruption is evaluated as a basic parameter of economic evaluation in the process of increasing the power system reliability. Reliability of distribution network is an important subject due to increasing demand for more reliable service with less interruption frequency and duration. This paper presents the main cause of power interruption, evaluate the cost of customer interruption by IEEE 1366 2012 guideline distribution reliability indices, and compare the interruption cost of various utility sectors without and with distributed generation DG . Nyein Nyein Chan | Tin Tin Htay "Economic Analysis of Electricity Interruption with Distribution System Reliability Enhancement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76269.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/76269/economic-analysis-of-electricity-interruption-with-distribution-system-reliability-enhancement/nyein-nyein-chan

Introduction Abdominal surgery is a very common surgical procedure. Early ambulation is an important component of postoperative care after abdominal. Non randomized control group design was used. Purposive sampling technique is used to select 60 subject. The interview method using self structured knowledge questionnaire. The pre test of Subjects 30 each in control group was taken and after few days post test was taken. In control I group maximum 89.3 had below average pre test knowledge and none of them had good knowledge. After giving teaching programme maximum 60 no. of subject had excellent knowledge and 30 had good knowledge. Richa Sharma | Aman Kumar "A Study on Knowledge and Impact of Modified Early Ambulation on Activities of Daily Living, Functional Activity Among the Patient After Abdominal Surgery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76342.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/76342/a-study-on-knowledge-and-impact-of-modified-early-ambulation-on-activities-of-daily-living-functional-activity-among-the-patient-after-abdominal-surgery/richa-sharma

In the context of the digital age, while the platform economy is booming, there are also monopolistic situations such as monopolistic agreements among operators, abuse of market dominant positions, excessive concentration of operators, and data monopolies. There are also many difficulties in determining platform monopolistic behaviors. At the regulatory level, there are dilemmas such as an imperfect legal and regulatory system, fragmented supervision, and insufficient technical capabilities of regulatory authorities. In response to this, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures from four aspects updating legislative concepts, optimizing relevant determination methods, promoting dynamic and coordinated supervision, and achieving digital supervision through technological empowerment. The aim is to effectively regulate monopolistic behaviors in the platform economy and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the economic society. Guo Zimo "Research on Anti - monopoly Regulation of Platform Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76304.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/76304/research-on-anti--monopoly-regulation-of-platform-economy/guo-zimo

Public transportation in developing countries is faced with myriad of problems and challenges such as low quality services, high costs, and insufficient coverage but is very crucial for mobility, accessibility, and sustainability, most especially with increasing urbanization, population, and environmental concerns. Transportation is crucial for both economic and social development of nations. It is also a major contributor to greenhouse gas GHG emissions, for which there is the urgent need for a paradigm shift towards a holistic approach that integrates transport with economic and social considerations, particularly for low and middle income countries LMICs . Developing countries must support the pursuit of green and resilient transport by starting with the importance of setting climate goals, and develop their own path to Paris Align transport. The paper looks into the challenges to public transportation in developing countries faced by commuters, government, and private investors, with an attempt to proffer viable solutions. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Public Transportation in Developing Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76344.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76344/public-transportation-in-developing-countries/paul-a-adekunte

Web 3.0, or web3, is the vision for the third generation of the internet the world wide web which is based on decentralization, blockchain, other modern technologies, and token based economics. The use of web3 is to make the internet more open, secure, efficient, transparent, creating a more immersive and personalized web experience. Web 3.0, also known as the “Internet of Value” gives users more control over their data and offering more autonomy by removing intermediaries and creating an environment based on the principles of transparency, security and privacy. The paper looks into the concepts, pros, cons, benefits, and the challenges cum solutions to web 3.0, as well as its future prospect. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Web 3.0" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76345.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/76345/web-30/paul-a-adekunte

The central nervous system CNS depends on microglial proton channels to maintain cellular homeostasis, regulate pH balance, and modulate inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of these channels has been linked to a number of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, and ischemic stroke. In this study, we used a systematic screening assay to find a novel modulator for microglial proton channels. A diverse chemical library was screened to determine its effects on proton channel activity in microglial cells, and our results show a promising lead compound that selectively modulates proton channel function without endangering cell viability. In this work, we used a systematic screening assay to find a novel modulator for microglial proton channels. The effects of a chemically varied small molecule library on microglial cell proton channel function were evaluated through screening. Without endangering cell viability or producing cytotoxic effects, the most promising candidate chemical demonstrated strong and specific modulation of proton channel activity. The chemical successfully changed microglial activation states, decreased excessive proton flux, and impacted downstream signalling pathways linked to inflammation, according to additional electrophysiological and molecular investigations. Taiba Nafis | Mr. Ashvani Kumar "Identification of a Novel Modulator for Microglial Proton Channel Using a Screening Assay" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76328.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/76328/identification-of-a-novel-modulator-for-microglial-proton-channel-using-a-screening-assay/taiba-nafis

Background Skin diseases affect nearly 900 million people worldwide, with Kitibha Kushta, classified under Kshudra Kushta, resembling psoriasis in modern medicine. Psoriasis, an immune mediated disorder, affects 3.59 million people in India and 125 million globally, with increasing prevalence. It significantly impacts physical, emotional, and socio economic well being. Ahara diet is a key factor in Ayurveda, and Viruddha Ahara incompatible diet is considered a major cause of diseases, including Kushta. Among its types, Samyoga Viruddha Ahara, a combination of incompatible foods, rapidly provokes Doshas and requires attention due to its potential health risks. Objectives To Develop and validate a questionnaire on Samyoga Viruddha Ahara in Kitibha Kushta and To Assess its role in the manifestation of Kitibha Kushta. Methodology A case control study was conducted at SDM College of Ayurveda, Hassan, with 60 Kitibha Kushta patients cases and 60 healthy individuals controls . Data was collected using a validated questionnaire, assessing dietary history and the role of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara. Result Samyoga Viruddha Ahara were found statistically significant and were considered to have risk of association with Kitibha Kushta. Conclusion The study concludes that Samyoga Viruddha has a significant association with Kitibha Kushta. Dr. Shruti | Dr. Nandesh Mohan P | Dr. Tapas Bratha Tripathy | Dr. Saranya K "Case Control Study to Assess Role of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara in Kitibha Kushta" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76334.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/76334/case-control-study-to-assess-role-of-samyoga-viruddha-ahara-in-kitibha-kushta/dr-shruti

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, and socio emotional transformations. This study evaluates the efficacy of structured life skills interventions in enhancing psychological resilience, self esteem, and emotional regulation among adolescent college students. Conducted in Chennai, this quasi experimental study engaged 100 participants in interactive psycho educational activities designed to strengthen intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies. Findings indicate statistically significant improvements in self esteem, emotional regulation, and social competence, reinforcing the necessity of integrating life skills training into higher education curricula. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the role of life skills interventions in fostering holistic well being and psychological adaptability NIMHANS, 2022 ICSSR, 2023 . Dr. Priscilla M. Dhanaraj | Dr. Narasingam Arunagirinathan "The Impact of Life Skills Interventions on Psychological Well-being and Self-Esteem among Adolescent College Students: A Counselling Psychology Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78349.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/78349/the-impact-of-life-skills-interventions-on-psychological-wellbeing-and-selfesteem-among-adolescent-college-students-a-counselling-psychology-perspective/dr-priscilla-m-dhanaraj

Medical devices are becoming smarter, but so are cyber threats. Hospitals rely on connected technologies pacemakers, insulin pumps, ventilators yet many lack basic security protections. Attackers exploit unpatched software, weak authentication, and unsecured data transmissions, turning life saving equipment into potential weapons. The consequences range from ransomware induced system failures to life threatening device manipulation. Regulations exist, but enforcement remains inconsistent, leaving gaps in security. This paper examines cyber risks in medical devices, identifying key vulnerabilities and real world incidents. It explores AI driven threat detection, blockchain authentication, and zero trust frameworks as emerging solutions. Case studies highlight both devastating breaches and successful security implementations. The research underscores the urgency of proactive security measures, emphasizing the role of manufacturers, hospitals, and regulators in closing cybersecurity gaps. Without immediate action, healthcare remains an easy target. Cybersecurity in medical devices is no longer optional it is a matter of patient safety. Saurabhkumar I. Bhatt "Cybersecurity Risks in Connected Medical Devices: Mitigating Threats to Patient Safety" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78351.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78351/cybersecurity-risks-in-connected-medical-devices-mitigating-threats-to-patient-safety/saurabhkumar-i-bhatt

This research focuses on the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of a five level inverter, a crucial component in modern power electronic systems. Multilevel inverters have gained widespread attention due to their ability to generate higher voltage levels with improved output waveform quality compared to conventional two level inverters. These inverters play a vital role in applications such as renewable energy integration, high voltage DC HVDC transmission, and industrial motor drives. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the working principles, design considerations, control methodologies, and advantages of multilevel inverters. The research also investigates different modulation techniques and their impact on efficiency, power quality, and harmonic reduction. Experimental results and simulations are analyzed to validate the performance of the proposed inverter topology. The findings of this study contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable power electronic systems, addressing the growing demands of modern power grids and industrial applications. Manisha Muvel | C. K. Tiwari | Dr. Jay Tiwari | Dr. Dev Kumar Rai "Performance analysis of Power Electronic Circuit for Multilevel Inverter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78357.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/78357/performance-analysis-of-power-electronic-circuit-for-multilevel-inverter/manisha-muvel

Drug is a major problem in India, and there is a large body of literature in India and the West devoted to understanding the marital dynamics involved in drinking and determining the negative effects that drug can have on a spouses personality and function. Drug is a condition that develops over time and is frequently fatal. It is not a symptom of another sickness or emotional issue, but rather a distinct ailment. A persons size, weight, age, and sex, as well as the amount of food and alcohol ingested, all influence the effects of drug use. Even at low doses, drug can impair judgment and coordination dramatically. Drug in small to moderate dosages can potentially raise the risk of cancer. Low to moderate amounts of drug can enhance the likelihood of a number of aggressive behaviours, such as domestic violence and child abuse. Drug has a negative impact on not just an individuals physical health, but also on the people around him. Drug is linked to a shattered family role, a breakdown in family communication, as well as physical and mental disorders. Methodology of Study The current study used a descriptive research design and probability sampling as the sampling method. To obtain data from parents for this study, the researcher used a basic random sampling lottery procedure. An interview schedule was used to acquire a sample size of 60 people. Ms. G. Lourds Shammine | Mrs. Nivetha M "“A Study on Social Support and Level of Depression among Drug Addicts” with Special Reference to Coimbatore Districts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78352.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/78352/“a-study-on-social-support-and-level-of-depression-among-drug-addicts”-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-districts/ms-g-lourds-shammine

The global electric power infrastructure, largely based on century old principles, is undergoing a paradigm shift to accommodate high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and emerging technologies. Traditional electric grids composed of synchronous generators, transformers, and AC transmission lines, rely on fundamental control techniques such as grid synchronization, load frequency control, and voltage reactive power compensation. However, these conventional systems face challenges in maintaining stability and efficiency due to increasing energy demands and the integration of distributed energy resources. This paper explores the role of power electronics in shaping future electric power grids, from generation to consumption. It discusses advanced Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS , smart grids, and the impact of quantum dot computing and wireless communication in grid modernization. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges of implementing grid level power electronics, including efficiency, cost, and operational reliability. The transition to next generation electric power networks will require fundamental advancements in power electronics, intelligent control systems, and real time monitoring technologies. Mukundsinh Rana "Analysis of Multilevel Inverters in High-Power Applications: The Transformative Role of Power Electronics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78358.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/78358/analysis-of-multilevel-inverters-in-highpower-applications-the-transformative-role-of-power-electronics/mukundsinh-rana

The enforcement of protective measures, such as wearing face masks, has become essential in mitigating the spread of airborne diseases. Traditional methods of monitoring compliance can be labor intensive and inefficient, leading to the need for automated solutions. Artificial intelligence AI and machine learning ML have emerged as effective tools for real time face mask detection, improving efficiency and accuracy in public safety enforcement. This study presents the development and deployment of an intelligent system that utilizes deep learning techniques for mask detection in various environmental conditions. The proposed model is trained on diverse datasets, ensuring robustness against variations in lighting, occlusion, and mask types. By integrating convolutional neural networks CNNs and computer vision, the system accurately classifies individuals as masked or unmasked in real time video streams. The research discusses model architecture, data pre processing, and implementation strategies while addressing key challenges such as false detections and performance optimization. The findings demonstrate the potential of AI driven surveillance systems in promoting adherence to health regulations, reducing manual monitoring efforts, and enhancing public safety. Future advancements may focus on improving accuracy, optimizing computational efficiency, and integrating additional features such as thermal screening and voice alerts for broader applications. Mansi Puri | Manisha Kadam "Deep Learning-Based Face Mask Recognition: A Smart Solution for Health Compliance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78359.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/78359/deep-learningbased-face-mask-recognition-a-smart-solution-for-health-compliance/mansi-puri

This study investigated the diversity and functional properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria LAB isolated from rice based fermented foods collected across four districts of West Bengal. Twenty samples were analyzed, resulting in the isolation of 45 LAB strains. The isolation process involved serial dilution, plating on MRS agar, and incubation under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. Colonies were selected based on morphology, Gram staining, and catalase tests. Biochemical characterization, including sugar fermentation, was performed for identification. Functional properties, specifically acid production, amylase, and protease activities, were quantified.The study revealed significant microbial diversity across the districts. Paschim Medinipur yielded Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus acidilactici. Purba Medinipur isolates included Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus. Bankura showed dominance of Lactococcus lactis, along with Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc citreum. Jhargram strains were identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella cibaria.Lactic acid production varied among the strains and over time 24, 48, and 72 hours . Lactobacillus delbrueckii from Jhargram consistently exhibited the highest lactic acid production. Amylase and protease activities also varied, with Lactobacillus delbrueckii demonstrating the highest amylase and protease activities. These enzymatic activities contribute to the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins, influencing the properties of fermented foods.The findings highlighted the diverse functional attributes of LAB in these traditional foods, underscoring their importance in fermentation efficiency, flavor development, and food preservation. This study provided a baseline for further research into the specific mechanisms and optimization of these beneficial microbial activities. Papiya Ghorai Manna | Dr. Kamal Kant Patra | Dr. Asha Mishra | Dr. Keshamma E "Analysis of the Functional Properties of Isolated LAB Strains Present in Rice Based Fermented Foods of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78360.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78360/analysis-of-the-functional-properties-of-isolated-lab-strains-present-in-rice-based-fermented-foods-of-west-bengal/papiya-ghorai-manna

Transportation has a significant economic, social, and environmental impact on society. It accounts for major impact on the environment. Green transportation, also known as sustainable transportation, encompasses all environmentally friendly modes of transportation. It involves efficient and effective use of resources, modification of the transport infrastructure, and making healthier travel choices. Energy ef cient transportation system helps to achieve the goal of smart and green cities. Green transportation systems are introduced worldwide to reduce carbon emissions. This paper presents the concept, characteristics, modes, strategies, benefits, and challenges of green transportation. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku | Benedict A Oteniya "Green Transportation: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78365.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78365/green-transportation-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

A virtual legal assistant VLA is a skilled professional who provides remote assistance to legal practitioners and law firms. They provide remote administrative, technical, and legal support to lawyers or law firms, handling tasks like document management, scheduling, client communication, and legal research, freeing up attorneys for core legal work. VLAs are transforming the legal industry by bringing a new level of efficiency and expertise. With a rapid development of law firms, legal virtual assistants have been in much demand because they play a major role in analyzing significant legal documents, drafting various contracts and agreements for the company, handling different case laws, managing the paperwork of the firm, etc. This article examine how virtual legal assistants improve productivity and free up legal professionals to concentrate on what they do best. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Virtual Legal Assistant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78381.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78381/virtual-legal-assistant/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Mobility as as service MaaS is a term used to describe digital transport service platforms that allow users to access, pay for, and get real time information on a variety of public and private transportation options. It refers to a concept where users can access various transportation options through a single digital platform. MaaS delivers a one stop shop for all transportation needs by combining various modes of transportation, such as public transport, ridesharing, peer to peer rentals, and e bikes scooters into one unified platform. It is revolutionizing transportation by offering integrated, seamless, and user centric mobility solutions. MaaS platforms leverage technology to integrate various modes of transportation, providing users with a comprehensive and convenient mobility experience. This paper provides an overview of mobility as a service MaaS , a consumer centric model of people transportation. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku | Benedict A Oteniya "Mobility-as-a-Service: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78366.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78366/mobilityasaservice-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Yemeni conflict, involving the Houthis, Iran, and the Saudi led coalition, represents one of the most complex geopolitical crises in the Middle East. This research article examines whether the conflict is primarily a proxy war between regional powers Saudi Arabia and Iran or an internal struggle rooted in Yemen’s political, social, and economic grievances. The paper explores the historical rise of the Houthis, their relationship with Iran, and the motivations behind Saudi Arabia’s intervention. It further analyses how ideological and sectarian factors, external interventions, and regional power struggles have shaped the conflict. The findings indicate that while external actors have played a significant role in escalating the war, the conflict remains deeply rooted in Yemen’s internal political fragmentation, governance failures, and socio economic inequalities. The study draws lessons on the nature of proxy wars and internal conflicts in the broader Middle Eastern context, offering policy recommendations for peacebuilding, regional stability, and conflict resolution. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Houthis, Iran, and the Saudi-Yemen Conflict: A Proxy War or Internal Struggle?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/78354/houthis-iran-and-the-saudiyemen-conflict-a-proxy-war-or-internal-struggle/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Fluoride contamination in freshwater ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental issue, primarily due to industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and natural sources such as mineral weathering. While fluoride is essential in trace amounts, excessive concentrations 1.5 mg L lead to toxicity in aquatic organisms, causing skeletal deformities, oxidative stress, and reproductive impairments. Fish, amphibians, and invertebrates exhibit growth retardation, neurological disorders, and enzyme inhibition when exposed to elevated fluoride levels. Conventional remediation methods, such as chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis, are effective but costly and environmentally unsustainable. In contrast, bio remediation microbial degradation , phytoremediation aquatic plants , and adsorption based filtration biochar, clay minerals, and nanotechnology provide cost effective and eco friendly solutions. Comparative analysis indicates that nanotechnology based methods achieve the highest fluoride removal efficiency 95 , while bioremediation and phytoremediation are more sustainable for long term applications. A comprehensive mitigation strategy integrating scientific innovation, policy intervention, and community participation is essential for effective fluoride management. Strengthening industrial regulations, promoting sustainable agriculture, and implementing affordable filtration systems can significantly reduce fluoride pollution in water bodies. Public awareness programs and continuous water quality monitoring further enhance risk mitigation efforts. Future research should focus on hybrid remediation approaches, combining biological and nanomaterial based techniques for enhanced efficiency and sustainability. By adopting a multi disciplinary approach, fluoride toxicity can be controlled, ensuring the protection of aquatic biodiversity and safe water access for human populations. Dr. Rajesh Verma | Sachin Kumar Akela "Fluoride Toxicity in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Sustainable Approach to Mitigation and Remediation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76340.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/76340/fluoride-toxicity-in-freshwater-ecosystems-a-sustainable-approach-to-mitigation-and-remediation/dr-rajesh-verma

