A piezoelectric shoe is a type of footwear that integrates piezoelectric materials within its sole and heel to generate electricity from mechanical pressure. These materials produce electrical energy when compressed by the wearers movement, converting kinetic energy into usable electrical power. This energy can then be harnessed to power electronic devices or charge batteries, offering a sustainable energy solution. The technology holds significant potential for applications in various fields, including sports and fitness tracking, military operations, and emergency response systems. As wearable technology continues to evolve, the piezoelectric shoe stands out as an innovative way to tap into the bodys natural energy. By transforming the mechanical energy produced from walking or running into electricity, it provides an efficient means of energy harvesting. This abstract highlights the core functionality, potential benefits, and future applications of piezoelectric shoes, demonstrating how they could revolutionize energy harvesting in wearable devices. Mariya Zareen "Phishing Website Detection using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Data-Driven Approach to Cybersecurity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79945.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/79945/phishing-website-detection-using-machine-learning-algorithms-a-datadriven-approach-to-cybersecurity/mariya-zareen

ECG arrhythmia type classification is an important task in cardiovascular healthcare. The imbalance among the classes in ECG datasets constitutes a major hurdle for the development of an accurate classification model, especially for rare idiosyncratic arrhythmia types relevant clinically. The paper presents a novel method using generative adversarial networks to mitigate class imbalance in the MIT BIH Arrhythmia Database. We create an LSTM GAN based model to generate synthetic ECGs for minority classes, with which we create a balanced dataset for training. We compare several algorithms LightGBM, XGBoost, Random Forest on the original imbalanced dataset versus the Balanced Dataset obtained after GANs augmentation. Our findings indicate substantial enhancement in the classification performance across all metrics, with extremely favorable outcomes for minority arrhythmia class detection. Using the balanced dataset, the macro averaged F1 score is improved by 27.3 , underscoring the use of GAN based data augmentation in overcoming class imbalance in medical datasets. This method has vast implications for building more accurate and dependably arrhythmia detection systems in clinical practice. Abhishek Kumar | Sanjeet Kumar | Himanshu Pandey "Balancing Imbalanced ECG Data Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Improved Arrhythmia Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97130.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97130/balancing-imbalanced-ecg-data-using-generative-adversarial-networks-for-improved-arrhythmia-classification/abhishek-kumar

Single walled carbon nanotubes SWNTs have proven to be essential building blocks for nanoscale electronics owing to their outstanding electrical characteristics and quasi one dimensional geometry. The present research examines the electron phonon interaction in metallic SWNTs, an important factor affecting charge transport behavior under varying bias conditions. With a new experimental technique where an atomic force microscope AFM tip was used as a mobile electrical contact, resistance was measured for different nanotube lengths and electrical biases. At low bias, the electron mean free path was determined to be about 1.6 µm, in agreement with weak acoustic phonon scattering. But at high bias, a sudden drop in the mean free path to about 10 nm was seen, caused by fast scattering by optical and zone boundary phonons. Theoretical computations based on Boltzmann transport theory validate the experimental findings, providing quantitative information about current saturation and high field transport behavior. These studies significantly further the knowledge of intrinsic transport limitations in SWNTs and recommend their use in high performance nanoscale devices. Suchi C | Sinchana V Bhat | Tanuja C, Yashaswini M A "The Role of Metal-Nanotube Contact in the Performance of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80050.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80050/the-role-of-metalnanotube-contact-in-the-performance-of-carbon-nanotube-fieldeffect-transistors-survey-paper/suchi-c

Wicked problems are known as complex, interconnected, multifaceted issues that are difficult to define, solve, and evaluate, such as poverty, climate change, healthcare access, income inequality, terrorism, or education inequality due to their inherent complexity, uncertainty, and conflicting stakeholder perspective. They are characterized by lack of clear cut solutions and require ongoing, adaptive approaches. We are faced with problems in our daily life, and we think of ways to solve them. A wicked problem is said to be a societal or cultural issue that is difficult or impossible to solve due to the following reasons incomplete or inconsistent knowledge, the large number of people and views involved, the significant economic burden, and the interconnected nature of these issues with other issues. This paper delves into what wicked problems are, and how we can go or move around them. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Wicked Problems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79835/wicked-problems/paul-a-adekunte

In recent years vehicles are fitted with antilock brake systems to enhance braking system in automobiles and prevent wheel lock during braking. To achieve this controller are needed controlled torque that will maintain the optimum wheel slip ratio and coefficient of friction, which is the vehicle speed in relation to wheel rotation. A model of a quarter vehicle was developed and differential equation of motion was formulated and was applied to linear and angular velocity. Control strategies of Proportional Feedback Control, Proportional Integral Feedback Control, Proportional Integral Derivative Feedback Control, were applied to determine the effectiveness of maintaining desired slip ratio and coefficient of friction. Mathlab Simulink software were used to simulate the response of the different braking strategies. Results shows that by maintaining the slip ratio and coefficient of friction values, the braking time was reduce 3.6 seconds to 2.3 seconds for a distance of 45m. Sylvester Emeka Abonyi | Emmanel Emeka Ezendiokwelu | James Akal-karali Obineche "Modelling and Simulation of Braking System in Automobile" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79778.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/79778/modelling-and-simulation-of-braking-system-in-automobile/sylvester-emeka-abonyi

For the past few decades, the topic of farmer suicide has been hotly debated in academic and political circles. With many people depending on agriculture for their livelihood, it becomes all the more vital to find remedies for this issue. This article starts by giving an overview of the current situation of farmer suicides in the country. The article then looks at the various causes of farmer suicides by conducting a literature review and studying secondary sources of data. It then explores certain incidents in specific states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka as it helps understand how widespread a certain cause is and how many states face the same problem. It was found that high indebtedness was a common cause among farmers, but the underlying causes of high debt varied among states. In some states, failure of monsoon and poor yield made it burdensome for many to repay the loan. In some cases, taking loans from private moneylenders at exorbitantly high interest rates made it difficult to repay the borrowed amount. This was mainly due to lack of sufficient lending agencies and increased competition among banks. Lack of technical know how of modern technology too added to the problem of lower yield. With the majority of farmers owning small farm sizes, they often lack the incentive to adopt modern equipment because the costs outweigh the benefits and thereby continue using obsolete technology. The solution to this issue is to have dedicated decentralized teams preferably in every district that have full knowledge of the nature of problems faced by the farmers there and bring out bespoke policies that meet the needs of each farmer. Generalized policies are not going to work simply because of the varied nature of issues plaguing farmers at different times of the year. Dr. K Malathi | Ms Chris Ann Tomy "Farmers Suicide in India - Reasons and Suggested Remedies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79801.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/79801/farmers-suicide-in-india--reasons-and-suggested-remedies/dr-k-malathi

The distinct postulates and structured approachesare crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of disease as described in Ayurvedic literature. Among these, the concept of Leena Dosha offers a profound and compelling illustration, closely aligned with the subtle dynamics of disease progression. During the disease pathogenesis, the Doshas undergo multiple stages Avasthas , among which Leena Dosha Avastha holds critical clinical significance. This stage, often referred to as the latent or subtle phase of disease manifestation, is characterized by the concealment of Doshas within Dhatus, making clinical detection challenging. The latent period of disease is a critical window where subtle pathophysiological changes occur without overt clinical symptoms. Ayurveda explains this phase through the concept of Leena Dosha, where vitiated Doshas remain absorbed within the system, disrupting homeostasis quietly. A thorough understanding of Leena Dosha Avastha enables the formulation of a precise and timely therapeutic strategy, thereby arresting disease progression at an early stage. The presence of LeenaDosha complicates both diagnosis and treatment due to its subtle manifestation. This article explores the theoretical foundations of Leena Dosha as found in classical Ayurvedic texts, its clinical implications, and diagnostic indicators. It further investigates how Leena Dosha may contribute to chronic and degenerative conditions, and discusses contemporary interpretative frameworks. Integrating classical knowledge with modern clinical observations, the article aims to enrich understanding and therapeutic approaches for subtle Doshic disorders in Ayurvedic practice. Dr. Akanksha Chauhan "Leena Dosha in Ayurveda: A Clinical and Theoretical Perspective on Subtle Doshic Imbalances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79796.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79796/leena-dosha-in-ayurveda-a-clinical-and-theoretical-perspective-on-subtle-doshic-imbalances/dr-akanksha-chauhan

In this research, the alignment of the Bachelor of Elementary Education BEEd curriculum with the Department of Educations MATATAG Curriculum was evaluated to gauge the preparedness of pre service teacher education programs to answer the changing needs of basic education. In light of national reforms redrawing the map of basic and 21st century competencies, higher education curricula need to be aligned with the standards of modern pedagogy. The research assessed the BEEd programs congruence with MATATAGs pedagogical requirements, instructional approaches, priority assessment, stakeholder involvement, and professional growth frameworks. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized. Quantitative data of 31 faculty, administrators, and curriculum officers were gathered using a structured survey, and qualitative information was obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis employed descriptive statistics and Spearmans rho, whereas qualitative data interpretation utilized thematic analysis. Results indicated moderate to strong alignment of curriculum learning objectives M = 4.30, SD = 0.798 , learning outcomes M = 4.30, SD = 0.798 , assessment standards M = 4.44, SD = 0.847 , and competencies M = 4.30, SD = 0.798 , all rated as Strongly Agree. Critical gaps were also found in assessment practices and the inclusion of 21st century competencies. Qualitative results identified mismatches between courses and classroom conditions, minimal exposure to differentiated instruction, technology integration, and inclusive pedagogy. Lacking was any significant stakeholder engagement in curriculum review, further limiting alignment. The research emphasizes the imperative for curriculum changes that maximize school university alliances, enrich practicum training, and enshrine stakeholder collaboration to better prepare future teachers for the dynamic context of Philippine basic education. Venus C. Lumapac | Jennifer M. Montero "Bridging the Gap: Aligning the BEEd Curriculum with the DepEd MATATAG Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79780.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/79780/bridging-the-gap-aligning-the-beed-curriculum-with-the-deped-matatag-framework/venus-c-lumapac

Tension headaches are the most common type of primary headache. These are also referred to as muscle contraction headache, stress headache, or psychomyogenic headache. The pain of tension headache is characterised as ‘dull’, ‘tight’ or like a ‘pressure’, and there may be a sensation of a band round the head or pressure at the vertex. This case is of 42 years female patient treated with homoeopathic medicine RUTA 200. Dr. Digna Solanki | Dr. Urmila Bhalgariya | Dr. Hitarth Mehta "Holistic Homoeopathic Treatment of Tension Headache - A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79834.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/79834/holistic-homoeopathic-treatment-of-tension-headache--a-case-report/dr-digna-solanki

This research explored the experiences and challenges of SPED teachers in the post pandemic era in teaching Araling Panlipunan Social Studies among students with special needs in the Department of Education Division of Pampanga, Philippines for the school year 2023 2024 as the basis for implications. Jeric H. Pediglorio "Special Education Teachers in the New Normal: Their Experiences and Challenges in the Post-Pandemic Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79840.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79840/special-education-teachers-in-the-new-normal-their-experiences-and-challenges-in-the-postpandemic-era/jeric-h-pediglorio

It is commonly heard the well created narrative perception, everywhere especially in media , in education system, that `ahimsaa’ is taught or promoted only by Gautama buddha and his descenders. Or else we can say whenever the word Ahimsa is heard it is associated with Gouthama Buddha. Here the basic question or the basic conflict is why Gautama buddha only Before the teachings of Buddha, is Ahimsa and other concepts of Pancha Sheela are not present in Indian teachings Or did bharatiya vidya parampara not teaching ahimsaa, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Satya and indriya nigraha, which are teachings of Buddha and called as Pancha Sheela Sutras.We all know very well that in yoga Darshana these concepts are well defined and established. Going back to Yoga Darshana, Vedic literature is also teaching all these things repeatedly. So, the question rises, when a Nastika Darshana is taught in Astika Darshana . Isn’t it misleading the young generations and making unaware of Vedic knowledge. Moreover, it is taught with the perception that Vedic culture is full of ‘Himsa’ and to oppose that ‘vaidika himsa’ Buddhism is evolved. It is unfortunate that, this concept is developed again by foreign philosophers. Following blindly their perception, is making youngsters unaware of original knowledge of Vedas. Here it’s very important to make this clear that Vedic education is the root for all these concepts and bring back the attention of next generation to Vedic knowledge. Dr. Ved Prakash Joshi "Why Only Buddhism When it Comes to the Concepts of “Panchasheela Sutras”" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79805.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/79805/why-only-buddhism-when-it-comes-to-the-concepts-of-“panchasheela-sutras”/dr-ved-prakash-joshi

Embedded finance is the seamless integration of digital banking, along with other financial products and services, into nonfinancial companies’ platforms or applications. The technology allows quicker and easier access to financial services, without needing to go through banks. It integrates banking, lending, insurance, and investing services into apps and platforms used by companies outside of the finance sector. It is the placing of a financial product in a nonfinancial customer experience, journey, or platform. It has great potential to empower unbanked groups. It can help foster economic growth. It can open new revenue streams for businesses and enhance customer convenience. It is drastically changing when, where, and how people interact with financial services. This paper examines the various applications of embedded finance. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Embedded Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79841.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79841/embedded-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Psoriasis is a chronic long lasting disease in which the immune system becomes overactive, causing skin cells to multiply too quickly. Patches of skin become scaly and inflamed, most often on the scalp, elbows, or knees, but other parts of the body can be affected as well1.Plaque psoriasis. This is the most common kind, and it appears as raised, red patches of skin that are covered by silvery white scales. The patches usually develop in a symmetrical pattern on the body and tend to appear on the scalp, trunk, and limbs 1 . Ekakushta is considered as one among the Kshudrakushta and it is Vata Kapha Pradhana Vyadhi 2 having Lakshana like Aswedana, Mahavastu and Matsya Shakalavat Twacha 3 . The main line of treatment of skin diseases in Ayurveda is repeated Samshodhana purificatory therapies along with Samshamana palliative therapies . Hence in present case report a 56 year old male patient appeared in the Swastharaksha ayurveda clinic, Gulbarga with previously diagnosed condition psoriasis patient was not getting any relief with allopathy line of treatment hence approached Swastharaksha ayurveda clinic for ayurvedic treatment. Presenting with symptoms of Eka kushta covering overall scalp was treated with shodhana chikitsa i.e virechana followed by shamana chikitsa i.e internal medication and with proper guidance of Pathya Apathya. After treatment, excellent results were noted. Dr. Saba Tarannum "Management of Eka-Kushta vis-a-vis Plaque Psoriasis through Ayurveda - A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79842.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79842/management-of-ekakushta-visavis-plaque-psoriasis-through-ayurveda--a-case-study/dr-saba-tarannum

For financial institutions and their customers, the traditional reliance on passwords has become a precarious balancing act, a fragile barrier against a tide of increasingly ingenious attacks. Biometric authentication is emerging as a technological novelty and a fundamental shift in how we secure our financial lives. It stands for a security procedure utilizing the individual physical traits or behavioral patterns with the end goal of verifying one’s identity. Biometric authentication in banking has arisen as an innovative remedy to common security issues. Financial institutions have been progressively replacing traditional security systems with biometrics technology such as fingerprint sensors, facia recognition, and voice recognition. This shift from passwords and PINs to fingerprints, facial scans, or even voice recognition promises a future of banking that is not only secure but also remarkably convenient and personalized. Biometric payments offer a secure, convenient, and seamless way for consumers to carry out financial transactions. Biometrics is the basis of password less authentication, which is actively spreading worldwide. In this paper, we explore the exciting possibilities of biometric in finance. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Biometrics in Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79864.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79864/biometrics-in-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Wancho tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India, holds a distinctive and resilient system of traditional governance based on chieftainship. This article explores the cultural roots, structural hierarchy, and evolving role of the Wancho chieftainship in contemporary times. It aims to preserve indigenous knowledge and highlight the significance of tribal leadership in sustaining community cohesion and identity. Topha Manham "Traditional Chieftainship System of the Wancho Tribe" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79837.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/79837/traditional-chieftainship-system-of-the-wancho-tribe/topha-manham

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that causes hair loss. It occurs when the immune system attacks the hair follicles. Hair loss can occur on the scalp, face, or body. The condition can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. Symptoms include patchy hair loss, bald spots, and nail changes.The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and stress may play a role. Treatment options include medications, immunotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Some people may experience spontaneous regrowth of hair. Alopecia areata can have emotional and psychological impacts. Dr. Hirva Vyas | Dr. Priyanka Shroff "Effectiveness of Homoeopathic Medicines in Case of ALOPECIA AREATA: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79865.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/79865/effectiveness-of-homoeopathic-medicines-in-case-of-alopecia-areata-a-case-report/dr-hirva-vyas

As the name suggests, the open banking concept involves banks “opening” access to customer data to the public, specifically sanctioned financial institutions. Open banking is a practice where banks and other financial institutions provide access to consumer banking, transaction, and other financial data to third party service providers through application programming interfaces APIs , which are essentially software intermediaries that allow different applications to communicate with each other. It represents a transformative shift in the financial services landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities for both consumers and businesses. Its goal is to enable consumers to leverage their financial data to access better services, more competitive rates and innovative financial products. It has allowed financial service providers to unlock their vaults and share data responsibly. Open banking offers consumers the promise of accessing and managing financial information across multiple platforms to take advantage of decentralized banking services, new payment capabilities, and more innovative and personalized business models for financial services. This paper explains open banking and how it works. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Open Banking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79866.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79866/open-banking/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Graphene nanoribbons GNRs , due to their tunable bandgaps, excellent carrier mobility, and compatibility with advanced device architectures, have emerged as strong candidates for next generation nanoscale electronics. This review provides an in depth analysis of triple gate graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistors TFETs and GNR based field effect transistors GNRFETs , focusing on their potential for ultra low power and high frequency applications. The triple gate GNR TFET demonstrates a subthreshold swing SS as low as 47 mV dec at cryogenic temperatures, independent up to 40 K, with strong electrostatic control enabled by the gate configuration. Additionally, device performance is evaluated under various doping and dielectric conditions using the Non Equilibrium Green’s Function NEGF approach. The review also covers fabrication techniques, simulation models, material synthesis methods, and the impact of quantum confinement and edge roughness on device behavior. The advantages and limitations of both MOS and Schottky barrier type GNRFETs are compared. This comprehensive survey highlights the challenges and opportunities in adopting GNRFETs and GNR TFETs in future energy efficient and high performance nanoelectronic systems. Niriksha B | Anushree S | C J Siri | Akshata Rayannavar "A Review on Triple-Gate Graphene Nanoribbon Tunnel FETs and Performance Analysis of GNRFETs for Low-Power Electronics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79802.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/79802/a-review-on-triplegate-graphene-nanoribbon-tunnel-fets-and-performance-analysis-of-gnrfets-for-lowpower-electronics/niriksha-b

Neuromorphic computing refers to neural inspired systems designed for non–von Neumann architectures that integrate principles from neuroscience, machine learning, AI, hardware design, and materials science. Initially focused on analog circuits mimicking biological neurons and synapses, the field has expanded to encompass a broad range of hardware and software systems. Core features of neuromorphic systems include co located memory and computation, simple communication between neurons and synapses, and local learning capabilities. Many also exhibit spiking behavior, nonlinear dynamics, high connectivity, plasticity, robustness, and the ability to process noisy or incomplete data. These systems are typically event driven, enabling low power operation and emphasizing temporal dynamics. Their development requires interdisciplinary collaboration across neuroscience, computer science, engineering, and materials science. Tripti R Kulkarni | Nandan P | Monisha S. S "Neuromorphic Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79910.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/79910/neuromorphic-computing/tripti-r-kulkarni

This paper explores key institutional barriers that hinder meaningful community engagement within Cameroonian universities. Following a qualitative approach, it employs two methods of data collection namely semi structured online interviews and document analysis to obtain valuable insights on these challenges and identify strategies to overcome them. The study found that the most pertinent challenge to community engagement is the lack of institutional support and recognition. Community engagement in higher education in Cameroon is not seen as a core function of universities but as a peripheral or voluntary activity and thereby lacks adequate funding and enabling structures. Most community engagement initiatives are not sustainable as they are led by students or lecturers who are usually constrained by tight budgets and lack knowledge, experience and resources to implement meaningful community projects. Additionally, factors such as time constraints, lack of motivation and interest and curricular rigidities limit participation and the integration of community engagement into university curriculum. To overcome these challenges, concerted effort is needed from academic institutions, policymakers, and community stakeholders. Effective community engagement and participation will require leadership commitment at all levels, adequate training, engagement incentives, curricular integration and strong partnerships between universities and external stakeholders. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research. Abang Tatiana Teboh | Yu Rong "Challenges Impeding Community Engagement in Higher Education in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79911.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79911/challenges-impeding-community-engagement-in-higher-education-in-cameroon/abang-tatiana-teboh

In the era of digital transformation integrating Information and Communication Technologies ICTs into education has emerged as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the quality and relevance of teaching particularly in Science Technology Engineering, and Mathematics STEM fields. This study investigates the current state, challenges, and opportunities of digital pedagogy in Cameroons higher education system, with a focus on ICT driven teacher training programs aimed at improving STEM instruction. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data from teacher educators, trainee teachers, and policy documents, the research evaluates how digital tools are employed in pedagogical practices and the extent to which they align with the national vision for higher education modernization. The findings indicate a growing adoption of digital pedagogy in STEM education, albeit constrained by infrastructural deficiencies, inadequate training, and uneven ICT policy implementation. The study concludes by proposing a strategic framework for institutionalizing ICT based teacher training programs to sustainably promote STEM education in Cameroon. Babong Richard "Digital Pedagogy in Cameroons Higher Education: Advancing STEM through ICT-Driven Teacher Training" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79863.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79863/digital-pedagogy-in-cameroons-higher-education-advancing-stem-through-ictdriven-teacher-training/babong-richard