Reduced bone mineral density and an elevated risk of fracture are the hallmarks of osteoporosis, a common skeletal condition. Although alendronate, a bisphosphonate, is frequently used to treat osteoporosis, oral administration of this medication is linked to gastrointestinal adverse effects and limited absorption. The objective of this research is to create and assess a nanoemulsion loaded with alendronate in order to improve drug permeability, bioavailability. Nanoemulsions small droplet size, great solubility, and enhanced stability make them a promising medication delivery method. In order to maximize the properties of the nanoemulsion, the formulation procedure entails choosing the right oil, surfactant, and co surfactant. The created nanoemulsion is assessed according to its stability, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and particle size. Ex vivo and in vitro investigations evaluate the effectiveness of skin penetration and medication release characteristics. This nanoemulsion based approach has the potential to improve osteoporosis care, lessen side effects, and increase patient adherence by addressing the drawbacks of traditional oral alendronate therapy. The results of the study help create new, patient friendly drug delivery strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. Ankit Singh | Mr. Jiyaul Hak | Dr. Divya Pathak "Formulation and Evaluation of Alendronate-Loaded Nano Emulsion for Osteoporosis Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78347.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/78347/formulation-and-evaluation-of-alendronateloaded-nano-emulsion-for-osteoporosis-management/ankit-singh

This study details the outcomes of efforts made by stakeholders to adopt school management, teachers, community and ministry parent’s involvement programs in order to improve student behavior and school discipline. This study has been conducted at primary schools, in Kandal province in Cambodia. Data were collected through interview to explore participants’ perception on student behavior and school discipline. Using data from primary schools, analyses show the percentage of students who misbehavior, of the prior rates of discipline in the schools, the more school management and community involvement programs were implemented, the less students were disciplined by being sent to the principals offices, given detention, or suspended from class. The two types of involvement that are most correlated with a decrease in the percentage of pupils who require school discipline are parenting and volunteering. Additionally, schools with better stakeholders programs reported having fewer pupils who needed to be disciplined. Qualitative methods are used for data analysis. The findings imply that there are few stakeholders work as volunteering to improve student behavior and school discipline. Hai Sophan | Dr. Chanphirun Sam | Dr. Leangseng Hoy "Stakeholders Involvement in Improving Student Behavior and School Discipline in Primary Schools in Cambodia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78369.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78369/stakeholders’-involvement-in-improving-student-behavior-and-school-discipline-in-primary-schools-in-cambodia/hai-sophan

This study examined the impact of tax reform on economic development in Nigeria. The study used a quantitative method which involves the analysis of secondary data on the influence of tax policy changes on economic growth in Nigeria and the impact of tax administration efficiency on income distribution in Nigeria. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 40 tax officers working with Federal Inland Revenue Services FIRS . This study adopted a descriptive research design. The study employed purposive sampling to select participants who have significant knowledge or experience in tax administration and policy. Frequency and percentage rating was used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that most respondents accepted that tax policy changes influence economic growth in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that there is positive impact of tax administration efficiency on income distribution in Nigeria. The study recommended that policymakers should ensure that tax reforms are carefully designed to stimulate economic growth by providing targeted incentives that attract foreign direct investment and promote business expansion. Efforts should be made to increase transparency and fairness in tax administration processes to build public trust and ensure equitable income distribution. Obalakumo, Anderson Pereowei | Bekeboh, Emotongha Baff | Grace Johnsinger | Akenge, Josephine Ikpemi "Tax Reform and Economic Development: Evidence from Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76301.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/76301/tax-reform-and-economic-development-evidence-from-nigeria/obalakumo-anderson-pereowei

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. Infertility is one of the most common PCOS symptoms. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a problem in which a womans hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. PCOS also may cause unwanted changes in the way you look. If it isnt treated, over time it can lead to serious health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease. Prevalence The prevalence of PCOS depends on the choice of diagnostic criteria. The World Health Organization estimates that it affects 116 million women worldwide as of 2010 3.4 of women . One community based prevalence study using the Rotterdam criteria found that about 18 of women had PCOS, and that 70 of them were previously undiagnosed. Discussion Effectiveness of Apis Mellifica in Polycystic Ovarian Disorder is more as it has minimum aggravation, high dynamic power, it can be repeated at short interval, its action is very quick in disease condition. A careful analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of Apis Mellifica in the treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Disorder. Demands an in depth study on the circumstances and conditions which led Dr. Hahnemann to promote and propagate this scale of potency as the ‘most perfected one’ for treatment of disease. Dr. Anupama Tiwari | Dr. Vivek Kumar "Importance of Apis Mellifica in Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76346.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/76346/importance-of-apis-mellifica-in-management-of-polycystic-ovarian-syndrome/dr-anupama-tiwari

Cloud computing is the future of the next generation computing systems in the world. Cloud technology is one of the globally recognized emerging technologies in the new millennium that are most likely to change people’s lives. Organizations with not enough resources to build their own infrastructure can now take advantage of the cloud services to suit their specific needs. Cloud computing is transforming industries, and the legal sector is no exception. Cloud computing in law refers to the legal framework and regulations governing the use of cloud services, encompassing data privacy, security, intellectual property, and jurisdictional issues. The era of cloud computing has just begun, and the time is soon approaching when the use of physical memory devices will become obsolete. This paper considers how cloud computing is revolutionizing legal practice. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in the Legal Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78382.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78382/cloud-computing-in-the-legal-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Smart transportation also known as Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS is the application of advanced sensor, computer, electronics, and communication technologies, and management strategies in an integrated manner to improve the safety and efficiency of the surface transportation system. In other words, smart transportation leverages on advanced technology, such as the Internet of Things IoT , artificial intelligence AI , and data analytics to enhance transportation by improving traffic management, safety, and efficiency, ultimately aiming to create smarter, more sustainable, and user friendly transportation networks. The paper examines the benefits, challenges, solutions and the future prospects of intelligent transportation systems for the use of humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Transportation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78432.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78432/smart-transportation/paul-a-adekunte

Repetitive behaviors, limited interests, and ongoing social communication impairments are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder ASD , a complex and diverse neurodevelopmental disorder. Although evidence suggests a multifaceted genesis combining genetic, epigenetic, neurological, and environmental variables, the precise etiology of ASD is still unknown. The pathogenesis of the condition has been influenced by developments in neurobiology, which have shown anomalies in immune system function, neurotransmitter control, and brain connectivity. Behavioral tests like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ADOS and the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised ADI R are used in traditional ASD diagnosis. To improve diagnostic accuracy, AI driven models that include facial recognition, speech analysis, and eye tracking are being created. Behavioral interventions Applied Behavior Analysis, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , pharmaceutical techniques antipsychotics, oxytocin based therapies , and supportive therapies occupational therapy, speech therapy are examples of contemporary therapeutic approaches. Precision medicine, microbiome targeted therapies, and neurotechnological developments such virtual reality based social training and transcranial magnetic stimulation have all emerged as viable approaches to managing ASD in recent years. Vishal Kumar | Ms. Roshan Zehra "A Review on Autism Spectrum Disorder: Advances in Neurobiology, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78367.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/78367/a-review-on-autism-spectrum-disorder-advances-in-neurobiology-diagnosis-and-emerging-therapeutic-strategies/vishal-kumar

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR was employed to analyze the chemical composition of pharmaceutical drugs, their labels, and packaging materials. The study examined three drug samples Allergin, Bioflex, and Cofex , along with their respective packaging containers and labels, to identify functional groups that contribute to their structural properties and pharmacological behavior. The FTIR spectra of Allergin revealed the presence of hydroxyl OH at 3260 cm ¹, nitrile C=N at 2113 cm ¹, amine NH at 1640 cm ¹, and alkyl CH groups, indicating a complex molecular structure. Bioflex showed characteristic amine NH absorption at 3335 cm ¹ and a sharp nitrile C=N peak at 2110 cm ¹, suggesting a simpler but bioactive composition. Cofex exhibited strong carboxyl COOH stretching at 1760 cm ¹ and nitrile C=N at 2124 cm ¹, indicating possible ester or acid anhydride components. The FTIR analysis of packaging materials identified polyethylene terephthalate PET , polypropylene PP , and other polymeric compounds, with strong C=O 1719 cm ¹ , C H 2959 cm ¹ , and C O 1167 cm ¹ stretching bands. These findings highlight the significance of FTIR in quality control, drug formulation validation, and packaging material assessment, ensuring pharmaceutical safety and effectiveness. M. B Nkachukwu | P. O Okwuego | C. O Ifeakor | V. O Offiah "Spectroscopic Analysis of Leachables and Extractables from Selected Pharmaceutical Packaging: Assessing Ink and Adhesive Migration in Drug Labels and Containers in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78425.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78425/spectroscopic-analysis-of-leachables-and-extractables-from-selected-pharmaceutical-packaging-assessing-ink-and-adhesive-migration-in-drug-labels-and-containers-in-nigeria/m-b-nkachukwu

Children are precious possession of the family, community, and country. A child is precious and beautiful source of joy and happiness focus of love and care subject of dreams for the future. Children represent the wealth of the country the childs health is the corner stone of the national progress. Adequate nutrition during infancy is vital to a healthy start in life. As per the guidelines of WHO, Infant and Young Child Feeding IYCF an infant should be breastfeed for the first six months of birth and thereafter semisolid and solid food need to be introduced soon while breastfeeding. Miss Rakhi, 2023 1 The human milk alone, even in reasonable quantities cannot provide all the energy and protein required for maintaining an adequate velocity of growth for infant, after the age 6month.adequate nutrition is essential to maintain optimal health of baby at the of 6 month as in first year of life infant undergone rapid growth and development, where good nutrition is essential. There is no right age when a baby should be weaned. Weaning too early may cause baby at higher risk of developing disorder and adverse reaction and allergy to certain foods. On the other hand, weaning too late may deprive adequate nutrition and can result in improper growth and development. The introduction of solid food to infants diets, known as complementary feeding, is a significant milestone that has nutritional, developmental and health implications. This period, known as weaning in the United Kingdom UK , should ideally provide a gradual transition from a solely milk based diet to a mixed diet based on family foods. Complementary feeding enables infants to meet their nutritional requirements and regulate their appetite, whilst becoming exposed to new tastes and textures in a staged and progressive manner. The World Health Organization WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding until six months, with introduction of solid food at six months. So, a quantitative descriptive research approach and design was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding weaning among mothers. A total sample of 100 mothers was taken through purposive sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Data collected is analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.Conclusion Findings of the study revealed that out of 100 mothers, 1 mothers had good level of knowledge, 33 had average level of knowledge and 66 had below average level of knowledge. Study concluded that most of the mothers had below average level of knowledge. Dr. Parminder Kaur "Knowledge Regarding Weaning among Mothers of Infants in Selected Hospital of Jalalabad, Fazilka: A Descriptive Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78431.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78431/knowledge-regarding-weaning-among-mothers-of-infants-in-selected-hospital-of-jalalabad-fazilka-a-descriptive-study/dr-parminder-kaur

Archana Nayak is a familiar name in the world of Oriya literature of the Northern seventy period. As a narrator, she has shown due respect for the past. she is also aware of her moral responsibilities. In many stories of her, the female character is the main character, the intuition of the female mind, the pain of life, the hope, the desire, and the potential of dreams are depicted in her works. she has felt the pain of a womans life in her heart and illustrate it very strongly in her story. she was born in 1942 in Madanpur, a village in Baluga area near Chilika. she was known as a brilliant student during her studies in famous educational institutions in the city of Cuttack. she started teaching in a government college after securing the first rank in the first class in the Department of Odia, she is known as a great teacher and beloved to her students. she is also know as story author, novelist, literary critic, dramatist, lyricist and translator. The scope of her words extends from the soil to the invisible world of the distant sky. As we immerse ourselves in her stories it reveals the heart of a sensuous lover with all the gentle, simple and harmonious contemplativeness. her short story collections, novels, essays, plays, poetry translations and children’s literature have been published. Dr. Sarala Swain "Archana Nayak’s Aranya Abhisar: A Glimpse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78454.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78454/archana-nayak’s-aranya-abhisar-a-glimpse/dr-sarala-swain

Research on the Influencing Factors and Optimization Path of Rural Tourism Brand Based on Grounded Theory A Case Study of Yaji in Fudi Jie Zhao | Siyuan Zhang | Ruomeng Zhao | Xinyu Zhou | Miaohan Xu "Research on the Influencing Factors and Optimization Path of Rural Tourism Brand Based on Grounded Theory: A Case Study of Yaji in Fudi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78396.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/78396/research-on-the-influencing-factors-and-optimization-path-of-rural-tourism-brand-based-on-grounded-theory-a-case-study-of-yaji-in-fudi/jie-zhao

Spastic cerebral palsy CP is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain during early development, leading to spasticity, impaired movement, and motor coordination challenges. Often, spastic CP is accompanied by Global Developmental Delay GDD , a condition characterized by delays in multiple areas of development, including motor, cognitive, language, and social skills. Conventional medical treatments typically focus on symptom management, yet complementary therapies like Ayurveda and Physiotherapy can play a crucial role in improving functional outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for affected children. This case study explores the integrative approach of Ayurveda and Physiotherapy for managing spastic CP associated with GDD, highlighting the combination of traditional healing practices and modern rehabilitation techniques in promoting holistic development. Dr. Joshi Hardik Hasmukhbhai | Dr. Vaghasiya Krupali Jaydeepbhai "A Case Study on the Approaches of Ayurveda and Physiotherapy in Treating Spastic Cerebral Palsy Associated with Global Developmental Delay" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78458.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/78458/a-case-study-on-the-approaches-of-ayurveda-and-physiotherapy-in-treating-spastic-cerebral-palsy-associated-with-global-developmental-delay/dr-joshi-hardik-hasmukhbhai

Spastic cerebral palsy CP is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain during early development, leading to spasticity, impaired movement, and motor coordination challenges. Often, spastic CP is accompanied by Global Developmental Delay GDD , a condition characterized by delays in multiple areas of development, including motor, cognitive, language, and social skills. Conventional medical treatments typically focus on symptom management, yet complementary therapies like Ayurveda and Physiotherapy can play a crucial role in improving functional outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for affected children. This case study explores the integrative approach of Ayurveda and Physiotherapy for managing spastic CP associated with GDD, highlighting the combination of traditional healing practices and modern rehabilitation techniques in promoting holistic development. Dr. Joshi Hardik Hasmukhbhai | Dr. Vaghasiya Krupali Jaydeepbhai "A Case Study on the Approaches of Ayurveda and Physiotherapy in Treating Spastic Cerebral Palsy Associated with Global Developmental Delay" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78458.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/78458/a-case-study-on-the-approaches-of-ayurveda-and-physiotherapy-in-treating-spastic-cerebral-palsy-associated-with-global-developmental-delay/dr-joshi-hardik-hasmukhbhai

The National Education Policy NEP 2020 introduces a transformative approach to Indias education system, focusing on holistic development and nurturing critical thinking among students. This policy moves away from the traditional emphasis on academic achievement alone, aiming instead at the overall growth of individuals—intellectually, emotionally, socially, and physically.At the core of NEP 2020 is the belief that education should be multidimensional. It should not only focus on cognitive skills but also encourage creativity, life skills, and emotional intelligence. The policy shifts away from rote learning and promotes experiential learning, where students actively engage with the content, develop critical reasoning, and solve real world problems. This approach fosters curiosity and analytical thinking, which are essential for success in a rapidly evolving world.NEP 2020 stresses the importance of critical thinking by moving beyond traditional methods that prioritize memorization. It advocates for inquiry based learning, where students learn through exploration, questioning, and applying their knowledge to real world scenarios. The policy also encourages interdisciplinary learning, helping students make connections between subjects and think critically about complex issues. Additionally, NEP 2020 aims to reform assessments, moving away from exam centric evaluations towards more holistic assessments that measure students ability to think critically, innovate, and apply knowledge practically.Social and emotional learning SEL is another key component of the NEP, as it ensures that students develop strong interpersonal skills, empathy, and emotional resilience. The policy also recognizes the importance of mental health and physical education, promoting a balanced approach to education that nurtures both the mind and body.Furthermore, the NEP introduces flexible curricula and pedagogical frameworks that allow students to explore subjects of personal interest, engage in interdisciplinary studies, and tailor their learning to their individual strengths and aspirations. Vocational education is integrated into the mainstream curriculum, ensuring that students gain both academic knowledge and practical skills, preparing them for a variety of career opportunities. Prof (Dr.) Surendra Prasad | Supriya Kumara "NEP 2020 and Its Focus on Holistic Development and Critical Thinking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78459.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/78459/nep-2020-and-its-focus-on-holistic-development-and-critical-thinking/prof-dr-surendra-prasad

Writing is a complex cognitive, emotional, and social process that plays a critical role in academic, professional, and personal communication. Effective writing requires the ability to generate ideas, organize thoughts, express oneself clearly and coherently, and adapt to different contexts and audiences. Writing strategies are systematic approaches that writers use to plan, draft, revise, and edit their writing. This paper aims to explore the concept of writing strategies, their significance, and the cognitive, emotional, and social processes and Teachers’ responsibilities that underlie effective writing. Dr. P. Mangayarkarasi | "The Dynamics of Writing Strategies: Exploring the Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Processes that Foster Effective Writing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78417.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/78417/the-dynamics-of-writing-strategies-exploring-the-cognitive-emotional-and-social-processes-that-foster-effective-writing/dr-p-mangayarkarasi

Integrating Artificial Intelligence AI in customer authentication and onboarding has revolutionized fintech operations by enhancing security, reducing fraud risks, and streamlining verification processes. Traditional authentication methods often suffer from inefficiencies, high costs, and vulnerability to identity theft. AI driven solutions, leveraging biometric identification, behavioural analytics, and machine learning algorithms, provide a seamless yet highly secure onboarding experience. These technologies reduce friction in customer acquisition and improve regulatory compliance and fraud detection. This paper explores the core concepts, technical innovations, and real world applications of AI powered authentication in banking and fintech. Additionally, it examines the challenges associated with AI based identity verification, including data privacy concerns and regulatory constraints. The study concludes with an outlook on the future of AI enhanced authentication and its potential to reshape digital financial services. Prakash Manwani "AI-Enhanced Customer Authentication and Onboarding" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78505.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/78505/aienhanced-customer-authentication-and-onboarding/prakash-manwani

In an era of increasing cyber threats and data breaches, securing data transfers has become a critical concern for organizations and individuals alike. This paper explores the challenges associated with moving data securely, identifying key risks such as unauthorized access, data corruption, and compliance issues. It further examines effective strategies and best practices, including encryption, secure file transfer protocols, and regulatory adherence, to ensure data integrity and confidentiality. By analyzing case studies and industry standards, this research provides a comprehensive framework for mitigating risks and enhancing the security of data in transit. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of secure data movement and offer practical guidelines for organizations seeking to strengthen their data security posture. Dilip Kumar | Yashwant Kumar "Moving Data Securely: Challenges, Strategies, and Best Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78487.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/78487/moving-data-securely-challenges-strategies-and-best-practices/dilip-kumar

The article examines the development of energy characteristics of electric drives of technological equipment and regulation of power consumption of a fat and oil enterprise. Saidmurod Latipov | Nematjon Narziyev "Development of Measures to Save Electricity in the Extraction of Oil from Cotton Seeds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/78456/development-of-measures-to-save-electricity-in-the-extraction-of-oil-from-cotton-seeds/saidmurod-latipov

The primary objective of this systematic review is to analyse land use and land cover LULC changes in Greater Mumbai, Maharashtra, from 2006 to 2024. This study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and local communities to ensure effective land resource management in the region. The review follows the Initialization, Conceptualization, and Actualization ICA framework to assess existing research on LULC changes in the study area. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Scopus database using keywords related to LULC. A comprehensive analysis of the available studies revealed a gap in systematic reviews specifically addressing LULC transformations in Greater Mumbai. This gap motivated the present study to synthesize and highlight key LULC trends. Geospatial technology based studies have consistently shown a significant increase in built up areas in Mumbai, while vegetation, water bodies, cropland, and barren land have declined considerably. Rapid population growth and urbanization have been identified as the primary drivers of these changes. These drastic LULC transformations have led to severe environmental consequences, including intensified urban heat islands, increased flood hazards, and widespread waterlogging. Given these challenges, it is imperative for the government to implement a well structured LULC policy to curb unplanned and haphazard land conversions, ensuring sustainable urban development in the region.” Uttam Gadhe | Shridhar Pednekar "Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India: A Systematic Review Through the ICA Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/78440/dynamics-of-land-useland-cover-in-mumbai-maharashtra-india-a-systematic-review-through-the-ica-framework/uttam-gadhe

The primary objective of this systematic review is to analyse land use and land cover LULC changes in Greater Mumbai, Maharashtra, from 2006 to 2024. This study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and local communities to ensure effective land resource management in the region. The review follows the Initialization, Conceptualization, and Actualization ICA framework to assess existing research on LULC changes in the study area. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Scopus database using keywords related to LULC. A comprehensive analysis of the available studies revealed a gap in systematic reviews specifically addressing LULC transformations in Greater Mumbai. This gap motivated the present study to synthesize and highlight key LULC trends. Geospatial technology based studies have consistently shown a significant increase in built up areas in Mumbai, while vegetation, water bodies, cropland, and barren land have declined considerably. Rapid population growth and urbanization have been identified as the primary drivers of these changes. These drastic LULC transformations have led to severe environmental consequences, including intensified urban heat islands, increased flood hazards, and widespread waterlogging. Given these challenges, it is imperative for the government to implement a well structured LULC policy to curb unplanned and haphazard land conversions, ensuring sustainable urban development in the region.” Uttam Gadhe | Shridhar Pednekar "Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India: A Systematic Review Through the ICA Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78440.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/78440/dynamics-of-land-useland-cover-in-mumbai-maharashtra-india-a-systematic-review-through-the-ica-framework/uttam-gadhe

The advancements in mobile networks over the generations have been remarkable, with broad improvements typically observed for each generation. As we begin to transition into the 6G era, it will be important to see what technologies, applications, and challenges mold this new state of connectivity. This paper explores the journey from AI centric 6G networks, work being done to secure them, technology matters, and recommendations for future research on 6 G. 6G has the potential to change the future state in many industries including smart cities, self driving, virtual reality, gaming, health care, industrial automation, and UAV communication. But, 6G deployment will involve risk to security related to vulnerabilities in architecture, data privacy, and security issues we may not yet know. Possible technological solutions explored will focus on post quantum cryptography public key algorithms , blockchain authentication, hierarchical security models, and standardized electronic network security protocols. Major 6 G denoting technologies we see used include terahertz communication, ultra massive MIMO, beamforming, cell free massive MIMO, millimeter waves, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, quantum communication, and UAV satellite networks. Future work will include high frequency communication, AI network management, efficient hardware, and secure encryptions like quantum key distribution QKD . This survey offers a comprehensive and explicit perspective on the promise of AI enabled 6G wireless communication networks. Sougata Mondal | Souvik Sarkar | Shreejita Mukherjee "AI-Driven 6G Networks: Evolution, Security Challenges, and Future Directions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78473.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/78473/aidriven-6g-networks-evolution-security-challenges-and-future-directions/sougata-mondal

Acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, cysts and scars. Acne is mostly common disorder among youngsters between 14 30 years. Now a days acne is a common problem among youngsters due to diet, stress, lifestyle and environment. A one tiny pimple is being reason for embarrassment and feels unattractive. This review article contains the prevalence, causes, pathology, psychological effect, types, clinical features and homoeopathic management of acne. Dr. Digna Solanki | Dr. Urmila Bhalgariya | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "Acne: Matter of Elegance, Embarrassment, Appearance and its Homoeopathic Treatment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78435.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/78435/acne-matter-of-elegance-embarrassment-appearance-and-its-homoeopathic-treatment/dr-digna-solanki

To study the strength of concrete by partial replacement of cement and course aggregate using RHA 0 to 20 and 0.5 Polypropylene Fiber. Concrete has better resistance in compression while steel has more resistance in tension. There are many forms of agriulture by products and waste materials. The use of such materials in concrete not solely makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal considerations. RHA is taken from In this research work, RHA is an agricultural by product obtained from the burning process of rice hull. It shows decrement of 59 mm. Concrete on 15 replacement of cement with RHA and 0.5 Polypropylene Fiber replacement of course aggregates, 28 days compressive strength obtained is 40.26N mm2, Split Tensile strength obtained is 7.04 N mm2 and Flexural strength obtained is 4.49N mm2 in M35 grade. Abdul Hafeez Mohammad Ayoob | Afzal Khan "Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Made with RHA for Rigid Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78506.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/78506/performance-evaluation-of-polypropylene-fiber-reinforced-concrete-made-with-rha-for-rigid-pavement/abdul-hafeez-mohammad-ayoob

Education is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge and a continuous practice of developing ones full potential. Through the process of education, it helps to reveal the full development of a persons inherent qualities. At the same time, one acquires the necessary skills to become a contributing member of the society. After Indias independence, the National Commission for Education was established in 1986 for the overall development of the country and society. The National Commission has greatly enriched the country in various fields. Inclusive education is one of them. Among them, the Independent Commission for Education of India is the first to be mentioned. With the formulation of NEP 2020, the first education policy of the 21st century, it has evolved into a new paradigm for the Indian education system, revolutionizing it, especially in higher education. In an effort to make India a global knowledge superpower and to implement major reforms in the education system of the country. The main aim and objective of this study is to make a comparative discussion between National Education Policy 1986 and India Inclusive Education Policy 2020. The sources of data include newspapers, NPE 1986 and NEP 2020 reports, government websites, various journals, etc. The major findings of the present study show that the procedures and teaching system of inclusive education have been changed in accordance with the earlier policies. Umasankar Mandal "NPE 1986 and NEP 2020 on Inclusive Education in India a Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78493.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/78493/npe-1986-and-nep-2020-on-inclusive-education-in-india-a-comparative-study/umasankar-mandal

Sentiment analysis has become a critical tool in understanding online discussions opinions, sentiments, and emotional tone, particularly on social media platforms. In this study, we explore sentiment analysis using Support Vector Machines SVM on the Sentiment140 dataset, a large scale Twitter dataset. The Sentiment140 dataset is pre labelled, containing tweets labelled as positive, negative, or neutral, and is widely used for sentiment classification tasks. We implement SVM, a powerful supervised learning algorithm, to classify the sentiments expressed in tweets. The study focuses on data pre processing, feature extraction, model training, and evaluation, providing insights into how SVM can be leveraged for effective sentiment analysis in social media applications. We demonstrate that SVM, coupled with the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency TF IDF method, can achieve high classification accuracy in predicting tweet sentiments. Kajal Matondkar "Sentiment Analysis on Social Media using Support Vector Machines (SVM)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78498.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/78498/sentiment-analysis-on-social-media-using-support-vector-machines-svm/kajal-matondkar

With the rapid development of the logistics industry, the demand for professional logistics talent has grown significantly. As a city rich in educational resources, Beijing hosts numerous universities offering logistics related programs. Guan Yawen | Huang Yixuan | Lu Haiyang | Song Mengxin | Jiang Chan’an | Liu Jinying | Guo Manjun | Li Kexin | Chang Jiayu | Bai Yuting "Analysis of the Current Status of Logistics Talent Cultivation in Beijing Universities Based on CNKI Retrieval" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78466.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/statistics/78466/analysis-of-the-current-status-of-logistics-talent-cultivation-in-beijing-universities-based-on-cnki-retrieval/guan-yawen

Space science and technology has applications in various aspects, such as health, education, finance, oil and mineral exploration, the environment, etc. But despite these numerous applications, especially in the day to day life of the people, the study of space science education is at the lowest ebb. This work was aimed at discussing the challenges facing the study of space science education in Nigeria, especially at the primary and post primary schools. From the results, it was observed that space science education has many benefits, such as inspiring students to explore the universe, enhancing national security, supporting economic growth and development, and inspiring students to pursue careers in emerging fields like planetary science, etc., but there are also impediments to this education, such as limited resources and funding, a lack of qualified educators, curriculum constraints, limited access to technology and equipment, etc. It was concluded that space science education has a lot of benefits that society can derive from, even as it is faced with numerous challenges. Yusuf T. Olatunbosun | Abdullahi Ayegba | Amodu Umoru Simeon | Ikwunne Chinenye Ndidiamaka | Urukwe Ando | Fatima Adamu Sule | Nyabam Mopa Ashem "Assessment of the Challenges Facing Space Science Education in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78542.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/78542/assessment-of-the-challenges-facing-space-science-education-in-nigeria/yusuf-t-olatunbosun

Single element microstrip patch antennas face significant challenges, including low gain and narrow bandwidth, which restrict their broader applications. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip patch antenna RMPA arrays to enhance gain performance compared to a single element RMPA for Drone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV applications. The process is done with the help of Computer Simulation Technology CST microwave studio. The resonant frequency, substrate material, and substrate height were first specified, followed by the design of a single element RMPA as the initial step in the design process. The single element was excited by the quarter wave feed line method for good impedance matching network. The two element and four element RMPA arrays were designed using the single element RMPA as the fundamental building block. The performance of the designed and simulated antennas were evaluated and compared in terms of gain, return loss and radiated power. The results revealed that, the gain increased from 7.61 dB single element to 9.64 dB 2×1 array to 10.7 dB 4×1 array . Compared to the single element RMPA the return loss of 23.61 dB, the 2×1 and 4×1 RMPA arrays achieved a return loss of 26.78 dB and 30.97 dB respectively. The radiated power analysis revealed that the 4×1 array achieved the highest transmission efficiency at 99.92 , surpassing the single element 97.78 and the 2×1 array 99.48 . The 4×1 array is the best performing configuration, with optimal impedance matching. This study confirms that increasing the number of elements enhances gain and directivity, leading to better radiation focus and power efficiency. Aremu, O. A. | Ajao, O. S. | Makinde, O. S. | Adeniji J. A. "Design, Simulation, and Performance Evaluation of 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays with Power Divider for UAV and Drone Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76329.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/76329/design-simulation-and-performance-evaluation-of-24-ghz-microstrip-patch-antenna-arrays-with-power-divider-for-uav-and-drone-applications/aremu-o-a

Church ministers often face significant psychological challenges due to the demands of their pastoral duties, including emotional labor, congregational expectations, and administrative responsibilities. This study examines the coping mechanisms employed by church ministers in Nairobi County, Kenya, with an emphasis on their psychological well being and ministerial performance. Grounded in the Resilience Theory, the research investigates internal and external protective factors that enable ministers to manage stress and maintain their effectiveness in ministry. Using a descriptive research design, the study collected data from a representative sample of 306 church ministers across various denominations. Data collection methods included self administered questionnaires and semi structured interviews, triangulated with document analysis to enhance reliability and validity. The findings revealed that spiritual practices, such as prayer and meditation, are the most frequently used coping mechanisms, providing both comfort and resilience. Social support from family, peers, and congregational members also emerged as a critical resource for managing stress. Additionally, professional counseling, physical exercise, and engagement in creative hobbies were identified as effective strategies for alleviating psychological distress. The study highlighted the interplay between cultural, social, and religious contexts in shaping coping strategies. For instance, traditional African communal practices blended with Christian rituals were noted as unique approaches to stress management among Kenyan clergy. Demographic factors, such as age, education level, and ministerial roles, influenced the selection and efficacy of coping mechanisms, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. The research underscores the importance of integrated support systems, including peer mentoring, stress management workshops, and access to mental health resources, to enhance the psychological well being of church ministers. Recommendations include fostering culturally sensitive resilience building programs, promoting a balance between personal spirituality and professional counseling, and encouraging physical activities to mitigate stress. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on clergy mental health, providing valuable insights for religious organizations, policymakers, and mental health practitioners. By addressing the unique challenges faced by church ministers in Nairobi County, the research advocates for holistic and context specific interventions that prioritize the mental health and overall well being of spiritual leaders, ensuring their sustained effectiveness in their ministerial roles. Siver Kibuh "Analysis on the Coping Mechanisms Employed by Church Ministers in Response to Their Psychological Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78543/analysis-on-the-coping-mechanisms-employed-by-church-ministers-in-response-to-their-psychological-challenges/siver-kibuh

Home accidents are leading cause of preventable disabilities and deaths among toddlers. The main cause of home accident is general negligence of safety at home. Toddlers being less aware of danger at one of the most vulnerable groups expose accidents in developed countries. Safe behaviour is a learned behaviour gradually acquired in a step by step process with increasing age and experience. Materials and Methods The research approach adopted for the study was descriptive research approach. The research design adopted for the study was non experimental research design. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used. The data was collected through the tool which is prepared by the investigator. The sample consists of the 100 mothers. Collected data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation.Result Findings of the study revealed that out of 100 mothers 62 of mothers have good knowledge, 37 of mothers have average knowledge and 1 of mothers have poor knowledge regarding home accidents and their prevention.Finding of the study revealed that out of 100 subjects 99 subjects place sharp objects in a locked drawer away from the reach of the child in their homes, 96 subjects check the gas cylinder at the time of cooking, 53 subjects use soap and water as a first aid when honey bee stings, 78 subjects use door stopper to prevent their child’s hands from stucking up in the door.Conclusion Study concludes that mothers have good level of knowledge. Rizwan Khan | Gurpreet Brar | Jyoti | S. K Garg "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Mothers Regarding Prevention of Home Accidents among their Toddlers in Selected Communities of Fazilka, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78544/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-of-mothers-regarding-prevention-of-home-accidents-among-their-toddlers-in-selected-communities-of-fazilka-punjab/rizwan-khan

Bioinformatics in Ayurveda has the potential to revolutionize the field by providing scientific validation for Ayurvedic practices, help researchers in understanding disease mechanisms that cause degenerative disorders. which include diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, osteoarthritis, and other conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of tissues, cells, or organs. By leveraging computational tools and data driven insights, bioinformatics aids in understanding the molecular mechanisms of these diseases, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and accelerating the development of effective treatments. It is the key to future commercialization of sequence data from human genome project will be to develop informatics technology that transforms this data into information that is useful for diagnosis and therapy. In this new wave of revolution and commercialization our traditional system of ayurveda needs renovation. This work mainly provides information regarding how bioinformatics plays a role in drug development and understanding the disease mechanism in degenerative disorders. Dr. G. Meghana | Dr. K. Madhusudana Rao | Dr. R. Yamini Diwakar | Dr. T. Leela Rani "Analytical Approach on Application of Bioinformatics in Drug Development in the Management of Degenerative Disorders" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78489.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/78489/analytical-approach-on-application-of-bioinformatics-in-drug-development-in-the-management-of-degenerative-disorders/dr-g-meghana