In this study, a comparative examination of the reform initiatives for Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET in the ten African nations that are ranked highest according to the 2023 Global Talent Competitiveness Index is presented. This study explores the ways in which these countries including Mauritius, Egypt, Mauritania, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Benin, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, and Zambia, have attempted to realign their vocational curricula with the demands of the labour market. The paper draws on policy documents, reports submitted by international agencies, and academic literature. Our assessment focusses on four fundamental aspects of reform the transition to competency based models, the incorporation of digital technologies, the enhancement of industry partnerships, and the introduction of performance based funding in conjunction with stringent quality verification measures. Despite the fact that many nations have reported improvements in graduate employability and student happiness, there are still many problems that continue to exist. These challenges include sustainable domestic financing, inequities between rural and urban areas, teacher professional development, and the involvement of the informal economy. The purpose of this study is to provide policymakers with evidence based insights so that they may develop technical and vocational education and training TVET systems and contribute to sustainable economic growth. This is accomplished by synthesising patterns of success and constraint across various governance situations. Lepholisa Ntsane Reginald | Yu Rong "Bespoke Reform Strategies of Responsive TVET Systems in Africa: A Review of Leading GTC Index Countries in Africa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79843.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79843/bespoke-reform-strategies-of-responsive-tvet-systems-in-africa-a-review-of-leading-gtc-index-countries-in-africa/lepholisa-ntsane-reginald

Indias foreign policy has undergone a transformative shift under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, marked by a proactive, assertive, and strategically balanced approach. This research paper, The Modi Doctrine A New Era in Indian Foreign Policy, examines the key principles shaping Indias international engagements Samman Respect , Samvad Dialogue , Samriddhi Prosperity , Suraksha Security , and Sanskriti evam Sabhyata Culture and Civilisation . The study analyses how these principles have influenced Indias diplomatic relations, trade policies, defence cooperation, multilateral engagements, and cultural diplomacy. Through strategic initiatives such as Act East Policy, Neighbourhood First, Vaccine Maitri, Make in India, and India’s leadership in the Quad, BRICS, and G20, the paper highlights Indias growing influence in global governance. The research assesses Indias response to contemporary global challenges, including security threats, economic resilience, and health crises like the COVID 19 pandemic. By evaluating treaties, policies, and geopolitical shifts, the paper provides insights into the long term implications of the Modi Doctrine and its role in shaping India’s future foreign policy trajectory. The findings underscore Indias emergence as a key player in the evolving global order, balancing its relationships with major powers while strengthening regional and multilateral partnerships. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "The Modi Doctrine: A New Era in Indian Foreign Policy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79923.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/79923/the-modi-doctrine-a-new-era-in-indian-foreign-policy/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Obesity is a growing global health concern, often associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. This study investigates the impact of obesity on key biochemical parameters—serum cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and blood glucose—in a controlled mouse model. Obesity was induced using a high fat diet, and the results were compared with those of a normal control group. Findings indicate a significant increase in all three biochemical markers in obese mice, confirming the strong link between obesity and metabolic dysfunction. These results reinforce the need for early intervention strategies to prevent the onset of obesity related complications. David | Dr. Dinesh Yadav "Study of Some Biochemical Parameters (Serum Cholesterol, Liver Cholesterol and Blood Glucose) in Obese Mice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/79951/study-of-some-biochemical-parameters-serum-cholesterol-liver-cholesterol-and-blood-glucose-in-obese-mice/david

Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options due to the blood–brain barrier BBB restricting drug delivery. Oleanolic Acid OA , a natural anticancer compound, suffers from poor water solubility and low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize nanostructured lipid carriers NLCs for intranasal OA delivery to the brain. OA NLCs were prepared using solvent evaporation and probe sonication and optimized via Box Behnken Design. The optimized formulation showed a particle size of ~142 nm, high entrapment efficiency ~89 , and good stability. In vitro release studies indicated sustained drug release over 24 hours. Ex vivo permeation studies demonstrated improved nasal absorption, while cytotoxicity assays on U87 MG cells confirmed enhanced anticancer activity of OA NLCs compared to free OA. The intranasal route offered direct nose to brain transport, bypassing hepatic metabolism. Surface modification strategies can further improve targeting. This system holds promise for safe, effective, and site specific brain cancer therapy. Urwashi | Mr. Ashvani Kumar "Development and Evaluation of Oleanolic Acidloaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Brain Cancer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97159.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97159/development-and-evaluation-of-oleanolic-acidloaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-brain-cancer/urwashi

This paper presents a psychoanalytic exploration of Rajus identity crisis in R.K. Narayans novel The Guide . As a natural realist, Narayan masterfully crafts the fictional town of Malgudi, where Rajus journey from a traditional tout to a harbinger of faith, hope, and wisdom unfolds. Through a psychological lens, this research examines how Rajus transformation into a fake Sadhu reveals his fragmented self, marked by a disconnect between his authentic and performed identities. Furthermore, this study investigates how Rajus fasting reinstalls faith and hope in the villagers, symbolizing the human psyches capacity for redemption and self discovery. By applying psychoanalytic theories to Narayans narrative, this research offers a nuanced understanding of the human experience, highlighting the tensions between authenticity and performance, and the quest for self actualization. Priyansu Sekhar Routray "The Fragmented Self: A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Raju’s Identity Crisis In “The Guide”" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79861.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/79861/the-fragmented-self-a-psychoanalytic-exploration-of-raju’s-identity-crisis-in-“the-guide”/priyansu-sekhar-routray

Targeting brain tumors is challenging due to the restrictive blood–brain barrier BBB . This study presents Lupeol loaded nanostructured lipid carriers NLCs as a novel approach for brain targeted delivery. Lupeol, a natural triterpenoid with anticancer and neuroprotective effects, suffers from poor solubility and limited BBB permeability. To enhance its delivery, NLCs were developed using hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication and optimized via Box Behnken Design. The optimized NLCs showed favorable characteristics particle size ~142 nm , low PDI 0.218 , high entrapment efficiency 89.4 , and sustained drug release ~82 in 72 h . Cellular uptake studies confirmed efficient internalization in U87 MG glioma cells, and cytotoxicity assays showed enhanced anticancer activity over free Lupeol. Intranasal delivery enabled direct nose to brain transport via olfactory pathways, bypassing hepatic metabolism. Overall, Lupeol loaded NLCs represent a promising non invasive strategy for brain cancer therapy. Shubhangini Singh | Mr. Ashvani Kumar "Formulation and Optimization of Lupeol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Target Brain Cancer Therapy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97158.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97158/formulation-and-optimization-of-lupeolloaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-target-brain-cancer-therapy/shubhangini-singh

Golds legendary status as a safe haven has been examined from 2020 to 2024, a whirlwind period packed with pandemics, geopolitical clashes, inflation spikes, and global market turmoil. This study dives deep into golds roller coaster ride during these turbulent years, analyzing how its price interacted with inflation, interest rates, and the U.S. dollar. Major global events such as the COVID 19 pandemic, the Russia Ukraine war, and rising tensions between the U.S. and China steered gold’s often unpredictable path. While inflation is traditionally seen as a primary driver of gold prices, our findings challenge this assumption. Instead, we highlight that inflation played a less significant role than expected. Geopolitical instability, market shocks, and heightened uncertainty were far more critical in shaping golds price trajectory. This research sheds new light on the evolving dynamics of gold as a financial asset, offering insights into how it behaves in the face of unprecedented global crises. Abhishek Kumar | Dr. Vikas Kumar Jaiswal Golds Evolving Role: Exploring its Drivers Amidst Global Economic Uncertainty Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97171.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97171/golds-evolving-role-exploring-its-drivers-amidst-global-economic-uncertainty/abhishek-kumar

Technology refers to the application of knowledge for human benefits. Green technology deals with using science and technology to protect the environment as well as curb the negative impacts of human involvement. It is any mode of technology that lovers CO2 emissions. Green technologies include green energy, green IT, green food, green, manufacturing, green business, green economics, green supply chain, green logistics, green building, and green nanotechnology. Green maritime technology represents a concerted effort to mitigate the environmental footprint of the maritime industry. The technology fundamentally aims to reduce the environmental impact of the shipping industry through innovative solutions and by reducing harmful emissions and promoting ecological sustainability within shipping and port operations. This paper will delve into the innovative green technologies that are reshaping the maritime sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Green Maritime Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97175/green-maritime-technology/matthew-n-o-sadiku

These days Go Green mantra is applicable in all sectors in India. So the banking sector introduced the new concept of Green Banking in banks. The concept of green banking consists of two terms green is related to the protection of the environment and banking is defined as the act of using the services of a bank, therefore, green banking is considered to describe everything that connects the entire economy and the aspects related to environmental protection. Now the bank will move from the traditional banking system to modern banking. Banks have an important role in promoting overall sustainable development. A Green Bank is a normal bank, which considers all the social and environmental factors that aim at protecting the environment and conserving natural resources. Green banking promotes environmental friendly practices and reduces the carbon footprint by using online banking instead of branch banking. SBI is focused on its environmental initiatives such as lending at concessional rates for renewable energy projects, establishing digital banking platforms, implementing energy conservation initiatives like setting up of solar ATMs across India, waste management, reducing paper and water consumption, reducing greenhouse gas emissions etc. HDFC bank has been focused environmental concerns and measure its greenhouse gas emission since 2010. Bank is committed to utilize renewable energy in its business operations. The main objective of this paper is to know about the initiatives taken by the SBI Indian Public Sector Bank and HDFC Bank Indian Private Sector Bank regarding green banking activities. Dr. Prem Parihar "Green Banking Initiatives in India: A Study of Selected Indian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97174/green-banking-initiatives-in-india-a-study-of-selected-indian-banks/dr-prem-parihar

This paper examines the recent reform of German corporate taxation introducing an option for partnerships e.g., OHG, KG, Partnerschaftsgesellschaften to be taxed as corporations §1a KStG . The reform aims to enhance the international competitiveness of Germanys business environment, reduce the tax burden, and promote legal form neutrality. Through a qualitative and comparative legal analysis drawing on German and French tax systems, legislative documents, and policy papers this study assesses the reform’s practical implications for small and medium sized enterprises SMEs and family businesses. The analysis includes simulated scenarios of compliance costs, fiscal impact, and legal adaptation challenges. The study finds that while the reform improves tax flexibility and international alignment, its success hinges on administrative simplification and tailored support for SMEs. Recommendations include further harmonization of transformation tax rules UmwStG , broader international scope, and continuous impact monitoring. Saadouni Saad | Habbani Souad "Modernization of Corporate Taxation in Germany: Enhancing Flexibility, Reducing Bureaucracy, and Embracing Globalization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97142.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/97142/modernization-of-corporate-taxation-in-germany-enhancing-flexibility-reducing-bureaucracy-and-embracing-globalization/saadouni-saad

A cervical polyp is a small, abnormal growth on the cervix or in the cervical canal. These are benign growths arising from the endocervical mucosa, commonly affecting women of reproductive age. These are soft, pedunculated lesions ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters and are often asymptomatic but may present with intermenstrual bleeding or post coital spotting. Etiology includes hormonal changes, chronic inflammation of the cervix, sexually transmitted infections STIs , Yeast infections, Bacterial infections, Hormonal changes, Pregnancy, Miscarriage and Abortion. Diagnosis is typically achieved through clinical visualization during routine gynaecological examination, with ultrasonography or histopathological analysis employed to exclude malignancy. Diagnosis is typically achieved through clinical visualization during routine gynaecological examination, or with ultrasonography or histopathological analysis employed to exclude malignancy. In Ayurveda, cervical polyp is co related with yoni arshas. According to sushruta the aggravated doshas reach yoni, producing soft, foul smelling unctuous, bleeding muscular sprouts umbrella shaped , if ignored it causes destruction of yoni and artava. Same explained by Acharaya Vaghbhata. Modern management generally involves polypectomy or surgical excision but in Ayurveda sthanik chikitsa kshar karma yoni prakshalan and yoni pichu therapies are involved which targets root dosha imbalance for holistic cure. Dr. Sonal Dilgar Ramteke | Dr. Basanti Guru "Successful Treatment of Cervical Polyp with Kshara Karma : A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97148.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/gynecology/97148/successful-treatment-of-cervical-polyp-with-kshara-karma--a-case-report/dr-sonal-dilgar-ramteke

Rainwater harvesting RWH is one of the best practices to overcome the scarcity of water. Rainwater harvesting involves collection and storage of rainwater locally through different technologies, for future use. It is also useful for livestock, groundwater recharge and for irrigation practices. Potential of rainwater harvesting refers to the capacity of an individual catchment that harnesses the water falling on the catchment during a particular year considering all rainy days. study analyzes the potential benefits of implementing rainwater harvesting in a specific area, considering factors like annual rainfall, runoff, and aquifer recharge capacity. It aims to optimize the system design for maximum water storage and utilization, potentially reducing reliance on conventional water sources and promoting water conservation. This article shows the Rainwater Harvesting system components, its design criterion, and their suitability using a one common example of the design. It gives the actual consideration of the design the system and it fulfill the sustainability criteria of the Nation. This article is useful to the policymakers and the government officials. Kamleshkumar Manharlal Rana "Study of Rainfall Harvesting System on a Local Perspective & Design of System for Valsad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97131.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97131/study-of-rainfall-harvesting-system-on-a-local-perspective-and-design-of-system-for-valsad/kamleshkumar-manharlal-rana

Present research aims the study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding malnutrition among mothers of under five children. The study employed a quantitative approach and non experimental descriptive research design. The non probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample of 80 mothers with under five children at selected hospital, Barabanki, U.P . Data collection tool used was structured interview schedule to assess the knowledge and attitude of the mothers with under five children. The collected data was analysed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. In the term of knowledge on malnutrition 73.75 of the mothers had inadequate knowledge, 20.0 of the mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and 05.0 of the mothers had adequate knowledge. In the term of attitude on malnutrition, 65.0 of the mothers had unfavourable attitude, 21.25 of the mothers had moderately favourable attitude and 13.75 of the mothers had favourable attitude. Study revealed that strong positive correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude r 0.9794 . The major finding of the study showed that under five children mothers had inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes on malnutrition. Educating and creating awareness among the mothers on malnutrition is vital for reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with nutritional disorders among under five children. Abhilasha Saha | Sheelu Verma "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Malnutrition among Mothers of Under Five Children in Selected Hospital at Barabanki District, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79926.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/79926/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-malnutrition-among-mothers-of-under-five-children-in-selected-hospital-at-barabanki-district-uttar-pradesh/abhilasha-saha

New avenues for the creation of intelligent, adaptive optimization strategies have been made possible by the combination of genetic algorithms GAs with artificial intelligence AI . Through the introduction of learning driven, context aware, and dynamically adaptive mechanisms, this study investigates the developing role of AI in improving genetic operators—selection, crossover, and mutation. Because they frequently depend on heuristic rules and static probabilities, traditional genetic operators are not as effective in a variety of complicated problem spaces. Intelligent genetic operators that can self tune, predict convergence trends, and preserve variety are the result of recent developments that use machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning techniques. Current developments in AI augmented GAs are reviewed, along with significant advancements in operator design and their effects on scalability and performance in multi objective and real time optimization problems. There are additional viewpoints on new issues including interpretability, computational overhead, and hybrid system design. Driven by the synergy between AI and evolutionary computation, the results point to a paradigm shift toward more autonomous and problem specific evolutionary algorithms. Vishant | Renu "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Evolving Genetic Operators: Trends and Perspectives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97173.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97173/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-evolving-genetic-operators-trends-and-perspectives/vishant

Autonomous ships AS , also known as autonomous cargo ships or maritime autonomous surface ships MASS , are vessels that can navigate, operate, and make decisions with minimal or no human intervention, relying instead on advanced technologies like AI and robotics. Autonomous shipping vessels stand to revolutionize the maritime sector, offering groundbreaking advantages in efficiency and sustainability. They promise a wide range of benefits, including improved safety, optimized logistics chains, improved cargo capacity due to reductions in crew, increased fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and reduced operational and maintenance costs. In this paper, we will delve into the realm of autonomous ships. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Autonomous Ships" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97172.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97172/autonomous-ships/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Metallic mercury, also known as quicksilver, is a liquid metal with a bright silvery lustre. It exists in nature as the metal itself and as the sulphide cinnabar or ras sindoor . Metallic mercury is not poisonous if swallowed because it is not absorbed. It vaporizes at room temperature and causes poisoning if vaporized mercury is inhaled, swallowed, or rubbed into the skin. Mercury depresses cellular enzymatic mechanisms by combining with sulphydryl groups. Mercuric compounds being soluble are more poisonous than mercurous compounds which are less soluble. Mercury poisoning refers to toxicity from mercury consumption. Mercury is a type of toxic metal that we can come into contact with in a variety of ways. This may include consuming certain types of seafood and wearing certain types of jewellery. Dr. Amar B. Patil | Dr. Prafull A. Patil | Dr. Vishal Shamrao Patil "A Review Study on Mercury Poisoning and it’s Treatment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79927.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79927/a-review-study-on-mercury-poisoning-and-it’s-treatment/dr-amar-b-patil

Immersive technologies have the potential to improve safety, efficiency, and cost effectiveness in almost every industry. All sectors of the maritime industry, from navigation and cargo planning to management and logistics can benefit from immersive technologies. With its long and eventful past, the maritime industry has always stood tall and fine as the earliest in discovering new axes of training for safety, effectiveness, and skill development. The last few years have dramatically changed the maritime training landscape. VR safety training solutions have grown prominently into one of the leading technologies for workplaces and industrial safety. The growing use of virtual reality VR in maritime safety training has the potential for significant expansion. This paper serves as a review on the use of immersive technology in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97162.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97162/immersive-technologies-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study explores how teacher related factors contribute to declining academic performance among lower secondary students in Bamako, Mali. URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97141.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97141/exploring-the-contribution-of-teacherrelated-factors-to-the-decline-in-academic-performance-among-lower-secondary-school-students-in-bamako-mali-insights-from-chinas-rigorous-teacher-education-programs/kante-drissa

Food adulteration is a persistent global concern affecting public health, food safety, and consumer rights. This paper provides a multidimensional review that intertwines the rich ancient wisdom of Ayurveda with contemporary scientific advancements. It explores the definitions, categories, causes, and impacts of food adulteration through historical and modern lenses. Detailed narratives, supported by tables and charts, elucidate the health consequences, detection methodologies, and preventive strategies. The synthesis offers a valuable reference for integrating Ayurvedic dietary principles with modern regulatory frameworks to combat food adulteration. Dr. Nirmala Kannal | Dr. Meghavati Awati | Ms. Prerana Ramesh Ade "A Comprehensive Review on Food Adulteration: Integrating Ayurvedic Wisdom and Modern Science" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97146.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97146/a-comprehensive-review-on-food-adulteration-integrating-ayurvedic-wisdom-and-modern-science/dr-nirmala-kannal

The survival of nonprofit organizations and the provision of services are seriously threatened by employee turnover, especially in settings with limited resources in Europe, Asia, and Sri Lanka. Through a qualitative review of previous research and case studies, this study investigates the three leading causes of attrition organizational culture, emotional stress, and compensation discrepancies. The results show that whereas goal alignment initially inspires workers, retention is eventually undermined by ongoing disparities in equitable pay, insufficient mental health care, and subpar leadership techniques. While workload demands and restricted career advancement cause turnover rates of 15 20 in Europe, Asian NGOs experience 25 35 attrition due to compensation disparities and migratory patterns. The economic crisis in Sri Lanka has worsened turnover 42 of nonprofit workers are considering leaving because of unstable finances. Both structural and cultural concerns need to be addressed by effective retention tactics. Case studies show how creative solutions may lead to success. For example, Sarvodaya Sri Lanka reduced turnover by 25 by providing data and transportation stipends, while Médecins Sans Frontières reduced burnout related resignations by 30 by requiring breaks. Caritas Germany reduced senior attrition by 50 with paid sabbaticals, whereas BRAC Bangladesh increased junior staff retention by 40 through reverse mentorship. Tailored solutions are made possible by a staged implementation roadmap that consists of diagnostics 0–6 months , pilot treatments 6–12 months , and scaling 12–18 months . The report emphasizes that retention is an HR issue and a strategic imperative. Companies such as Sarvodaya saved 3.20 on recruiting expenses for every 1 spent on retention. Although cross cultural applicability should be assessed in future studies, the available data indicates that long term effectiveness requires striking a balance between staff health and mission enthusiasm. These research based tactics are essential for nonprofits to use to develop resilient workforces in the face of escalating global issues. R. K. M Lankanath "Employee Turnover in Non-Profit Organizations: Understanding Drivers and Developing Retention Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97129/employee-turnover-in-nonprofit-organizations-understanding-drivers-and-developing-retention-strategies/r-k-m-lankanath

Introduction Quality assurance maintains educational excellence and improves learning environments and outcomes, promoting employment. To attain this, school principals need to possess appropriate interpersonal skills such as communication, collaboration and empathy. The study examines the role of principals’ interpersonal skills in promoting quality assurance in government technical colleges in the South West Region of Cameroon.Methods Using the sequential exploratory design, quantitative data through questionnaires were obtained from a sample of 392 teachers and qualitative data through interviews from 11 principals. Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as thematic analysis were used for the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The logistic regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis.Findings The findings revealed that principals interpersonal skills significantly influence quality assurance ß=0.335, p=0.012, 0.05 . Effective communication skills enable principals to establish open lines of communication with teachers, students, and other stakeholders. By actively listening, providing constructive feedback, and resolving conflicts, principals create a positive and supportive school environment which influence quality assurance. Conclusion Cultivating effective interpersonal skills in secondary school principals leverages quality assurance in education. Organizing training to nurture such skills in school leaders is essential in assuring quality assurance. Laisa Efeti Nangolo Ewusi | Ngemunang Agnes Ngale Lyonga "An Exploration of the Influence of Principals’ Interpersonal Skills on Quality Assurance in Government Technical Colleges in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79952.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79952/an-exploration-of-the-influence-of-principals’-interpersonal-skills-on-quality-assurance-in-government-technical-colleges-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/laisa-efeti-nangolo-ewusi

Artificial intelligence AI in recruiting has revolutionized the human resource landscape by offering fast, scalable, data driven hiring options. However, using artificial intelligence AI in recruiting has also raised serious concerns about bias, justice, and the broader effects on workforce diversity and inclusion DandI . This study critically examines the effects of artificial intelligence technology on recruiting practices, highlighting their influence on achieving diversity and inclusion goals. In order to ensure equitable employment outcomes, it looks at ethical and legal concerns and inherent algorithmic biases. It also offers recommendations for best practices and legislative suggestions. R. K. M Lankanath "The Impact of AI-Driven Recruitment Tools on Workforce Diversity and Inclusion: Challenges and Policy Interventions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97128.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97128/the-impact-of-aidriven-recruitment-tools-on-workforce-diversity-and-inclusion-challenges-and-policy-interventions/r-k-m-lankanath