Precast Girders Commonly Used in Bridge like ROB, RUB, Flyovers, Expressways etc. to achieve fast construction, with minimum disturbance of exist traffic and better design methodology. The present study is concerned with analyze the precast I Girder or T beam type super structures generally adopted in most of the national high ways in the country. A typical precast I beam girder generally comprises the longitudinal reinforced concrete girder with a cast in situ continuous deck slab and cross girders or diaphragms to provide lateral rigidity to the bridge. This paper describes the comparative analysis with IRC loading of cast in situ T beam and precast concrete I girder with cast in situ deck slab super structure. In this study is also aims at understanding the effects of to apply moving load and vehicle load test to study the maximum deflections occur in bridge. The selected Geometry model is done by using Midas civil 2022 software. Therefore, Analyses the model over Loading Combination to Study the Behavior over the Bending moment at Support, mid spans, Shear forces at Support and deflection Causes due to Applied IRC Loading and Their Combination. Results extracted from the Midas Software further enhanced with multiplication factor incl. Congestion factor and impact factor on live loads. In this Present Study analysis precast concrete I girder with cast in situ deck slab give the 12 15 lesser moment and 16 20 lesser Shear Force at continuous support in comparison to the cast in situ T beam super structure. Juhi Sharma | Dr. P. K Singhai "Comparative Analysis of Precast RCC I Beam Girder and Cast in Situ T-Beam Bridges under Continuous Span by Midas Civil (2022)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78490.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/78490/comparative-analysis-of-precast-rcc-i-beam-girder-and-cast-in-situ-tbeam-bridges-under-continuous-span-by-midas-civil-2022/juhi-sharma

The increasing presence of Chinese language education in Africa has generated interest in understanding students’ perceptions, motivations, and challenges. In Cameroon, universities such as Garoua University have integrated Chinese into their curricula to meet growing demand. This study examines the attitudes of Cameroonian university students toward learning Chinese, using a mixed methods approach with surveys 120 students and interviews 20 students, 5 instructors . Findings reveal that students view Chinese as valuable for economic opportunities, cultural exchange, and academic advancement. However, challenges such as linguistic complexity, limited resources, and job market uncertainties affect motivation. The study highlights the need for improved teaching strategies, enhanced learning resources, and clearer academic and professional pathways for Chinese language learners in Cameroon. Ke Shan | Babong Richard "Study on Perceptions of Chinese Language Learning among Cameroonian University Students: The Case of Garoua University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78355.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/78355/study-on-perceptions-of-chinese-language-learning-among-cameroonian-university-students-the-case-of-garoua-university/ke-shan

Identity management refers to how an organization identifies and authenticates individuals for access to its networks or applications. The process ensures that individuals and groups have the right access, rights, and restrictions with established identities for the organizational resources while keeping their assets and data secure. Controlling who has access to these resources can be challenging without effective identity management. Identity management is important because it aids in preventing security events like data leaks and illegal access. From logging into email and collaboration platforms to accessing corporate resources, identity management plays a pivotal role in daily interactions online. In this paper, we will explore the role of identity management solutions in securing users and devices. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Identity Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78579.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78579/identity-management/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The prevalent skeletal disorder known as osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of fracture. Even though alendronate, also known as bisphosphonate, is commonly used to treat osteoporosis, oral administration of this drug has been associated with low absorption and gastrointestinal side effects. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an alendronate loaded nanoemulsion to enhance medication permeability and bioavailability. Nanoemulsions are a promising drug delivery technique because of their small droplet size, high solubility, and improved stability. The formulation process involves selecting the appropriate oil, surfactant, and co surfactant to optimize the nanoemulsions characteristics. The stability, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and particle size of the produced nanoemulsion are evaluated. Ex vivo and in vitro investigations evaluate the effectiveness of skin penetration and medication release characteristics. This nanoemulsion based approach has the potential to improve osteoporosis care, lessen side effects, and increase patient adherence by addressing the drawbacks of traditional oral alendronate therapy. The results of the study help create new, patient friendly drug delivery strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. Ankit Singh | Mr. Jiyaul Hak | Dr. Divya Pathak "A Review on Nanoemulsion-Based Delivery of Alendronate for Enhanced Osteoporosis Management for Bone Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78545.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/78545/a-review-on-nanoemulsionbased-delivery-of-alendronate-for-enhanced-osteoporosis-management-for-bone-health/ankit-singh

Pharmacokinetics PK is actually doing the study how human or animal body interacts with administered substances inside the body till expulsion from the body as urine, stool, sweat etc. It consists of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion process ADME of the body. The absorption is the rate at which a drug enters the systemic circulation from its site of drug administration. Drug distribution is the process of distribution of drug in various organs and tissues. Metabolism of a drug is taking the drug substances as pathogen removing and energy producing, unused drug substance can easily excrete out from the body. Excretion takes part in the elimination of drug from the blood circulation system into bile, urine, feces, sweat, and air. Thus homeopathic medicine which contains few atoms of medicinal substance is very fast working in the human body by absorbing in sublingual and submandibular glands without any side effects. Dr. Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee | Rohan Dey "Pharmacokinetics in Homoeopathy System of Medicines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78499.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/78499/pharmacokinetics-in-homoeopathy-system-of-medicines/dr-pijush-kanti-bhattacharjee

Some special elements such as ternary lateral sub idempotent, regular, singular were characterized by various properties in ternary semiring. We have examined the equivalent conditions like the relation between binary regular, ternary regular and also Regular, Right regular, Left regular and Lateral regular etc. We proved that Left, Right, Lateral singular elements are multiplicative idempotent undermost some special condition. B. Deepan | S. Anbalagan "Some Results in Ternary Lateral Sub Idempotent" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78492.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/algebra/78492/some-results-in-ternary-lateral-sub-idempotent/b-deepan

This project aims to construct a robot car that can be controlled by voice commands. The core components include an Arduino microcontroller, motor drivers for movement, and a Bluetooth module for wireless communication. The development process involves an initial hardware design phase, followed by coding the robots behavior using our programming expertise. The code will be simulated in software before being integrated with the physical hardware. A Bluetooth module will enable the robots control unit to receive voice instructions from a Bluetooth equipped Android device running a specific application. We were motivated to undertake this project by the pervasive influence of robotics in modern life and its significant role in advancing engineering and technology. Prof. Akhilanand Maurya | Mr. Ritesh Chaudhari | Mr. Tushar Patil | Mr. Baldev Solanke | Mr. Yogesh Patil | Mr. Tarkesh Pawar "A Voice Controlled Robot" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79756.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/79756/a-voice-controlled-robot/prof-akhilanand-maurya

Robotic process automation RPA is computer coded software that automates repetitive tasks and processes. It is important for companies seeking to transform themselves by doing “more” with “less.” Used in a variety of industries, RPA refers to the use of low code software “bots” to handle the repetitive, time consuming tasks of human workers — such as invoice processing, data entry, compliance reporting, etc. The main focus of RPA in finance is to replace repetitive and rule based tasks. Software robots can do many amazing things to make the life of a finance professional much easier. This paper highlights the use of robotic process automation RPA in the finance industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotic Process Automation in Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79774.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79774/robotic-process-automation-in-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This research focuses on proposing a foundational list for designing metal pergola structures by applying the concept of generative design. This approach is based on the principle of repetition with fractal geometry, employing a recursive function system to create metal pergola structures. This research avoids the use of Euclidean geometric shapes—squares, triangles, circles, etc.—which have resulted in flat, inconsistent works. Instead, the use of fractal geometry is considered closer to the process of shape and transformation in nature. The concept and method of designing with fractal ideas is a design process implemented through experimental thinking, producing quality works. This new method is designed to address these limitations by providing improved control over the properties of fractals, including symmetry, scaling, and self similarity. These are based on new concepts of self similarity and infinite complexity, which are capable of understanding nature and its infinite scales. Unlike standard methods, it incorporates adaptive iteration and symmetry preserving transformations, enabling the creation of complex patterns with consistent structural properties. This allows for the strategic design of typical configurations of these regular structures to provide sufficient strength and stability for the structures to withstand vertical, horizontal, and wind loads, resulting in lighter structures. This method also improves computational efficiency by reducing duplicate calculations and achieving faster convergence with fewer iterations. The research adopts a theoretical approach, delving into the fundamental theories related to fractal geometry, and uses an Iterated Function System IFS based on the concept of fractal geometry. To demonstrate the intersection of mathematics and design in both modern and traditional design process practices, the details of the design unit networks in the context of applying the concept of fractal geometry in the field of construction aim to activate a geometric system in design that is typically characterized by recursive self similarity properties. A rule based geometric system can be constructed using the recursive function system process, and based on fractal construction methods and algorithms for their visualization and practical applications, they achieve a high degree of visual and geometric balance, which makes them appropriate for high precision applications. The design elements are formatted to obtain the best solution to the fundamental concepts of design problems. Prof. Mohammad Abdullah Almandrawy "Fractal Geometry and Its Iterative in the Design of Metal Pergolas Structures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79733.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/79733/fractal-geometry-and-its-iterative-in-the-design-of-metal-pergolas-structures/prof-mohammad-abdullah-almandrawy

Plants in folklore medicine has shown to posse’s antidiabetic and hepatoprotective tendencies, owing to the facts that most plant material contains phytochemical which can be therapeutically employed in the management of different pathological conditions. A total of 36 male wistar rat was used for this study, and the animal where divided into six groups of six animal, Group 1 positive control Normal rats received only feed and distilled water for three weeks. Group 2 Negative control Diabetic rats which received only feed and water. Group 3 In this group, diabetic rats were induced with 150mg kg of alloxan and treated with low dose of extract cabbage extract 150mg kg for 3 weeks. Group 4 In this group, diabetic rats were induced with 150mg kg of alloxan and treated with medium dose of extract cabbage extract 300mg kg for 3 weeks Group 5 In this group, diabetic rats were induced with 150mg kg of alloxan and treated with high dose of extract cabbage extract 600mgkg .Group 6 In this group, normal rats received high dose of extract cabbage extract 600mg kg for two weeks before it was induced diabetes 150mg kg. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that cabbage supplementation reduced the high blood sugar levels as observed in diabetic rats in this study. The present study also indicated a marked increase in the ALP levels which is suggesting an adverse effect of cabbage on the liver, therefore there is the need for more study on the toxicological profile of cabbage on the liver. Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka | Chikezie Confidence Ngozi | Kester Nwaefulu | Mmaju Chidimma | Okwuonu Ifeoma "Role of Ethanolic Cabbage Extract on Blood Glucose Level and Liver Function of Alloxan Induced Diabetic of Male Wistar Rat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79830.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/79830/role-of-ethanolic-cabbage-extract-on-blood-glucose-level-and-liver-function-of-alloxan-induced-diabetic-of-male-wistar-rat/okonkwo-chukwudi-onyeka

Litigation management refers to the coordinated approach to overseeing and directing all phases of a lawsuit or legal dispute, from the beginning through to its resolution. At its core, litigation management is where business strategy meets legal expertise. It includes tasks such as developing legal strategies, planning budgets, coordinating with legal teams, managing documents and evidence, and facilitating communication among all involved parties. For claims organizations and risk managers seeking ways to enhance relationships with their defense attorneys through a unified platform, litigation management software makes a lot of sense. This paper is intended to be a definitive resource for litigation management. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Litigation Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78580.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78580/litigation-management/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The general approach to describe discrete categorical variables is using counting techniques that are summarized into frequencies and proportions percentages. When dealing with a conceptual component made of complementary indicators, Multiple Responses Sets MRS as composite variable can be generated using Multiple Responses Analysis MRA technique but whether individual indicator’s score or composite aggregated scores within conceptual component, the statistical outputs are generated in term of frequency and proportion. But the statistical outputs for discrete categorical variables are presented differently by different scholars, statisticians or researchers as if there was no set standard. Following convincing scientific and statistical analysis and demonstrations, it is proven that the acceptable standard is proportion coming before frequency e.i. 50 30 instead of 30 50 given the mathematic conservation law that scientifically gives priority to proportion, which is termed proportionate conservation law in this article. I therefore recommend that this standard be followed for the uniformity of the presentation of statistical outputs for discrete categorical variables. Nana Celestin "Presentation of Statistical Outputs from Counting Approach: Shall Frequency Come Before Percentage?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78356.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/statistics/78356/presentation-of-statistical-outputs-from-counting-approach-shall-frequency-come-before-percentage/nana-celestin

Health belief and operational models are important in contextualizing enablers and barriers to a given health care process or health intervention in a specific or diverse setting. The purpose of the study is to appraise attitude and perception of significant others care givers in the care and follow up of hypertensive patients in Fako Division in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Concerning the theoretical scope, the study was guided by The Health Belief Model HBM , The Theory of Human caring and the Theory of Health Promotion Model. It was a hospital based cross sectional study that employed a concurrent nested mixed method in a survey design whereby quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect data on different but complementary indicators. All care givers in the study setting were targeted conveniently. Two hospitals were randomly selected one public and one faith based from among all the hospitals in the 4 main subdivisions of Fako, making a total of 8 hospitals of secondary and or tertiary levels of health facilities. Altogether, 77 significant others were effectively involved in the study. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire. An application to carry out the research was sent to the ethical review board of the University of Bamenda. Upon approval, Data were collected while abiding to the necessary ethical requirements. Data were digitalized with the support of EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 21.0. The findings unfold that a weak majority 55.8 of caregivers had a negative perception about their caring of their hypertensive patients, thus implying that caring for the hypertensive patients was relatively challenging. Age and category of health facility surfaced as significant predictors of care givers perception of care as a care giver P 0.05 while age was a critical one P 0.05 OR 1 and LB of OR 1 . Positive perception increased with age while those of the public health facilities were significantly more positive. Care givers in their strong majority were positive about care from the nurses with a proportion weight of 70.9 and this trend was supported by the qualitative induction. Care givers perception of care from nurses was only significantly dependent of category of health facility P=0.000 , whereby those from public health facilities had significantly more positive perceptions 88.2 as compared to those from their private counterpart 45.2 . It was recommended psycho social counseling, awareness and training to enhance the effectiveness of care givers in the care of hypertensive patients. Magdaline Injoh Tangi | Mary Bi Suh Atanga | Gerald Ngo Teke | Nana Celestin "Attitudes and Perceptions of Significant Others in the Care and Follow Up of Hypertensive Patients in Fako Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78380.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78380/attitudes-and-perceptions-of-significant-others-in-the-care-and-follow-up-of-hypertensive-patients-in-fako-division-southwest-region-of-cameroon/magdaline-injoh-tangi

The average meal pattern of the Lactating respondents was three meal pattern very few from rural and urban area consumed and mormy food 4 snacks in their diet, In lactation period only plan preparation used and special foods like lactating women, Diet, Nutrition.Lactation requires frequent eating however they did not have mid morning food or snacks. As the lactation stage is very important, because lactation represent a drain on maternal body composition. The required calories and other nutrients is therefore frater during lactation, hence much emphasis gives in providing adequately nutrition diet during lactation, Nutrition during lactation is important for her own health and that of her offspring.Lactation requires frequent eating however they did not have midmorning food or snacks. As the lactation stage is very important, because lactation represent a drain on maternal body composition. The requited calories and other nutrients is therefore frater during lactation hence much emphasis gives in providing adequately nutrition diet during lactation. Nutrition during lactation is important for her own health and that of her offspring. Dr. Sandhya Ayaskar "Nutrition of Lactating Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78582.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/other/78582/nutrition-of-lactating-women/dr-sandhya-ayaskar

Artificial intelligence AI refers to the technology that enables computers and machines to simulate human learning, comprehension, problem solving, decision making, creativity, and autonomy. It is a set of technologies that enable computers to perform a variety of advanced functions, including the ability to see, understand and translate spoken and written language, analyze data, make recommendations, and more. AI is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines, including computer science, data analytics and statistics, hardware and software engineering, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology. In this paper, we will explore what AI actually is, the main types of AI, a quick history of AI, and practical applications of AI powers. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Overview on Artificial Intelligence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78617.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78617/overview-on-artificial-intelligence/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Artificial Intelligence AI has emerged as a transformative tool in various domains, including operating room OR management and smart lighting systems. This review explores recent advancements in AI applications for optimizing OR workflows, resource allocation, and energy efficient, health focused lighting systems. By analyzing key methodologies, findings, and bibliometric trends, the paper highlights the potential of AI to improve operational efficiency, patient safety, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, it discusses interdisciplinary approaches that bridge healthcare and engineering to create adaptive, scalable, and cost effective solutions. Challenges and future directions, including data privacy concerns, implementation barriers, and ethical considerations, are also discussed, aiming to provide a comprehensive roadmap for future research and development in these critical domains. Benazeer | Er. Gurinder Kaur "Artificial Intelligence in Operating Room Management and Smart Lighting Systems: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78641.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/78641/artificial-intelligence-in-operating-room-management-and-smart-lighting-systems-a-comprehensive-review/benazeer

Adolescence is a critical stage in the life cycle, when the health of females is affected due to growth spurt, beginning of menstruation, poor intake of iron due to poor dietary habits and gender bias. Iron deficiency anaemia affects over 60 of the adolescent girls in India. Anaemia in adolescent girls has far reaching implications. The anaemic adolescent girls grow into adult women with compromised growth, both physical and mental. These women have low pre pregnancy weight and are more likely to die during childbirth and deliver low birth weight babies. Objectives –The main objective was to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding anaemia and its management among adolescent girls. Methodology A quantitative research approach and a non experimental descriptive research design was used. The sample size of 135 adolescent girls were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Initially the investigator got permission from concerned authority of Shia girls College Lucknow. The written consent was obtained from sample. The tools used were, Performa of demographic variables, structured knowledge questionnaire. Assessment of preexisting level of knowledge done by administering structured knowledge questionnaire after that information booklet was distributed. Result The result of the study revealed that there was majority of the 48.9 sample subjects had inadequate level of knowledge, 32.6 had moderate level of knowledge and 18.5 had adequate level of knowledge. Ms. Yashika Mishra | Mrs. Anjali Chaturvedi "A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Anaemia and its Management among Adolescent Girls in Selected Schools of Lucknow with a View to Develop an Information Booklet" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78583.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78583/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-anaemia-and-its-management-among-adolescent-girls-in-selected-schools-of-lucknow-with-a-view-to-develop-an-information-booklet/ms-yashika-mishra