The excellent gift of God to humanity is His abundant “grace” freely bestowed upon us through His crucified son Jesus Christ. Grace reconciles man to God after the avoidable fall in the Garden of Eden. It is a clear agendum of God to restore man to his dignified and honored state before the fall, which was only possible by the shedding of blood as the sacrifice needed for the atonement and remission of sins via the finished work of Jesus Christ on the cross of Calvary. This Christ did of His own volition, the product of which is the “grace” that reconciles man to God. This “grace” is the central theme or focus of the Bible, as it swallows the law and paves the way for humanity to please God – human weakness is made strong through grace. Man can receive this free gift of grace by implicit faith in God, which is also free gift through the hearing of the word of God – one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. This paper looks into this gift of grace to humanity and the urgent need for us to key into it for our own good here on earth and hereafter. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "The Grace of God" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97163.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97163/the-grace-of-god/paul-a-adekunte

This research presents a novel adaptive threat detection framework that leverages lightweight hybrid learning to enhance cybersecurity in cloud scale environments. Addressing the limitations of traditional intrusion detection systems and standalone machine learning models, the proposed approach integrates supervised and unsupervised learning techniques within a resource efficient, scalable architecture. The model is designed to detect both known and unknown threats by combining classification capabilities with anomaly detection, further strengthened by a continuous feedback loop for real time adaptability. Experiments conducted using benchmark datasets such as CICIDS2017 and UNSW NB15, along with simulated cloud traffic, demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms existing solutions in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC, while maintaining low latency and high scalability. Deployed within a containerized environment to emulate real world conditions, the model showcases excellent performance in handling dynamic workloads, evolving attack patterns, and compliance sensitive deployments. This study establishes a practical, efficient, and future ready framework for intelligent threat detection, contributing significantly to the advancement of secure cloud computing. Vasudev Karthik Ravindran | Shivaraj Yanamandram Kuppuraju | Vineet Baniya "Adaptive Threat Detection using Lightweight Hybrid Learning in Cloud-Scale Environments" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97113.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/97113/adaptive-threat-detection-using-lightweight-hybrid-learning-in-cloudscale-environments/vasudev-karthik-ravindran

Childbirth is one of the most important events in a woman’s life. The wonder of motherhood is the enjoyable journey that is felt only by the mother after giving birth of rebirth by giving birth to a child. During post natal period, mothers experience numerous physiological and psychological changes. Most of the post natal women had afterpains. So it was found important to reduce the afterpains and hastened the process of involution of uterus. This study was conducted to assess Pre Test and Post Test Scores of Afterpains and Involution of Uterus Among Postnatal Mothers. Research design chosen for this study was Quasi experimental design, two group pretest and posttest design. The tool used for the study includes questionnaire to assess the level of afterpains pain by numerical pain scale. In control group level of afterpains and involution of uterus will be assessed every day morning and evening for 3 days through numerical pain rating scale and clinical proforma and also routine care provided. The obtained data was analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics using chi square and students independent t test. The study results revealed that results include the total 53.3 of mothers in experimental group and 60.0 of mothers in control group are having slow excruciating pain in pre test, and about 86.7 of mothers in experimental group and 93.3 of mothers in control group are having slow involution of uterus in pre test. The association includes a statistical significance between pain reduction and mother’s age between 26 30 years, 2=7.79p=0.05 , the mothers who attained menarche at the age between 12 15 years were also having a marked reduction in pain 2=6.43 p=0.04 statistical value is calculated by using Chi square test. The conclusion include that the intervention was found to be very effective in prevention of pains in mothers and fast involution of uterus. Ms. Chitra Yadav | Mrs. Preetshikha Sharma | Mrs. Anupriya "Assessment of Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of Afterpains and Involution of Uterus among Postnatal Mothers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79877.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/79877/assessment-of-pretest-and-posttest-scores-of-afterpains-and-involution-of-uterus-among-postnatal-mothers/ms-chitra-yadav

Fulanization is the historical and cultural impact of the Fulani people, particularly in West Africa. The Fulani Empire was led by figures like Usman dan Fodio, who played a significant role in the spread of Islam and the establishing of a vast empire across the region, which led to the shaping of the region’s cultural and religious identity. The Fulani language, Fulfude, greatly impacts the region’s linguistic landscape. Fulanization is a term used in political, cultural, and media discourse – especially in parts of West Africa – to describe the perceived spread of Fulani cultural, political, or economic dominance. The term is controversial and often associated with ethnic and religious tensions, particularly in Nigeria. The paper looks at the concept, context, and the impacts of Fulanization. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Fulanization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79954/fulanization/paul-a-adekunte

Generating solid waste and final disposal present a unique problem in almost every country. It is evidenced by the impacts on human health and the environment when it is not properly managed. On the other hand, if there are inadequate financial resources, solid waste management is enhanced. Many cities in the developing world cannot meet the need for solid waste management, although they invest a large proportion of their budget. Yet still, the service coverage is less than fifty percent of the total area allocated, as a result of ineffective solid waste management, there are risks to public health and societal well being. There is a great problem in the household management of solid waste in the rapidly growing Juba in South Sudan. It is important to note that Juba City is one of the fastest growing towns in South Sudan in terms of socioeconomic activities and infrastructural development. It is also considered one of the fastest growing cities globally UNEP, 2013 . There is no exact figure for the population of the city, but according to the Sudan population census conducted in 2008 reported that the population of the city was 230,192. The UN estimated the population of the city as well above one million The Sudd Institute 2012 . Coupled with this socio economic growth and industrial development, the city is experiencing rapid growth in its population due to the influx of returnees, internally displaced persons, and foreign technical experts seeking job opportunities in the industrial and business sectors. The population growth of the city was estimated to be 2.71 per annum, and it is projected to reach 305,319 by 2015 NBS, 2015 . Chol Daniel Deng Garang | John Leju Celestino Ladu | Yahya Ibrahim Said "Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environment and Public Health in Juba County, South Sudan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97161.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/97161/impacts-of-solid-waste-management-practices-on-environment-and-public-health-in-juba-county-south-sudan/chol-daniel-deng-garang

The aim of the study was to formulate a cream containing herbal composition to treat fungal infections of the skin and improve skin properties. This preparation belongs to herbal medicinal creams containing antifungal agents. It reveals a formula for treating skin fungal infections. For skin infections, a topical approach is the best option. Developing a local drug delivery system with systemic action may be advantageous for a variety of drugs, as it offers many advantages over traditional drug administration routes. Herbal ingredients such as Aloe vera, Neem, Tulsi, Pot Marigold calendula oil used to treat fungal skin infections. The cream base also contains bees wax, liquid paraffin, borax and methyl paraben. Rose oil is used for better fragrance. When the extracted herbal ingredients combine, they exert a powerful antifungal effect. The herbal antifungal cream formulation prepared was checked for its efficacy and safety. The prepared antifungal cream was performed to evaluate the physico chemical properties of formulated cream, including Physical Appearance Colour, Odour, Texture, State, pH, Spreadability, Homogeneity, Removal, After feel, Type of smear, Irritancy study and Antifungal activity. The medicated cream had good viscosity and color. However, the aroma of rose water was characteristic. Formulated herbal antifungal cream formulations were found to produce Antifungal effect with no irritation and rashes on skin. Priya Daingade | Kshitija Dattatraya Shingade | Swapnil Sudam Shrikhande | Gaurav Ajaykumar Singh | Sarthak Rahul Sinnarkar | Dr. Tushar Shelke "Formulation and Evaluation of Antifungal Herbal Cream" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79955.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/79955/formulation-and-evaluation-of-antifungal-herbal-cream/priya-daingade

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a process in which materials, such as metal or plastic, are layered to create objects based on digital models. The maritime industry, traditionally conservative in its adoption of new technologies, has increasingly recognized the potential benefits of 3D printing. 3D printing is rapidly transforming the maritime industry by enabling on demand production of parts, reducing lead times, and offering cost savings. As the maritime sector seeks to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve sustainability, 3D printing is emerging as a powerful tool that has the potential to revolutionize shipbuilding and repair processes. This paper studies the integration of 3D printing in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "3D Printing in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97153/3d-printing-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Diabetes mellitus, a global metabolic disorder, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and alterations in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This study evaluates the protective effects of Aloe vera on key biochemical parameters—blood glucose, plasma protein, and serum cholesterol—in Alloxan induced diabetic mice. Mice were divided into four groups control, diabetic control, Aloe vera treated diabetic, and standard drug glibenclamide treated diabetic. After 21 days of treatment, Aloe vera administration significantly reduced blood glucose and serum cholesterol while improving plasma protein levels, indicating its potential antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties. These findings support the therapeutic use of Aloe vera in managing diabetes related complications. Satyam Priya | Bhupendra PD Singh | Arun Kumar "Protective Effect of Aloe vera on Biochemical Parameters (Blood Glucose, Plasma Protein, and Serum Cholesterol) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97092.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97092/protective-effect-of-aloe-vera-on-biochemical-parameters-blood-glucose-plasma-protein-and-serum-cholesterol-in-alloxaninduced-diabetic-mice/satyam-priya

Accurate identification and interpretation of planetary surface features are critical for advancing extraterrestrial geological research. In this study, we propose a two stage intelligent framework that combines a Convolutional Neural Network CNN with a Large Language Model LLM to classify and explain features on the Martian surface. CNN is trained on annotated satellite imagery from NASA’s HiRISE dataset to detect surface structures such as craters, dunes, slope streaks, and impact ejecta. Once a class is predicted, the output is passed to a state of the art LLM Meta’s LLaMA 4 model accessed via Groq API , which generates human readable scientific explanations for the detected features. Our system not only identifies features accurately but also explains them clearly. This shows how AI can help scientists better understand planets and could be useful for future space missions. Sony Annem "Enhancing Planetary Surface Analysis using a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework: Combining CNN-Based Image Classification with LLM-Driven Semantic Explanations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79929.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/79929/enhancing-planetary-surface-analysis-using-a-hybrid-deep-learning-framework-combining-cnnbased-image-classification-with-llmdriven-semantic-explanations/sony-annem

This paper presents a detailed review and analysis of key advancements in modeling and understanding short channel effects in advanced MOSFET architectures, including double gate and carbon nanotube FETs. Emphasis is placed on electrostatic scale lengths, quantum transport, phonon scattering, and circuit level implications of nanoscale device behavior. The study compiles and critiques influential models and simulations that guide the design of high performance, low leakage transistors compatible with future CMOS technologies. Yashaswini M A | Suchi C | Sinchana V Bhat | Tanuja C "Analytic Description of Short-Channel Effects in Fully-Depleted Double-Gate and Cylindrical, Surrounding-Gate MOSFETs: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80031.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80031/analytic-description-of-shortchannel-effects-in-fullydepleted-doublegate-and-cylindrical-surroundinggate-mosfets-survey-paper/yashaswini-m-a

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects a child’s communication, behaviour and social interaction. It is a neurological condition that may begin very early in life, often becoming noticeable before the age of three. The brain development of children with autism happens differently which causes them to respond differently towards environmental situations unlike other kids. Autism is also known as AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ASD . Maitri Mamata Panda "Understanding Autism - Causes, Identification and Intervention" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97152.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97152/understanding-autism--causes-identification-and-intervention/maitri-mamata-panda

Python has become the dominant programming language in the fields of Artificial Intelligence AI and Machine Learning ML due to its user friendly nature, versatility, and the vast array of libraries available to developers. This paper explores how Python facilitates the rapid development of AI and ML applications, particularly through popular frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Scikit learn. Additionally, a case study on image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs demonstrates Pythons practical applications in real world scenarios. The comparative analysis presented in this paper emphasizes Pythons effectiveness in fostering scalable and reproducible research in the field of AI. M. Yamuna "Python for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79847.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/79847/python-for-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning/m-yamuna

The concepts of mathematics performance and mathematics achievement have often been taken to mean the same thing. Though mathematics performance has been known to predict achievement to a certain degree, the extent to which student reported outcome measures predict or substitute standardized tests in the measurement of mathematics learning outcomes has been given very limited attention. The present study utilized a cross sectional survey research design on a sample consisting of 206 first cycle students of secondary school, and applied a bifactor analysis model, to investigate if there was a common trait of mathematical ability measured across all three mathematics learning outcome sub scales utilized in the present study. Additionally, the study investigated if self assessment scores, together with mathematics performance scores, and achievement tests scores provide the ultimate criterion for the assessment of mathematics learning outcomes. Findings revealed that mathematics performance and perceived mathematics performance differentially predicts mathematics achievement while controlling for mathematics self efficacy, and mathematics self concept. Moreover, of all three bifactor models hypothesized in the study, the augmented oblique bifactor model provided the best fit for the data. Calculated bifactor statistical indices placed the relative bias of standardized bifactor loadings above the 10 benchmark revealing that some multidimensionality was severe enough to disqualify the interpretation of the instrument as primarily unidimensional. Though no significant evidence was found in support of the fact that a questionnaire on student reported mathematics outcome measures possesses predictive criterion validity, findings however revealed that the aggregated scores from all three subscales explored in the study provided a much realistic criterion for measuring mathematics learning outcomes. Furthermore, students perceived or self rating of their mathematical abilities on specific math tasks were grossly exaggerated compared to their actual or demonstrable mathematical abilities. In spite of the fact that no direct relationship was found, mathematics performance had an indirect effect on mathematics achievement through mathematics self efficacy, and self concept. Findings have implications for the modern measurement theory. It was recommended that standardized mathematics tests should not be substituted with neither questionnaire measures nor with class tests or school based tests in the measurement of mathematics achievement, given that each subscale was shown to be a reliable enough measure of their individual constructs, but that in order to improve students’ performances in the subject the aggregation of subscale scores could be considered. Kesiki, Samuel | Nekang, Fabian Nfon "A Questionnaire in the Measurement of Mathematics Achievement? An Application of Bifactor Modeling in Assessing Criterion Validity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79998.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/79998/a-questionnaire-in-the-measurement-of-mathematics-achievement-an-application-of-bifactor-modeling-in-assessing-criterion-validity/kesiki-samuel

Banking as a service BaaS is a type of financial technology that helps software platforms access banking capabilities traditionally only offered by a licensed bank. It enables non banks to provide financial services to their customers. It is a great opportunity for existing banks, insurers, and wealth managers to reach a greater number of customers at a lower cost by teaming up with non financial businesses. A BaaS provider makes it easy for any business to embed the financial services traditionally offered by a bank such as monetary accounts, cards, and loans directly into its existing software. The significance of BaaS lies in its ability to democratize the banking value chain, giving rise to specialized propositions that meet the rising demand for embedded financial services. This paper covers the basics of BaaS. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Banking as a Service: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79956.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79956/banking-as-a-service-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This work discusses the compact model and the physics of nanoscale field effect transistors FETs , specifically the Virtual Source VS model. It points out how conventional compact models, originally formulated for microscale devices, can be extended to characterize nanoscale FETs by redefining fundamental parameters such as mobility and saturation velocity. The authors employ the Landauer method to give physical meaning to these parameters and demonstrate that transport in nanoscale FETs is diffusion limited close to the virtual source, both below and above threshold. The work also addresses how current saturation is controlled by velocity saturation near the source instead of the maximum channel velocity and why conventional models are still valid even though the nanoscale has different transport mechanisms. The findings seek to close the gap between compact modeling and device physics, providing a better understanding of nanoscale FET behavior for both circuit design and research purposes. Sinchana V Bhat | Suchi C | Tanuja C | Yashaswini M A "Compact Models and the Physics of Nanoscale FETs: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80049.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80049/compact-models-and-the-physics-of-nanoscale-fets-survey-paper/sinchana-v-bhat

This chapter presents the general Background information regarding the topic chosen which is,” Investment policies and promotion of foreign direct investment in Telecommunication Industry. A case study TIGO Company and Business Community Head office .It covers the background of the study, Statement of the problem, Purpose of the study, Research objectives, Research questions, Scope of the study, Significance of the study, and Conceptual frame work. Ms. Kayitesi Janet Peace | Mayange Micheal "Investment Policies and Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment in Telecommunication Industry in Rwanda: A Case Study of Tigo Co. and Business Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79958.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79958/investment-policies-and-promotion-of-foreign-direct-investment-in-telecommunication-industry-in-rwanda-a-case-study-of-tigo-co-and-business-community/ms-kayitesi-janet-peace

This paper presents a computationally efficient physics based compact model designed for conventional CNTFETs with MOSFET like operation. A key novelty is the implementation of a new analytical model for channel charge. The model is cross linked with Boltzmann Monte Carlo MC simulation. Comparison of electrical characteristics from MC simulation and compact modeling demonstrates the models accuracy within its validity range. Furthermore, the compact model is used to determine CNTFET threshold voltage distribution and evaluate propagation delay dispersion in a ring oscillator, based on a study of CNT diameter dispersion across three technological processes. Tanuja C | Sinchana V Bhat | Suchi C | Yashaswini M A "Computationally Efficient Physics-Based Compact CNTFET Model for Circuit Design: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80032.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80032/computationally-efficient-physicsbased-compact-cntfet-model-for-circuit-design-survey-paper/tanuja-c

This study presents a comprehensive survey of existing hand gesture recognition systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications in various environments. Hand gesture recognition has been a topic of intense interest among researchers in Human Computer Interaction HCI because of the prospects it holds for delivering more natural and intuitive user interfaces. Hand detection and segmentation are key steps involved in gesture recognition since they form the initial stages in movement identification and analysis. These operations can be performed effectively with programming languages like Python, which boasts extensive sets of libraries and tools for computer vision and machine learning. An exemplary application of this technology can be found in the SilentSpeak project, which is an innovative software program aiming to enable communication for those who are nonverbal or speech impaired. SilentSpeak is an instant sign language interpreter, employing sophisticated computer vision and machine learning techniques to identify, classify, and interpret sign language signs, followed by translating them into written or spoken words. As well as bridging the communication divide between the hearing population and the nonverbal, this ability fosters an inclusive social infrastructure. SilentSpeaks technology architecture is multi layered. HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript are used to implement the user interface. It is dynamic and interactive. The systems core is a machine learning model that does gesture recognition and is interfaced with the front end via the Flask web framework in Python. Such a design allows the integration of the model and user interface to be simple, thereby enabling real time gesture recognition and translation. Shamim Ansari | MD. Firdous "SilentSpeak: AI-Powered Real-Time Sign Language Interpreter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/81066/silentspeak-aipowered-realtime-sign-language-interpreter/shamim-ansari

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a process in which materials, such as metal or plastic, are layered to create objects based on digital models. The maritime industry, traditionally conservative in its adoption of new technologies, has increasingly recognized the potential benefits of 3D printing. 3D printing is rapidly transforming the maritime industry by enabling on demand production of parts, reducing lead times, and offering cost savings. As the maritime sector seeks to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve sustainability, 3D printing is emerging as a powerful tool that has the potential to revolutionize shipbuilding and repair processes. This paper studies the integration of 3D printing in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "3D Printing in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97153/3d-printing-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Blockchain is a time stamped series of a record of data that is managed by several computers that are not owned by any single person or company. The technology has the potential to revolutionize the maritime industry by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency in global shipping and logistics. It addresses some of the most persistent challenges in maritime logistics, including inefficiencies, fraud, and lack of transparency. Its inherent immutability and use of powerful encryption technology offer high security from fraudulent activities, such as document manipulations. This paper investigates the integration of blockchain technology into the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97147.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97147/blockchain-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects a child’s communication, behaviour and social interaction. It is a neurological condition that may begin very early in life, often becoming noticeable before the age of three. The brain development of children with autism happens differently which causes them to respond differently towards environmental situations unlike other kids. Autism is also known as AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ASD . Maitri Mamata Panda "Understanding Autism - Causes, Identification and Intervention" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97152.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97152/understanding-autism--causes-identification-and-intervention/maitri-mamata-panda

Diabetes mellitus, a global metabolic disorder, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and alterations in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This study evaluates the protective effects of Aloe vera on key biochemical parameters—blood glucose, plasma protein, and serum cholesterol—in Alloxan induced diabetic mice. Mice were divided into four groups control, diabetic control, Aloe vera treated diabetic, and standard drug glibenclamide treated diabetic. After 21 days of treatment, Aloe vera administration significantly reduced blood glucose and serum cholesterol while improving plasma protein levels, indicating its potential antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties. These findings support the therapeutic use of Aloe vera in managing diabetes related complications. Satyam Priya | Bhupendra PD Singh | Arun Kumar "Protective Effect of Aloe vera on Biochemical Parameters (Blood Glucose, Plasma Protein, and Serum Cholesterol) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97092.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97092/protective-effect-of-aloe-vera-on-biochemical-parameters-blood-glucose-plasma-protein-and-serum-cholesterol-in-alloxaninduced-diabetic-mice/satyam-priya

Music serves as a universal medium for relaxation, emotional connection, and entertainment, offering solace after long workdays or enriching leisure moments. Beyond its role in dance and recreation, it resonates deeply with personal emotions, often mirroring the listener’s state of mind. But finding the perfect song for your mood or taste can be a tough task for some. This is where music fans want to be and know what category of music they’re interested in however, getting them to the exact track they enjoy is tricky. This work is developing an intelligent genre classifier and providing personalized recommendation with the ease of use in music discovery. We take advantage of machine learning to automatically classify music into deep and fine grained categories, so that users can find their favorite music styles effortlessly. In Music Information Retrieval MIR , automatic genre classification is an fundamental task. We concentrate on training and testing different machine learning models to achieve accurate and efficient music assemblage. This task is performed by three important algorithms the K Nearest Neighbours KNN , the Support Vector Machines SVM and the Convolutional Neural Networks CNN . The models are learned over the well known GTZAN dataset that consists of 1,000 audio tracks with 1 min duration each, divided into 10 genres. Discriminative features, such as the waveform patterns and MFCCs, are extracted to represent each audio sample, which are then fed into the classifiers. This paper spans rigorous experimentation to measure the adequacy of machine learning methods in genre identification and overall pushes the state of the art of next level music classification system. Yuvraj Singh | Ritik Singh "A Comparative Study of Algorithmic Approaches for Automated Music Genre Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80026.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/80026/a-comparative-study-of-algorithmic-approaches-for-automated-music-genre-classification/yuvraj-singh

Indian English fiction has long served as a powerful vehicle for engaging with the complexities of cultural identity and nationhood in the postcolonial context. This article explores how select literary works by prominent Indian English writers narrate the nation—not as a singular or static entity, but as a dynamic and deeply contested construct shaped by historical trauma, social divisions, and cultural hybridity. Drawing upon the works of Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Amitav Ghosh, and Kiran Desai, the paper investigates how these narratives interrogate the legacies of colonialism while simultaneously participating in the re imagination of India’s collective selfhood. By examining the interplay between personal memory and national history, the paper highlights how postcolonial fiction resists homogenising state narratives and instead foregrounds fragmented, subaltern, and marginalised perspectives. These literary texts explore themes such as displacement, exile, caste discrimination, and religious plurality, shedding light on the challenges of forging cultural identity in a pluralistic society. The article also analyses how narrative structure, language choice, and symbolic imagery serve as tools of both resistance and reclamation within these texts. Through a critical engagement with postcolonial theory and cultural studies, the study contends that Indian English fiction does not merely reflect the nation—it actively participates in shaping its cultural consciousness. In doing so, these narratives offer a nuanced and often counter hegemonic vision of what it means to belong to a postcolonial nation still grappling with the shadows of empire and the demands of modernity. This article ultimately positions Indian English fiction as a crucial literary space where the nation is continuously reimagined, contested, and rewritten from within. Raghavendra A "Narrating the Nation: Cultural Identity and Postcolonial Consciousness in Indian English Fiction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97151.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97151/narrating-the-nation-cultural-identity-and-postcolonial-consciousness-in-indian-english-fiction/raghavendra-a

“Document Anything written on any surface using any material”Analysis of sequence of movement of ink in strokes is easily analyzed by examining physical features of fiber of writing surface, for instance, writing surface, such as, normal paper made from lignin rag, printing paper made from chemically treated wood pulp and wrapping paper from jute, hemp and old rope, bears characteristic feature because of presence of individual characteristic feature of each component of writing surface. These features plays vital role in absorption or adsorption, as the case may be, of ink on the writing surface. An examiner may easily determine Sequence of execution of Strokes by examining characteristic features of writing instrument and surface at the intersection of strokes. In this paper author have examined various types of intersections i.e. Different inks on different surface under various and necessary equipment’s, author have also examined printing ink, carbon ink and others for concluding specific features, to be consider by an examiner for the determination of Sequence of Strokes. Prakash Chandra "Determination of Sequence of Strokes: Under Various Light Sources and Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79970.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/79970/determination-of-sequence-of-strokes-under-various-light-sources-and-conditions/prakash-chandra

Acharya charaka has given specific importance to pregnant women and has compared them with oil filled vessel, which can be split by little displacement and to provide proper attention during pregnancy. Ayurvedic classics have mentioned Garbhini Chardi as one among the Vyakta garbha lakshanas, which can be correlated with emesis gravidarum. Emesis Gravidarum is a worldwide common obstetrical problem seen in the first trimester of pregnancy in about 50 of pregnant women. Nausea and vomiting tend to be worse in the morning termed Morning sickness, they frequently continue throughout the day. Vomiting in the early weeks of pregnancy is very common. If we do not correct the simple vomiting it leads to severe. So one should take care to treat this condition in initial stage and prevent complications. Different formulations and recipes have been mentioned in Ayurvedic classics which can easily be incorporated in day today life by a pregnant woman for Chardi. Hence in this study an effort is made to list out simple and effective management of Garbhini Chardi with the help of various herbal preparations. Dr. Trupti Anil Yadav | Dr. Ishwari Patil | Dr. Sonalika Hiremath "Review Article on Garbhini Chardi WSR to Emesis Gravidarum" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97150.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97150/review-article-on-garbhini-chardi-wsr-to-emesis-gravidarum/dr-trupti-anil-yadav

Immersive technologies are a group of emerging technologies that all share a common aim to create an experience for users that mediates their perception of their physical environment. Immersive technology is an integration of two main categories with varying levels of immersive experiences virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR that extend reality or creates a new reality by leveraging the 360 space sphere. Immersive technologies are about to upgrade finance from a heap of spreadsheets to something we interact with and understand intuitively. So rather than conventional brick and mortar facilities, traditional and emerging innovative banks can use AR VR banking and save time and money while giving the same banking experience to customers. Immersive technologies offer exciting opportunities to transform banks and other financial institutions. In this paper, we will examine some of the potential benefits and the challenges of adapting immersive technology in the financial industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Financial Services" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79971.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79971/immersive-technologies-in-financial-services/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Cybergogy is an emerging pedagogical model that blends cognitive, emotional, and social engagement in virtual learning environments. In an era defined by digital transformation, the importance of designing learning that fosters meaningful engagement through technology has become paramount. This paper investigates the foundational principles, applications, and effectiveness of cybergogy in digital learning environments. The research aims to analyze how cybergogy enhances learner engagement. A qualitative research approach was employed through literature analysis, expert opinion, and digital classroom observations. Results suggest cybergogy fosters self regulated learning, emotional connectivity, and knowledge co construction. The paper contributes to the discourse on 21st century pedagogies, offering insight into the implementation and potential of cybergogy in modern education. Sarthak Mondal "Cybergogy in the 21st Century: Transforming Digital Learning Pedagogy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97121.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97121/cybergogy-in-the-21st-century-transforming-digital-learning-pedagogy/sarthak-mondal

This research paper investigates the academic achievement of higher secondary students in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, within the framework of the National Education Policy NEP 2020, focusing specifically on the influence of environmental contexts. Using a qualitative approach, the study examines how various socio economic, cultural, infrastructural, and institutional factors affect learners academic performance. Data were collected through in depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations involving students, teachers, parents, and school administrators across both rural and semi urban areas of the district. The study reveals that academic achievement is closely linked to environmental variables such as parental literacy, economic stability, gender norms, access to digital resources, quality of teaching, and school infrastructure. It also highlights the role of community involvement and government policy in shaping educational experiences. The NEP 2020s emphasis on equity, inclusivity, and context specific learning strategies provides a critical lens through which to understand and address these disparities. Findings suggest that while NEP 2020 presents a transformative vision for Indian education, its implementation in under resourced regions like Murshidabad requires targeted support, teacher training, and infrastructural investment. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at aligning local educational realities with the goals of NEP 2020 for improved academic outcomes. Abdullahil Baki | Prof. Dr. Archana Pathak "Academic Achievement and Environmental Contexts: A Qualitative Analysis of Murshidabad Districts Higher Secondary Learners in the Framework of NEP 2020" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/81083/academic-achievement-and-environmental-contexts-a-qualitative-analysis-of-murshidabad-districts-higher-secondary-learners-in-the-framework-of-nep-2020/abdullahil-baki

CRISPR based diagnostics represent a transformative advancement in viral detection and surveillance, offering rapid, cost effective, and highly sensitive alternatives to traditional methods. Originating from bacterial adaptive immune systems, CRISPR Cas platforms such as Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 have been adapted for precise nucleic acid detection enable point of care POC testing. Platforms like SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and HOLMES have demonstrated success in detecting various pathogens, addressing urgent needs during recent outbreaks such as COVID 19. Despite current limitations such as off target effects, PAM dependency, and workflow complexity, to overcome this limitation ongoing innovations in Cas protein engineering, assay design, and integration with AI and portable devices are rapidly advancing the field. With regulatory approvals already achieved for certain platforms, CRISPR based diagnostics are poised to become vital tools in global public health, enabling rapid, scalable, and accessible disease surveillance and personalized healthcare. Nithesh H M | A K Tiwari | Vikramaditya Upmanyu | Purushotham RV | Raghavesh AN | Prajwal Goudar "CRISPR-Based Diagnostics: A New Frontier in Viral Detection and Surveillance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97127.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97127/crisprbased-diagnostics-a-new-frontier-in-viral-detection-and-surveillance/nithesh-h-m

Internet sex addiction which is also referred to as cybersex addiction or online sex addiction or compulsive addiction, is that pattern of behavior characterized by excessive and compulsive use of online sexual content, such as viewing pornography, engaging in online sexual chat, video sex, online dating for sexual purposes, participating in sex related forums or other forms of online sexual content regardless of its negative impacts or consequences. The advent of the internet has significantly transformed how people engage with sexual content, making it more accessible, affordable, and anonymous – this is often referred to as the “Triple A Engine”. This paper attempts to look into the issues around internet sex addiction and how it impacts the society at large. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet Sex Addiction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81103.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81103/internet-sex-addiction/paul-a-adekunte

MapReduce is a widely used programming model for processing and analyzing large scale datasets in a distributed computing environment. As the volume of data continues to grow exponentially, MapReduce offers an efficient and scalable solution to manage big data challenges, particularly in areas requiring parallel processing and fault tolerance. This article explores the fundamentals of MapReduce, highlighting its two key phases Map and Reduce they are utilized to process vast amounts of data across distributed systems. Key MapReduce based algorithms for tasks such as data analysis, sorting, searching, graph processing, and machine learning are discussed in detail, including implementations of the Word Count algorithm, PageRank, k means clustering, and matrix multiplication. The article further examines the challenges associated with MapReduce, such as inefficiencies in iterative processing and overheads during shuffle and sort phases. It also explores emerging trends and improvements, including the integration of MapReduce with modern frameworks like Apache Spark and its application in cloud computing and AI driven big data analytics. Finally, the article reflects on the evolving landscape of big data and distributed computing, highlighting the continued relevance and potential of MapReduce in the future of data processing. Dr. Gopal Prasad Sharma | Prof. Dr. Pawan Kumar Jha | Prof. Raj Kumar Thakur "MapReduce-based Algorithms for Efficient Big Data Processing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81126.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/81126/mapreducebased-algorithms-for-efficient-big-data-processing/dr-gopal-prasad-sharma

In todays digital world, big data is growing at an unprecedented rate, presenting significant challenges in terms of storage and management. Compression algorithms play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges by reducing data size without compromising essential information. This article provides an in depth exploration of data compression techniques, categorizing them into lossless and lossy compression methods, and evaluates their effectiveness in big data applications. The integration of these algorithms into popular big data frameworks such as Hadoop, Spark, and cloud storage systems is discussed, highlighting their impact on storage efficiency and data accessibility. A comparison of several compression algorithms, including Snappy, Zstandard, Gzip, and Brotli, is also presented to guide the selection of the most suitable algorithm based on compression ratio, speed, and the type of data being processed. The article concludes with a look into future trends and innovations in compression, including AI and machine learning based techniques, adaptive methods, and the potential for quantum compression. These advancements offer exciting prospects for improving data storage and processing capabilities, while addressing ongoing challenges in big data environments. Dr. Gopal Prasad Sharma | Prof. Raj Kumar Thakur | Prof. Dr. Pawan Kumar Jha "Compression Algorithms for Efficient Big Data Storage" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81127.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/81127/compression-algorithms-for-efficient-big-data-storage/dr-gopal-prasad-sharma

Cloud computing has revolutionized the dynamics of the entertainment business by making accessible the tools and infrastructure required for efficient content creation, management, and distribution. It is reshaping content creation, distribution, and consumption. Cloud computing in the media allows new ways of creating, managing, and broadcasting media content more effectively. Along with easy collaboration, sophisticated workflow, and data management, cloud resources have prevented huge data losses and generated high quality content. The adaptive nature of cloud offerings makes it a perfect choice for the MandE industry that is currently looking for ways to address the emerging global shifts in media and entertainment patterns. This paper examines the various roles of cloud computing in the media and entertainment sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81128.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81128/cloud-computing-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Menopausal symptoms are alarming call to more sincere attention to elderly women’s health. As lifespan is increased with developed medical facilities, women are living around 30 years in postmenopausal state with all the complaints of menopause and geriasis. In Ayurveda, menopause is depicted as “jarapakwa avastha” and rajonivrutti. Rajonivrutti janya laksana is a group of symptoms produced by degenerative changes in the body. Degenerative changes are dhatukshaya lakshana in Ayurveda. Vata dosha is dominant in the vridhha stage of life. Symptoms in menopausal phase like insomnia, anxiety, urinary symptoms, and osteoporotic changes are due to dominance of vata dosha. Along with that pitta dosha symptoms like hot flushes, irritability etc are seen, during this phase, here in this we are going to study menopause rajonivrutti and its ayurvedic management. Dr. Sarwana Sameen | Dr. Sridevi Swamy | Dr. Sonalika Hiremath "Ayurvedic Review Article on Rajonivrutti W.S.R to Menopausal Syndrome" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97145/ayurvedic-review-article-on-rajonivrutti-wsr-to-menopausal-syndrome/dr-sarwana-sameen

Over the past decade, the gig economy has transformed the nature of work and reshaped labour markets across the globe. Driven by rapid technological advancement, shifting worker preferences, and a demand for flexibility, the gig economy represents a fundamental shift from traditional employment models. This research explores the evolution and implications of the gig economy from 2014 to 2024, with a particular focus on economic trends, policy challenges, and employment dynamics. The paper draws upon global and regional data, with specific emphasis on the UK, India, and Southeast Asia, to illustrate the socioeconomic impacts of gig based work. Through a combination of literature review, trend analysis, and qualitative research, it uncovers how platforms like Uber, Zomato, Fiverr, and Upwork have created both opportunities and precarity. The study addresses the macroeconomic effects of gig work on GDP, income distribution, and labour rights. It investigates whether the gig economy is a sustainable form of employment or a transitional phase in the broader evolution of capitalism. The paper engages with diverse academic perspectives to analyse structural inequalities within the gig system. Ultimately, this research contributes to ongoing debates around informalisation, digital labour, and the future of work, and offers policy recommendations aimed at balancing flexibility with protection. Dr. Rashmi Tuli "The Rise of the Gig Economy: Economic Implications and Labour Market Trends in the Last Decade" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81097.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/81097/the-rise-of-the-gig-economy-economic-implications-and-labour-market-trends-in-the-last-decade/dr-rashmi-tuli

Blockchain is a distributed ledger system for recording and storing transactions. At its core, blockchain is a digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers in a way that supports the security and integrity of the data. Blockchain offers a technique to create and maintain an immutable and transparent distributed and shared ledger to be able to store information in. The legal industry is revolutionizing its operations with the help of blockchain technology. Blockchain’s transparent, immutable, and secure nature allows lawyers to record and solve different types of legal matters. The objective of this paper is to explore the integration of blockchain into the legal profession. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Benedict Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Law" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79972.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79972/blockchain-in-law/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Anovulation is the failure to produce a mature ovum by ovary. Anovulatory factor is an important subset in infertility among women accounting about 40 of cases. In such patients ovulation induction is a rescuer. Infertility brings marital disharmony, social rejection which results in anxiety and disappointment. In Ayurveda, Vandhyatva is a Vata Dosha Pradhana Vyadi and Ovulation is under the control of Vata especially Apana Vata. The aim of this study is to understand Vandhyatva along with Anovulation with Ayurveda. Dr. Kale Shruti Ramakant | Dr. Sheela Mallikarjun | Dr. Ishwari Patil | Dr. Sridevi Swamy | Dr. Sonalika Hiremath "Ayurvedic Review Article on Streevandhyatwa WSR to Anovulation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97144.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97144/ayurvedic-review-article-on-streevandhyatwa-wsr-to-anovulation/dr-kale-shruti-ramakant

The aim of this work is to design a satellite communication system with low latency for enhanced data transmission enabled by A.I driven capabilities. This research presents the design of a low latency satellite communication system that incorporates artificial intelligence AI to enhance data transmission speed, reliability, and autonomy. The design employed an experimental method, which involved the determination of path pathloss and received power after the selection of the appropriate frequency band, operation frequency, transmitter power, and antenna gain. The materials used include both software like Python and Arduino and hardware such as an Arduino board, servo motor, antenna, and Raspberry Pi. The system operates in the Ka band 20 GHz downlink, 30 GHz uplink using a geostationary Earth orbit GEO platform. We apply AI algorithms to perform real time beamforming, dynamic frequency selection, and resource optimization, which ensure minimal latency and significantly reduce data loss. A comprehensive link budget analysis is conducted, incorporating a 100 W transmit power and high gain antennas, alongside advanced modulation schemes e.g., 16 APSK, 32 APSK and LDPC coding to maximize throughput and signal integrity. The results show that the experimental project demonstrates a basic directional signal tracking system over a simple RF link using low cost hardware, in which the integration of a signal generator with a servo controlled antenna and RF transmission allowed for a basic simulation of signal movement and directionality. Although the 433 MHz modules dont support native analog RSSI, the workaround using an analog read circuit enabled signal strength estimation.The system was stable in terms of signal generation and servo control, with latency readings very consistent under good conditions but varying slightly with environmental interference. It was concluded that with a comprehensive link budget analysis, the use of AI can be applied to develop a satellite communication system with a low latency for improved data transmission capabilities. Aisha Ndahi "Design of A Satellite Communication System with Low Latency for Enhanced Data Transmission Enabled by AI-Driven Capabilities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81158.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81158/design-of-a-satellite-communication-system-with-low-latency-for-enhanced-data-transmission-enabled-by-aidriven-capabilities/aisha-ndahi

Big data is a term used to describe large volumes of data, collected from a variety of sources and processed at high speed. Big data analytics is revolutionizing the maritime industry, enabling better decision making, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety through the analysis of vast amounts of data generated by vessels and ports. Big data has become a game changer in the maritime industry. The industry heavily relies on data analytics and has embraced big data to optimize operations, improve efficiency, and enhance safety. This paper explores big data as a tech trend that is shaping the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97143.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97143/big-data-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This “paper investigated the signal processing and feature extraction of the aforementioned speeches in order to investigate the intelligent machine technology for comprehending infants needs and emotions from speech signals and, as a result, assisting parents in child rearing. It would appear that the infants speech signals alone were not sufficient to achieve a high level of precision and dependability when it came to dealing with a variety of needs and emotions. Taking into account the combined characteristics of acoustic characteristics and rearing behaviors, an efficient recognition strategy was therefore proposed using the SVM classification algorithm. The findings of the experiment demonstrated that the majority of infants typical physiological and psychological states, such as happiness, hunger, and slumber, can be correctly identified with a relatively high level of accuracy. Mr. K N V Krishna Sai Ram | Mr. Parasurama N | Prashanthi Maddala "Automated Speech Recognition System to Detect Babies Feelings through Feature Analysis using SVM Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81124.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/cognitive-science/81124/automated-speech-recognition-system-to-detect-babies-feelings-through-feature-analysis-using-svm-algorithm/mr-k-n-v-krishna-sai-ram

Organizational structures, procedures, and practices all exhibit the complex problem of gender disparity. Human resources HR procedures perpetuate some of the most detrimental gender disparities for women. This is due to the fact that hiring, training, compensation, and advancement of women are impacted by HR practices i.e., policies, decision making, and their implementation . We offer a model of gender discrimination in HR that highlights how gender inequality in firms is a reciprocal phenomenon. By putting in place inclusive policies, encouraging gender neutral hiring practices, and providing training programs that increase awareness of unconscious bias, human resources HR plays a critical role in eliminating these inequities. HRs contribution to closing the gender gap through tactics like leadership training, equal pay programs, mentoring, and encouraging work environments. Although there has been progress, issues like unconscious bias and reluctance to change still exist, necessitating ongoing work to create a truly inclusive and fair atmosphere. Apeksha Narayan Nigade | Dr. Ravindra Deshmukh "From Equality to Equity: Advancing Quality of Work Life for Men and Women through Inclusive, Gender-Sensitive HR Practices and Supportive Workplace Culture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79973.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79973/from-equality-to-equity-advancing-quality-of-work-life-for-men-and-women-through-inclusive-gendersensitive-hr-practices-and-supportive-workplace-culture/apeksha-narayan-nigade

The Jaishankar Doctrine represents a transformative shift in Indian foreign policy, emphasizing pragmatic realism, strategic autonomy, and interest based multi alignment in an increasingly fragmented global order. Developed under the leadership of External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar, the doctrine departs from traditional frameworks like Nehruvian idealism and non alignment, opting instead for a proactive, issue based diplomacy that seeks to position India as a leading power. This article critically analyzes the foundational principles of the Jaishankar Doctrine, its divergence from earlier policy models, and its influence on India’s bilateral and multilateral engagements. It also explores how the doctrine navigates the balance between national sovereignty and global interdependence, while assessing its broader implications and limitations for Indias leadership ambitions amid ongoing geopolitical disruptions. The study concludes that while the doctrine enhances Indias global relevance, its long term success depends on bridging structural gaps and sustaining credible leadership through both values and performance. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "The Jaishankar Doctrine: India’s Pragmatic Approach to Global Diplomacy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81159.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/81159/the-jaishankar-doctrine-indias-pragmatic-approach-to-global-diplomacy/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

This study reports the development and validation of UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative analysis of dorzolamide hydrochloride DOR and timolol maleate TIM in ophthalmic formulations. Three analytical techniques, dual wavelength, bivariate, and area under the curve AUC methods, were employed to resolve spectral overlap without requiring separation. The dual wavelength method utilized 228.8 and 280 nm, while the bivariate method used 220 and 250 nm, and AUC focused on the 253 258 nm and 272 277 nm ranges. TIM was also quantified directly at 297 nm. Calibration curves demonstrated excellent linearity r² 0.998 , with satisfactory accuracy and precision in accordance with ICH guidelines. These validated methods are robust, cost effective, and suitable for routine quality control of ophthalmic drugs, particularly in resource constrained environments. Faizah Salisu | Hilal Abubakar Saleh "UV Spectrophotometric Determination of Dorzolamide and Timolol in Ophthalmic Formulations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97139.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/97139/uv-spectrophotometric-determination-of-dorzolamide-and-timolol-in-ophthalmic-formulations/faizah-salisu

Technology has been the main driving factor for the media and entertainment MandE industry and it is modernizing the industry. The MandE industry continues to rapidly evolve and transform. New media technologies are changing the game and shaping content creation, distribution, and consumption. The MandE industry is undergoing significant transformations that will impact the future of television. Social media applications like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram have become primary distribution channels that allow content creators to get to millions of people at first. This democratization is not devoid of its problems for the same reason – namely, the rapidly growing number of media products, it becomes practically impossible for each media product to be noticeable. This paper looks at the top emerging technologies in the media industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79974.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79974/emerging-technologies-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