The rapid evolution of digital banking has transformed the financial sector, offering customers convenient, efficient, and cost effective banking services. However, despite its benefits, digital banking presents several challenges that hinder a seamless user experience. This study examines the key problems faced by bank customers in digital banking, including cybersecurity threats, technical glitches, lack of digital literacy, poor customer service, and regulatory concerns. Through an extensive literature review, this research explores how these issues impact customer satisfaction and trust in digital banking services. Furthermore, the study identifies gaps in current banking systems and proposes potential solutions to enhance the overall customer experience. The findings highlight the need for banks to strengthen cybersecurity measures, improve digital literacy programs, and enhance customer support to ensure a more secure and user friendly digital banking environment. M. Kavitha | Dr. V. P. Amuthanayaki "Problems Faced by Bank Customers in Digital Banking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78523.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/78523/problems-faced-by-bank-customers-in-digital-banking/m-kavitha

Cybersecurity is the protection of systems and information connected to the Internet. It refers to the measures taken to protect systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. Cybersecurity breaches for law firms are like others in the industry. Hackers are increasingly targeting law firms because they can become a one stop shop for a variety of sensitive documents and a gold mine of information. With cyber attacks ranking as the fifth highest risk, the need for cybersecurity measures in law firms has become imperative. Cybersecurity and data protection play a significant role in the legal profession. They have become a critical aspect of the legal profession since lawyers are bound by various laws and regulations that mandate the protection of their client data. Cybersecurity in the legal sector is no longer a dispensable luxury but an indispensable necessity. This paper aims to explore the complex landscape of cybersecurity in the legal industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cybersecurity in the Legal Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78616.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78616/cybersecurity-in-the-legal-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Osteoarthritis OA is characterized by the degradation of the layer between the joints. Osteoarthritis OA is a situation that results from deformation of the layer between two bones. Pain where the bone joins Osteoarthritis affects all patients. It mostly harms the cartilage in the joints, which fallouts in stiffness, discomfort, and edema. It is the main cause of soreness and debility. It is anticipated that as the people ages and obesity rates rise, the occurrence of OA would gradually rise as well 1 . Pain while activity or movement in elderly people individuals can notably disrupts their daily activities, reducing ability to function alone. Common causes may due to arthritis, muscle weakness, and joint degeneration. Managing pain through proper medical treatment can restore their daily comfort for osteoarthritis patients One of the main musculoskeletal conditions that contribute to years of incapacity is osteoarthritis. Since osteoarthritis is more dominant in older adults nearly 70 of those over 55 , its frequency is predictable to rise as the worlds population ages. Athletes and those who have experienced joint stress or injury may be at risk for osteoarthritis, even though it typically first manifests in the late 40s to mid 50s. About 60 of people with osteoarthritis are women 5 . Classification shows an essential part in diagnosing joint degeneration by measuring the severity using algorithms designed for machine learning. This helps to design optimal treatment plans. Proper diagnosis improves mobility and quality of life. So, classification is plays important part in diagnosing Osteoarthritis in patients. Numerous machine learning methods are available for the analysis and ordering of osteoarthritis. Multiple machine learning techniques gives different results. In this article combinational machine learning techniques are applied. Combined study may be beneficial for getting more accurate results in medical applications working on Osteoarthritis detection. This paper represents a combination of machine learning based approach for binary classification. Features are mined using Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Gray Level Co occurrence Matrix is united together in the CSV format, which was then passed as input for machine learning classification models. Results demonstrate advantageous outcomes with high accuracy and significant potential for medical application. Komal Deokar | Dr. Brijendra Gupta "Knee Osteoarthritis Classification: A Hybrid Approach with Machine Learning Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78574.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/78574/knee-osteoarthritis-classification-a-hybrid-approach-with-machine-learning-classification/komal-deokar

This study examined undergraduate and graduate students perspectives on pedagogical partnerships in higher education, highlighting their experiences, challenges, and impacts on learning outcomes. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted with 300 participants across various disciplines. Findings revealed that students valued skill development, enhanced engagement, and a greater understanding of pedagogy through collaborative efforts with faculty. However, challenges such as time constraints and communication barriers were prevalent. The study demonstrated that active participation in partnerships positively correlated with improved academic performance and a heightened sense of belonging among students. These insights underscore the importance of fostering effective student faculty collaborations to enhance educational experiences and outcomes. Recommendations for practice include establishing clear communication channels, creating flexible engagement opportunities, and promoting a culture of reciprocity within academic settings. Atsu Noble Senyo | Chen Mingkun "Fostering Collaborative Learning: A Comprehensive Examination of Undergraduate and Graduate Students Perspectives on Pedagogical Partnerships in Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76232.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/76232/fostering-collaborative-learning-a-comprehensive-examination-of-undergraduate-and-graduate-students’-perspectives-on-pedagogical-partnerships-in-higher-education/atsu-noble-senyo

The choice of a programming language for software development significantly impacts the performance, usability, scalability, and maintenance of systems. This paper provides a comparative analysis between Python and Go Golang , two popular languages in modern software development. Python is widely used for data science, web development, and automation, while Go has emerged as a language optimized for performance and concurrency, particularly in cloud computing and microservices. This paper evaluates both languages based on several criteria, including performance, ease of learning, concurrency models, ecosystem, and use cases, providing insights for developers in selecting the appropriate language for their projects. Nitin S Bheemalli "A Comparative Analysis of Python and Go Programming Languages: Performance, Usability, and Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76261.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/programming-language/76261/a-comparative-analysis-of-python-and-go-programming-languages-performance-usability-and-application/nitin-s-bheemalli

Weaning, the gradual introduction of complementary foods alongside breast milk or formula made milk, plays a pivotal role in the nutritional transition of infants. It is an extremely significant dietary transition for the infant the shift from a mother’s milk based diet to a more heterogenized food based diet, from exclusive breastfeeding to a diversified diet, the weaning, and the diet thereof plays a crucial role in shaping the growth, development, and health of the infants. Title of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding weaning among postnatal mothers in selected urban areas of Kanpur, U.P.” objective of the study was to assess the pretest knowledge weaning among postnatal mothers in selected urban areas of Kanpur, U.P. to assess the post test knowledge regarding weaning among postnatal mothers in selected urban areas of Kanpur, U.P. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding weaning among postnatal mothers in selected urban areas of Kanpur, U.P. To find out the association between pretest knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. “Methodology adopted for the study was quantitative research approach with a pre experimental one group pretest and posttest was adopted. In this study, the sample consists of 30 postnatal mothers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. The convenience sampling technique was used for this study. A structured Socio demographic variables and Knowledge questionnaire on weaning were selected based on the objectives of the study. The tools are prepared in two sections. Section A was socio demographic data, and the Section –B was Knowledge questionnaire on weaning. Validity of the tool was established with experts. Pilot study was conducted on young adults from 20 08 2024 to 05 09 2024 to assess the tools feasibility and it was found to be feasible to collect the required information. For the main study the data collected from 20 10 2024 to 25 11 2024 from postnatal mothers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The collected data was tabulated according to various parameters and the complete analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics. Paired t test used to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding weaning and the obtained value was 14.87 and the table value was 1.68 at 0.05 level of confidence. Since the obtained value greater than the table value STP was effective So, the H1 hypothesis was accepted. The investigator concluded the structured teaching program was effective. The chi square calculation explains that there was a significant association between pre test knowledge level and the sociodemographic variables previous knowledge regarding weaning as the chi square value was greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. Richie John | Raj Amit Singh Gurjar "A Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Weaning among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Urban Areas of Kanpur, U.P." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78546/a-study-to-evaluate-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-weaning-among-postnatal-mothers-in-selected-urban-areas-of-kanpur-up/richie-john

Connective tissue that helps the joints and bones is named as Cartilage which is present between the bones. Degradation of the tissues between the bones is known as osteoarthritis OA . It affects the lots of population worldwide which leads to Ache, Rigidity, and Immobility. Early osteoarthritis detection and categorization are challenging for precise analysis and appropriate treatment. Treatments which are followed earlier are totally depends upon the clinical investigations like radiographic x ray images which is very time consuming. Subsequently, these processed images are categorized as normal and osteoarthritis. Our goal is to detect knee osteoarthritis. Latest research on machine learning Artificial intelligence AI techniques provide much better solutions for the medical image findings and give better solutions for the analysis of osteoarthritis OA using different types of imaging technologies. In order to detect OA, this study focuses on Grey Level Co Occurrence Matrix GLCM feature extraction in conjunction with ML classifiers, specifically Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. The Random Forest classifier reaches an accuracy of 89 , according to experimental results. This will help to improve the quality of life. Dhanashree D. Kul | Dr. Prabhat Pallav | Prof. M. U. Inamdar "Knee Cartilage Degeneration Detection using Machine Learning Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78457.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/78457/knee-cartilage-degeneration-detection-using-machine-learning-algorithm/dhanashree-d-kul

Connective tissue that helps the joints and bones is named as Cartilage which is present between the bones. Degradation of the tissues between the bones is known as osteoarthritis OA . It affects the lots of population worldwide which leads to Ache, Rigidity, and Immobility. Early osteoarthritis detection and categorization are challenging for precise analysis and appropriate treatment. Treatments which are followed earlier are totally depends upon the clinical investigations like radiographic x ray images which is very time consuming. Subsequently, these processed images are categorized as normal and osteoarthritis. Our goal is to detect knee osteoarthritis. Latest research on machine learning Artificial intelligence AI techniques provide much better solutions for the medical image findings and give better solutions for the analysis of osteoarthritis OA using different types of imaging technologies. In order to detect OA, this study focuses on Grey Level Co Occurrence Matrix GLCM feature extraction in conjunction with ML classifiers, specifically Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. The Random Forest classifier reaches an accuracy of 89 , according to experimental results. This will help to improve the quality of life. Dhanashree D. Kul | Dr. Prabhat Pallav | Prof. M. U. Inamdar "Knee Cartilage Degeneration Detection using Machine Learning Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78457.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/78457/knee-cartilage-degeneration-detection-using-machine-learning-algorithm/dhanashree-d-kul

Introduction Cervical Cancer is one of the most common cancer among women worldwide. In India, it is one of the leading cause of mortality among women accounting for 18.3 of all cancer in women. As per Indian Council of Medical Research’s cancer registry data report of 2020, Punjab recorded 36,888 cases of cancer in 2018, which rose to 37,744 in 2019 and 38,636 in 2020. Cervical cancer, or cancer of the cervix, begins on the surface of your cervix. It happens when the cells on your cervix begin to change to precancerous cells. Not all precancerous cells will turn to cancer, but finding these problematic cells and treating them before they can change is critical to preventing cervical cancer.Material and method A quantitative descriptive research approach and design was used to assess the awareness and prevention regarding cervical cancer among women. A total sample of 150 women was taken through non probability purposive sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Data collected is analyzed with descriptive statistics. Result Findings of the study revealed that out of 150 women 8.7 of women had excellent level of knowledge, 80 had good level of knowledge and 11.3 had average level of knowledge.Conclusion Study concluded that women have good level of knowledge. Ms. Harpreet Kaur | Ms. Parminder Kaur "A Discriptive Study to Assess the Awareness on Cervical Cancer and its Prevention among Women in Selected Areas of Jalalabad(W), Fazilka, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78639.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/other/78639/a-discriptive-study-to-assess-the-awareness-on-cervical-cancer-and-its-prevention-among-women-in-selected-areas-of-jalalabadw-fazilka-punjab/ms-harpreet-kaur

Spirometry remains one of the most critical tools in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , and interstitial lung diseases. Over the past decade, advancements in technology, data analytics, and artificial intelligence AI have significantly enhanced the precision, accessibility, and efficiency of spirometry. This review aims to explore recent advancements in spirometry, the state of the art technologies, objectives, scope, applications, challenges, and future directions. Bushrah Gull | Dr. Amandeep Sharma "Recent Advances and State of the Art in Spirometry: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78640.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78640/recent-advances-and-state-of-the-art-in-spirometry-a-comprehensive-review/bushrah-gull

Mothers are considered the food handlers in the home their role is to ensure food safety and hygiene for their infants and children. The hygienic practices dramatically reduce routine exposures to pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food hygiene counseling impact on knowledge, attitude and practices of the mothers towards their preschool children. Mothers and their preschool children aged 3 5 years belongs to Pravaranagar region 40 Villages of Ahilyanagar District, Maharashtra State, India were selected for the study. A pre test–post test control group design was chosen. The experimental group received food hygiene education through counselling by the researcher, while the control group did not. The Food hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices level of the mothers in the experimental group and control group was assessed after the intervention programme. KAP method was used to measure the impact of counselling. The data showed that in the present study maximum number of the poor and fair scorer’s mothers had upgraded food hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices score to the upper levels i.e. fair and good levels. This shift was appreciable observed in the experimental group after imparting food hygiene education counseling p value 0.05 . While in the control group a significant improvement was not observed. It is overall concluded as from the Chi square test, there is an improvement in the experimental groups due to the impact of food hygiene counselling intervention programme. Continuous educational program for mothers regarding food hygiene and food poisoning through trained extension worker should be provided. Dr. Deshmukh Kanchan Samish "Food Hygiene Counseling Impact on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the Mothers Towards Their Preschool Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78577.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/health-and-hygiene/78577/food-hygiene-counseling-impact-on-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-of-the-mothers-towards-their-preschool-children/dr-deshmukh-kanchan-samish

Commercialization in agriculture is the the progressive shift from household production for auto consumption to production for sale in the market. The study was conducted in Babile district to assess major constraints and opportunities in groundnut commercialization. Driving factors existing in the study area such as conducive agroecology, access to market information, and locational trade mark of Babile groundnut identified as opportunities whereas disease, lack of improved varieties of seeds and price instability are considered as the constraints which hindering farmers not to boost their groundnut production for commercialization. The findings have an implication for the government body and the government should capitalize on the major constraints affecting farmers’ groundnut commercialization in the study areas. Oromia Megersa | Chanyalew Seyoum "Major Constraints and Opportunities in Smallholder Farmers Groundnut Commercialization in Babile District, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78642.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78642/major-constraints-and-opportunities-in-smallholder-farmers’-groundnut-commercialization-in-babile-district-east-hararghe-zone-oromia-ethiopia/oromia-megersa

MindSphere, which has been rebranded as Insights Hub, is Siemens’ cloud based, open Industrial Internet of things IIoT operating system which is designed to connect physical assets to the digital world. This is to enable industries to harness data from connected devices to facilitate real time analysis to optimize processes and improve efficiency. With the use of advanced analytics and AI, MindSphere processes data from connected assets to provide actionable insights that will help in predictive maintenance, energy management, and resource optimization. MindSphere is been implemented across various sectors such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation to enhance performance, reduce costs, and innovate business models. The paper looks into the benefits and challenges confronting MindSphere with the view to proffering solutions. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "MindSphere" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78654.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78654/mindsphere/paul-a-adekunte

Introduction Over the last three decades, there has been an epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to lifestyle related chronic non communicable diseases. The burden of chronic non communicable disease NCDs is rising rapidly all over the world. About 63 of all annual deaths globally are contributed by Non communicable diseases and it is expected that it will increase to 73 by 2020. It is predicted that NCDs will be responsible for almost three quarters of all deaths in India by 2030. Material and methods This cross sectional study was conducted at selected rural urban areas of district Fazilika, Punjab to assess the risk factors of selected NCDs, using Partial WHO STEPS approach. Multistage sampling technique used for selection of 160 residents, aged 18 69 years from rural and urban areas. Result The findings revealed that 18.1 29 people reported being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. Additionally, 62.5 participants have an abnormal BMI, which is a major risk factor for several NCDs. While 26.3 of the participants has an abnormal waist circumference, another indicator of increased NCD risk. Conclusions Study showed a high burden of risk factors for NCDs in the study Population. There is a need to take some community based initiatives t decline the prevalence of NCDs. Pushpa Rani | Dr. Hardeep Kaur | Shatrughan Pareek "Exploration of Existing Risk Factors of NCD among 18-69-Years Old Individuals by STEP Method in Selected Districts of Punjab: A Pilot Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78643.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78643/exploration-of-existing-risk-factors-of-ncd-among-1869years-old-individuals-by-step-method-in-selected-districts-of-punjab-a-pilot-study/pushpa-rani

This study investigates the effect of Total Quality Management TQM on organizational performance in Nigeria, emphasizing its role in enhancing productivity, customer satisfaction, profitability, and growth. Using a cross sectional survey design, the research targeted management staff from 10 organizations selected from South West and South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria implementing TQM, with estimated population of 520 Management staff and simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 130. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and one sample t test. The findings revealed that TQM implementation significantly improves organizational performance by fostering productivity, customer satisfaction, profitability, and organizational growth. To achieve sustainable organizational performance, Nigerian organizations should integrate TQM into their strategic frameworks by fostering a culture of quality, prioritizing customer centric approaches, and implementing continuous process improvement with regular staff training and performance monitoring. Dr. Idris A. Obomeghie | Dr. Umoru Ladan Abdulwaris | Sheilu Suleiman Awwal "Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78653.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/78653/total-quality-management-and-organizational-performance-in-nigeria/dr-idris-a-obomeghie