As organizations shift toward hybrid IT environments, the integration of on premises identity and access management IAM systems with cloud based identity services has become a strategic imperative. This paper explores architectural models, security implications, and operational challenges associated with hybrid IAM deployments. We propose a layered reference architecture that enables seamless identity federation, policy orchestration, and lifecycle management across cloud and legacy systems. Real world use cases and technical patterns are presented to guide the deployment of resilient, scalable, and secure hybrid IAM infrastructures. Ravi Karthick Sankara Narayanan "Hybrid IAM Deployments: Bridging On-Premises Security with Cloud Identity Services" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81160.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81160/hybrid-iam-deployments-bridging-onpremises-security-with-cloud-identity-services/ravi-karthick-sankara-narayanan

An overwhelming majority of the global population, approximately 95 , have suffered from a headache at some point in their lives, with an alarming annual prevalence that suggests nearly half of all adults have experienced a headache within a given year. Migraine and associated symptoms are a significant burden to the financial, mental, and physical wellbeing of those that live with this chronic disease. Migraine it is a common chronic disorder it is typically characterized by attacks of headache and accompanying symptoms including aura. The understanding of migraine pathophysiology has evolved over the years. There are several different theories surrounding migraine development and maintenance. The aetiology is multifactorial with rare monogenic variants depression, epilepsy, stroke, migraine attacks themselves act as stressor. This review provides an overview that both stress and migraine are reciprocally related cyclically influencing each other across time. The individual and global burden of migraine is of such significance that there are accelerated efforts to develop new therapies. New migraine therapeutics are needed to address the current deficiencies that exist in the efficacy and adherence rate of approved anti migraine medications. Talari Preethi | Narender Boggula | Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini "A Comprehensive Overview of Migraine: Etiology, Epidemiology and Treatment Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97138.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97138/a-comprehensive-overview-of-migraine-etiology-epidemiology-and-treatment-strategies/talari-preethi

Increasingly, the proliferation of autonomous vehicles AVs presents significant demand for driving data security in transportation systems. The proposed paper aims to address current trends in AV data security, investigating data protection approaches adopted by manufacturers, including cybersecurity and threats mitigating strategies. The comparative analysis will be conducted based on industry leaders, including Tesla and Waymo. Three aspects will be central within the research framework the comparison of threat architectures for each manufacturer, similarities and differences between data security approaches, and exploration of the legal provisions and regulatory aspects governing AV data protection in current condition. The critical analysis of the existing data protection differences and related evidence will enable to reveal the interdependencies between the driving data mechanisms of current manufacturers, vulnerabilities, and the prospects of the existing data protection legal provisions. It is expected that significant trafficking data will reveal core differences between manufacturers as well as gaps in data protection measures and related standards. Data analysis can support global approaches to AV driving data security and protection measures. Dilip Kumar | Yashwant Kumar "Evolving Data Security in Autonomous Vehicles: A Comparative Analysis of Major Manufacturers and Legal Considerations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81164.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81164/evolving-data-security-in-autonomous-vehicles-a-comparative-analysis-of-major-manufacturers-and-legal-considerations/dilip-kumar

the integration of low cost computing platforms in educational environments has become a pivotal strategy for enhancing STEM education and promoting digital literacy. This paper investigates the role of the Raspberry Pi, a compact and affordable single board computer, as a transformative tool for hands on learning in both formal and informal educational settings. By leveraging its versatility, open source ecosystem, and support for various programming languages and hardware interfaces, the Raspberry Pi enables students to engage in practical, project based learning that bridges theoretical knowledge with real world application. The study explores the deployment of Raspberry Pi based modules in classrooms and laboratories, highlighting its effectiveness in teaching programming, electronics, and system design. Quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate improved student engagement, increased conceptual understanding, and significant cost savings compared to traditional computing solutions. The results suggest that the Raspberry Pi is not only a viable educational tool but also a catalyst for innovation and inclusivity in technology driven education. The paper concludes with recommendations for curriculum integration, scalability, and future developments in educational technology using Raspberry Pi. Lohote Sumit S. | Hodgar Narayan S. "Raspberry Pi in Education: Empowering Hands- On Learning through Affordable Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/97116/raspberry-pi-in-education-empowering-hands-on-learning-through-affordable-computing/lohote-sumit-s

The integration of Artificial Intelligence AI in architecture is reshaping the design landscape, offering architects powerful tools to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and creative exploration. This paper explores how AI technologies such as machine learning, generative design, and simulation tools are transforming architectural workflows, from automated drafting to data driven environmental analysis and immersive visualization. While AI expands design possibilities and streamlines complex processes, it also raises critical concerns regarding creative autonomy, ethical bias, skill degradation, and cultural sensitivity. Through a series of global case studies including The Edge in Amsterdam, Foster Partners’ NAICM, and Zaha Hadid Architects’ parametric projects, the paper demonstrates how AI can act as a collaborative partner rather than a creative replacement. The study highlights the importance of human oversight, interdisciplinary collaboration, and critical engagement with AI tools to ensure that technological advancement supports human centered and culturally meaningful design. For architecture students and practitioners alike, the paper provides both a cautionary perspective and a roadmap for integrating AI responsibly into the future of the profession. Dileep Geddam | M Vijaya Ratna | G Viswanadha Kumar "Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: Opportunity, Challenge, and Responsibility" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81143.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/81143/artificial-intelligence-in-architecture-opportunity-challenge-and-responsibility/dileep-geddam

The medium sized deciduous tree Butea monosperma Lam. kuntze Family leguminosae is extensively found throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon and is also known as Flame of Forest, Dhak or palas in Hindi, Bastard Teak in English, and Parasa in Tamil. The Fabaceae family comprises 18,000 species and 630 genera. It grows from seed with ease. With each portion of the plant having a purpose, it is used both commercially and medicinally. In present context, in spite of various existing anti inflammatory and antioxidant both in modern and ayurvedic field there is necessity of still better and cost effective which will reduce the dose and improve the efficacy, when it is combine administered without any adverse effects. The over usage of synthetic drug result in higher incidence of adverse reaction has motivated mankind to go back to nature for safe remedies. Thus, considering the above factors in present day, study has been taken to evaluate the Physico chemical analysis and anti inflammatory effect of Butea monosperma An Experimental study. Mr. Deepesh Sharma | Dr. B. K. Kumawat "Formulation and Evaluation of Different Parts of Butea Monosperma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97135/formulation-and-evaluation-of-different-parts-of-butea-monosperma/mr-deepesh-sharma

With the rapid expansion of online financial transactions, detecting fraudulent activity has become a significant concern. This study investigates the integration of scalable artificial intelligence AI technologies into fraud detection systems with a focus on maintaining a seamless and user friendly experience. By employing real time monitoring, intuitive alert systems, and machine learning algorithms, platforms can identify anomalous behaviors while minimizing disruption to users. The research emphasizes the need to balance robust security with usability, ensuring that fraud detection measures do not compromise transaction speed or user satisfaction. Additionally, the paper explores challenges such as alert fatigue, integration complexity, and privacy concerns, proposing solutions including adaptive learning models, blockchain integration, and collaborative frameworks with cybersecurity experts. The findings underscore the importance of designing fraud detection frameworks that are both scalable and responsive to evolving threats, without sacrificing the user experience. Dilip Kumar | Yashwant Kumar "Fraud Detection in Online Transactions: Enhancing User Experience with Scalable AI Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81165.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81165/fraud-detection-in-online-transactions-enhancing-user-experience-with-scalable-ai-solutions/dilip-kumar

Purpose To elaborate a contextualized comprehensive model for the assessment of diabetic patients. Data sources Electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, CAS Google Scholar, Yahoo, Cochrane, ResearchGate of diabetic assessment websites and bibliographies of included articles and key journals. Study selection English and French language studies published between January 1996 and April 2024 that appraised approaches of assessing diabetic patients using quantitative or qualitative measures of good practices for patient safety. Data extraction Data extraction and critical appraisal were conducted by three system internals and one independent reviewer, the statistician, for ethical consideration. Study design, intervention, level of application, setting, study participants, assessment of diabetic patients, measures, standards, guidelines, implementation and impact lessons were extracted from the included articles. Results of data synthesis Over 580 articles were screened for inclusion, of which 27 full text articles were included in data synthesis comprising descriptive survey, survey, quasi experimental, qualitative, randomised trial, systematic review and longitudinal study. Conclusions Assessment is a core component of nursing practice, especially as it is intended to guide clinical decisions in the delivery of safe patient care. The nursing assessment process offers a perfect chance to assess and record patient needs, problems, and risks. At admission to an acute care hospital, patients undergo routine nursing assessment which includes the collection of important data, physiological measures, and functional and psychological evaluation and risk appraisal to enable the nurse plan care. Standards, guidelines and models included P Q R S T Tool, S A M P L E tool, SBAR model, ABCDE model, Health Assessment Form IHA and The A1C test. These guides have been standardized to meet the requirements of diversified settings. Governments and organisations are advised to consider and take advantage of the comprehensiveness of these guidelines and standards while enhancing research for improvement. Rufina Nsohle Njume | Mary Bi Suh Atanga | Kenneth Navti | Nana Celestin "Assessment Approach for Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88498.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/88498/assessment-approach-for-diabetic-patients-a-systematic-review/rufina-nsohle-njume

Statement of problems “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme STP on knowledge regarding cervical cancer and pap smear test among women who are attending gynaecology opd’s at selected hospitals of Bangalore. Objectives of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer and pap smear test before and after the administration of Structured Teaching Programme, to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme by comparing the pretest and post test knowledge scores, to find out the association between women’s pre test knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap smear test with their selected demographic variables. Methodology One group pre test and post test design with quasi experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Cervical cancer and pap smear among women who are attending OBG OPD’s at RMV Hospital, Bangalore and Prakriya Hospital, Bangalore. In view of the nature of the problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, a Structured Teaching Programme was prepared focusing on Cervical cancer and pap smear test a structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme . Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of nursing and medicine. The study was carried out in RMV Hospital, Bangalore. 80 women were selected by convenient sampling. Structured Knowledge questionnaire was given on the participants to collect the needed data. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that With regard to the pre test knowledge assessment, the mean was 11.03 and mean percentage was 42.4 percent and SD was 10.4. In Post test significant increase in knowledge was found. However, the mean percentage of knowledge score had improved from 42.4 percent in pre test to 79.0 percent in the post test. The dispersion of pre test scores 11.03 was found to be more than that of their post test 20.54 score. That shows the teaching was effective. The overall ‘t’ value 28.72 P 0.05 shows significance which indicates that the STP was effective in increasing the knowledge score. This study proved that there was significant association between the pre test knowledge scores and selected demographic variable like education. Sonali Dixit | Vinutha M. T. "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test among Women Who are Attending Gynaecology Opd’S at Selected Hospitals of Bangalore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79862.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/79862/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-stp-on-knowledge-regarding-cervical-cancer-and-pap-smear-test-among-women-who-are-attending-gynaecology-opd’s-at-selected-hospitals-of-bangalore/sonali-dixit

Accurate pathloss modeling is vital for efficient 5G network planning, especially in urban environments. This study presents the propagation characteristics of fifth generation 5G signals and compares three candidate propagation pathloss models—Free Space FS , Close In CI , and Alpha Beta Gamma ABG —in urban macro cellular scenarios at 3.5 GHz. Data acquisition was carried out through a drive test approach and the signal strength data was collected using TEMS Investigation software, a spectrum analyzer, a GPS device, and a laptop, all installed in a vehicle moving at 30 km h. Measurements were taken from 10 m up to 1.5 km and the average reference signal strength values obtained were converted into pathloss values for further analysis. Data from ten measurement routes were used for model evaluation. The results revealed that, the pathloss exponent n for the line of sight LOS scenario was 2.29, which falls within the expected range for urban environments. Among the models evaluated, the CI model demonstrated a reasonably good fit with a root mean square error RMSE of 7.37 dBm. In contrast, both the FS and ABG models overestimated the pathloss in the measured environment. A linear iterative tuning technique was applied to optimize the CI model parameters, resulting in a refined model with a reduced RMSE of 5.85 dBm which is within the acceptable ITU R range =6 dB.The refined CI model offers better accuracy in predicting pathloss in urban areas and can help network providers enhance 5G service quality and user experience. Aremu O. A. | Mufutau, J. A. | Azeez, A. O. | Liadi, A. O. "Optimization of the CI Model for Wireless Channel Characterization of 5G Cellular Networks at 3.5 GHz in an Urban Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81141.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/81141/optimization-of-the-ci-model-for-wireless-channel-characterization-of-5g-cellular-networks-at-35-ghz-in-an-urban-environment/aremu-o-a

We are living in the era of big data, which is huge amounts of data in digital form. From healthcare to finance, big data is being used to transform how industries function, enabling business enterprises to create new revenue streams, enhance customer experiences, and increase operational efficiency. Big data plays a crucial role in the media and entertainment industry by enabling companies to understand audience behavior, personalize content, and optimize marketing efforts. It significantly impacts the media and entertainment industry by enabling data driven decision making, improving user experiences, and streamlining operations. It is now the real hero for the media and entertainment industry. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art of big data in the media and entertainment industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81166.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81166/big-data-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In an era dominated by digital connectivity and social media, influencer marketing has become a transformative force in publicity strategies. This paper explores the use of influencer marketing as a strategic tool for publicity, examining its evolution, effectiveness, and role in the digital marketing ecosystem. Using secondary data and existing literature, the research identifies key components, benefits, and challenges of influencer marketing in enhancing brand visibility and consumer engagement. Prof. (Dr.) B. D. Mishra | Rohit Jaiswal "Exploring the Role of Influencer Marketing as a Strategic Tool for Publicity in the Digital Age" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88504.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/88504/exploring-the-role-of-influencer-marketing-as-a-strategic-tool-for-publicity-in-the-digital-age/prof-dr-b-d-mishra

Cameroons war torn North West region faces a serious mental health crisis among adolescents that hasnt received enough research attention. Our work looks at how the ongoing Anglophone crisis affects displaced teens psychological wellbeing, studying both what puts them at risk and how they cope. The study used two key theories Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory and Lazarus and Folkmans stress coping model to understand how the conflict disrupts teens lives and what helps them adapt. For this study, the study combined survey data from 366 displaced adolescents getting responses from nearly 92 of those asked with in depth focus group discussions. The study carefully selected participants from displaced communities and analyzed the information using both statistics and thematic methods. The results paint a troubling picture about two thirds of teens showed signs of mental health disorders. School disruptions average score 4.21 5 , family separation 4.15 , and constant fear of violence 4.18 emerged as major stressors. Negative attitudes about mental health 3.72 made things even harder. But theres hope teens relied on their faith 4.12 , family support 3.98 , and community ties 3.75 to get through tough times. These findings show the study urgently need trauma sensitive support in conflict areas. The study suggests building mental health services into schools and camps, training local health workers, and working with religious leaders to reduce stigma. This research offers practical ways to help teens in Cameroon and other crisis zones, showing that while war takes a heavy psychological toll, culturally appropriate coping methods combined with systemic support can foster recovery. Siver Kibuh | Sarah Malaki "The Unspoken Mental Health Crisis among Adolescents in Cameroon’s War-Torn North West Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97120.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97120/the-unspoken-mental-health-crisis-among-adolescents-in-cameroon’s-wartorn-north-west-region/siver-kibuh

Biometrics, like fingerprints, facial recognition, and retinal scans, are increasingly used in the media and entertainment industry for a variety of purposes, including enhancing security, streamlining user experiences, and personalizing content. With biometric technologies, media organizations can enhance authentication, verification, and identification processes, thereby ensuring the integrity and reliability of information disseminated through digital platforms. This paper examines various uses of biometrics in media and entertainment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Biometrics in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81167.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81167/biometrics-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Environmental racism is the disproportionate impact of environmental policies, laws, and practices on certain racial or ethnic groups people of color and marginalized communities , often resulting in unequal access to natural resources, exposure to pollution, and denial of environmental justice. This encompasses policies, practices, or directives that result in the placement of toxic waste sites, polluting industries, and other environmentally hazardous activities in areas predominantly inhabited by racial or ethnic minorities. This issue is evident worldwide, affecting various communities in different ways. This paper examines the various issues surrounding environmental racism, the causes, effects and the possible solutions to enhance healthy environment to man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Environmental Racism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97091/environmental-racism/paul-a-adekunte

India and Pakistan maintain an intensely complex unstable relationship which continues to persist as one of the longest running regional antagonisms in current international politics. The prolonged territorial dispute about Kashmir along with partition legacies and strong political and religious beliefs has resulted in waves of diplomatic tension and short lived collaborative efforts between India and Pakistan. This paper provides an assessment of the current Indian Pakistani relationship together with its extensive local and worldwide implications during the span of 2023 through 2024 which has witnessed military confrontations and diplomatic breakdowns and halted peace negotiations. The research combines qualitative political methods with empirical data and geopolitical criteria to analyze the present military, economic and diplomatic elements affecting their bilateral connections. The research examines new elements emerging in the conflict such as cyber warfare together with international attempts at mediation and growing Chinese strategic influence as well as American influence while also analyzing SAARC organizations influence. The analysis focuses specifically on the adverse humanitarian aspects in Kashmir as well as Kashmir and economic damage from trade impediments and the enduring nuclear risk. Reporting reveals the ongoing distrust pattern between India and Pakistan that nationalists deepen through security matters yet establishes space for trust building approaches and diplomatic collaboration. The author ends his article with strategic suggestions to advance sustainable communication while reducing the odds of warfare and building long term regional peace throughout South Asia. Samreen Asghar "An Analysis of Present Situation Between India and Pakistan and it’s Consequences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79849.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79849/an-analysis-of-present-situation-between-india-and-pakistan-and-it’s-consequences/samreen-asghar

The Internet of things IoT refers to devices, both everyday devices and commercial technology, that communicate with each other over the Internet. It is transforming various aspects of maritime operations by providing real time data that can be used to improve ship management, increase engine efficiency, decrease maintenance costs, and reduce the frequency and severity of breakdowns. The maritime industry is increasingly integrating the IoT to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and sustainability. IoT brings several benefits to maritime operations, from optimizing vessel performance to ensuring the safety of seafarers and the environment. This paper explores the world of IoT in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97119.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97119/internet-of-things-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Immersive technology refers to any technology that blurs the line between the physical and digital worlds, creating a sense of presence and engagement for the user. It can be broadly categorized into three main types virtual reality VR , augmented reality AR , and mixed reality MR . Each type of immersive technology offers a unique and captivating experience, opening up endless possibilities for media and entertainment. At the core of these immersive technologies lies a seamless integration of advanced sensors, cameras, spatial computing, and display devices. Immersive technologies are revolutionizing the media and entertainment industry by creating highly engaging and interactive experiences. This paper examines the integration of immersive technology in the media and entertainment industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81168.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81168/immersive-technologies-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This research article explores the complex and often controversial portrayal of women in Indian advertisements. Traditionally, advertisements have commodified the female body, using it as a marketing tool to appeal to the subconscious desires of consumers—especially in a society with deeply rooted cultural values and gender norms. From kitchen appliances to cosmetics, womens bodies have frequently been objectified, reinforcing stereotypical roles and beauty standards. This objectification not only undermines the identity and dignity of women but also contributes to broader societal issues such as gender inequality and the normalization of harmful attitudes. However, recent trends suggest a shift in the representation of women in advertising, where evolving depictions are beginning to reflect more equitable cultural values and a broader understanding of women’s roles in society. The article critically examines whether advertisements are shaping culture or merely reflecting it, while also highlighting the responsibility of media creators in influencing public perception and social norms. Dr. Dharitri R Gohel "Representation of Woman in Indian Advertisements: A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88506.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/88506/representation-of-woman-in-indian-advertisements-a-study/dr-dharitri-r-gohel

The Internet of Energy IoE or Energy Internet is a futuristic evolution of the electricity system, conceptualized as an energy sharing network. IoE integrates small scale renewable energy systems, electric loads, storage devices, and electric vehicles for effective transaction of power backed by emerging technologies like Internet of Things IoT , vehicle to grid, and blockchain. It leverages on technologies like smart grids, big data analytics, and AI to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and facilitate renewable energy integration. IoE transforms the energy sector into a network where various components communicate and cooperate to improve performance and reliability. The paper looks into the challenges, benefits, and future of Internet of Energy. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79975.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79975/internet-of-energy/paul-a-adekunte

This study explores the current state of moderation of principal’s performance in educational leadership in Cameroon. It examines the challenges facing moderators in evaluating and validating the performance of principals in Cameroon and the moderation process on principal performance in Cameroon. The study is qualitative in nature where the researchers collected data through literature review and observation of principals in twenty secondary schools in Southwest Region of Cameroon. The finding suggested that moderation of principals performance is a complex and multifaceted concept, influenced by various factors, including policy, culture, and leadership. The study identified several challenges facing the moderation of principals, including lack of clear policies and guidelines, inadequate training and support for moderators, and limited resources. The findings equally suggested that effective moderation can improve principal performance, but that the quality of moderation is critical. The study contributes to the existing literature on the current state of moderation of principal’s performance in educational leadership in Cameroon and how principals in Cameroon perceive the moderation of their performance, and what are their suggestions for improving the process. Despite the limitations of the study, the findings recommends that educational authorities should develop clear policies and guidelines for the moderation of principals, provide training and support for moderators, and allocate sufficient resources to support the moderation process. Frederick Ebot Ashu | Muah Hoges Samje | Ojong Bright Otokwa "Moderation of Principals Performance in Educational Leadership in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81142.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/81142/moderation-of-principals-performance-in-educational-leadership-in-cameroon/frederick-ebot-ashu

The growing challenge of solid waste management in the Philippines, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, highlights the crucial role of material recovery facilities MRFs as mandated by Republic Act 9003. This study utilized qualitative document analysis to examine the regulatory frameworks and practical contexts surrounding MRF policies at both the national and local levels. The findings revealed that, although a comprehensive legislative framework exists, its implementation is significantly hindered by a notable gap between policy and practice. Key challenges include insufficient funding, a lack of suitable land for MRFs, limited national coverage, and inadequate maintenance. Furthermore, there is a substantial cooperation deficit among stakeholders, along with a lack of public awareness and inconsistent functionality of the facilities, which obstructs adequate waste segregation and MRF utilization. Additionally, data deficiencies and emerging issues regarding gender imbalance within the MRF workforce highlight further areas of concern. Despite these obstacles, the study identifies best practices, such as the centralization and mechanization of MRFs, partnerships with private entities, and innovative uses of these facilities. The recommendations focus on allocating sufficient resources, enhancing public awareness and community engagement, improving operational consistency and data collection, and creating more inclusive policies. Ultimately, bridging the gap between policy intentions and practical outcomes is essential for achieving sustainable waste management in the Philippines. Eduardo Junio Andaya | Raymond L. Cruz "Philippine Material Recovery Facility Policies: Examining Regulatory Landscapes and Practical Realities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/97089/philippine-material-recovery-facility-policies-examining-regulatory-landscapes-and-practical-realities/eduardo-junio-andaya

Corruption is a complex and multifaceted concept which is defined in various ways depending on the context. The various types of corruption are bribery, embezzlement, extortion, abuse of discretion, favoritism, nepotism, and clientelism. Security is the protection of life or individuals, organizations, and assets from various threats, risks, and vulnerabilities. It also has to do with the measures to prevent, detect, and respond to potential harm, ensuring safety, stability, and continuity. The paper considers these two concepts of corruption and security, and how corruption impacts security in Nigeria, with the plans to mitigate it. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Impact of Corruption on Security in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88490.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/88490/impact-of-corruption-on-security-in-nigeria/paul-a-adekunte

Blockchain is a digital ledger for recording transactions. It is a decentralized, distributed, and secure database that allows blocks of information to be stored in a chain. This makes it ideal for use in the financial sector, where trust and security are of paramount importance. Blockchain in banking and finance is the solution for institutions that want to truly digitize and automate their processes. Blockchain offers the promise of addressing some of the key challenges and pain points experienced over many years by the financial sector. In this paper, we explore the transformative impact of blockchain technology in various facets of the financial services industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Benedict Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Finance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79976.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79976/blockchain-in-finance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The reason for this study stems from the fact that debt management plays an important part in the decision making process of investors. The population comprised all deposit money banks with both international and national authorization which are listed under the financial sector of the main investment market segment at the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE . Using ex post facto research design and regression design to investigate the effect of debt management on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The main tool is the panel least square using the multiple regression model, Statistical evaluation of the global utility of the analytic model so as to determine the reliability of the result obtained were carried out using coefficient of determination r2 , T test and F test. Coefficient of Determination r2 Test. Based on the findings obtained from the results, the study suggests that, Management of Nigerian banks should consider the use of more debt that is, should have an optimal perspective for short term debt usage in their capital structure as this will have an automatic effect of reducing the overall cost of capital. Potential of deposit money banks in Nigeria should pay more attention to the trend in the capital structure of deposit money before investing in them because this often determines amount of return that is expected from such banks. Dr. Odogu Laime I. | Obalakumo Anderson P "The Effect of Total Debt Management on Financial Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88491.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/88491/the-effect-of-total-debt-management-on-financial-performance-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-i

Rapid urbanization compounded by urban poverty was one of the main challenges facing many Sub Saharan African countries. The city of Buea, which is the 10th largest city in Cameroon, faced such problems due to unplanned development over the past four decades. In 2020, the population growth rate in Buea reached 42 , compared to 5.6 in 2005, especially in the peri urban areas. This resulted in both direct and indirect pressures on available resources. Since 2019, Buea had hosted approximately 100,000 Internally Displaced Persons IDPs fleeing from the conflict between the Defense and Security Forces and the Separatist Groups operating in the South West and North West Regions. Consequently, the expansion of urban agglomerations in Buea brought about significant challenges for urbanites, whose quality of life was negatively impacted. This article examined the difficulties faced by urban dwellers in the growing city of Buea as they coped with the challenges of urban regeneration. The study aimed to identify the various challenges generally encountered by local inhabitants and the effects of unplanned population growth on the population within the urban space. To address these issues, the study made use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods, consisting of in depth case studies and a standardized survey questionnaire. The article identified ecological problems such as waste management and societal issues like access to potable water, which were created by the surge of unplanned urbanization in Buea. It also connected these problems with the general breakdown of city dwellers’ trust in the municipality, stemming from allegations related to bribery, corruption, and poor governance. Bruno Njombe Monoke | Eyole Nganje Monono | Darren Ewumbue-Monono | Aline Mireille Zoa Mveng "Conflict-Induced Displacement Challenges in Buea Municipality: The Problems of Waste Management and Access to Potable Water" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/97118/conflictinduced-displacement-challenges-in-buea-municipality-the-problems-of-waste-management-and-access-to-potable-water/bruno-njombe-monoke

Background Old age is often viewed as a challenging and undesirable phase of life, where mental health issues like depression are common. Reminiscence therapy, involving the structured recall of past memories using artifacts such as photos and music, has been applied to improve mental health in the elderly.Aim To assess the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on depression among elderly in selected old age homes, Punjab.Material and Methods A quantitative quasi experimental approach with a non randomized control group design was used. A total of 60 subjects were selected through purposive sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. Depression levels were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale Long Form before and after intervention.Findings In the experimental group, mild depression was observed in 56.7 and severe in the rest during the pre test. Post test results showed 40 with mild depression, 33.3 with severe depression, and 26.6 with no depression. In the control group, mild depression increased from 60 to 63.3 , and severe depression decreased slightly. A significant improvement was observed in the experimental group mean difference = 2.871, p 0.05 compared to the control group mean difference = 0.283 .Conclusion The findings suggest that reminiscence therapy is effective in reducing depression among the elderly. Ms. Poornima Chopra | Mrs. Ramanpreet Kaur | Mrs. Varinder Kaur "A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy on Level of Depression among Elderly in Selected Old Age Homes, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88492.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/88492/a-quasiexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-reminiscence-therapy-on-level-of-depression-among-elderly-in-selected-old-age-homes-punjab/ms-poornima-chopra

Pesticide contamination in aquatic ecosystems has raised considerable concern due to its potential toxic effects on non target species. This study evaluates the impact of sub lethal concentrations of Chlorpyrifos ethyl—a commonly used organophosphate pesticide—on liver cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase ALP activity in Anabas testudineus climbing perch . Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations 0.2 mg L and 0.4 mg L of Chlorpyrifos for 21 days. Results revealed significant alterations in cholesterol levels and enzyme activity, indicating hepatic dysfunction and physiological stress. The findings emphasize the ecotoxicological threat Chlorpyrifos poses to aquatic organisms. Sweety | Kamlesh Kumar | Arun Kumar "Toxic Effect of Chlorpyrifos Ethyl on Liver Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Climbing Perch (Anabas Testudineus)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97117/toxic-effect-of-chlorpyrifos-ethyl-on-liver-cholesterol-serum-cholesterol-and-alkaline-phosphatase-activity-in-climbing-perch-anabas-testudineus/sweety

Cyber wellness CW refers to the positive well being of Internet users. This has to do with the understanding of online behavior and awareness of how to protect oneself in cyberspace, i.e. to become a responsible digital learner and or user. Cyber wellness is the overall well being of Internet users in the digital space, emphasizing responsible online behavior, digital literacy, and awareness of potential online threats. It has to do about fostering a healthy and balanced relationship with technology to enhance our lives while mitigating risks. The paper looks into the pros and cons of CW, its challenges and solutions to them in ensuring its overall benefit to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Cyber Wellness" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81099.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81099/cyber-wellness/paul-a-adekunte

Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with various pharmaceutical prepara tions. Avartana is one such Kalpana which is mentioned in accordance to sneha Kalpana. Avar tana involves repeated extraction and taila paka to enhance the sneha’s therapeutic properties and reduce the dose. This review article is based on the efficient method among the different methods of avartana which are mentioned in ayurveda classics. It explores the classical and modern applications, highlighting the challenges faced during preparation of avartana sneha. Dr. Ratnamala "A Comprehensive Review on Different Methods of Avartana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79980.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79980/a-comprehensive-review-on-different-methods-of-avartana/dr-ratnamala

Modern robotics is spreading across almost all sectors, including the maritime industry. Robotics is rapidly transforming the maritime industry, offering solutions for a wide range of applications from maintenance and repair to exploration and environmental monitoring. Robotization in the maritime industry can help accomplish a number of important tasks with greater efficiency and safety. The key direction of using robots is the execution of situations that are dangerous or potentially hazardous to human health. Robots are used for many purposes in the maritime industry, from cleaning and maintenance to fully autonomous vessels with no pilot, no captain, and no crew on board. For example, a robot can be used to carry out preventive cleaning to maintain the working capacity of ships without long term work hazardous to humans. In this paper, we highlight the main use cases and trends of robotics in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotics in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97090.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97090/robotics-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Technology is in almost every sphere of human life it is present also in the maritime industry. Emerging technologies are revolutionizing the maritime industry, focusing on automation, data analytics, and sustainable practices. The rapid growth of emerging technological innovations is shaping the future of the global maritime industry to its next stage of challenges. We are looking at the integration of existing IT assets such as cloud, mobility, Internet of things, data analytics, and automation with systems on board vessels and ashore that drive efficiencies, improve operations, and create savings across all organizations and business in the maritime sector. This paper provides insight into potential future developments for several emerging technologies set to revolutionize the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88493.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/88493/emerging-technologies-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study explores the adoption of telemedicine enabled health insurance plans among urban working professionals. It highlights how convenience, cost effectiveness, and digital literacy significantly influence user engagement with such services. Using secondary data and a descriptive approach, the research emphasizes the growing relevance of digital healthcare in urban environments. The findings support the view that digitally literate, time constrained professionals prefer flexible and affordable healthcare solutions, urging insurers to integrate robust telemedicine features into their offerings. Prof. (Dr.) B. D. Mishra | Virendra Vikram "Adoption of Telemedicine-Enabled Health Insurance Plans among Urban Working Professionals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88505.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/88505/adoption-of-telemedicineenabled-health-insurance-plans-among-urban-working-professionals/prof-dr-b-d-mishra

This research explores the sociological implications of fast food consumption on health, culture, and consumption patterns in Tumkur District. With the rapid growth of fast food outlets fueled by globalization, urbanization, and aggressive advertising, the study examines how fast food has evolved from a convenience into a cultural norm, particularly among urban youth. Using a mixed methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from secondary sources WHO, NFHS 5, ICMR on dietary patterns and health outcomes, alongside qualitative data from focus group discussions and interviews with 50 participants. The findings reveal a strong correlation between frequent fast food consumption and increased risks of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Social media and advertisements play a significant role in shaping consumption habits, especially among the youth. Moreover, traditional food systems are being undermined, leading to a loss of cultural food identity. The study concludes with recommendations for health education campaigns, policy interventions, the promotion of regional cuisines, and stricter regulations on fast food marketing to mitigate the adverse health effects and promote healthier eating habits. This research contributes to understanding the broader sociocultural dynamics of fast food consumption and its long term implications on public health in Karnataka. Dr. Veeresha M "Fast Food Nation: A Sociological Inquiry into Health, Culture, and Consumption Patterns" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97111.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/97111/fast-food-nation-a-sociological-inquiry-into-health-culture-and-consumption-patterns/dr-veeresha-m

Background Breast milk serves as the natural and optimal source of nutrition and immunity for infants, playing a critical role in reducing the incidence of childhood infections. Exclusive breastfeeding EBF for the first six months of life, as recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , is associated with significant health benefits, while bottle feeding may expose infants to increased infection risks due to contamination and lack of protective antibodies.Objective The present study aimed to compare the occurrence of infectious diseases among toddlers who were exclusively breastfed and those who were bottle fed in selected areas of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab.Methodology A descriptive comparative research design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 100 mother’s of toddlers, with 50 in the exclusive breastfeeding group and 50 in the bottle feeding group, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self structured observational tool and demographic profile, and were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square tests were used to determine statistical significance at p 0.05.Results The findings indicated a significantly lower occurrence of several infectious diseases among exclusively breastfed toddlers compared to bottle fed ones. EBF was found to be protective against diarrhea p = 0.001 , typhoid p = 0.014 , respiratory infections p = 0.001 , pneumonia p = 0.029 , skin disorders p = 0.001 , ear infections p = 0.003 , dental infections p = 0.012 , and protein energy malnutrition p = 0.001 . No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of worm infestation, meningitis, conjunctivitis, tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, or mumps.Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of various infectious diseases and malnutrition in toddlers. The study emphasizes the need to promote exclusive breastfeeding practices through healthcare education, policy advocacy, and community support to improve child health outcomes and reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Kirandeep Kaur Saini | Mrs. Poonam Toor | Mrs. Ramanjot Kaur "A Comparative Study on the Occurrence of Infectious Diseases among Toddlers Fed by Exclusive Breastfeeding and Bottle Feeding in Selected Areas of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88494.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/88494/a-comparative-study-on-the-occurrence-of-infectious-diseases-among-toddlers-fed-by-exclusive-breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding-in-selected-areas-of-district-hoshiarpur-punjab/kirandeep-kaur-saini

This study investigated structural change on financial leverage and shareholder risks of returns in oil and gas companies in Nigeria. In conducting this research, samples were used for the first and second analysis, the first analysis was tested using multiple regression while the second analysis was done using a non probability method. The same set of dependent variables were used as measure of leverage, multiple regression analysis, and non parametric techniques were employed for analysis 1 and 2 respectively, while the test statistic was used to test the significance of each regression model, the chi square was utilized in testing the significance of the effect of leverage on shareholders risk of returns. Whereas the f test statistic was used in determining the overall significance of each regression, findings were presented, It was concluded that financial leverage has significant effect on shareholders risk of returns, it is further discovered that, the need to maximize profit and increase ownership control of the firm led to an increase in the use of leverage as a means of investing finances by firms. It was therefore recommended that leverage be employed by business organizations. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac "Structural Change on Financial Leverage and Shareholders Risk of Returns in Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88495.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/88495/structural-change-on-financial-leverage-and-shareholders-risk-of-returns-in-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac

The cloud is a global network of interconnected servers we can access via the Internet. It has transformed the way we work, study, play, and relax. Cloud computing has revolutionized maritime communications by providing enhanced connectivity, cost efficiency, data storage capabilities, collaboration tools, flexibility, scalability, and improved cybersecurity. Cloud computing enables optimized utilization of information resources, ultimately reducing the costs for shipping companies and giving operators the possibility to render services at lower prices and an ensured level of quality. Maritime companies are now opening up to the countless benefits cloud computing offers. This paper explores the critical role of cloud computing technology in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97104.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97104/cloud-computing-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This research investigated the relationship between stewardship and the performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria, in this study we adopt correlational survey research design. The study uses secondary data collected from documentary review in which financial statements and reports were examined. The data needed for this study was sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange, financial publications of the selected quoted companies. From the findings of the study, in order to improve the operations of organizations, and by extension facilitate economic growth and development, the following recommendations are made There is need to ensure that the board size of the firms is adequate and managed by well competent personnel with high level of firms and ethical standard. All meetings of the executives should be directed towards achieving corporate goals such as increasing performance of the companies. Periodic and impromptu checks can be made by the stakeholder on companies in order to ascertain their level of compliance to standards. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac | Odoko Dan "Stewardship and the Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97103.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97103/stewardship-and-the-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, commonly associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. This study investigates the protective effect of Triticum aestivum Wheatgrass juice on blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels in PCOS induced mice. Female Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups control, PCOS induced, PCOS Wheatgrass Juice WGJ , and WGJ only. PCOS was induced using Letrozole. After treatment with wheatgrass juice for 21 days, significant improvements in blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels were observed. The results suggest the potential therapeutic role of WGJ in managing PCOS related metabolic disturbances. Shivani Kumari | Dr. Bhupendra Prasad Singh "Protective Effect of Wheatgrass Juice on Biochemical Parameters (Blood Glucose and Serum Cholesterol) in PCOS Mice" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97102.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97102/protective-effect-of-wheatgrass-juice-on-biochemical-parameters-blood-glucose-and-serum-cholesterol-in-pcos-mice/shivani-kumari

Central bank digital currencies CBDCs are digital forms of national currency, issued and controlled by a central bank. CBDC is a new form of money that exists only in digital form and is widely available to the general public. It is digital or electronic money a country’s central bank can issue alongside cash like notes and coins. It is designed to provide a secure and convenient alternative to physical cash and to make digital payments easier for individuals and businesses. It is a liability of the central bank. CBDCs are backed by the central bank, which means they hold the same value as traditional fiat currencies and can be used for a wide range of transactions, such as online and in person purchases, bill payments, peer to peer transfers, paying employees or purchasing goods and services. They are unlike cryptocurrencies, which are not regulated by a central authority. This paper aims at explaining central bank digital currency CBDC in detail. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Primer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79981.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/79981/central-bank-digital-currencies-a-primer/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study investigates the current voltage I V characteristics of 532 nm and 650 nm semiconductor laser diodes at multiple optical power levels 5–200 mW . A systematic experimental approach revealed distinct electrical behaviors, with threshold voltages ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 V. Lower power lasers 50 mW for 532 nm and 100 mW for 650 nm exhibited current saturation, reaching maxima of 225 mA and 183 mA, respectively. Higher power lasers 200 mW showed near linear I V characteristics, with 532 nm lasers achieving up to 829 mA at 4V, while 650 nm reached 384 mA. The 650 nm lasers generally displayed lower threshold voltages, while the 532 nm lasers showed more pronounced saturation. These insights are vital for designing efficient driver circuits and optimizing the performance of semiconductor lasers in optical communication and photonic systems. These findings support the design of efficient driver circuits and contribute to improved performance of semiconductor lasers in photonic and optoelectronic systems. Mohammed Uthman Orsod | Albashir Zomrawi Mohamed Yousif | Ali A. S. Marouf "Voltage - Current (I–V) Characteristics of 532 nm and 650 nm Semiconductor Lasers at Varying Optical Output Powers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79967.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/79967/voltage--current-i–v-characteristics-of-532-nm-and-650-nm-semiconductor-lasers-at-varying-optical-output-powers/mohammed-uthman-orsod

Business analytics BA is a broad field that focuses on the use of data to understand past performances, predict future outcomes, and ultimately make better business decisions. It has to do with analyzing data to identify trends, patterns, and root causes, and then leveraging those insights to inform strategic planning and decision making. The paper dives into the pros and cons of business analytics and its future impacts on man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Business Analytics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97101.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97101/business-analytics/paul-a-adekunte

INTRODUCTION Sleep is so much part of the normal rhythm of our lives that tends to be taken for granted until it is disrupted. Sleep disorder has become a common health problem among adolescents and young adults. Most school students are unaware of how important quality sleep is for optimum health. Sleep hygiene practices and quality can directly impact mental, emotional, and physical health. The Centers for disease control CDC reports that about 35 of adults are not getting enough sleep, which account for 84 million people. METHODOLOGY The present study adopted quantitative research approach with non randomized control group research design. Sample of the study comprised of 80 students selected by using non probability convenient sampling who were further equally divided under experimental and control group. The study was carried out at selected government intercollege of Dehradun. Tools used for data collection consisted of two instruments, Tool I included demographic Performa and Tool II included sleep quality scale. The experimental group underwent a self –instructional module as an intervention which was followed by post test. RESULTS In regards to the present study 87.5 in moderate and 7.5 in severe disturbance in quality of sleep had experimental group and 90 in moderate and 5 in severe disturbance in quality of sleep had control group. The obtained ‘t’ test value was found 11.2985 for experimental group was found significant at p 0.05 level which shows that self instructional module was effective in improving quality of sleep in experimental group. The pre test and post test mean score of experimental group are 14.27 and 11.80 respectively and had mean difference of 2.47. The pre test and post test mean score of control group are 14.93 and 14.43 with mean difference of 0.50. The chi square showed no association between sleep quality with selected demographic variable age, gender, medication, physical activity, etc CONCLUSION The study conducted concluded that majority of students had moderate disturbance in sleep quality and self instructional module was effective in improving sleep quality of adolescent students. Anamika Kandari "Effectiveness of Self Instruction Module on Quality of Sleep on Adolescents of Government Intercollege Patel Nagar Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd75128.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/75128/effectiveness-of-self-instruction-module-on-quality-of-sleep-on-adolescents-of-government-intercollege-patel-nagar-dehradun/anamika-kandari

Even if speech recognition technology has advanced significantly in recent years, there are still issues with it, especially when it comes to correctly differentiating between male and female voices. The present state of male and female voice recognition systems is examined in this paper, along with the roots of the issues and the approaches used to overcome them. We explore both the physiological and social language aspects of speech production and their effects on the precision of recognition. We also go over how deep neural networks and other machine learning methods can improve gender classification in speech recognition systems. Additionally, we examine the effects of gender bias and methods for reducing it in speech recognition software. This review provides insights into the achievements made in male and female voice recognition as well as future directions by combining the results of previous studies. Karambir | Kirti Hooda "A Comparative Study of Speech Recognition Accuracy for Male and Female Voices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81092.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/81092/a-comparative-study-of-speech-recognition-accuracy-for-male-and-female-voices/karambir

Environmental racism is the disproportionate impact of environmental policies, laws, and practices on certain racial or ethnic groups people of color and marginalized communities , often resulting in unequal access to natural resources, exposure to pollution, and denial of environmental justice. This encompasses policies, practices, or directives that result in the placement of toxic waste sites, polluting industries, and other environmentally hazardous activities in areas predominantly inhabited by racial or ethnic minorities. This issue is evident worldwide, affecting various communities in different ways. This paper examines the various issues surrounding environmental racism, the causes, effects and the possible solutions to enhance healthy environment to man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Environmental Racism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97091/environmental-racism/paul-a-adekunte

Introduction Mosquito borne diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika pose serious risks to children, especially in tropical regions. While synthetic repellents are effective, their safety concerns highlight the need for natural alternatives. Mashak Jaal is a herbal mosquito repellent formulated with Aloe Vera, Devadaram, Tulasi, Ramacham, and lemongrass oil, offering gentle, long lasting protection. This study evaluates its efficacy, safety, and acceptability in children aged 1 to 12 years, aiming to support safer, child friendly mosquito prevention strategies. Objective To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of Mashak Jaal in reducing mosquito bites and ensuring user satisfaction over a 15 day period. Methods A prospective, open label study was conducted with 50 children aged 1–12 years residing in mosquito prone areas. Efficacy was assessed using a 7 domain questionnaire covering mosquito bite reduction, duration of repellent effect, skin safety, sensory acceptance, perceived effectiveness, parent satisfaction, and future use. Results Mashak Jaal achieved a mean total score of 29.8 ± 3.2, with 82 of participants rated in Grade A 27–31, high efficacy or A 32–35, excellent efficacy . Significant bite reduction Grade 4 or 5 in 78 of cases and prolonged repellent effect 4–6 hours in 70 were observed. No adverse skin reactions were reported, and 88 of parents were satisfied or very satisfied. Conclusion Mashak Jaal is a highly effective, safe, and well accepted mosquito repellent for children, offering a natural alternative to synthetic formulations. Its integration into pediatric care in mosquito prone regions is recommended. Sreedevi AP | Maneesha KS | Anu Joy | Reeshma CR | Sibi Narayanan | Adithya Peethambara Panicker "Comprehensive Evaluation of Mashak Jaal: A Novel Pediatric Mosquito Repellent Formulation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79839.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79839/comprehensive-evaluation-of-mashak-jaal-a-novel-pediatric-mosquito-repellent-formulation/sreedevi-ap