The growing frequency and complexity of Distributed Denial of Service DDoS attacks have necessitated more dynamic and intelligent cybersecurity solutions. This paper explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence AI and Machine Learning ML in detecting, mitigating, and preventing DDoS attacks across modern network infrastructures, especially in the context of IoT environments. Traditional security mechanisms struggle to adapt to the evolving tactics used in multi vector DDoS attacks. In contrast, AI driven intrusion detection systems provide adaptive learning, real time anomaly detection, and improved decision making through explainable AI. The study also examines AI enabled methodologies such as deep learning, ensemble models, and blockchain integration, highlighting their potential to enhance the resilience and accuracy of defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges of false positives, scalability, and privacy concerns associated with AI deployment. It concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous research and development in AI centric security frameworks to ensure future proof defense against sophisticated cyber threats. Dilip Kumar | Yashwant Kumar "Detecting and Mitigating DDoS Attacks: The Role of AI and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78657.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/78657/detecting-and-mitigating-ddos-attacks-the-role-of-ai-and-machine-learning/dilip-kumar

The rapid integration of technology into every facet of our lives poses significant benefits and invertedly, substantial risks particularly on cyber security and cybercrime victimization. Effective cybersecurity practices are critical in preventing cybercrime victimization. It helps mitigate risks, protect sensitive data from being compromise and ensure the integrity of cyber related activities and transactions. The main objective of this study was to assess the cyber security practices and the level of cybercrime victimization among 100 randomly selected criminology students of Philippine College Foundation, Valencia City, Bukidnon, in the year 2024. A quantitative research design was utilized in this study using a survey questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents aged 21 23 years old, males, second year level and cellular phone users. Also, respondents applied cyber security practices in terms of logging into an electronic account, information sharing and access of website. Moreover, in the level of cybercrime victimization, the respondents have a high level of victimization in terms in phishing, online fraud and hacking. Finally, as to the test of significant relationship between cybersecurity practices and cybercrime victimization, it showed that logging into an electronic account, information sharing and access of website have a significant effect on phishing, online fraud and hacking among the respondents. Girlie N. Cañete | Nymia M. Ravidas | Ivy Joy E. Kibos "Cybersecurity Practices and Cybercrime Victimization among Criminology Students: Basis for Cyber Defense Enhancement Program" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78589.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/78589/cybersecurity-practices-and-cybercrime-victimization-among-criminology-students-basis-for-cyber-defense-enhancement-program/girlie-n-cañete

The challenge for the management of Tropical Surabaya City Park is how to increase visitor satisfaction through facility security control because of the many negative visitor behaviors in the form of vandalism that cause damage, disturbance, and inconvenience. The deep observation method is used by the researcher to review the environmental and product design of park facilities, while Function Behavior Structure FBS is used as a strategy approach for functional security control of facilities. FBS with cluster system is developed in this article to classify priority spatial areas based on the density and diversity of visitors. The selected Surabaya park is a popular comprehensive type. The results show that enclosed semi closed type spatial areas are easy to become congested areas and experience more vandalism. Yosef Richo Adrianto | Ellya Zulaikha | Bambang Syairudin "Design Management to Review Vandalism in the Spatial Area of Tropical City Park Surabaya - Indonesia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78620.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/78620/design-management-to-review-vandalism-in-the-spatial-area-of-tropical-city-park-surabaya--indonesia/yosef-richo-adrianto

Since the abolition of the Regulations on rewards and Punishment for enterprise Employees, the dispute about whether the employer enjoys the right to fine continues. Based on the definition of the fine right of the employer, this paper discusses the reason of the constant dispute. Through learning all kinds of materials, the current academic circle against the employer to enjoy the right to fine and support the employer to enjoy the right to fine their own argument. After analyzing the two ways of fine ordered to pay fine and deduct wage in practice, we draw the conclusion that the law should prohibit ordered to pay fine and strictly limit to deduct salary, and put forward the suggestions of regulation respectively. Among them, there are common suggestions for the two types of fines, that is, the legality review of the procedures and contents of the rules and regulations and the correction of the case handling organs in specific cases. Wang Deyu "Study on the Right of the Employer to Fine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78416.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78416/study-on-the-right-of-the-employer-to-fine/wang-deyu

In todays digital era, social networks have become a key part of everyday human life, where people expose their opinions, preferences, and social interactions. Online continuous living creates a treasure of digital footprints, which can provide very useful information in the study of personality traits. We delve into actual data to examine how these patterns of behavior input into predicting personality traits. This work explores the opportunities offered by social media as a dataset for personality assessment by various methods of machine learning as classification, clustering, and deep learning. Using the Big Five model of personality, we categorize people with references to Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The collected data from social media networks provided a huge dataset that is utilized in training predictive models and modelling online habits interacting and the sentiment trends. The comparative analysis shows machine learning to be superior to conventional self report personality measures, whereby the machine learned models are scalable and automated, objective personality tests capable of delivering great information in minimal time. Especially the deep learning algorithms based on transformer architectures show extremely high accuracy predictions, in the range of 75 85 .This technology also comes wrapped in a plethora of ethical problems, primarily about consent, algorithmic bias, and privacy. In this paper, we discuss these problems and propose guidelines for the benevolent execution of such technology. This is a wide ranging process that can constitute anything from targeted advertisements and hiring decisions to following up on an individuals mental health and also human computer interactions. This study allows one to understand how AI can help understand human behaviors, paving the way for a more effective and ethical use of machine learning in social and behavioral sciences. Vaibhavi Umesh Avachat | Dr. Brijendra Gupta "Extraction of Personality Traits from Online Traits" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78570.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/78570/extraction-of-personality-traits-from-online-traits/vaibhavi-umesh-avachat

Article 404 of the Civil Code of the Peoples Republic of China hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code contains the normal Business buyer Rules is of great significance. Its purpose is to protect the security of transactions, optimize the business environment, improve the efficiency of transactions, and promote the circulation of goods. In terms of theoretical disputes, some scholars deny the reform of its expansion from floating mortgage to chattel mortgage, and believe that the rule shocks the foundation of the chattel mortgage system, while others explain the rationality of the restricted chattel which is not subject to mortgage pursuit and the rules. The legal basis is the consent of the legal presumption when the mortgagee is silent. The constituent elements include chattel mortgage, normal business activities, payment of reasonable price, acquisition of mortgaged property and good faith of the buyer. In terms of legal effect, excluding the effect of the mortgage right, the mortgagee may request the mortgagor to pay off in advance or deposit the transfer price, and may claim the liability for breach of contract when it is prohibited. In terms of the burden of proof, the buyer shall bear the normal business activities, the payment of reasonable price and the acquisition of the mortgaged property, and the rule of presumption of good faith shall apply to the good faith judgment, and the person who is not in good faith shall provide evidence. Wang Deyu "Study on the Buyer Rules of Normal Operation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78391.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/78391/study-on-the-buyer-rules-of-normal-operation/wang-deyu

In recent years, the demand for effective and efficient sanitization and sterilization methods has surged due to the increasing concerns over infectious diseases and the need for maintaining clean environments. Ultraviolet UV based sanitization and sterilization robots have emerged as a promising solution to address this demand. These robots utilize UV C light, which has germicidal properties, to eliminate harmful microorganisms on various surfaces. This abstract presents an overview of UV based sanitization and sterilization robots, discussing their working principles, advantages, and limitations. The robots employ manually controlled navigation systems with camera surveillance to detect and sanitize target areas efficiently. They offer several advantages, including non toxicity, broad spectrum effectiveness, and time efficiency. Overall, UV based sanitization and sterilization robots have the potential to significantly contribute to maintaining clean and pathogen free environments, benefiting diverse industries such as healthcare, hospitality, and transportation.UV based sanitization and sterilization robots have gained significant attention as an innovative solution for combatting the spread of infectious diseases and ensuring hygienic environments. This paper provides an in depth analysis of UV based sanitization and sterilization robots, focusing on their operational principles, key features, and potential applications. These robots employ UV C light, a short wavelength ultraviolet light, to disrupt the DNA and RNA of microorganisms, rendering them inactive and incapable of replication. They offer several advantages, including rapid disinfection, cost effectiveness, and the ability to access hard to reach spaces. However, challenges such as shadowed areas, limited effectiveness on porous surfaces, and the need for proper safety precautions must be addressed. Further research and development efforts are essential to optimize their performance, address limitations, and ensure widespread adoption of this technology. Tripti R Kulkarni | Arun Vikas Singh | Vasudeva G | Bharathi Gururaj "Sanitization and Sterilization Robot Ultra Violet Based" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78655.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/78655/sanitization-and-sterilization-robot-ultra-violet-based/tripti-r-kulkarni

In the present study, leaf venation and morphometrically analysed in nine species belonging to the five genera of the Loranthaceae family in the Northern Karnataka region. Venation studies revealed that, in primary veins arrangement Acrodromus suprabasal type observed in Helicanthes elasticus, the remaining 8 species have shown pinnate primary venation. Leaf morphometrical studies with the help of PCA, cluster analysis and CD. It was observed that the quantitative characters viz., leaf length, leaf breadth, ratio of leaf length to leaf breadth, leaf base nerve number, petiole length, leaf lamina length and ratio of leaf lamina length to petiole lengths, have a great contribution in the separation of the taxa. Megha M. Hiremath | K. Kotresha | Ningaraj S. Makanur "Leaf Venation and Morphometric Studies in Some Members of Family Loranthaceae" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78656.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/78656/leaf-venation-and-morphometric-studies-in-some-members-of-family-loranthaceae/megha-m-hiremath

With the rapid expansion of online financial transactions, detecting fraudulent activity has become a significant concern. This study investigates the integration of scalable artificial intelligence AI technologies into fraud detection systems with a focus on maintaining a seamless and user friendly experience. By employing real time monitoring, intuitive alert systems, and machine learning algorithms, platforms can identify anomalous behaviors while minimizing disruption to users. The research emphasizes the need to balance robust security with usability, ensuring that fraud detection measures do not compromise transaction speed or user satisfaction. Additionally, the paper explores challenges such as alert fatigue, integration complexity, and privacy concerns, proposing solutions including adaptive learning models, blockchain integration, and collaborative frameworks with cybersecurity experts. The findings underscore the importance of designing fraud detection frameworks that are both scalable and responsive to evolving threats, without sacrificing the user experience. Dilip Kumar | Yashwant Kumar "Fraud Detection in Online Transactions: Enhancing User Experience with Scalable AI Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78658.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/78658/fraud-detection-in-online-transactions-enhancing-user-experience-with-scalable-ai-solutions/dilip-kumar

Cancer, a leading global cause of death, claimed nearly 10 million lives in 2020, with projections anticipating a surge to 27.5 million new cases by 2040 due to factors like population growth, aging demographics, and risky behaviors. This burden significantly impacts global life expectancy, ranking as a primary or secondary cause of death in 112 out of 183 countries before age 70. Studies in Southern India and North Cameroon underscore gaps in knowledge and awareness about specific cancers like cervical and breast cancer, respectively. Against this backdrop, this study conducted in the Khorda district of Odisha assesses the knowledge and attitudes of health workers towards cancer. Employing a non experimental descriptive survey design, the study delves into socio demographic variables, educational interventions, and years of experience among health workers, primarily females 78.94 and married individuals 61.84 . The study revealed significant findings among health workers regarding cancer knowledge and attitudes. A strong positive correlation Spearman’s rho = 0.96, p 0.0001 between knowledge and attitude was observed. T test results t = 28.93, p 0.0001 confirmed significant differences in knowledge scores. Chi square analysis showed religion was significantly associated with knowledge 2 = 7.544, p = .023 , while other socio demographic factors were not significantly associated. This research lays a crucial foundation for understanding health workers perceptions of cancer, providing valuable insights for tailored interventions. Future studies should explore the dynamic interplay of these factors to refine strategies for enhancing healthcare professionals engagement in cancer care, thus mitigating the escalating burden of this disease. N J Vasudevan | Mamata Swain | Ranjita Jena | Puspanjali Mohapatro | Ashish Swain | Soumili Samanta "Evaluating Cancer Awareness: Unveiling the Insights of Health Workers in Community Health Centers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78634.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78634/evaluating-cancer-awareness-unveiling-the-insights-of-health-workers-in-community-health-centers/n-j-vasudevan

In todays fast paced competitive manufacturing industry, training and development of employees have become strategic resources and not operational costs. While training is critical in providing the workforce with technical competencies, safety knowledge, and teamwork, organizations fail to notice the significance of monitoring the financial return on investment in training. This research examines the Return on Investment ROI of employee training and development in a manufacturing firm with emphasis on how formal learning programs result in quantifiable business returns such as productivity improvement, fewer errors, and improved retention. Through qualitative and quantitative factor study, the research seeks to determine the irrefutable connection between training activities and organizational growth. Dharani M V | Dr. T. R. Kalai Lakshmi "A Study on Return on Investment of Worker Training and Development in Manufacturing Company" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78633.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/78633/a-study-on-return-on-investment-of-worker-training-and-development-in-manufacturing-company/dharani-m-v

Quantum computing QC has emerged as a disruptive technology with the potential to revolutionize machine learning ML by solving computationally intractable problems exponentially faster than classical computers. This paper provides an in depth review of quantum machine learning QML , covering fundamental principles, key algorithms, hybrid quantum classical approaches, and real world applications. We analyze the latest advancements in quantum enhanced ML models, including quantum neural networks QNNs , quantum support vector machines QSVMs , and quantum optimization techniques. Additionally, we discuss critical challenges such as qubit de coherence, error correction, and scalability in noisy intermediate scale quantum NISQ devices. Finally, we outline future research directions, including fault tolerant quantum computing and quantum data encoding strategies. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers exploring the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. BhaveshKumar Navinchandra Ka Patel "Quantum Computing for Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79700.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/79700/quantum-computing-for-machine-learning-a-comprehensive-review-of-current-trends/bhaveshkumar-navinchandra-ka-patel

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections UTIs are among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. They primarily affect the lower urinary tract, involving the bladder and associated structures. Unlike complicated UTIs, uncomplicated cases occur in otherwise healthy individuals with no structural abnormalities of the urinary tract or significant comorbidities.Women are usually more susceptible to this infection and has a higher prevalence compared to the men. Poor personal hygiene, pregnancy, menopause, and the close anatomical relationship of the female urethra and the anus are some of the risk factors responsible for high prevalence of UTI. It has a substantial impact on quality of life of females. 21 The incidence of UTI is 0.5 to 0.7 episodes per person per year in females of whom 25 of them have recurrencesWorldwide estimated prevalence is 0.7 . The regional burden of these conditions is estimated to be highest in Asia. 19.7 24.4 . The prevalence of UTI varies from 21.8 to 31.3 in various parts of India. Out of this, Female 66.78 , Male 33.22 Male Female ratio 1 2.Female of child bearing age are more prone Common allopathic treatment antibiotics are recommended for all cases with 3 days treatment norm. trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin are first choice of drug. Dr. Hirva Vyas | Dr. Priyanka Shroff "Effectiveness of Homoeopathy in Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78660.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/78660/effectiveness-of-homoeopathy-in-urinary-tract-infection-a-case-report/dr-hirva-vyas

The analysis and design of a commercial building using ETABS involves creating a detailed architectural and structural plan, developing a three dimensional model of the building, analyzing the structure to determine internal forces and stresses, optimizing the design, and documenting the results. The process requires careful consideration of many factors, including building codes, materials, loads, and regulations. By using ETABS software, designers and engineers can accurately analyze and optimize the design of a commercial building to ensure its structural integrity and compliance with all requirements. The end result is a safe and efficient building that meets the needs of its occupants and stakeholders. Overall, the design and analysis of a G 3 commercial building using ETABS involves a detailed and complex process that requires careful consideration of many different factors. It is crucial to work with a team of experienced professionals to ensure the best possible outcome for the project. The use of Etabs in commercial building design and analysis is justified by its ability to handle complex geometries and load conditions, as well as its advanced analysis capabilities. It allows engineers to consider multiple design options and optimize the building structural performance while also ensuring compliance with relevant building codes and standards. 1. Analysis and Design of commercial building. 2. 3 D modelling. 3. Load conditions. 4. Building codes and standards. 5. Safety and stability. 6. Structural performance 7. Structural behavior Mrs. Bhavya S "Analysis and Design of G+3 Commercial Building using ETABS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78571.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/78571/analysis-and-design-of-g3-commercial-building-using-etabs/mrs-bhavya-s

Purpose The goal of the study is to investigate how consumer behavior is shaped by digital marketing and how it affects global product development. The study looks at how digital marketing affects economic growth to find methods for connecting with customers worldwide. The research analyzes consumer preferences and behavior trends to support strategic decision making in digital marketing. Search engine optimization SEO and digital marketing channels are two major areas of concentration, underscoring their importance in modern marketing strategies. Design Methodology Approach This article explores and investigates variables this study uses a quantitative methodology and a descriptive study design. Convenient sampling is used in the collection of 250 responses from various population groups. Google Forms is used to create online questionnaires that collect data, with an emphasis on original data from trustworthy sources. The measuring tool, a 32 item questionnaire, measures respondents perceptions using a 5 point Likert scale. Findings The shift towards digital platforms necessitates integrated marketing approaches. Quick information dissemination aids product assessment, while seamless online offline purchasing enhances customer satisfaction. Effective retention strategies include targeted re engagement, continuous communication, and complaint resolution. Digital marketing channels show strong associations, while age does not affect preferences for digital buying, as indicated by Chi Square test results. Practical implications This research focuses on transforming digital marketing into product development at the global level, better understanding consumer preferences, and analyzing consumer behaviour patterns. And also, This study investigates the global effects of digital marketing on consumer behavior and product development, with a focus on the relationships that exist between search engine optimization and consumer engagement. For firms to succeed in the digital age, they recommends integrated marketing methods, streamlined purchasing procedures, and efficient customer retention techniques. Ganeshkumar M | K. Kavitha | S. Priya | A. Celina "Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78576.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/78576/impact-of-digital-marketing-on-consumer-behaviour/ganeshkumar-m