Earnings management is an effort to influence earnings figures by management by increasing, decreasing or equalizing profits in the financial reporting process in order to meet certain goals or interests. This research was conducted to empirically test and analyze the effect of free cash flow, leverage and company size on earnings management in construction and building companies listed on the IDX during the period 2022 2024. Earnings management in this research is proxied using the Stubben Model. The type of research used by researchers is quantitative research with secondary data from the publication of construction and building company financial reports for 2022 2024 which are accessed officially on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, namely www.idx.co.id. Sampling used a purposive sampling method with sample results obtained from 63 firm years. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The test results in this study stated that free cash flow and leverage doesn’t have a significant effect on earnings management, while company size has a significant effect on earnings management with a negative effect. Aulia Rahmadiani Negoro | Nur Hisamuddin | Rochman Effendi "Antecedents of Earnings Management: An Investigation on Construction and Building Companies Registered in Public Companies in Indonesia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd88500.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/accounting/88500/antecedents-of-earnings-management-an-investigation-on-construction-and-building-companies-registered-in-public-companies-in-indonesia/aulia-rahmadiani-negoro

Introduction Cellulitis is spreading inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue and fascial planes. It may be superficialanddeep. Infection may follow scratch, wound or incision. It is commonly due to streptococcus pyogenes and other gram positive organism. It is generally treated with antibiotics, anti inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic medication. It can progress to suppuration, sloughing and gangrene. Vranashopha can be associated with cellulitis. Acharya Susrutha highlighted the importance of vranashopha which is a localized swelling in part of body involving Twak and Mamsa Dhatu. It is explained as earlier phase of Vrana. In Ayurveda Ekadasha Saptopakrama treatment have been explained. Aim the Aim was to evaluate the role of ayurvedicand modern treatment modalities in Vranasopha. Materials and Methods Case A, a 43 years male patient was apparently normal before 15 days gradually noticed pain and swelling in right dorsum of right leg associated with itching and blisters, which was treated with Dashanga lepa and Case B, a 52 years male was apparently normal before 10 days later complained of swelling and pain in left foot since 10 days, which was treated with Z paste. Result Both studies showed marked improvement in swelling and pain reduction. Discussion Dashanga lepa and Z paste treatment were applied on 2 different patient suffering from cellulitis. Dashanga lepa which is clinically used as an anti inflammatory agent, contain 10 commonly and easily available, which all are having good effect on vranashopha and in cellulitis z paste treatment modalities were adopted which contains zinc oxide and glycerol which has antibacterial property and promotes wound healing. Jeetendra A. J | Gurudevi Biradar "A Single Clinical Case Study of Dashanga Lepa and Z Paste in the Management of Vranasopha (Cellulitis)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81087.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/81087/a-single-clinical-case-study-of-dashanga-lepa-and-z-paste-in-the-management-of-vranasopha-cellulitis/jeetendra-a-j

The telecom landscape of 2024 has transformed in ways few could have imagined just a few years ago. With advancements like 5G, edge computing, and the integration of the Internet of Things IoT , the industry is experiencing a seismic shift. Nihit Gupta "The Telecom Industry’s Evolutionary Road to AI and Beyond" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79982.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/79982/the-telecom-industry’s-evolutionary-road-to-ai-and-beyond/nihit-gupta

The term Shatkriykala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease which helps us to determine the appropriate measures to correct the imbalance in Doshas. Shatkriyakala is one of the various important concepts described in Ayurveda. Acharya Sushruta has described different phases of a disease in his own unique way. It shows the stepwise progress of Dosha and disease. For the control and prevention of the disease, guidelines like Dinchariya and Rutuchariya must be adopted. Along with these concepts, knowledge of Shatkriyakala plays an important role in prevention as well as management of the disease So a good understanding of Kriyakalas is very essential for early diagnosis, prognosis and for adopting preventive as well as curative measures. It also gives us an idea regarding the present condition of Doshadushti and the progress of the diseases in a body. Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. In Ayurveda prevention of all types of diseases is known as a prominent part of treatment which includes restructuring human life style aligns with the course of nature. Dr. KM Shailja Singh | Dr. Kamleshwar Prasad "Significance of Shatakriyakala in Manifestition of Disease - An Ayurved Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81098.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/81098/significance-of-shatakriyakala-in-manifestition-of-disease--an-ayurved-perspective/dr-km-shailja-singh

Drones are remotely or autonomously controlled aircrafts that operate without a pilot. In the maritime industry, drones have found their place to provide an important function in the areas of deliveries, inspections of ships, and safeguarding national security. Drones are increasingly used in the maritime industry for a variety of tasks, including inspection, security, search and rescue, and environmental monitoring. The maritime industry and Navy deploy maritime drones for patrol, reconnaissance, and surveillance. Drone technologies will significantly enhance safety and security in and around ports. Drones are already solving some of shipping’s greatest inspection challenges at sea. This paper examines the various uses of drones in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Drones in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97093/drones-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The research evaluates modern developments in artificial intelligence AI and machine learning ML about their use in hardware acceleration platforms and data center systems and live systems including autonomous vehicle technology and recommendation engines. Efficient architectural designs for AI chips need emphasis because the industry is expected to generate 70 billion revenue by 2026. The paper shows how artificial intelligence training platforms at Facebook Zion scale up to edge computing designs such as RNNAccel. The research reviews both YOLOv3 and SSD ResNet with CenterNet within object detection models while investigating the low memory solution HarDNet. The paper demonstrates how machine learning has merged with vision based autonomous systems through analyses of navigation integration. This demonstrates the developing combination between hardware systems and optimization software. Multiple research documents show that AI technologies rapidly expand through various computational settings. Ananya R | Anshu Naikodi | Archana C K | D Sathya Preetham "Architectures for Accelerated AI: A Survey of Platforms from Data Centers to Vision-Based Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80044.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80044/architectures-for-accelerated-ai-a-survey-of-platforms-from-data-centers-to-visionbased-systems/ananya-r

The present study attempts to formulate and evaluate a functional beverage using Hibiscus sabdariffa, widely known for its deep red color, acidic flavor, and antioxidant properties. The beverage, Hibiscus Punch GoliSoda, was formulated to exhibit both sensorial appeal and potential health benefits. Hibiscus extract, lime juice, brown sugar, and ginger were used in the formulation with optional citric acid for acidity control and was carbonated for taste. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that the optimized sample had improved antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and ascorbic acid content when compared to the control. Microbial evaluation confirmed the safety of the beverage with low total viable counts and absence of coliforms. Nutritional evaluation revealed the presence of key nutrients in the form of natural sugars, vitamin C, and polyphenols. Carbonation evaluation revealed good CO2 retention and sensorial evaluation exhibited high consumer acceptability based on taste, flavor, and appearance. The study concludes that Hibiscus Punch GoliSoda is a promising functional beverage that unites traditional herbal medicine and modern drink technology, offering a natural and health boosting alternative to chemical carbonated drinks. M. Divya Sri | Dr. A. Swaroopa Rani | P. Jaideep Reddy "Formulation and Evaluation of Hibiscus Punch - A Functional Beverage with Antioxidant Properties" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79999.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/79999/formulation-and-evaluation-of-hibiscus-punch--a-functional-beverage-with-antioxidant-properties/m-divya-sri

This paper examines stablecoins critical role in cryptocurrency tokenomics, focusing on volatility reduction and their function as economic anchors. Through analysis of market data and academic literature, we find that stablecoins have evolved from simple price stable instruments to foundational DeFi infrastructure. With market capitalization reaching 160 billion in 2024, stablecoins provide liquidity, reduce transaction costs, and enable sophisticated financial instruments while introducing regulatory and systemic risks. Arpita Gupta "The Role of Stablecoins in Tokenomics: Economic Anchors and Volatility Reduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97095.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97095/the-role-of-stablecoins-in-tokenomics-economic-anchors-and-volatility-reduction/arpita-gupta

This research is carried out to determine the effect of multilateral debt on gross domestic product of Nigeria. The research design used in this research work is ex post facto. In this research, most of the data used is obtained from already published data. These documents included annual reports and accounts, NBS reports CBN bulleting and facts book from the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE , newspaper reports, internet reports as well as other relevant financial and business publications. A Data was analyzed using tables, ratios, and percentages. The hypothesis was tested using regression. This research, find that the largest of the Nigeria’s debt in contemporary years is borne on multilateral and small portion of it on other debts instruments. It is to this view, that the result showed a negative impact on GDP of Nigeria. Also, the coefficient of determination proved that there are enough variable tested to determine the relationship of GDP and multilateral debt. We recommend the following, which shall contribute to the improvement in the management of external debt decisions. The total external debt incurred should be channeled towards the purpose meant for its existence. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Dadiowei, Opritari Maxwell "The Effect of Multilateral Debt on Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97100/the-effect-of-multilateral-debt-on-gross-domestic-product-of-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac

Modern market technology evolution requires CMOS based semiconductor manufacturing to use more effective and smarter Electronic Design Automation EDA methods because of rising efficiency requirements. This paper examines how cutting edge technologies consisting of machine learning ML , artificial intelligence AI , edge computing and neuromorphic systems function in Very Large Scale Integration VLSI and embedded system designs. The emphasis on sustainability happens through design based equivalent scaling as well as AI implementations in chip production and power improvement with AVS alongside in situ detection and task memory scheduling. The paper details how FPGAs and MPSoCs bring performance benefits to hardware systems while examining new memory solutions consisting of resistive RAM and in memory computing technology that help bypass traditional von Neumann system constraints. The joint optimization between hardware and software technology leads to meaningful applications which detect ASD while improving biomedical imaging. The paper demonstrates through diverse academic studies that ML models with energy efficient circuit designs and edge AI represent future semiconductor and embedded systems standards. D Sathya Preetham | Ananya R | Anshu Naikodi | Archana C K "Emerging VLSI Technologies for High Performance AI and ML Applications: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80043.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80043/emerging-vlsi-technologies-for-high-performance-ai-and-ml-applications-survey-paper/d-sathya-preetham

Blockchain is a secure, encrypted, digital distributed ledger that is chronologically time stamped with unalterable data. It is transforming the media and entertainment industry by offering solutions for copyright protection, royalty distribution, and content creation. Blockchain technology is making a significant impact across various sectors of the entertainment industry. It has become popular in the media, advertising, and entertainment industries. The integration of Blockchain for media and entertainment marks a significant step towards improved transparency, security, and efficiency. In this paper, we will understand the potential of blockchain for media and entertainment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Blockchain in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80002.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80002/blockchain-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Health status of women is essential for healthy society. In todays fast and competitive world, there is a change in the lifestyle of women which leads to their physical and mental stress, women mostly get affected by this environment and are prone to gynaecological problems. Common gynaecological problems in women are white discharge, foul smell discharge, itching at vulvar region, burning micturition etc. Cervical erosion is a condition seen in the age group of 20 40 years with more of Kapha dominance. Kandu, Yoni Srava and other features of Kapha Pittadushti are seen in cervical erosion. It is seen as red circular granular surface surrounding the cervical os bathed in discharges. On the study of etiological factors, sign and symptoms the disease is found to be caused by Kapha – Pittadosha Prakopa affecting Yoni and Garbhasayamukha leading to Samprapti which manifests as cervical erosion. Based on symptomatology, cervical erosion can be correlated with Karnini Yonivyapad. Dr. Swati Chougala | Dr. Shridevi Swamy | Dr. Ishwari Patil "A Critical Review on Karnini Yonivyapad W.S.R. to Cervical Erosion" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80004.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/80004/a-critical-review-on-karnini-yonivyapad-wsr-to-cervical-erosion/dr-swati-chougala

The Hasanpur Barahi swamp locally known as chour in Madhepura district, Bihar, represents a unique freshwater ecosystem supporting a rich diversity of ichthyofauna. This study aims to document and assess the fish species inhabiting this wetland, analyzing their diversity and ecological significance. Monthly surveys were conducted over a year, employing both traditional and modern sampling techniques. A total of 34 fish species belonging to 7 orders and 14 families were recorded. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family, followed by Siluridae and Channidae. The study highlights the need for sustainable management and conservation efforts due to increasing anthropogenic pressures. Saurav Kumar | Dr. Arun Kumar "Fish Diversity of Hasanpur Barahi Swamp (Chour) of Madhepura District of Bihar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/81093/fish-diversity-of-hasanpur-barahi-swamp-chour-of-madhepura-district-of-bihar/saurav-kumar

Digitalization is the process of leveraging digital technologies to transform business processes, operations, and workflows, to drive and enhance efficiency, productivity, and innovation. Digitalization goes beyond mere digitization, which is the conversion of analog data into digital formats, by the use of digital tools to automate tasks, improve decision making, and generate value added value for businesses and customers. Furthermore, digital transformation is a cultural shift which often involves reimaging business models and customer interactions, as a process that requires a combination of technology innovation, organizational agility, often leading to fundamental shifts in the way businesses operate, compete, and grow in the digital age. The paper looks at digitalization, digitization, and digital transformation cum the pros and cons, and as well as their benefits to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Digitalization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81091/digitalization/paul-a-adekunte

This study is designed to determine the level effectiveness of utilizing the Pecha Kucha Principle in Students Communication Performance in Oral Communication Subject, the respondent’s perception on the utilization of Pecha Kucha Principle and the barriers and challenges met by the respondents during its utilization as basis for necessary solutions and recommendations to be formulated. This study was carried out in Sta. Lucia National High School, Asturias District 2, Asturias, Cebu. Through random sampling utilizing Slovin’s formula, 90 identified grade 11 students were requested to participate as respondents. This study utilized descriptive methods employing adaptive survey questionnaires through google forms, supplemented with interviews which determine the level of effectiveness and respondents’ perception on the utilization of Pecha Kucha Principles. The study revealed that majority of the respondents asserted that when a teacher uses Pecha Kucha in class, they felt better understood and it enhances their capacity to learn. Also, a presentation using the Pecha Kucha format is encouraged to be simpler and imaginative. Time constraints were identified as the prevalent barrier in the effective utilization of Pecha Kucha Principles. It is recommended that further studies on the effective utilization of Pecha Kucha Principles in developing and improving students’ academic performance be conducted. Rowin V. Bacan "Utilizing Pecha Kucha Principle Towards Students Improved Communication Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79961.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/79961/utilizing-pecha-kucha-principle-towards-students-improved-communication-performance/rowin-v-bacan

Objective Structural heart disease SHD describes various existing or inherited cardiac abnormalities throughout the valve system, wall structures, and cardiac chambers. Credit recent developments in catheter based technologies for restructuring the management of SHD because they present new alternate access routes to bypass conventional open heart surgery. Medical innovation brought forth TAVR alongside treatments for mitral and tricuspid valve repair systems through the progression of imaging, device engineering, and procedural techniques. The article reviews catheter based SHD interventions by evaluating their effectiveness and operational challenges while assessing their benefit efficacy ratio to open heart surgery methods. This study examines new technological advances in valve development, robotic catheter steering, and artificial intelligence for operational planning and surgical choices. The paper reaches its final stage by examining the barriers to broad implementation, such as regulatory obstacles, economic restrictions, and training deficiencies, before delivering projections for technological adaptations that will fulfil unaddressed requirements in structural cardiology. Usama A. Khan "Catheter-Based Technologies for the Treatment of Structural Heart Disease: Current Status and Future Directions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/80054/catheterbased-technologies-for-the-treatment-of-structural-heart-disease-current-status-and-future-directions/usama-a-khan

Digital law, which is also known as “information technology law IT law “ or “information, communication and technology law ICT law ” or “cyberlaw,” is the legal framework that governs the use and the impact of information technology, including the Internet, software, and artificial intelligence. This focuses and addresses the legal implications of online activities, digital assets, and the digital economy, seeking to ensure a safe and responsible online environment. Just as citizens in a society have certain rights and responsibilities, so do digital citizens in the online world also have certain rights and responsibilities. Digital citizens can enjoy rights of privacy, security, access and inclusion, freedom of expression, etc. With these rights come certain responsibilities, such as ethics and empathy in order to ensure a safe and responsible digital environment for all. This paper examines the pros and cons to the issue of digital law and its implications to humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Law" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80003.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80003/digital-law/paul-a-adekunte

Interfacing with the ever increasing volumes of data in the sectors of technology, medicine, science, engineering, industry, and finance and transforming them into a comprehensible format. One of the primary criteria is a human user. Information intensive applications will demand effective methods and the ability to learn from fresh data in order to swiftly identify and evaluate intricate patterns and requirements. Classification and clustering of widely accessible data is one way to address this. Within this research, we suggested a two tier method for clustering big data sets for rain fall data prediction using SOM and SVM with ID3 in order to partially satisfy the market demand. This research examines a novel method for grouping the SOM and SVM with ID3. Specifically, application of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and ID3 participated clustering is examined. When compared to straight clustering of the data, the two stage process, which first uses SOM to create the illustration and then examines SVM with ID3, performs well and cuts down on computation time. Numan Khan | Shubham Kumar "Rainfall Forecast using an Effective Machine Learning Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79960.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/79960/rainfall-forecast-using-an-effective-machine-learning-model/numan-khan

This survey study evaluates the syllabus points of the newly introduced Rachana Sharir subject by NCISM among undergraduate Ayurveda students. The study aims to identify the difficulties faced by students in studying Rachana Sharir and enhance their interest in anatomy. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 200 students, using an auto generated Google form to collect responses. The results revealed that topics such as Paribhasha Sharir and Asthi Sharir were perceived as simple, while topics like the Nervous system and Marma Sharir were considered difficult. The study highlights the importance of understanding Rachana Sharir, a broad and crucial subject, in becoming a competent doctor. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive knowledge of Rachana Sharir to correctly diagnose and treat diseases of the whole body. The findings of this study can inform strategies to improve teaching and learning of Rachana Sharir, ultimately enhancing the quality of Ayurveda education. Dr. Karani Singh Shekhawat | Dr. Kalpana Raje | Dr. Syamlal S. | Dr. Dharmendra Mishra | Dr. Renu Moond "A Survey on the Perceived Challenges and Engagement of Undergraduate Ayurveda Students in Rachana Sharir Studies; A Cross Sectional Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79963.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79963/a-survey-on-the-perceived-challenges-and-engagement-of-undergraduate-ayurveda-students-in-rachana-sharir-studies-a-cross-sectional-study/dr-karani-singh-shekhawat

A smart building or an “intelligent building” or if a residence – a smart home is a structure that makes use of advanced technology to optimize and automate systems to monitor and control various building operations such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning HVAC , lighting, security, and other systems to improve energy efficiency, comfort, and safety security by the use of sensors, the Internet of Things IoT , and artificial intelligence AI . As technology is revolutionizing processes across industries like IT, finance, healthcare and manufacturing, so also it is transforming the way structures are designed, built, and operated today. This paper looks into the benefits and challenges of smart building, as well as to its futuristic prospects for man and the environment. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Building" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80005.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80005/smart-building/paul-a-adekunte

The primary objective of this study is the development of a foldable solar power bank incorporating an inverter system capable of generating a 230V AC supply. Furthermore, the system will include wireless power transfer for charging mobile phones. Efficiency will be a key consideration, aiming for a design with a reduced component count. The underlying principle for mobile charging in this design is wireless power transfer, a technique that employs electromagnetic fields to convey energy through electromagnetic induction. Recognizing the utility of power banks and their reliance on mains power, which can be limiting in mobile scenarios, this paper presents the design of an intelligent solar powered power bank with AC output. This dual charging system will enable users to power their mobile devices through either wireless induction or a conventional AC adapter. Prof. R. B. Mole | Mr. Roshan More | Mr. Anand Hirole | Mr. Amit Joshi | Mr. Anand Sangle | Mr. Ashish Akotkar | Mr. Roshan Suralkar "Solar Power Bank and Wireless Mobile Charging with Dual AC Output" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80006.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/80006/solar-power-bank-and-wireless-mobile-charging-with-dual-ac-output/prof-r-b-mole

Numerous machine learning models connected to healthcare are currently in use, and most of them concentrate on identifying distinct conditions. Our study has developed a system that employs a single user interface to forecast several diseases. Numerous illnesses, like diabetes, heart disease, chronic renal disease, and cancer, can be predicted by the suggested model. Humanity is at risk from these diseases if treatment is not received. Consequently, early identification and detection of these conditions can save many lives. To forecast diseases, this study aims to apply several classification techniques, including Gaussian naive Bayes, SVM, K Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression. Moreover, to attain the highest level of accuracy in the anticipated findings, multiple datasets are employed one dataset for each disease . The primary goal is to develop a web based system that can use ML to predict numerous diseases, like diabetes, cancer, heart problems, and chronic kidney problems. Shubham Kumar | Numan Khan "Machine Learning-Based Multiple Disease Prediction System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79922.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/79922/machine-learningbased-multiple-disease-prediction-system/shubham-kumar

From virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR to mixed reality MR and extended reality XR , immersive technologies are tools by which computer aided stimuli create the immersive illusion of being somewhere else. They can be used in evidentiary proceedings to provide a reasonable representation of actions, locations, or specific scenarios. They are tools a law firm can use to assist their broader purpose of serving clients. They have the potential to completely transform how legal professionals manage cases. The immersive technologies are not only changing the way people interact with digital environments but also how legal professionals approach their work. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of immersive technologies on law practice. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Idaresit U Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in the Legal Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80007.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80007/immersive-technologies-in-the-legal-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This review explores the integration of Internet of Things IoT technology and energy storage materials in solar dehydration systems for agricultural products. Solar drying is a sustainable method to reduce post harvest losses, but traditional systems are limited by weather dependency and lack of process control. The inclusion of IoT enables real time monitoring and automation, while phase change materials PCMs such as paraffin wax provide thermal energy storage for continuous operation. This paper reviews system architectures, performance outcomes, challenges, and future prospects of IoT based solar dehydration systems with energy storage, highlighting their potential to improve efficiency, product quality, and farmer livelihoods. Mr. Sheshikanth Mohrir | Mr. K. Prashanth "IoT-Based Solar Dehydration System with Energy Storage Material for Agricultural Products" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80046.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/80046/iotbased-solar-dehydration-system-with-energy-storage-material-for-agricultural-products/mr-sheshikanth-mohrir

Robotics in media and entertainment involves the design, development, and application of robots to create engaging and interactive experiences. It is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that combines engineering, creativity, and technology to create innovative and immersive experiences. The importance of robotics in entertainment lies in its ability to create immersive experiences, push the boundaries of what is possible, and provide new forms of interaction and engagement for audiences. The entertainment industry is witnessing a revolutionary convergence of technology and creativity through the incorporation of robots. This paper examines the role of robots in media and entertainment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotics in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80014.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80014/robotics-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Traffic Sign Recognition TSR is a critical function in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ADAS , contributing significantly to road safety and the progression of autonomous driving technologies. This research proposes a real time TSR system built on Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs , optimized for deployment on embedded automotive platforms. Our approach emphasizes a balance between model accuracy and computational efficiency, making it suitable for real world vehicular scenarios. Using the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark GTSRB dataset, we demonstrate that our CNN model achieves high accuracy and meets real time processing requirements, validating its application in ADAS. Pratik Brahmbhatt "Real-Time Traffic Sign Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in ADAS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80051.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/80051/realtime-traffic-sign-recognition-using-convolutional-neural-networks-cnns-in-adas/pratik-brahmbhatt

This study looks on the National Identity Management Commission NIMC Headquarters in Abuja, Nigerias adoption of cloud computing technology for information management. Even with computerization and resource automation available, NIMC still faces many obstacles that impair data security and operational effectiveness. These difficulties include low power supplies, unstable WAN LAN connections, inadequate maintenance, a lack of personnel with computer literacy, and inadequate funding for information technologies. Using a cross sectional survey design and semi structured interviews with key IT staff members at NIMC, the study uses a qualitative research approach to collect data on the ICT infrastructure that is currently in place, how it affects service delivery, and the difficulties that come with adopting cloud computing. The results show that NIMC is mostly dependent on local servers and a restricted WAN LAN infrastructure, both of which are vulnerable to disruptions from external variables, power outages, and device malfunctions. The need for a more dependable and secure network infrastructure was brought up by the participants cloud computing may be able to meet this need. At NIMC, cloud computing adoption is still in its infancy, nevertheless, with considerable obstacles to wider implementation including the requirement for specific technical skills and limited funding. Major advantages of cloud computing were mentioned as improved data security, lower long term expenses, and increased operational efficiency due to less maintenance required of technology. The study suggests that NIMC look for more funding sources to support cloud computing investment, conduct in depth cost benefit analyses, upgrade network infrastructure and security measures, implement comprehensive technical training programs, and create a strategic plan for cloud computing adoption in phases based on these findings. By utilizing cloud computing technologies effectively, these ideas seek to improve NIMCs data security, operational effectiveness, and service delivery. Adegbile Mary Adetoun "Adoption of Cloud Computing for Information Management in National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), Abuja" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80029.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/80029/adoption-of-cloud-computing-for-information-management-in-national-identity-management-commission-nimc-abuja/adegbile-mary-adetoun

Background Hair thinning and hair fall are widespread concerns affecting adults across age groups, with significant psychosocial implications. Current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy and are associated with side effects, prompting a need for safe, herbal alternatives. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Narasimha Tablets, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, in promoting hair growth and reducing hair fall in adults experiencing hair thinning. Methods This 6 month open label, comparative clinical trial enrolled 100 participants aged 25–50 years presenting with self reported hair thinning or hair fall. Subjects were randomized into two groups 70 received Narasimha Tablets 2 tablets twice daily post meals , and 30 received a placebo. Efficacy endpoints, including hair density, vellus hair count, hair fall, global investigator assessment, and self rated hair thickness VAS , were assessed at baseline, Day 90, and Day 180. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t tests and ANOVA. Results The treatment group showed statistically significant improvements in all primary and secondary outcomes. Hair density increased from 145.2 ± 12.4 to 172.4 ± 14.2 hairs cm² 18.7 , vellus hair count increased by 28.2 , and daily hair fall reduced by 44.4 by Day 180. Subjective and investigator scores reflected parallel improvement, with the VAS score increasing by 92.8 and the global score by 82.6 p 0.001 . Conclusion Narasimha Tablets demonstrated significant efficacy in promoting hair growth, reducing hair fall, and improving overall hair quality, validating its role as a holistic, herbal intervention. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings. Dr. Anu Joy | Dr. Sreedevi A. P | Dr. Adithya Peethambara Panicker "An Open-Label, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Narasimha Tablets in Adult Subjects with Hair Thinning and Hair Fall" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/79968/an-openlabel-comparative-clinical-study-to-evaluate-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-narasimha-tablets-in-adult-subjects-with-hair-thinning-and-hair-fall/dr-anu-joy

South Asia continues to experience the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan as its longest running and most unstable geopolitical dispute. The current state of Kashmir has grown intricate during 2023 2024 because territorial claims between nations combine with mounting human rights violations in the region. This research examines Kashmiri human rights situations during the Indo Pakistani rivalry by analyzing the Pahalgam attack and changing circumstances regarding the Indus Waters Treaty. This research examines how both states contribute to sustaining conflict through international media reports and diplomatic declarations and expert explanations alongside their attempts at resolution and the roles of global organizations United Nations and Organization of Islamic Cooperation OIC . The regional environment has grown increasingly securitized because of curfews and communication blackouts and mass arrests which human rights organizations now strongly condemn. The document examines how the continuous border conflict affects Indian and Pakistani citizenry economically and humanitarian wise through population movements along with economic declines and geographical unrest. The article focuses intensively on how political actors manipulate water resources through the Indus Waters Treaty which creates potential severe environmental and economic problems for Pakistan. The civilian people of Kashmir suffer as both countries maintain their political power positions according to the study results. The discussion presents diplomatic options which advocate for new direct negotiations between Pakistan and India accompanied by strengthened exchanges between their citizenries and international arbitration and holistic human rights oversight frameworks. In the absence of a lasting peace blueprint the present conflict faces the possibility of escalating into a huge anthropogenic and regional catastrophe which could affect South Asias foundational security along with developmental dynamics. Samreen Asghar "Current Status of Human Rights in Kashmir Amid Indo-Pak Tensions: A Critical Contemporary Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/79978/current-status-of-human-rights-in-kashmir-amid-indopak-tensions-a-critical-contemporary-analysis/samreen-asghar

The paper examines semiconductor development by evaluating the shift from conventional methods to data based and machine learning approaches. ITRS 2.0 presents an advanced pathway which enlarges semiconductors for contemporary marketplace needs by including application oriented improvements and specific industry demands above Moore’s Law. Performance evaluation of FinFET technology takes place at the 16 nm node by identifying key variation contributors while introducing adaptive approaches. Research analyzes the consequences of FinFET performance at the 16 nm node and demonstrates how deep learning works in computer vision and why machine learning became quick and widespread in both semiconductor production and design processes. The research examines how Graph Neural Networks improve EDA workflows through the presentation of cutting edge machine learning methods for device performance evaluation as well as IR drop prediction and chip architecture optimization strategies across PVT ranges. This paper examines non Von Neumann computing as well as energy efficient accelerators for AI applications while assessing the move towards smart scalable and power efficient semiconductor solutions. Archana C K | Anshu Naikodi | Ananya R | D Sathya Preetham "Reimagining Semiconductor Development: Machine Learning Applications from Device Physics to System Architectures: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79885.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/79885/reimagining-semiconductor-development-machine-learning-applications-from-device-physics-to-system-architectures-survey-paper/archana-c-k

The term Shatkriykala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease which helps us to determine the appropriate measures to correct the imbalance in Doshas. Shatkriyakala is one of the various important concepts described in Ayurveda. Acharya Sushruta has described different phases of a disease in his own unique way. It shows the stepwise progress of Dosha and disease. The term ‘Shatkriyakala’ is constituted of three words, ‘Shat’ means number 6, ‘Kriya’ means action or treatment and ‘Kala’ means time. It means the consecutive stages of manifestation of disease and the preventive measures which should be taken to find out complications and overcome them. The Prayojana of Ayurveda is of two types, maintenance of the existing good health of a healthy person, and curing the disease of a diseased person. So a good understanding of Kriyakalas is very essential for early diagnosis, prognosis and for adopting preventive as well as curative measures. It also gives us an idea regarding the present condition of Doshadushti and the progress of the diseases in a body. Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. In Ayurveda prevention of all types of diseases is known as a prominent part of treatment which includes restructuring human life style aligns with the course of nature. Dr. Priyanka Sontakke | Dr. Komal Kirte | Dr. Trupti Dattatraya Giri "Role of Shatakriyakala in Manifestation of Diseases" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80052.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/80052/role-of-shatakriyakala-in-manifestation-of-diseases/dr-priyanka-sontakke

DeepSeek AI represents a new paradigm in the evolution of large scale language and vision models, integrating advanced machine learning techniques with real time multimodal capabilities. This research explores the core architecture, training methodology, and performance benchmarks of DeepSeek VL and DeepSeek Coder, opensource models capable of state of the art reasoning in text, image, and code generation. With the growing demand for transparent and scalable AI, DeepSeek presents a significant leap toward democratizing access to high performing foundational models. Results indicate superior performance on established benchmarks such as VQAv2, COCO Captioning, and MMLU. This paper offers an analytical perspective on the architecture and training pipeline, emphasizing its relevance to academic and industrial applications. Tripti R Kulkarni | Chethan P | Arun Vikas Singh | Monisha S. S "Deepseek Open-Source AI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80053.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/80053/deepseek-opensource-ai/tripti-r-kulkarni

Drones are bringing about radical change in the worlds of agriculture, inspection, real estate, and beyond. They have revolutionized the media and entertainment industry, offering new perspectives, increased efficiency, and innovative storytelling possibilities. They have brought new creative ways, given cheaper choices, improved safety and ease of access, and made the overall quality of movies and media projects better. The advent of drone cinematography has revolutionized filmmaking and video production, opening up new creative possibilities. Drones are taking unmanned aerial photography services to new heights, making it an accessible hobby that anyone can get started in. In this paper, we will explore the role of drones in the media and entertainment industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Drones in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81054/drones-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Central lines or central venous pressure CVP lines are placed to allow access to the central venous circulation. They have several functions, such as venous access for administration of drugs fluids feeding and monitoring. Several other types of intravenous catheter exist and principles for interpretation of radiographs following insertion of these lines are the same. The analysis shows that the total knowledge scores of the pre test, out of 60 subjects majority 35 58.3 of respondents had Inadequate knowledge scores, 19 31.7 them had moderate scores, 6 10.00 of them had adequate knowledge scores level regarding central venous pressure monitoring by CVP manometer. However, after administration of SIM, post test out of 60 subjects, majority 42 70.0 he respondents had adequate knowledge score and 12 20.0 Moderate Xiii knowledge scores and 6 10.0 average knowledge scores regarding central venous pressure monitoring by CVP manometer among MICU staff nurses. The overall pre test and post test mean are 13.73 and 22.98 with SD of 4.42 and 3.87, respectively and ‘t’ value 12.45 which was highly significant at P 0.05 level. This was proved and accepted the formulated hypothesis. Chi square was computed the association between post test level of knowledge with selected variables in that the age, education, work experience and prior in service education of MICU staff nurses which is significantly associated at P 0.05 level, hence it is tested and proved hypothesis. Mr. Abdul Wahid "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-Instruction Module on Knowledge Regarding of Central Venous Pressure Monitoring by CVP Manometer among Staff Nurses Who Have Working in Micu in Selected Hospital, Jaipur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80015.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/80015/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-selfinstruction-module-on-knowledge-regarding-of-central-venous-pressure-monitoring-by-cvp-manometer-among-staff-nurses-who-have-working-in-micu-in-selected-hospital-jaipur/mr-abdul-wahid

This paper presents a novel Edge Cloud collaborative computing framework designed to meet the low latency and high performance requirements of emerging IoT applications. As the demand for real time processing and efficient resource utilization continues to grow, traditional cloud centric or edge only architectures face critical limitations, such as high latency, limited computational power, and energy inefficiencies. The proposed framework dynamically allocates computational tasks between edge nodes and cloud servers based on factors such as latency sensitivity, computational complexity, and energy constraints. Utilizing machine learning algorithms for intelligent task scheduling and predictive workload management, the system achieves a balanced distribution of processing loads, enhancing responsiveness and scalability. Experimental evaluation through simulation and real world prototyping demonstrates significant improvements in latency reduction, throughput, task completion time, and energy efficiency compared to baseline models. The framework also incorporates secure communication protocols and modular architecture, ensuring adaptability, data privacy, and compatibility with heterogeneous IoT environments. These findings highlight the potential of Edge Cloud collaboration as a practical and scalable solution for enabling next generation IoT services with stringent performance and reliability demands. Shiva Kiran Lingishetty | Yuvaraj Madheswaran | Vineet Baniya "Edge-Cloud Collaboration: A Framework for Low-Latency and High-Performance Computing in IoT Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79991.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/79991/edgecloud-collaboration-a-framework-for-lowlatency-and-highperformance-computing-in-iot-applications/shiva-kiran-lingishetty

This research explores the development and evaluation of an automated patch management framework aimed at improving vulnerability mitigation in complex IT environments. With the rising frequency and sophistication of cyber threats, traditional manual patching methods have proven to be inefficient, error prone, and unable to scale with modern infrastructure demands. Through a combination of systematic literature review, prototype development, experimental testing, and user feedback, the study demonstrates that automation significantly reduces patch deployment time and system downtime, enhances mitigation success rates, and lowers false positive occurrences. The proposed system integrates machine learning for risk based prioritization, real time vulnerability assessment, and sandbox testing to ensure accurate and secure patch application. Empirical results show an 80 improvement in deployment speed and a 27 increase in mitigation success compared to manual methods. The findings highlight the transformative potential of automated patching in strengthening cybersecurity posture and suggest its strategic implementation as a critical component of modern vulnerability management. Shivaraj Yanamandram Kuppuraju | Chandrashekhar Moharir | Vineet Baniya "Patch Management Automation for Vulnerability Mitigation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd79992.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/79992/patch-management-automation-for-vulnerability-mitigation/shivaraj-yanamandram-kuppuraju

Construction 4.0 is the modern method of construction referred to as the digital transformation of the construction industry, driven by the adoption of advanced technologies to improve efficiency, quality, and sustainability. This is a concept inspired by Industry 4.0, which focuses on the digital integration of manufacturing processes. Construction 4.0 aims at leveraging technology to optimize all stages of the construction lifecycle, from design and planning to construction and operation – the next revolution in the construction industry. This paper delves into looking at the pros and cons in Construction 4.0, solutions to the challenges, and what its future holds for humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Construction 4.0" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81084.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81084/construction-40/paul-a-adekunte

AI ML workloads are becoming more widely used while their reliable hardware execution stands as a crucial factor especially when considering aggressive technology advancements and NVM technology adoption. The special session demonstrates extensive research into reliability enhancement methods for AI ML hardware infrastructure at architectural and system levels and design time through neuromorphic and multiprocessor system studies. The discussion highlights three chief technical points which include elevated fault sensitivity of systems and aging mechanics due to voltage effects as well as the sustaining of reliability against hardware decay. The research shows breakthrough approaches which comprise Rox ANN for efficient ANN implementation and PALP and DATACON methods for PCM memory optimization as well as MNEME and HEBE systems to manage NVM and hybrid memory aging and RENEU for neuromorphic reliability modelling under workload conditions. This work studies system level methods that integrate thermal aware task mapping and aging aware checkpoint distribution and performs a combined analysis between DVFS and replication techniques in multiprocessor task scheduling. These solutions achieve substantial advancements regarding system energy efficiency coupled with increased performance while lengthening the system operational period. Experimental tests performed on SPEC CPU2017 and MiBench as well as diverse ML operations demonstrate the need for implementing early stage reliability modelling approaches with workload management techniques that understand applications and architecture specifications to develop dependable AI ML hardware systems. Anshu Naikodi | Ananya R | Archana C K | D Sathya Preetham "Toward Dependable AI/ML Hardware: Reliability Strategies Across Architectures and Memory Systems: Survey Paper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80047.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/80047/toward-dependable-aiml-hardware-reliability-strategies-across-architectures-and-memory-systems-survey-paper/anshu-naikodi

Introduction Varicose veins are common vascular disorder seen in middle and old aged people characterized by dilated, tortuous veins primarily affecting lower limbs. People in prolonged standing jobs as teacher, bus conductor, traffic police, housewives often suffer from varicose veins. In Ayurveda, varicose veins can be compared with Sirajgranthi. 1 Jalaukavacharana one of the methods of Raktamokshana along with oral medications brought significant relief in symptoms of varicose veins. Material and method A case study of 23 years old unmarried female patient with complaint of pain, muscle cramps, swelling and dilated superficial veins in right lower limbs since last 1.5 years is done. Eight sittings of Jalaukavacharna after every seven days were performed along with oral medications and results were observed. Observation and result The patient got relief in all symptoms including pain, cramps, tortuosity over right lower limbs. Conclusion Ayurvedic conservative management provides relief in symptoms as well as improves quality of life. Jalaukavacharna along with conservative management presents as a good alternative for patients seeking non surgical options for management of varicose veins. Dr. Pushpa Patel | Dr. Devesh Shukla | Dr. Pankaj Kumar Sharma "Role of Jalaukavacharana in the Management of Varicose Veins: A Single Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80000.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/80000/role-of-jalaukavacharana-in-the-management-of-varicose-veins-a-single-case-study/dr-pushpa-patel

Global public health continues to face substantial obstacles from mosquito borne diseases, making precise and effective techniques for mosquito species identification necessary. We present a unique method in this article called Mosquito Species Classification through Wingbeat Analysis A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach, which uses wingbeat analysis and deep learning techniques to classify mosquito species. Our approach leverages Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs as the core model to provide robust and dependable classification performance. We make use of an extensive dataset that includes wingbeat recordings from many species of mosquitoes and apply comprehensive pre processing and feature engineering techniques to enhance the models effectiveness. Specifically, we extract and combine features such as zero crossing rate ZCR , root mean square energy RMSE , mel frequency cepstral coefficients MFCC , as well as augmented features derived from audio transformations like add noise, shifting, pitching, and stretching. This combination of handcrafted and augmented features helps to enrich the training data and improve the generalizability of the model. After thorough testing and evaluation, we demonstrate that our CNN based method achieves superior performance in accurately classifying various mosquito species. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learning methods, particularly CNNs, to surpass conventional classification techniques in species identification tasks. Additionally, we highlight the critical role of accurate species classification in vector surveillance and epidemiological research, emphasizing the broader impact of our work on ecological studies and disease control strategies. Mir Irtiqa Farooq | Dr. Dheeraj Chhillar | Mudasir Ahmed Muttoo "Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Mosquito Species Classification using Wingbeat Analysis: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81085.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81085/hybrid-machine-learning-approach-for-mosquito-species-classification-using-wingbeat-analysis-a-review/mir-irtiqa-farooq

Global public health continues to face substantial obstacles from mosquito borne diseases, making precise and effective techniques for mosquito species identification necessary. We present a unique method in this article called Mosquito Species Classification through Wingbeat Analysis A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach, which uses wingbeat analysis and deep learning techniques to classify mosquito species. Our approach leverages Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs as the core model to provide robust and dependable classification performance. We make use of an extensive dataset that includes wingbeat recordings from many species of mosquitoes and apply comprehensive pre processing and feature engineering techniques to enhance the models effectiveness. Specifically, we extract and combine features such as zero crossing rate ZCR , root mean square energy RMSE , mel frequency cepstral coefficients MFCC , as well as augmented features derived from audio transformations like add noise, shifting, pitching, and stretching. This combination of handcrafted and augmented features helps to enrich the training data and improve the generalizability of the model. After thorough testing and evaluation, we demonstrate that our CNN based method achieves superior performance in accurately classifying various mosquito species. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learning methods, particularly CNNs, to surpass conventional classification techniques in species identification tasks. Additionally, we highlight the critical role of accurate species classification in vector surveillance and epidemiological research, emphasizing the broader impact of our work on ecological studies and disease control strategies. Mir Irtiqa Farooq | Dr. Dheeraj Chhillar | Mudasir Ahmed Muttoo "Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Mosquito Species Classification using Wingbeat Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81086.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/81086/hybrid-machine-learning-approach-for-mosquito-species-classification-using-wingbeat-analysis/mir-irtiqa-farooq

Specifically, this research examines the role of smart contracts in supply chain management using three aspects of improvement, namely transparency, efficiency, and security. Smart contracts based on the block chain and IoT allow instant and secure contracts execution between participants, tracking, efficient work, and small administrative burden. The paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses and assesses the effect of smart contracts assessing some sample benefits and challenges which include quality assurance, real time product tracing, payment, and compliance. Technologies involved include IoT sensors where environmental conditions along the product’s supply chain are continuously recorded, block chain for enhancing the credibility of recorded data to all stakeholders. A comparison of smart contract compatibility across different ecosystems and possibilities of integrating decentralized finance DeFi defines the possibilities of their application in supply chains. According to the contingency aspects, smart contracts will embrace payments and dynamic pricing where information can be stipulated to make prompt and clear payment. The future work is as follows increasing the compatibility between different block chains, integrating the compliance with the laws, incorporating early warning systems forecasting the supply chain failures into the program. This research advances the literature on block chain solutions and underscores the appropriateness of smart contracts to solve key supply chain issues while suggesting possibilities for the diffusion of the technology. The paper’s insights point to how smart contract technology and the application of IoT and block chain to supply chain management provide great potential for organizations to transform and enhance operational reliability and supply chain stakeholders’ confidence within an increasingly globalizing area. Lavish Rajdev | Mudasir Ahmed Muttoo "Blockchain Technology: Transforming Supply Chain Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-3 , June 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81088.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/81088/blockchain-technology-transforming-supply-chain-management/lavish-rajdev