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Gauss Seidel and Successive Over Relaxation SOR methods for solving large systems of linear equations. While direct methods like Gaussian elimination provide exact solutions, iterative methods are often preferred for large, sparse systems due to their computational efficiency. The SOR method, an enhanced version of the Gauss Seidel method, introduces a relaxation parameter to accelerate convergence. A computational program was developed to determine the optimal relaxation factor and minimize the number of iterations. Aakar Roghelia | Dipti Patel "Sor vs Gauss-Seidel: Racing Towards Convergence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78603.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/computational-science/78603/sor-vs-gaussseidel-racing-towards-convergence/aakar-roghelia

The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the manufacturing sector with cutting edge technologies such as Digital Twin DT , which enables real time monitoring, simulation, and optimization of production systems. Digital Twin technology integrates IoT sensors, Artificial Intelligence AI , Big Data analytics, and cloud computing to create a dynamic, data driven representation of physical assets. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of DT architecture, key enabling technologies, and real time optimization strategies in manufacturing. We discuss the challenges associated with implementation, including data synchronization, computational complexity, and cybersecurity risks. Additionally, case studies demonstrate the impact of DT on predictive maintenance, quality control, downtime reduction, and energy efficiency. The results indicate significant improvements in production speed, defect rate reduction, and resource utilization. Finally, we explore future trends and research directions for enhancing DT adoption in smart manufacturing environments. Navneetkumar R Rafaliya "Digital Twin Technology for Smart Manufacturing: Real-Time Process Optimization and Operational Efficiency" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79702.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79702/digital-twin-technology-for-smart-manufacturing-realtime-process-optimization-and-operational-efficiency/navneetkumar-r-rafaliya

This study investigates the severity dynamics of terrorism in Northern Nigeria through the lens of the Anarchical Coefficient of Terrorism ACT , utilizing Regularization Regression Models RRMs , specifically Lasso and Ridge regression techniques. The primary objective is to identify significant predictors of terrorism severity, such as the number of perpetrators per incident, casualties per incident, and incidents per city, while providing a predictive framework for policymakers and security agencies, and also quantifying the chaotic characteristics inherent in the regions terrorism landscape. Analyzing a terrormographic dataset from 1991 to 2024, the research seeks to discern the patterns and relationships among key variables influencing terror incidents. Methodologically, rigorous data validation tests, including assessments for multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and normality, are conducted to address challenges in high dimensional data before model fitting. The results demonstrate strong model performance, with R² values indicating substantial explanatory power for the variance in incident variables. Key findings reveal that high casualty incidents are strongly associated with future attacks, indicating a cycle of violence, while enhanced security in high casualty cities effectively reduces the likelihood of subsequent incidents. Furthermore, the study underscores the role of organized terrorist groups with high incident perpetrator ratios in sustaining violence. This highlights the importance of monitoring organized groups with high incident perpetrator ratios, indicating their potential to execute multiple attacks. These insights emphasize the necessity of proactive counter terrorism strategies, including intelligence gathering, community engagement, and tailored interventions based on the regions anarchical dynamics. The contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of terrorism severity dynamics, addressing critical gaps in existing literature and informing strategic responses to mitigate the impact of terrorism in Northern Nigeria. However, it acknowledges limitations related to data constraints and model applicability. Future research directions suggest the need for longitudinal studies and comparative analyses to enhance the understanding of terrorism severity dynamics in diverse regions. Israel Jacob Udoh | Oluranti Janet Faleye | Orishadipe, Precious Oluwafikayomi "A Regularization Regression Model of Severity Dynamics of Terrorism: The Northern Nigerian Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78573.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/78573/a-regularization-regression-model-of-severity-dynamics-of-terrorism-the-northern-nigerian-perspective/israel-jacob-udoh

The main objective is to review various fraud detection methods used on ATM cards and analyze their performance. The performance analysis is based on parameters such as accuracy, speed, and cost. The paper discusses various fraud detection techniques, including Neural Network based fraud detection, Genetic Algorithm Based on the human brain’s working principle, learning from past experiences to make decisions about fraudulent or non fraudulent transactions. The Genetic Algorithm approach detects fraud in real time and minimize false alerts based on customer’s behavior. The paper concludes that the implementation of an efficient fraud detection system is the main challenges, and a comparative study of various fraud detection techniques is essential to reduce ATM card fraud in India. Sahit Kumar | Dhiraj Kumar "Bank Fraud and Scam in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd76206.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/76206/bank-fraud-and-scam-in-india/sahit-kumar

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding neural tube defect among pregnant women in selected rural area in Barabanki. The study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude regarding neural tube defect among pregnant women in selected village Dahila of Barabanki. Objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding NTD among pregnant women, to assess the level of attitude regarding NTD among pregnant women, to find out relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding NTD among pregnant women, to find out the association between the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables among pregnant women, to find out the association between the level of attitude with selected demographic variables among pregnant women. Quantitative approach and descriptive survey research design was used in this study. Total 80 sample were selected through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by researcher through structured interview schedule. Structured knowledge questionnaire containing 15 items was used to assess knowledge and five point Likert scale to assess attitude. Data was collected during 01 05 2024 to 30 05 2024 in Dahila village. Results revealed that almost 50 pregnant women had poor knowledge, 47.5 pregnant women had average knowledge and 2.50 pregnant women had good knowledge regarding NTD. Similarly, about 62 pregnant women had neutral attitude, 32 pregnant women had negative attitude and only 5 pregnant women had positive attitude regarding neural tube defect. There was low positive correlation between knowledge and attitude score of pregnant r= 0.49 . Study finds that there was no statistically significant association between knowledge level of pregnant women with their selected demographic variables, as well as there was no significant association between most of selected demographic variables with attitude of pregnant women regarding NTS except their educational status. Abhilasha Saha | Anupam Verma "Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Neural Tube Defect among Pregnant Women in Selected Rural Area in Barabanki" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78635.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/78635/knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-neural-tube-defect-among-pregnant-women-in-selected-rural-area-in-barabanki/abhilasha-saha

The transition toward sustainable electric mobility has accelerated the demand for advanced lightweight materials that can enhance electric vehicle EV performance while maintaining structural integrity and energy efficiency. This study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and aerodynamic properties of key lightweight materials—Aluminum Alloy 6061 T6 , Magnesium Alloy AZ91D , Carbon Fiber Composite, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP , and Titanium Alloy Ti 6Al 4V —through experimental testing, simulations, and industry based validation. Tensile, fatigue, and impact tests were performed under ASTM and ISO standards, while computational analyses provided insights into crashworthiness, aerodynamic drag, and battery cooling efficiency. Among the materials tested, Carbon Fiber Composite exhibited superior tensile and fatigue strength, while Magnesium Alloy AZ91D provided the lowest density, significantly reducing overall vehicle weight. Aluminum Alloy 6061 T6 demonstrated excellent thermal conductivity, making it ideal for battery enclosures, and Titanium Alloy Ti 6Al 4V showed exceptional impact resistance. The findings provide a comparative framework for selecting optimal materials for different EV components, aiming to guide automakers in developing safer, more efficient, and sustainable electric vehicles. Kaushal Girishkumar Amin "Impact of Lightweight Material Technologies on EV Manufacturing: Enhancing Performance and Sustainability" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/79701/impact-of-lightweight-material-technologies-on-ev-manufacturing-enhancing-performance-and-sustainability/kaushal-girishkumar-amin

Strategic innovations are essential tools for measuring an organizations internal and external performance, assessing strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and trends to achieve economic growth and development. Strategists must effectively manage these challenges to ensure productivity, profitability, and sustainability. Unfortunately, in Nigeria today, there appears to be a decline in the motivation to enhance employee productivity. This has become a major concern for healthcare practitioners and strategic management scholars. The health sector requires strategic innovation systems to effectively manage healthcare practitioners productivity activities in teaching hospitals across South West Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the effect of strategic innovation on employee productivity of healthcare practitioners of selected teaching hospitals in South West, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population was 11,600 senior and middle level healthcare practitioners from selected teaching hospitals in South West, Nigeria, who are registered by the West African College of Physicians in Nigeria and Federal Ministry of Health. The sample size of 484 was determined using Raosoft sample size calculator. Respondents were selected by simple random sampling technique. Structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. The response rate was 85.1 . Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential multiple liner regression statistics at 5 level of significance. Findings revealed that strategic innovation had a significant effect on employee productivity Adj. R² = 0.509, F 5,405 = 86.006, p 0.05 of selected teaching hospitals in South West, Nigeria. This study concluded that strategic innovations significantly affect employee productivity of healthcare practitioners in selected teaching hospitals in South West, Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that management of selected teaching hospitals should adopt the use of strategic innovations in order to enhance healthcare practitioners’ productivity. Soetan, T. A. | Makinde, O. G. | Ehuwayijomo, G. P. "Strategic Innovation and Productivity of Healthcare Practitioners in Selected Teaching Hospitals in South West, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79703.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/79703/strategic-innovation-and-productivity-of-healthcare-practitioners-in-selected-teaching-hospitals-in-south-west-nigeria/soetan-t-a

Traditional Knowledge TK in tribal communities represents a vast repository of indigenous wisdom, encompassing medicinal practices, folklore, agriculture, and environmental conservation. It is integral to their cultural identity and way of life. However, TK faces significant threats from modernization, globalization, environmental degradation, and legal complexities. The increasing shift toward urban employment and mainstream education has distanced younger generations from ancestral knowledge, while the decline of tribal languages risks the oral transmission of TK. One major challenge is the lack of formal documentation, making TK vulnerable to loss and exploitation. Biopiracy, where external entities extract valuable knowledge without consent or compensation, is a growing concern. Existing intellectual property rights IPR laws do not adequately protect collective knowledge systems, leaving indigenous communities at risk. Furthermore, environmental degradation, including deforestation and climate change, threatens the biodiversity essential for many traditional practices, directly impacting the continuity of TK. To address these challenges, community driven documentation of TK through digital archives and oral history projects is crucial. Strengthening legal protections and ensuring benefit sharing agreements are enforced will safeguard indigenous knowledge. Governments and NGOs must involve tribal representatives in policy making processes, promoting the integration of TK into formal education systems to bridge generational gaps. Collaboration between tribal knowledge holders and researchers can ensure ethical bioprospecting, while sustainable economic opportunities can incentivize the preservation of traditional practices. In conclusion, safeguarding TK requires a multi dimensional approach that integrates legal, educational, and environmental strategies, ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage, biodiversity, and social justice for tribal communities. Dr. Veeresha M "Vanishing Wisdom: Challenges and Strategies for Preserving Traditional Knowledge in Tribal Communities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79705.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/79705/vanishing-wisdom-challenges-and-strategies-for-preserving-traditional-knowledge-in-tribal-communities/dr-veeresha-m

This study investigated Indigenous games and knowledge acquisition among children aged 7 to 11 years of Moghamo in Cameroon. Many Cameroonian communities are experiencing a decline in cultural heritage due to modern influences and the imposition of Western values within our different educational agencies. The current educational system primarily emphasises sciences and modernity, which often neglects the importance of indigenous knowledge. The impacts of colonisation and religion have led many Africans to believe that true development can only stem from external sources, which diminish the value of local ideas and promotes a focus on exogenous development, including formal education. This study therefore focused on investigating the relationship between indigenous games and knowledge acquisition among children 7 to 11 years old.Methods This study was carried out in Batibo Sub Division, Momo Division in the North West Region of Cameroon. A concurrent mixed method approach was used in this study, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection to give a thorough account of how well indigenous games leads to knowledge acquisition among children age 7 to 11 years. Using simple random and purposive sampling technique, 377 and 28 groups of parents were selected to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from children while a focus group discussion guide was used to collect qualitative date from parents. The quantitative data was analysed using percentages, frequencies, means and simple linear Regression was used to verify the hypothesis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.Findings Simple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent to which indigenous games could predict knowledge acquisition in children 7 – 11years . A data set encompassing 376 individuals was analysed, correlating indigenous games to respective knowledge acquisition. The average level of participation in indigenous games within the sample was 13.48 SD = 3.625 , and the average knowledge acquisition was 14.84 SD = 3.973 . The linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant model F 1,375 = 117.733, p .000 , with an R² value of 0.239 suggesting that 23.9 of the variance in knowledge acquisition was explained by participation in indigenous games among the sampled children.Conclusion From the results, the study concluded that indigenous games significantly influence the acquisition of knowledge among children within 7 and 11years old. Recommendations Based on the findings, some recommendations were made to parents, elders, educational stakeholders and elites of the communities as follows parents should actively involve children in traditional games that are prevalent in the Moghamo culture. This engagement will help children learn cultural values and enhances cognitive and social skills. For example, games that involve counting or strategic thinking can reinforce numeracy and problem solving skills. Fon Irine Abah | Nsagha Sarah Mboshi | Asangha Ngufor Muki "Indigenous Games and Knowledge Acquisition among Children (7-11 Years Old) of Moghamo in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79719.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79719/indigenous-games-and-knowledge-acquisition-among-children-711-years-old-of-moghamo-in-cameroon/fon-irine-abah

A virtual assistant is a remote administrative assistant who works for a company or individual on a self employed, or contract basis. It works remotely, using technology to complete assignments. It should be tech savvy, having a wide range of computer skills and a high level of proficiency with commonly used software and business programs. Personal virtual assistants VPAs are remote professionals who offer a wide range of services tailored to individual needs, from managing schedules to handling daily tasks. They are individuals or systems that provide administrative and personal support services remotely, often via digital channels like email or messaging. They can handle tasks ranging from scheduling appointments and managing emails to research, travel arrangements, and even some physical tasks like grocery shopping. This paper introduces the readers to virtual assistants in general and virtual personal assistants in particular. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Virtual Personal Assistants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79720.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79720/virtual-personal-assistants/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Internet of Things IoT has transformed industries by enabling seamless data collection, automation, and real time decision making. A critical component of IoT systems is advanced sensing technology capable of high sensitivity, selectivity, and energy efficiency. Quantum dots QDs , nanoscale semiconductor particles with unique optoelectronic properties, have emerged as a revolutionary material for next generation sensors. This paper provides an in depth study of quantum dot based sensors and their integration into IoT applications. We explore the fundamental principles of QDs, their advantages over conventional sensing technologies, and various types of QD based sensors, including optical, chemical, and biological sensors. Additionally, we examine their applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, industrial automation, and smart agriculture. The challenges related to stability, scalability, and costs are discussed, along with future research directions to enhance the performance and adoption of QD based IoT sensors. BhaveshKumar Navinchandra Ka Patel "Quantum Dot-Based Sensors for IoT Applications: Real-World Impact and Technological Insights" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79731.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79731/quantum-dotbased-sensors-for-iot-applications-realworld-impact-and-technological-insights/bhaveshkumar-navinchandra-ka-patel

The introduction of the Free Bus Scheme in Tamil Nadu has been a significant public policy initiative aimed at promoting social equity and economic mobility, particularly for women, students, low income earners, and the elderly. Launched in May 2021, this scheme provides free access to public transportation services on white board buses, which represent the most affordable and widely used public transport routes. This study examines the socio economic impact of the Free Bus Scheme in Madurai District, with a focus on changes in commuting patterns, savings, gender mobility, and overall satisfaction among daily commuters. The research employs both quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews and observations methods to assess the effectiveness of the scheme. The findings suggest that the Free Bus Scheme has led to increased mobility, improved access to employment opportunities, and financial savings for many beneficiaries, particularly women. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and bus frequency issues have been identified. This paper also discusses the broader implications of this policy for future transport planning and social welfare strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu. Dr. P. Amarjothi | Santhosh. S | Alexander Danifel. S "Socio-Economic Impact of the Free Bus Scheme on Daily Commuters in Madurai District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78659.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/general-management/78659/socioeconomic-impact-of-the-free-bus-scheme-on-daily-commuters-in-madurai-district/dr-p-amarjothi

With improvement in network technologies like 4G and 5G enhancing the speed of connection and familiarity of smartphones with the general public has made mobile commerce to boom in recent years. One such subset of m commerce is e commerce, which concentrate on delivering goods to public using ecommerce websites with few days from ordering. However urban people always prefer to have their goods delivered to their door step within the shortest duration of time due to their busy lifestyle. The Further improvement in technology mobile banking and introduction of Artificial Intelligence have paved way to a new commerce known as quick commerce, which operates with an objective to deliver goods with an hour from ordering by constructing local warehouses named as dark houses. Certain quick commerce websites include Zepto, blinkit, Swiggy insta mart and bigbasket. The emergence of quick commerce and implementation of AI in its supply chain management will definitely have both positive and negative impacts. This paper mainly identifies such impact like increased efficiency, productivity and effectiveness, reduced cost, job losses and security concerns and it concludes that majority of the respondents are aware about quick commerce and implementation of AI in the process of supply chain optimisation. It also infers that implementation of AI has enhanced customer experience by proving their desired products rendering customer service through AI powered chatbots and improving the efficiency of last mile delivery. This paper also discusses about the role of AI in optimizing q commerce supply chain management. Prof. Dr. Jawale Dnyaneshwar Vinayakrao "Impact of AI on Quick Commerce Supply Chain Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79683.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/79683/impact-of-ai-on-quick-commerce-supply-chain-management/prof-dr-jawale-dnyaneshwar-vinayakrao

The rapid advancement in Internet of Things IoT technology has led to an exponential increase in connected devices and data generation. However, traditional IoT systems often struggle to handle massive data volumes and make intelligent decisions in real time. The integration of Artificial Intelligence AI and Machine Learning ML into IoT systems forming what is known as Intelligent IoT IIoT provides a powerful approach to address these limitations. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of Intelligent IoT, focusing on system architecture, AI ML techniques, real world applications, and key challenges. The paper also discusses future trends including TinyML, federated learning, and the use of blockchain for enhancing security. Examples, figures, and case studies are provided to support the concepts and illustrate the transformative potential of Intelligent IoT across various sectors. BhaveshKumar Navinchandra Ka Patel "Intelligent IoT: Leveraging AI and Machine Learning for Smart Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79732.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79732/intelligent-iot-leveraging-ai-and-machine-learning-for-smart-devices/bhaveshkumar-navinchandra-ka-patel

The “Internet of Medical Things” IoMT is the network of interconnected, smart medical devices, sensors, and other healthcare technologies that collect and exchange health data for improved patient care, diagnosis, and treatment. IoMT is said to build upon the concept of the Internet of Things IoT , applying it to the health sector. This has to do with embedding electronics and sensors into medical devices and wearables, allowing them to communicate and share data over a network. IoMT with its attendant benefits is faced with challenges and limitations, but also has a lot of future prospects for humanity. The paper examines the pros and cons of Internet of Medical Things and its future prospects for man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Medical Things" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79734.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79734/internet-of-medical-things/paul-a-adekunte

The aim of using technology in the finance industry is to achieve faster transactions and improved security, convenience, and accessibility. Emerging technologies which include artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of things, robotic process automation, and cloud computing are transforming the financial services industry, where technological advances have skyrocketed and added complexities to an already turbulent landscape. Fintech companies, investors, traders, and other individuals can use these financial technologies to improve efficiency, productivity, and investment return. These advances can offer new services and savings to both consumers and financial institutions. In this paper, we will examine the top emerging technologies in finance industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Financial Services" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79735.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79735/emerging-technologies-in-financial-services/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The dual axis solar tracker project aims to optimize the efficiency of solar panels by ensuring they are always aligned with the sun. Originating from the necessity to enhance solar energy capture, this project builds on the work of previous researchers who developed various solar tracking mechanisms. Historically, solar trackers have been implemented using different methods such as single axis tracking systems and manual adjustments, but these methods often fall short in maximizing solar exposure throughout the day. Previous works have successfully integrated basic solar tracking with microcontrollers and sensors however, they frequently lack real time adaptability and mobile charging capabilities. Our project addresses these gaps by incorporating a dual axis tracking system driven by a microcontroller and Light Dependent Resistors for precise light tracking. The solar tracker employs a solar panel, capable of efficiently capturing solar energy. The energy captured is displayed on a display device, which provides real time feedback on the system’s performance. Additionally, the structure is supported by a pan tilt mechanism that allows the solar panel to adjust its position along both horizontal and vertical axes, ensuring optimal alignment with the sun. A notable feature of this project is the inclusion of a Type C charging port, which enables the stored solar energy to be used for mobile device charging, providing a practical application of the captured energy. This innovation not only demonstrates the efficiency of the solar tracker but also offers a convenient and sustainable solution for mobile charging needs. Our system’s design ensures enhanced solar energy capture, real time adaptability, and practical usability, setting it apart from previous implementations in this field. Priyam Bhattacharya "Dual-Axis Solar Tracker" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79694.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/realtime-computing/79694/dualaxis-solar-tracker/priyam-bhattacharya

Political automation refers to the use of technology, particularly artificial intelligence AI , machine learning ML , data analytics, and automated systems, in order to automate political processes such as voting, campaigning management, governance, decision making, and public engagement. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, from social media bots and automated voter outreach to blockchain based voting systems. Governments were once staffed exclusively with human bureaucrats, but now routinely make use of AI based software to garner information about citizens to make decisions that will impact their lives. As at today, in many nations this has grossly affected and reduced the level of privacy people can enjoy, how far they can travel, what public benefits they may receive, as well as what they can say and cannot say publicly. The paper looks into the pros and cons, the challenges, and solutions to the issue of political automation in the global context. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Political Automation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79736.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79736/political-automation/paul-a-adekunte

Language has long been a tool for constructing and reinforcing power dynamics, particularly in relation to gender. English literature, spanning from early canonical texts to contemporary works, offers a lens through which we can analyze how language shapes gender roles and power structures. This paper explores the historical and contemporary portrayal of gendered language and power relations in literature. Examining the works of William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Virginia Woolf, and contemporary writers like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the study highlights how linguistic choices reflect, challenge, or reinforce gendered power hierarchies. The article also considers feminist linguistic theories and their application to literature, shedding light on the evolution of gender discourse in literary narratives. Raghavendra A "Language, Gender, and Power Dynamics in English Literature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79775.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/79775/language-gender-and-power-dynamics-in-english-literature/raghavendra-a

Rasayana, a specialized branch of Ayurveda, focuses on rejuvenation and immune modulation, offering profound insights into maintaining and enhancing health through a holistic approach. This ancient practice aims to restore the balance of Doshas, enhance Agni digestive fire , and strengthen Dhatus tissues to promote longevity, vitality, and resistance to diseases. The primary goal of Rasayana therapy is to bolster immunity Ojas by optimizing tissue quality, countering premature aging, and enhancing physical and mental well being. With increasing modern day challenges such as environmental changes, sedentary lifestyles, and rising rates of chronic illnesses, Rasayana holds particular relevance today. It can be categorized into Kamya, Naimittika, and Ajashrik Rasayana, each addressing specific health needs from disease prevention to daily well being. Rasayana herbs, such as Ashwagandha, Brahmi, and Guduchi, demonstrate significant antioxidant, immuno modulatory, and adaptogenic properties, offering a comprehensive therapeutic approach to mitigate oxidative stress, support immune health, and enhance cognitive functions. Free radicals are the result of normal metabolism , exposure to radiation and some environmental pollutants being highly reactive, they can damage cellular components and are responsible in various diseases. Free radicals are normally neutralized by efficient systems in the body that include the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the nutrient derived antioxidant small molecules vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenes, flavonoids, glutathione, uric acid, and taurine . In healthy individuals, a delicate balance exists between free radicals and antioxidants. In some pathologic conditions such as diabetes, and in critically ill patients, oxidative stress causes the level of antioxidants to fall below normal. Antioxidant supplements for such conditions are expected to be of benefit. As a preventive measure against certain diseases, the best approach for healthy individuals is to regularly consume adequate amounts of antioxidant rich foods. As modern science increasingly investigates Ayurvedic principles, the integration of Rasayana therapy into contemporary healthcare systems could offer a sustainable, natural approach to improving immunity and public health, leading to a better quality of life for all. Dr. Aradhna Saklani | Dr. Tushita Badhani "Rasayana: The Ancient Science of Immuno Modulation and Its Modern-Day Relevance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79718.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79718/rasayana-the-ancient-science-of-immuno-modulation-and-its-modernday-relevance/dr-aradhna-saklani

Energy management schemes and policies are validated methods and policy instruments for the implementation of sustainable energy production in manufacturing and other industries. This paper describes the estimated electricity consumption and expense findings at a large building in Bangladesh subtropical Dhaka Town. Also, the energy management criterion and the saving. Energy management becomes a requirement for long term sustainability which cannot be overemphasized. Compliance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreements is also a fetal factor. Energy efficiency is only one fundamental requirement for green buildings. According to the observation it is obtained that air conditioning was found to be the largest end use of power, accounting for more than 32 per cent of the total energy consumption of building. Lighting is another higher power consuming equipment. Lighting electricity usage varies from 2 to 10 per cent of overall power based on the size of industry. Innovation and quality improvement in the lighting industry have created significant opportunities for energy saving in this area. Lighting is an area which, apart from good operational practices, provides a major scope for achieving energy efficiency at the design stage by incorporating modern energy efficient lamps, luminaires, and gears. In the previous year of the implementation the energy use per square meter is about 109.82 kWh which drop down to 95.87 kWh within one year. The electricity consumption is drop about 12.7 within the first year. The cost analysis and payback times were determined in this Energy audit by replacing the higher consumption equipment with Energy efficient equipment. The benefit of introducing energy efficiency programs in buildings is significant in terms of both carbon production and cost savings. Shubham Kumar | Dr. Nand Kishore "Study of Energy Management and Cost Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79783.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/79783/study-of-energy-management-and-cost-analysis/shubham-kumar

The main aim of this paper is to develop a GSM and GPS Based vehicle accident location alert system. In recent studies it is found that there is rapid increase of road accidents day by day and not getting proper rescue system and alert of accident location, due to this many people lost their lives. This system is designed with minimum number of circuit components. We are going to implement here a system using a vibration sensor to detect heavily collision, accelerometer sensor to check orientation of vehicle, GPS module to collect longitude and latitude of accident location and GSM module to send SMS of location of accident to family members or rescue team. By using this type of system in all types of vehicles can help to save lives of many people in road accident condition. Prof. Amol Halde | Miss Aakansha Mahirale | Mr. Bhavesh Chavhan | Mr. Shubham Katyare | Mr. Manish Patil | Mr. Saurabh Parskar "Accident Detection and SMS Alert System using Mobile Phone" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79784.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/79784/accident-detection-and-sms-alert-system-using-mobile-phone/prof-amol-halde

The two terms, “smart factory” and “smart manufacturing” are often used interchangeably. However, while “smart manufacturing” is the broader concept of using advanced technologies to improve manufacturing processes, a “smart factory” is the implementation of those technologies in a specific manufacturing facility. A smart factory SF is a highly digitized and connected production facility that makes use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence AI , advanced robotics, 3D printing, and the Internet of Things IoT to optimize production processes, improve product quality, and reduce costs. Smart factories are the real world manifestation of the broader concept of manufacturing. The paper delves into the benefits, challenges, solutions to the challenges, and the prospects to the future of smart factory to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Factory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79797.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79797/smart-factory/paul-a-adekunte

In the era of next generation wireless communication, the demand for enhanced data rates, reliability, and Quality of Service QoS has catalyzed the adoption of Multi Input Multi Output MIMO systems. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of MIMO systems using various modulation schemes over Additive White Gaussian Noise AWGN and Rician fading channels. Furthermore, it integrates a deep learning based optimization framework to enhance QoS in multi user MIMO environments. Simulation results demonstrate how different modulation techniques BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM perform under both AWGN and Rician channels, and how neural networks can predict optimal resource allocation to minimize Bit Error Rate BER and latency. The work offers valuable insights into modulation performance and deep learning driven QoS optimization in modern wireless networks. Anil Bhushan "Optimization of Wireless QoS using Deep Learning in Multi-User MIMO Environments" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79798.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/79798/optimization-of-wireless-qos-using-deep-learning-in-multiuser-mimo-environments/anil-bhushan

Cloud computing is the on demand delivery of different computing services over the Internet, including databases, software, servers, and analytics. It means accessing data storage, applications, and computing power via the Internet. Cloud computing has revolutionized various industries, and the financial sector is no exception. It enables financial institutions to reduce their data storage costs with a pay as you go pricing model, as opposed to paying significant upfront costs to deploy and maintain large on premise systems. The finance sector is experiencing the profound impact of cloud technology. Cloud computing is essential for the financial services industry, driving security, efficiency, and innovation. This paper explores the impact that cloud computing is having on financial services. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Financial Services" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79799.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79799/cloud-computing-in-financial-services/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Automation involves the creation of computer software and automated systems that can complete repeatable processes and reduce the need for human intervention. Over the past decade, automation has dramatically changed how companies do business. Automation is transforming the law profession. Legal automation involves the application of software to automate the manual or routine tasks traditionally performed by legal professionals. Automation simplifies repetitive tasks, freeing up time and resources for more strategic work. Whether it is drafting contracts or generating compliance documents, automation allows teams to work faster and more accurately. In this paper, we will examine how automation is being applied in different legal practice areas. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Legal Automation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79800.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79800/legal-automation/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Internet of things IoT is an advanced technology that enables networks of connected devices such as sensors, cameras, and smart gadgets to collect real time data, transfer it to the cloud for processing and analysis, and react to events in real time. IoT industry is developing rapidly and it provides people with a range of digital devices and sensors all around the world. It is evident that the IoT industry is booming, and there are many benefits for banking and financial services in adopting connected technologies. The Internet of things and financial services create a beneficial combination. IoT plays an important role in banking and finance, ensuring efficient data collection and processing. In this paper, we explore the applications of IoT in banking and finance. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Financial Services" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79816.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79816/internet-of-things-in-financial-services/matthew-n-o-sadiku

As the limitations of silicon based CMOS technologies become increasingly pronounced at sub 7 nm nodes, alternative transistor architectures and logic paradigms are gaining traction. Among these, graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors GNRFETs offer promising prospects for implementing multi valued logic systems, particularly ternary logic, due to their exceptional electrical, thermal, and scaling characteristics. This literature survey investigates the state of the art in GNRFET research with a specific focus on their application in ternary logic circuits. Key developments in GNRFET based gate design, digital building blocks, and simulation methodologies are reviewed, alongside their performance advantages in terms of power, delay, and scalability over conventional MOSFETs. As a case study, a novel 26 transistor 1 trit ternary multiplier architecture is introduced, demonstrating the potential of GNRFETs in compact, high efficiency ternary computing systems. The review consolidates existing knowledge while highlighting future research directions for integrating GNRFET based ternary logic into ultra low power VLSI design. Niriksha B | Anushree S | C J Siri | Akshata Rayannavar "Graphene Nanoribbon FETs for Multi-Valued Logic: Literature Insights and a Compact Ternary Multiplier Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79758.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/79758/graphene-nanoribbon-fets-for-multivalued-logic-literature-insights-and-a-compact-ternary-multiplier-design/niriksha-b

Malaria is a major concern in Nigeria, and stands as the second leading cause of death from all infectious disease in Africa. Several studies have reported the damaging effect of the parasite to various body organs especially the liver. Reports over time has shown the benefits of various plants extracts in ethno medicine. However, not much have been done on the effects of some of these extracts in combined form on its hepato protective assessment in comparison with any known ACT based anti malaria. The focus of this study was to explore the hepato protective properties of ethanoic extract of Carica papaya Linn, AzadirachtaIndica, CymbopogonCitratusagainst ACT based antimalarial therapy on plasmodium berghei parasitized wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts were done according to the method described by Treaseand Evans. Hepato protective assessment were done using the liver function tests and assay of the liver histology respectively. One hundred and ten 110 rats distributed into 11 groups, each group having 10rats were used for the experiment. Negative control received just feed and water, Positive control were induced with the malaria parasite and given feed and water only. The tests groups were induced with malaria, received feed and water and treated with 500mg kg, 250mg kg and 165mg kg doses of the extracts, both individually and in combined forms, as well as the standard ACT anti malaria. Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts possessed high concentration of Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins and Alkaloids. Plasmodium berghei increased the activities of ALP, ASP and ALT when compared with the positive control group. This may be attributed to increase in functional capacity of the liver as a result of the presence of the infection for the tests groups. Treatment with the plant extracts decreased ALP and ALT levels significantly P 0.05 , as well as AST levels except for the Neem extract. Histological examination of the liver of test animals showed no extensive damage to the tissue by the individual extracts when compared to the negative control group. Nnyaha Anthonia E. | Igbokwe Ugochukwu V. | Okonkwo Onyeka Chukwudi | Ajeka Prisca O. | Nwaissac Ikechukwu S. | Okpa Precious N. "Hepato-Protective Assessment of Pawpaw Leaves, Neem, Lemon Grass and Acts on Plasmodium Berghei Parasitized Wistar Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79828.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/79828/hepatoprotective-assessment-of-pawpaw-leaves-neem-lemon-grass-and-acts-on-plasmodium-berghei-parasitized-wistar-rats/nnyaha-anthonia-e

Background The main pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus DM is oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between production of free radicals and antioxidant system in the body. Persistent hyperglycemia causes increased production of free radicals especially reactive oxygen species ROS , in tissues from glucose auto oxidation and protein glycosylation. Aim To investigate the comparative effect of Aloe vera gel, rind and a combination of gel and rind on the oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods 25 male wistar rats weighing between 220–260g were used for this study. They were divided into five groups A E of 5 rats each. Group A served as positive control group and received distilled water only. Group B was the negative diabetic group with no extract administration. Groups C, D and E were diabetic groups that received 300mg kg of Aloe vera rind, 300mg kg of Aloe vera gel and combination of 150mg kg of Aloe vera rind and 150 mg kg of Aloe vera gel respectively. Extract administration was done orally, once daily for 14 days. At the end of administration, oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed. Results There was significant decrease in SOD level in group B 9.87±0.20 when compared with the control 15.88±0.39 . Conversely, groups C 17.50±0.35 and D 17.94±0.22 showed significant increase when compared with the control. However, group E showed no significant change when compared with the control 15.88±0.39 . On the other hand, there was significant increase in SOD in control group A 15.88±0.39 and all the test groups when compared with group B 9.87±0.20 . Similarly, a significant increase in MDA was observed in group B 5.39±0.20 when compared with the control 4.15±0.21 . Groups C 3.62±0.20 and D 3.23±0.12 showed significant decrease when compared with control 4.15±0.21 . Furthermore, group E 4.14±0.26 showed no significant difference when compared with the control 4.15± 0.2 . On the other hand, groups A and all the test groups showed significant decrease in MDA when compared with group B 5.39±0.20 .Conclusion Aloe vera gel and Aloe vera rind extracts singly appeared more potent in reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats when compared to combined extracts of Aloe vera rind gel at lower doses. M. C. Igbokwe | V. U. Igbokwe | N. N. Njoku-Oji "Comparative Effect of Aqueous Aloe Vera Extracts on Oxidative Stress in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79829.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/79829/comparative-effect-of-aqueous-aloe-vera-extracts-on-oxidative-stress-in-alloxaninduced-diabetic-wistar-rats/m-c-igbokwe

The term urticaria originates from the Latin word urtica, meaning stinging hair or “nettle”. Dr. Niva Goti | Dr. Rahesh Sanja "Urticaria: A Hypersensitivity Reaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79832.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/79832/urticaria-a-hypersensitivity-reaction/dr-niva-goti

Big data refers to extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions. It is a term used to describe the large and complex datasets that are generated by businesses, organizations, and individuals. Big data in finance refers to large, diverse structured and unstructured and complex sets of data that can be used to provide solutions to long standing business challenges for financial services and banking companies around the world. Big data analytics is transforming financial services by enabling institutions to analyze vast datasets, identify patterns, and make more informed decisions. Businesses across industries are using this technology for a wide range of purposes, including fraud detection, predictive analysis, and market research. Financial institutions leverage big data to personalize services, offer tailored products, and predict future outcomes. This paper seeks to explore the current landscape of big data in banking and other financial services. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-2 , April 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79831.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79831/big-data-in-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku