The future of banking in Nigeria is poised for significant transformation which is pointing towards a decentralized, AI enhanced, and highly inclusive system that leverages technology, evolving market demands, regulatory reforms, and policy to reshape the way Nigerians interact with financial services. Some key developments include the rise of mobile first banking, the emergence of fintech powered super apps, and the growing adoption of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and cybersecurity solutions. Regulatory reforms, such as the introduction of open banking guidelines and domestic payment systems like AfriGo and the eNaira, signal a shift toward a more inclusive, data driven financial ecosystem. In the paper, we look at the prospects, challenges, and the benefits of the future of banking in Nigeria. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "The Future of Banking in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97465.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97465/the-future-of-banking-in-nigeria/paul-a-adekunte

This article examines the origins of the concept of village, which has its own natural, territorial, socioeconomic, political, spiritual, and cultural roots. It also examines how it has changed in response to peoples work activities, lifestyles, and ways of thinking, stages of historical development, and the nature of production. Ch. H. Temirova "Rural History Studies Issues in Research" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97490.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/97490/rural-history-studies-issues-in-research/ch-h-temirova

This paper first outlines the background and research significance of Cryptocurrency Crime. It then proceeds to analyze various types of such crimes and illustrates their main forms and the Law Enforcement situation in the United States using specific case studies. The paper further examines the challenges confronting the United States across technology, law, Law Enforcement, and International Cooperation, subsequently outlining its primary response strategies. Finally, recommendations are proposed for China, focusing on four key areas Regulatory Framework, Judicial Practice, Technical Means, and International Cooperation. The paper concludes by anticipating future directions for Cryptocurrency Crime Governance. Yang Yuqi | Wu Tianlong | Zhang Han | Xie Bowen "A Study of Cryptocurrency Crime Governance in the United States and Chinas Regulatory Path" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97433.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/international-economics/97433/a-study-of-cryptocurrency-crime-governance-in-the-united-states-and-chinas-regulatory-path/yang-yuqi

Apasmara is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder described in Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka1 describes Apasmara as the condition associated with physical symptoms such as bibhatsa cheshta alarming movements, the involuntary movements during the seizures and psychological symptoms like smriti buddhi samplava loss perversion of memory and cognition and tamah pravesh temporary loss of consciousness . Epilepsy can be correlated to Apasmara, described in the classics of Ayurveda as the transient appearance of unconsciousness with loathsome expression due to derangement of memory, intelligence, and mind. In this article an attempt is made to collect the details of Bhasma used in Apasmara according to Rasa Tarangini and to analyze the mode of action of these individual bhasmas. Dr. Simmi Faraz | Dr. Usha. M "A Critical Review on the Efficacy of Bhasmas in Apasmara w.s.r to Rasa Tarangini" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97479.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97479/a-critical-review-on-the-efficacy-of-bhasmas-in-apasmara-wsr-to-rasa-tarangini/dr-simmi-faraz

The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive guide for Computer System Validation CSV for the life sciences industry. Computerized System Validation CSV is a fundamental practice in the regulated life science industry, serving as the backbone for maintaining product quality, patient safety, and data integrity in an era of global digitalization. The traditional, resource intensive box tickling approach to CSV struggles to keep pace with the increasing complexity of modern computer systems, evolving regulatory landscapes, and the constraints of time and budget. This review explores the transition to a more strategic, risk based approach to CSV, which prioritizes validation activities based on their potential impact on GxP regulated processes. The internationally recognized GAMP 5 framework is presented as a cornerstone of this methodology, providing a systematic approach to categorize software and tailor validation activities accordingly. Also, this review article outlines the purpose of CSV, the challenges it faces, and the specific types of GxP regulated systems subject to validation. It further details the phases of a risk based CSV lifecycle, from initial GxP impact and supplier assessments to change control, emphasizing the shift from extensive, redundant testing towards a more focused, critical thinking based effort. Ultimately, adopting a risk based approach enhances efficiency, reduces the burden of documentation, and reinforces data integrity and regulatory compliance. Kirankumar Patel "Risk-Based Approach to Computerized System Validation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97461.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97461/riskbased-approach-to-computerized-system-validation/kirankumar-patel

Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss 2006 dramatizes the entanglement of personal alienation with collective histories of dispossession. Set primarily in Kalimpong during the turbulence of the Gorkhaland agitation of the 1980s, the novel foregrounds the fractured lives of characters who struggle to negotiate identity, belonging, and displacement across geographies and cultural contexts. This article interrogates the motif of alienation in Desai’s narrative, situating it within postcolonial theoretical debates and the socio historical landscape of northern West Bengal. By analysing the trajectories of Sai, Jemubhai, Biju, and Gyan, the discussion illuminates how colonial legacies, globalization, and ethnic nationalism shape both psychic estrangement and quests for community. The article contends that Desai destabilizes romanticized notions of home, instead presenting belonging as contingent, fractured, and relational. Sangay Tenzin "A Longing to Belong: Home and Alienation in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97439.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97439/a-longing-to-belong-home-and-alienation-in-kiran-desai’s-the-inheritance-of-loss/sangay-tenzin

Introduction Children comprise one third of our population and all of our future and their health is our foundation. Conclusion The study concludes that the use of teaching programs in primary school teachers is effective intervention for improving the knowledge regarding first aid management of epilepsy. Nutan Verma | Dr. Shashi Kiran "A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding First Aid Management of Epilepsy among Teachers of Selected Primary Schools of District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97502.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97502/a-quasi-experimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-program-on-knowledge-regarding-first-aid-management-of-epilepsy-among-teachers-of-selected-primary-schools-of-district-shimla-himachal-pradesh/nutan-verma

Caregiving for children with physical disabilities imposes significant emotional and physical demands, creating a high risk environment for compassion fatigue CF , a condition characterized by the erosion of empathy and emotional resilience due to prolonged exposure to suffering. The situation is particularly acute in Sub Saharan Africa and Kenya, where systemic challenges and limited support resources exacerbate caregiver vulnerability. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of compassion fatigue among caregivers of children with physical disabilities attending selected rehabilitation clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quantitative cross sectional design was employed, with data collected from 150 caregivers recruited through a census of all eligible caregivers from two major rehabilitation centers, including The Association for the Physically Disabled of Kenya APDK and the Cerebral Palsy Society of Kenya CPSK . Compassion fatigue was assessed using the Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress subscales of the Professional Quality of Life Scale ProQOL . Analysis revealed an overwhelming prevalence rate of 89.3 n=134 , with 96.0 of caregivers experiencing moderate burnout and 92.0 experiencing moderate secondary traumatic stress STS . These findings indicate an extreme level of psychological distress among this caregiver population. The study concludes that there is an urgent and critical need for targeted mental health support interventions and policies designed to mitigate compassion fatigue and build resilience among these essential caregivers in Nairobi County. Sarah Mercy Malaki-Otieno | Stephen Ngari Ndegwa | Kennedy Ondiba Ongaro "The Prevalence of Compassion Fatigue Among Caregivers of Children with Physical Disabilities in Selected Rehabilitation Clinics, Nairobi County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97442.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97442/the-prevalence-of-compassion-fatigue-among-caregivers-of-children-with-physical-disabilities-in-selected-rehabilitation-clinics-nairobi-county-kenya/sarah-mercy-malakiotieno

Through a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2025, this study investigates the thematic development and evolution of research on sustainability and managerial strategies over the previous 20 years. The results show that research leadership has shifted significantly geographically, with Asian economies—especially China and India—becoming the main contributors in recent years, while Western countries like the United States and the United Kingdom dominated early contributions. The balance between theoretical frameworks and practical approaches is reflected in the analysiss identification of distinct thematic clusters, such as corporate governance and sustainability reporting, sustainable supply chains and operational strategies, and green innovation and circular economy practices. The fields intellectual framework has been shaped by influential writers, especially those from China, and keyword research reveals how digitalization, AI, and green innovation are increasingly being incorporated into sustainability studies. The findings show that, thanks to interdisciplinary cooperation, technological advancement, and international policy imperatives, sustainability has evolved from a side issue to a crucial part of corporate strategy. There are still gaps, though, in areas like reporting on biodiversity, disclosure pertaining to governance, and the function of intangible resources like spiritual capital. All things considered, the study advances knowledge of how managerial approaches are being rethought to incorporate sustainability into corporate operations across the globe. Mr. Harry George | Ms. Neha Mahana | Dr. Vikas Mohan "Trends in Sustainability and Management Strategies: A Bibliometric Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97482.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97482/trends-in-sustainability-and-management-strategies-a-bibliometric-review/mr-harry-george

In the bustling realm of modern business, logistics stands as the backbone, orchestrating the flow of goods from point A to point B. As we advance through the digital age, the traditional logistics systems are rapidly evolving into “smart logistics.” Smart logistics forms one of the fundamental pillar of the fourth industrial revolution “industry 4.0.” It refers to the use of advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of logistics and supply chain operations. It encompasses all processes, from sourcing raw materials, warehousing, transportation, distribution, to final delivery of goods to customers. Smart logistics positions businesses at the forefront of industry advancements, propelling them into a new era of success. Smart logistics means less waste, fewer errors, and better service, making it a core part of logistics management today. This paper introduces the meaning of smart logistics and provides real world applications driving its adoption. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Logistics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97425.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97425/smart-logistics/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study investigated how digitalization and social media influenced the value formation and corruption propensity of law students in the Philippines. We utilized a convergent parallel mixed methods design, quantitatively assessing students digital engagement, their perceived digital influence on values, and their value profiles using selected Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao PUP subscales and corruption propensity via adapted scenarios . Simultaneously, we gathered qualitative data through focus group discussions and interviews, exploring nuanced perceptions of online narratives regarding integrity and corruption. Findings indicated that while digitalization offered opportunities for positive influence by raising awareness of social issues, exposure to normalized corrupt practices online contributed to a heightened sense of cynicism and a subtle increase in students conformity to unethical norms. This pervasive digital environment, in which many corrupt acts appeared to go unpunished, appeared to weaken the students Pagkamapunahin criticalness and Lakas ng Loob guts daring , thereby elevating their corruption propensity. The research provides actionable recommendations for integrating digital ethics and critical media literacy into legal education to foster ethically resilient legal professionals. Atty. Emily C. Sison-Acompanado "Investigating the Influence of Digitalization and Social Media on the Value Formation and Corruption Propensity of Law Students in the Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97423.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97423/investigating-the-influence-of-digitalization-and-social-media-on-the-value-formation-and-corruption-propensity-of-law-students-in-the-philippines/atty-emily-c-sisonacompanado

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Medical Things IoMT has transformed healthcare by enabling real time monitoring, remote diagnostics, and data driven treatment. However, this innovation also introduces profound cybersecurity risks, where vulnerabilities in connected devices can threaten both patient safety and system integrity. This paper examines the evolving threat landscape and explores how artificial intelligence, blockchain, and emerging technologies such as quantum resistant cryptography, digital twins, and Zero Trust frameworks can strengthen device security. By integrating these tools, healthcare systems can move from reactive defenses to proactive, resilient ecosystems. The discussion emphasizes not only technological solutions but also regulatory gaps, ethical considerations, and the need for cross industry collaboration. Ultimately, securing connected healthcare requires more than advanced tools it demands a holistic strategy that balances innovation with trust, accountability, and patient protection in an increasingly digital environment. Raghuveer Reddy Chandanaduru Narasimha Murthy "Securing the Future of Connected Healthcare: AI, Blockchain, and Emerging Technologies in Medical Device Cybersecurity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97424.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97424/securing-the-future-of-connected-healthcare-ai-blockchain-and-emerging-technologies-in-medical-device-cybersecurity/raghuveer-reddy-chandanaduru-narasimha-murthy

Murraya koenigii L. Spreng, commonly known as the curry leaf plant, is a tropical evergreen in the Rutaceae family valued for its aromatic foliage and therapeutic potential. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its taxonomy, chemistry, biology, and uses. M. koenigii is a small tree or shrub 2–6 m tall with pinnate leaves and clusters of fragrant white flowers . Chemically, it is rich in carbazole alkaloids e.g., mahanine, koenimbine, girinimbine as well as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamins. These bioactive compounds underlie diverse pharmacological activities potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, anti diabetic and hypoglycemic effects, significant anti inflammatory and analgesic actions, and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In traditional medicine, curry leaves are used for digestive, antipyretic, and metabolic ailments, while in cuisine they flavor curries, chutneys and porridge nutritionally, the leaves supply vitamins A, B, C, calcium and iron. Horticulturally, the plant thrives in tropical subtropical climates, prefers well drained soil and ample moisture, and is propagated from fresh seeds which are recalcitrant or cuttings. Common pests include sap sucking insects and leaf feeding caterpillars. Economically, M. koenigii supports culinary spice markets and niche uses in cosmetics e.g. hair oils, soaps, perfumes and is being investigated for pharmaceutical applications. Ecologically, it contributes to agroforestry biodiversity, providing nectar for pollinators and shade in agroecosystems. This review highlights the need for further research on the plant’s cultivation optimization, pharmacological validation in clinical contexts, and sustainable use in the food and health industries. Nivedita Singh | Dharmshila Kumari "Murraya koenigii (Curry Leaf Plant): A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81094.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/81094/murraya-koenigii-curry-leaf-plant-a-comprehensive-review/nivedita-singh

Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient required for growth, differentiation, and reproduction in mammals. Its biologically active metabolite, retinoic acid RA , regulates gene expression through nuclear receptors and plays a pivotal role in reproductive physiology. Albino mice, widely used as experimental models, have provided key insights into how vitamin A influences fertility. In males, RA is indispensable for the initiation of spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic entry through the induction of the Stra8 gene. Vitamin A deficiency VAD leads to testicular degeneration, arrest of spermatogenesis, reduced sperm count and motility, and ultimately infertility effects that can be reversed with retinol or RA supplementation. In females, vitamin A is critical for ovarian function, uterine epithelial stromal identity, implantation, and embryonic development. VAD in albino mice disrupts estrous cyclicity, causes implantation failure and early embryonic resorptions, while excessive intake is teratogenic and compromises fertility despite ovulation. Thus, both deficiency and excess of vitamin A exert profound effects, indicating a narrow optimal range necessary for reproductive success. This review synthesizes available evidence on vitamin A metabolism, its mechanisms of action, and experimental findings in albino mice, highlighting its dual role as an essential factor and potential risk in reproductive health. Anjali Rani | Ashok Kumar Thakur "Role of Vitamin a in Regulating Fertility and Reproductive Functions in Albino Mice: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97418.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97418/role-of-vitamin-a-in-regulating-fertility-and-reproductive-functions-in-albino-mice-a-comprehensive-review/anjali-rani

Employee performance is vital for the success of deposit money banks, influencing productivity, customer satisfaction, and overall growth. In Ogun State, Nigeria, banks have introduced various initiatives, including training programs and performance evaluations, aimed at improving employee performance. However, these efforts have often been inadequate, as indicated by a decline in employee performance levels. This may be attributed to ineffective human resource development HRD strategies. Factors such as insufficient training, limited career advancement opportunities, and lack of motivational practices could be contributing to this issue. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of HRD strategies on employee performance in selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, to identify shortcomings and develop more effective methods for cultivating a skilled, motivated, and high performing workforce. The study adopted survey research design. The population of study consist of 2,012 top, middle, and low level management of the five selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. A sample size of 418 was determined using researcher’s advisors sampling table, and data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value raged from 0.735 to 0.820. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. A response rate of 99.8 was recorded. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 27. The results from the study revealed that human resource development strategies had significant effect on employee performance of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria Adj.R2 = 0.323 F 3, 392 = 62.313 p 0.05 . The study concluded that human resource development strategies influenced employee performance of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study recommended that management of deposit money banks should focus on designing and implementing effective human resource development programs to enhance employee performance. These programs should include career planning, career development opportunities, employee training and development. Lawal, Lateef Olaoluwa | Egbuta, Olive Ugadiya | Esator, Goodluck Onyemuchechukwu "Human Resource Development Strategies and Employee Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Ogun State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97426.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/97426/human-resource-development-strategies-and-employee-performance-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-ogun-state-nigeria/lawal-lateef-olaoluwa

The article discusses the reforms in the field of training managerial personnel in the period after the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence, the policy implemented by the state in terms of the formation of the intelligentsia, as well as the implementation of this policy in the southern regions of our Republic based on normative acts and archival documents. Tasheva Shakhnoza Uzakovna "The Policy of Training Managerial Personnel in the Southernmost Region of Uzbekistan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97427/the-policy-of-training-managerial-personnel-in-the-southernmost-region-of-uzbekistan/tasheva-shakhnoza-uzakovna

This study presents a hybrid alternating current direct current microgrid to minimize grid conversions. Hybrid grid multi directional converters interlink AC and DC networks. DC and AC networks interconnect sources and loads. Energy storage systems may use either direct current DC or alternating current AC networks. Employ connected or hybrid grids. Coordination control systems enable the transmission of alternating and direct current energy while maintaining stable operation under fluctuating generation and load situations. Wind, sun radiation, temperature, and load fluctuate abruptly. Essential hybrid grid simulation with MATLAB Simulink. The simulation illustrates that coordination control may preserve grid stability across different operating modes. Rohit Prakash Nemade | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Enhancement of Grid Stability in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids with Coordinated Control Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97454.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97454/enhancement-of-grid-stability-in-hybrid-acdc-microgrids-with-coordinated-control-strategies/rohit-prakash-nemade

Pemphigus vulgaris PV is an uncommon intraepidermal blistering disorder. The mean age of onset is between 40 and 60 years, and the incidence is 2.83 per million population worldwide. The oral mucosa is first affected later developed to skin involvement in the course of illness. It is commonly known that immunological and genetic factors affect the onset of PV. However, the illness may be brought on by or affected by external variables drugs, food, viruses, etc. . The diagnosis requires a biopsy of the perilesional tissue along with histological and immunostaining analyses. Nikolsky’s sign is an important clinical diagnostic criteria. First line treatment involves systemic corticosteroids, often at 1 mg kg day, combined with steroid sparing agents such as azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. In refractory or severe cases, rituximab, IVIG, plasmapheresis, or immunoadsorption are effective adjuncts. With these advances, mortality has dropped from over 60–90 to approximately 5–15 . Continuing research into B cell–targeted biologics and optimized immunomodulatory regimens aims to enhance long term remission and reduce treatment related morbidity. Jeevitha M | Ramya G K | Pradesh C | Srinivasan A "An Overview of Pemphigus Vulgaris: From Clinical Presentation to Therapeutic Advances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97416.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacy-practice/97416/an-overview-of-pemphigus-vulgaris-from-clinical-presentation-to-therapeutic-advances/jeevitha-m

According to Ayurveda, Tridosha, Saptadhatu, Trimal are fundamental factors of the body. 1 Ayurveda is a science that deals with both the therapeutic and preventive aspects of human health . Dosha Dushya Sammurchchhana is important in the aetiology of disease that are of major relevance in both the therapeutic and preventive aspects. Vyadhiutpatti has been considered as the process of disease manifestation. It consists of consecutive stage of pathogenesis resulting into disease. Knowledge of Khavaigunya explains how the vitiated Doshas stagnates in a particular part of the body to produce disease, leaving aside other part of the body. Here the present study is the review of our classical Ayurveda text that includes concept of Shatkriyakala, detailed explanation of Strotodushti and its types, explanation of Khavaigunya and Dosha Dushya Samurchchhna in the manifestation of disease. Dr. Priyanka Sontakke | Dr. Mohsin Bhavadu Girase | Dr. Swapnil Bhimrao Zimare "Role of Dosha-Dushya Sammurchchhana in the Manifestation of Disease" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97457.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97457/role-of-doshadushya-sammurchchhana-in-the-manifestation-of-disease/dr-priyanka-sontakke

A smart workplace uses technology, such as artificial intelligence, Internet of things IoT , and connected systems, to optimize building processes, enhance employee productivity, and create a more efficient, seamless, and sustainable work environment. It heavily integrates technology and systems to streamline processes and team collaboration. It allows employees to be more productive, collaborate, and experience greater job satisfaction, regardless of whether they are working in the office or remotely. The goal is to provide frictionless experiences for employees, allowing them to focus on tasks and empowering them to work effectively from any space. This paper provides the basics for a smart workplace. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97428.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97428/smart-workplace/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Narrative ability is one of the unique skills humans possess and use continuously. Explaining where you were, where you are, and where you will be is a common activity that becomes particularly noticeable when others lack well developed narrative skills. Considering human complexity, narrative ability often relies on other skills such as self regulation, working memory, expressive and receptive language, and parents’ perceptions of children’s communicative competence. This study assessed narrative ability, self regulation, and working memory through number recall tasks , parents’ perceptions of expressive and receptive communication, and the relationship and influence of self regulation and working memory on narrative ability. Data from 205 children aged 5–7 years mean age = 6.03 from the municipalities of Prishtina and Kaçanik were collected. Results showed that ~50 of children had average narrative ability, ~35 low, and ~15 high level skills. Narrative ability was significantly related to self regulation, working memory, expressive receptive language, and parental perceptions. Granit Haliti "Narrative Ability, Self-Regulation, and Working Memory in Children Aged 5–7: A Study in Kosovo" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97417.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97417/narrative-ability-selfregulation-and-working-memory-in-children-aged-5–7-a-study-in-kosovo/granit-haliti

This study investigates the effect of varying yttrium content on the structural and optical properties of YBa2Cu3O7 d YBCO superconductors synthesized via the chemical extenuation method. Three compositions—Y1.00Ba2Cu3O7, Y0.90Ba2Cu3O7, and Y0.80Ba2Cu3O7—were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR and UV Visible UV Vis spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed that decreasing Y content resulted in Cu–O bond weakening, increased oxygen vacancies, and pronounced lattice distortions. UV Vis results indicated that all samples exhibited strong UV absorption, with reduced Y content enhancing absorbance, transmittance, and reflectance in specific regions. The optical band gap decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 Y content samples, correlating with changes in electronic structure and defect states. Optical, dielectric, and conductivity measurements confirmed that Y content tuning significantly influences charge carrier dynamics and potential superconducting performance. These findings highlight the role of yttrium concentration in tailoring YBCO properties for superconducting and optoelectronic applications. Mozdlifa Bayin Mohamed | Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo | Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed "UV–Vis and FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of YBCO Superconductors with Different Yttrium Concentrations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97434/uv–vis-and-ftir-spectroscopic-analysis-of-ybco-superconductors-with-different-yttrium-concentrations/mozdlifa-bayin-mohamed

A smart traffic management system refers to the combination of technologies and devices that together help reduce traffic congestion and improve passenger and vehicle safety. Smart traffic systems are crucial in minimizing accidents and improving overall road safety by reducing human error. They involve integrating IoT devices, sensors, and 5G networks into transportation infrastructure to enable seamless communication between vehicles, traffic signals, and road signs. The application of artificial intelligence has also elevated the performance of smart traffic systems where cameras capture images to conduct various analyses to derive actionable insights. The possibilities of what a camera enabled intelligent traffic management system can do are endless. These new age devices have helped improve passenger and pedestrian safety, reduce the number of accidents, and enhance the overall conduct of traffic management across the world. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and potential of smart traffic systems, and how they can help to revolutionize the transportation industry as a whole. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97435.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97435/smart-traffic/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Medicinal plants have served as valuable starting materials for drug development in both developing and developed countries. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity and potency of Cymbopogon citratus using ethanol, methanol and N Hexane as extraction solvents. The standard organisms for the research study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were obtained from stock cultures in the Departmental Microbiology Laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The phytochemical screening qualitative revealed the presence of Saponins, Tannin, alkaloids, phenolics, glycosides and absence of Steroids, while the results of GC FID analysis quantitative revealed high concentration of spartein 22.9010 µg ml and Cyanogenic glycoside 22.4972ppm for N Hexane extract, flavanzol 21.1844ppm , ribalinidine 42.0783µg ml , cyanogenic glycoside 22.8784ppm , phytate 25.6937µg ml , epihedrine 18.0922 µg ml , naringin 18.1835 µg ml for ethanolic extract, naringin 17.9012µg ml , flavanzol 21.1923ppm , ribalinidine 25.1726µg ml , cyanogenic glycoside 16.9569ppm , flavonones 16.3116ppm , Steroids 17.2251ppm , phytate 19.2509µg ml , epihedrine 13.1275 µg ml for methanolic extract. Agar Well diffusion technique was used for the antimicrobial activity studies which revealed 9.0mm Staphylococcus aureus at 250 mg ml and 16.4mm Escherichia coli at 250 mg ml concentration as the highest zone of inhibition for ethanolic extract with E. coli and Cryptococcus neoformans exhibiting the highest and the lowest zone of inhibition respectively at 200 mg ml of ethanolic extract. The results showed that ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with MIC value of 50 mg ml on all the test organisms. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most susceptible organisms showing sensitivity with MBC value of 250 mg ml of the ethanolic extract and Cryptococcus neoformans for methanolic extract. Hence, the high level of antibacterial efficacy exhibited by Cymbopogon citratus reaffirms its prospective use in the management of infections and also as a potential source of antimicrobial agents. It can be concluded that despite the inhibitory effects of concentrations of ethanolic extracts of this plants on the growth of pathogenic bacteria especially Gram positive, to introduce it as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial drugs, further investigation is required. Chukwuelue, Angela Odinakachukwu | Eze, H. C | Ikegwuonu Afoma Euphemia | Okonkwo Ngozi Nonyelum "Determination of Antibiotic Potency of N-Hexane, Ethanolic and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Cymbopogon Citratus on Some Selected Hospital Bacteria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/97419/determination-of-antibiotic-potency-of-nhexane-ethanolic-and-methanolic-leaf-extracts-of-cymbopogon-citratus-on-some-selected-hospital-bacteria/chukwuelue-angela-odinakachukwu

Matched trading also known as Wash Trading is a typical form of market manipulation in financial markets. It involves the use of fictitious transactions between linked accounts to create a false illusion of liquidity or price signals, severely undermining market fairness and the price discovery function. This report systematically reviews the legal definitions, behavioral patterns, contentious issues, and improvement paths of matched trading, based on both domestic and international legislative practices, key disputes, and authoritative literature. It also proposes targeted regulatory recommendations. Liu Hainan | Wu Ruohan | Zhu Siyu | Guan Zhiwei | Wang Guanlin "Legal Regulation of Matched Trades: A Research Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97393.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97393/legal-regulation-of-matched-trades-a-research-report/liu-hainan

In this article, based on an in depth analysis of diverse historical sources, examines the development of internal trade relations in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, highlighting its complex and contradictory aspects. The article provides a detailed overview of the river crossings on the Amu Darya – both trading and cargo points – their leasing, pricing policy, impact on the local population, and the negative consequences of this system for livestock farming. The article criticizes the fact that the obligatory passage through authorized crossings forced the population to cover long distances the author also condemns the artificial overpricing and poor quality of services. The article uses archival sources, including documents from the Central Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, customs reports, statistics and periodicals. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the history, economy and customs policy of the region. Gulimbetov Aryslanbay Utebaevich "Customs System of the Amudarya Division at the End of the 19th - Beginning of the 20th Century" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97436.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/97436/customs-system-of-the-amudarya-division-at-the-end-of-the-19th--beginning-of-the-20th-century/gulimbetov-aryslanbay-utebaevich

Concrete filled steel tubes represent common structural members for modern civil engineering projects such as high rise buildings under shear and axial loads. Because of excellent composite functional characteristics, the axial load carrying capacity of concrete increases due to ductility and confinement provided by the steel tube. Shear behavior is one of the most important CFSTs that ensures the integrity of members and the whole structure. The paper first provides a database including CFST shear experiments and then exploits this database to present a global review of the shear behavior of CFSTs. The paper tries to analyze the available literature on the shear behavior of CFSTs. Special attention will be paid to the circular and rectangular hollow types of CFST, which, in view of their importance, have not been given enough attention in information sources. This study examines some of the critical parameters affecting the ultimate shear strength of CFST members such as material properties, geometrical configurations, and composite action between steel tube and concrete fill. The presented research also adds to the understanding of CFST shear performance, besides providing design expressions related to the contribution of individual steel and concrete. These research outcomes contribute to the development of safe and efficient applications of CFST in structural engineering. Mohammad Awad "Behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Subjected to Shear: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97432.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97432/behaviour-of-concrete-filled-steel-tube-cfst-subjected-to-shear-a-review/mohammad-awad

This study evaluates and compares the bioactive potential of Pulicaria jaubertii extracts obtained via microwave assisted extraction MAE using two aqueous solvents distilled water DW and alkaline deionized water ADW against conventional organic solvent extracts methanol, petroleum ether . The extracts were assessed for yield, phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, anti inflammatory effects, and anticancer activity. DW MAE yielded the highest extraction efficiency 23.2 , total phenolic content 14.6 mg GAE g , and flavonoid content 9.2 mg QE g . It also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity IC50 = 38.2 µg mL , maximal inhibition of protein denaturation 28.6 , and red blood cell hemolysis protection 96.15 . Cytotoxicity assays against HepG2 and MCF 7 cell lines confirmed greater potency of aqueous–microwave extracts compared to organic solvent counterparts. GC–MS analysis revealed higher levels of neophytadiene, hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, and oxygenated diterpenes in the DW extract. Findings demonstrate that dual aqueous MAE protocols offer a safe, eco friendly, and effective alternative for producing anti inflammatory and anticancer phytoconstituents from P. jaubertii. Entesar Saleh Shaif Moqbel | Dr. Ravi Pradhan "Comparative Evaluation of Aqueous-Microwave and Organic Solvent Extracts of Pulicaria Jaubertii" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97365.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/97365/comparative-evaluation-of-aqueousmicrowave-and-organic-solvent-extracts-of-pulicaria-jaubertii/entesar-saleh-shaif-moqbel

Compressed Natural Gas CNG is mainly comprises of methane and is produced by compressing natural gas to less than 1 of its original volume, making it suitable for transportation and other applications. However, fears arise regarding the natural gas infrastructure such as compressor stations’ emissions in the host communities, which can release Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs , Nitrogen Oxides NOx , and other pollutants that can affect human health negatively and lead to ozone formation, especially for nearby communities. This research aims to monitor the presence of methane gas in the atmosphere with concentration measuring in Parts Per Million ppm . The proposed system collects data from methane gas sensor MQ 4. Data collected from this sensor are uploaded to the server via ESP 32 Wi Fi module. By employing ThingSpeak server, an open source Internet of Things IoT platform, data can be monitored by the appropriate authority at any time with the aid of internet browser. ThingSpeak generates a unique channel identity, which could be used in ThingShow App so that user can monitor and visualize the concentration of methane gas when required through mobile devices. This research therefore not only proof the remote and real time data access but also provides a broader applications of atmospheric monitoring in environmental protection and scientific research. Kaosoluchukwu Stanislaus Ogbuokebe | Frederick Alapa | Blessing Baryat Omowumi | Oluwatosin S. Aremo | George Echiye Okpanachi "Remote Monitoring of Natural Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations using ThingSpeak Platform" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97459.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97459/remote-monitoring-of-natural-gas-pipeline-compressor-stations-using-thingspeak-platform/kaosoluchukwu-stanislaus-ogbuokebe

In Manipur, a small state of India on the North East bordering Myanmar, the women here were placed in high esteem and given the status symbol of Mother or “Ema”. Like in other parts of the world and India, women empowerment in this small state has fast emerged as a slogan and issue especially after its gaining of statehood in 1972. Empowerment of women recognizing their contribution, helping them to fight their fear, feeling out inadequacy and inferiority and promoting self respect and self dignity, to make them economically independent and self reliant, reducing the burden of work primarily, especially at the homefront. Women were on par with males in all areas of life during the Vedic era of Indian history, and they were the pinnacle of intellectual and spiritual achievement because they had access to learning. Women have a highly distinct role in many facets of culture, literature, economy and religion in this mountainous area of India’s easternmost corner, in contrast to other South East Asian countries. Feminism was definitely present in traditional Manipuri culture, where women were encouraged to be economically independent and to contribute to the development of social and political collective energies. Maibam Donna Devi "Status of Women in Manipur after Statehood" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97460.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97460/status-of-women-in-manipur-after-statehood/maibam-donna-devi

In recent years, China has witnessed rapid urbanization and a significant growth in the urban population. According to the data from the Seventh National Population Census, the permanent urban population in China has exceeded 900 million. With the continuous expansion of urban scale, the functional requirements of urban communities have become increasingly diversified. However, many traditional community service facilities suffer from irrational layout, leading to problems such as massive resource waste and inability to meet the living needs of residents. This paper focuses on the embedded elderly care services in urban communities and explores the core role of digital empowerment in the innovation of service models. Yu Sha Xin | Zhang Yu Qi | Zhou Liu Yi | Sa Ru Le "Innovation and Practice of Digital-Enabled Embedded Elderly Care Service Model in Urban Communities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97452/innovation-and-practice-of-digitalenabled-embedded-elderly-care-service-model-in-urban-communities/yu-sha-xin

In recent years, China has witnessed rapid urbanization and a significant growth in the urban population. According to the data from the Seventh National Population Census, the permanent urban population in China has exceeded 900 million. With the continuous expansion of urban scale, the functional requirements of urban communities have become increasingly diversified. However, many traditional community service facilities suffer from irrational layout, leading to problems such as massive resource waste and inability to meet the living needs of residents. This paper focuses on the embedded elderly care services in urban communities and explores the core role of digital empowerment in the innovation of service models. Yu Sha Xin | Zhang Yu Qi | Zhou Liu Yi | Sa Ru Le "Innovation and Practice of Digital-Enabled Embedded Elderly Care Service Model in Urban Communities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97452/innovation-and-practice-of-digitalenabled-embedded-elderly-care-service-model-in-urban-communities/yu-sha-xin

This research paper examines the international marketing performance of Chhattisgarhs business ecosystem, analyzing export trends, industrial growth, and global market penetration strategies. The study reveals that Chhattisgarh has demonstrated remarkable export growth with an 11 fold increase in export value from 1,480.15 crores in 2004 05 to 16,209 crores in FY25, achieving an average CAGR of 10.14 . The states strategic positioning as Indias mineral hub, coupled with progressive industrial policies and infrastructure development, has enabled successful international market penetration across sectors including steel, mining, agriculture, and manufacturing. Miss Pooja Khandelwal | Mr. Abhishek Vaishnav "International Marketing - Performance of Chhattisgarhs Business: A Comprehensive Research Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97438.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/97438/international-marketing--performance-of-chhattisgarhs-business-a-comprehensive-research-analysis/miss-pooja-khandelwal

Smart infrastructure refers to the integration of advanced technology, data analytics, and connectivity into various components of physical infrastructure to improve efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. It consists of a system capable of monitoring, measuring, analyzing, communicating, and acting based on data collected from specific sensors. These data are utilized to enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of both the infrastructures and the entire city. Smart infrastructure systems can monitor, analyze, and act based on collected data. This information can then be used to make better decisions about how to allocate resources, maintain assets, and respond to disruptions. Smart infrastructure will revolutionize how infrastructure is delivered, managed, and automatically controlled. This paper explores the essential components and key benefits of smart infrastructure. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Infrastructure" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97462.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97462/smart-infrastructure/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The concept of “Ten Commandments of Parenting” is adapted from the Ten Commandments, to actually serve as guidance or guidelines that help parents in their roles and responsibilities. While there is not a single, universally accepted version, there are various interpretations that offer valuable insights. Christian parents are well known of asking questions about parenting, seeking for specific and practical advice for rearing their children in the best ways. It therefore follows that most couple understand their general parental responsibilities, but often will speak of the need for help in specifically framing their biblical commitments to optimally shepherd and train their children. In parenting the children as parents or even grandparents, the “ten commandments” from God’s Word are sure to benefit you, your family, and your church. This paper looks at the “Ten Commandments to Parenting” holistically and the benefits to the children, parents, church, and the society in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Ten Commandments of Parenting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97467.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97467/ten-commandments-of-parenting/paul-a-adekunte

Robotic process automation RPA is the process of using robotic software technology to automate digital tasks and replace manual processes with digital best practices. It includes any software tool or utility that replaces repetitive, labor intensive tasks with an automated process. It is a relatively new software technology used for automating high volume and mundane business processes. RPA is transforming government operations by streamlining time consuming tasks and improving service delivery. It is used in government sector for several reasons, including its ability to automate mundane and repetitive tasks, reduce costs, and free up human labor for more strategic duty. Examples abound of the technology being used at the global, federal, state, and local levels. The purpose of this paper is to explain the adoption of robotic process automation RPA in the government sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotic Process Automation in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97463.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97463/robotic-process-automation-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Smart governance is one dimension of smart cities. It is the process of utilizing modern technologies and ICT to create a collaborative, communication based, transparent, and sustainable environment for the citizens and government. It may be regarded as a powerful political instrument to enhance the quality of public decision making. It is a strong enabler for building smart cities and nations. With smart governance, democracies around the globe are set to improve their education, security, transport, resource management, and economic infrastructure. The ultimate goal of smart governance is to use technology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations. This approach takes into account various social, economic, political, and cultural factors. The concept of smart governance is gaining attention among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners around the world. This paper explores the development of smart governance in building smart cities and nations. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Governance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97464.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97464/smart-governance/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Amid the globalized digital era, short video marketing has become core for Chinese wine e commerce going overseas, yet it faces challenges like cultural mismatch, fierce traffic competition and weak data driven capability. This study explores AI enabled short video breakthrough paths for these e commerce firms. It reveals AI’s internal logic resolving information asymmetry via data insight content production precise distribution effect feedback . Supported by five key technologies e.g., user profiling, intelligent content generation , AI boosts marketing efficiency through customized content, cross cultural communication, precise user reach and full link optimization. The study provides theoretical and practical guidance for Chinese wine e commerce to enhance global competitiveness. Wei Yao | Zhang Yi Hui "Research on the Short Video Path of AI Empowering Chinese Wine e-commerce to go Overseas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97440.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97440/research-on-the-short-video-path-of-ai-empowering-chinese-wine-ecommerce-to-go-overseas/wei-yao

The Internet of things IoT is the networking of devices such as embedded sensors, actuators, and various other devices that have the capability to collect and transmit data over a network. IoT revolution represents a paradigm shift in the way devices and objects are connected and communicate with each other over the Internet. IoT technologies offer governments the ability to monitor and manage infrastructure, healthcare, transportation, and public safety in real time, leading to more responsive and effective public administration. As governments embrace the potential of IoT, they have the opportunity to create smart cities and deliver innovative services that address the evolving needs of their constituents. The paper explores the integration of Internet of things IoT technologies within government institutions. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97466.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97466/internet-of-things-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Rapid rural urban migration in Nigeria has intensified population pressure on urban infrastructure, particularly in major cities like Enugu and Onitsha. This study investigates sustainable approaches to managing infrastructural challenges arising from such demographic moves. Specifically, it examines the impact of population pressure on physical and social infrastructure, evaluates governmental responses over the years, and proposes practical, long term solutions for infrastructural resilience. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining survey and documentary research designs. Data were collected from 385 purposively selected residents through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained via interviews with key stakeholders, including urban planning and waste management agencies. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 28 , and thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Findings indicate that population pressure has significantly strained housing, transportation, waste management systems, water supply infrastructure, healthcare facilities, urban environment, and public utilities and social services in both cities. It was also revealed that successive governments have implemented policies and interventions to address the challenges of population pressure in Enugu and Onitsha metropolis over the years. The study underscores the need for sustainable urban planning, improved inter agency coordination, government and private sector partnerships and investment in infrastructure to enhance urban flexibility. The study was anchored on Stouffer’s Theory of Intervening Opportunities, offering a framework for understanding migration driven urban challenges and planning responses. Okegbe, Onyinyechukwu | Ogbuene, Anthony C. "Rural-Urban Migration and Population Pressure in Cosmopolitan Nigerian Cities: The Challenges of Infrastructural Development in Enugu and Onitsha Metropolis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97483.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97483/ruralurban-migration-and-population-pressure-in-cosmopolitan-nigerian-cities-the-challenges-of-infrastructural-development-in-enugu-and-onitsha-metropolis/okegbe-onyinyechukwu

As the core technical carrier of intelligent logistics, the practical application of unmanned logistics vehicles improves transportation efficiency while triggering tort liability is sues. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on the technical characteristics of unmanned logistics vehicles and the division of tort liability subjects. The current legal framework has de ficiencies in aspects such as liability subjects, imputation principles, and exemption grounds, leading to problems in judicial practice such as unbalanced liability allocation and difficulties in determining causation. Through questionnaire surveys, on site investigations, and other methods, based on the collected data, this paper proposes suggestions including establishing multi party liability subjects and clarifying the legal status of unmanned logistics vehicles. It is hoped to provide assistance for the legal development of unmanned logistics vehicles, pro mote the healthy and sustainable development of the intelligent logistics industry, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both parties involved in liability. Yu Ze Yu | Liu Yu Tong | Qin Ran | Li Ruo Han | Luan Min Zhu "Research on Civil Liability for Torts of Unmanned Logistics Vehicles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97456.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97456/research-on-civil-liability-for-torts-of-unmanned-logistics-vehicles/yu-ze-yu

Against the backdrop of the growing popularity of online social interaction, meme playing has emerged as a prevalent online behavior, and the issue of its boundary with online defamation has gradually become prominent. This study focuses on the youth group as the main research object. By collecting typical cases from 2021 to 2023, conducting a questionnaire survey among young people aged 18 22, and combining interdisciplinary analysis from linguistics and law, it explores the boundary between meme playing and online defamation. The research finds that the youth group has a certain awareness of meme playing behaviors that obviously cross the line. However, due to factors such as group conformity, there are still cases where they participate in such behaviors even though they know it may be an infringement. The boundary of meme playing is not only related to legal provisions but also closely linked to factors such as social psychology, the intimacy of social relationships, the degree of public exposure of the occasion, and technological development. This study aims to clarify the boundary of meme playing and provide theoretical and practical references for guiding the youth group to standardize their online behaviors and maintain the order of the online space. Hou Rudan "Be Cautious with "Meme-playing": The Boundary of Online Defamation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97474.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/97474/be-cautious-with-memeplaying-the-boundary-of-online-defamation/hou-rudan

Ageing is a process which occurs naturally in human life cycle. It is the decline in capacity of the functioning of the organs of the human body. However, they constitute a reservoir of human resource, gifted with knowledge, deep inside and varied experiences. The population of the aged has been increasing over the years. Their rights are being encroached upon each day and protection of them comes naturally to balance the human rights scale. They are most vulnerable class of our society. The research design adopted for the study was experimental with one group pre test, post test design. The present study carried out on 40 old age 60 80yrs selected by the convenient sampling technique from selected rural area Kullu. The tool developed and used for data collection were structured questionnaire and pre test, structured teaching programme, post test. validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of community health nursing. After obtaining formal permission from concerned authority to collect needed data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The paired t test results indicate a significant improvement in knowledge scores from the pre test to the post test. The mean pre test score was 11.68 SD = 5.484 , representing 38.90 with a range of 4 to 24. The mean post test score increased to 18.85 SD = 5.536 , representing 62.80 with a range of 5 to 28. The mean difference between pre test and post test scores was 7.170, and the paired t test result was 6.931 with a p value 0.001. This significant p value less than the threshold of 0.05 confirms that the improvement in knowledge scores is statistically significant. Pawana Kumari "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on Rights of Senior Citizens (60-80 Years) Living in Selected Rural Area of Mohal, Kullu (HP)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97437.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97437/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-stp-on-rights-of-senior-citizens-6080-years-living-in-selected-rural-area-of-mohal-kullu-hp/pawana-kumari

Climate change demands tools that promote individual responsibility in reducing carbon emissions. EcoEdge is a smart mobile application designed to help users track and manage their personal carbon footprint based on everyday activities such as travel, food choices, and shopping. Unlike sensor based systems, EcoEdge uses a manual input method, making it lightweight and accessible. The app is powered by Firebase for real time authentication and data storage, ensuring user security and consistent access. It provides visual feedback through graphs and personalized suggestions, encouraging users to adopt more sustainable habits. A study conducted among college students showed increased environmental awareness and behavior change after using the app. By combining simplicity with meaningful feedback, EcoEdge offers a scalable and impactful approach to promoting eco friendly lifestyles through digital technology. Pradeepa | Sampath Kumar | Dr. Srilatha Y "EcoEdge: A Smart Carbon Footprint Tracking App using Firebase and Real-Time User Feedback" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97485.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97485/ecoedge-a-smart-carbon-footprint-tracking-app-using-firebase-and-realtime-user-feedback/pradeepa

Green nanotechnology represents a paradigm shift toward environmentally sustainable approaches in nanomaterial synthesis, processing, and application. This comprehensive review examines the current state of green nanotechnology, focusing on eco friendly synthesis methods, environmental applications, and sustainability metrics. We analyze bio inspired synthesis routes, renewable energy applications, water treatment technologies, and environmental remediation strategies enabled by green nanomaterials. The paper discusses the integration of life cycle assessment LCA methodologies in nanotechnology development and addresses current challenges including scalability, cost effectiveness, and regulatory frameworks. Our findings indicate that green nanotechnology offers significant potential for addressing global environmental challenges while minimizing ecological footprint. Future research directions emphasize the need for standardized assessment protocols, improved synthesis efficiency, and comprehensive toxicological studies to ensure safe and sustainable nanotechnology deployment. Suhas Subramani | Dr. Srilatha Y "Green Nanotechnology: Sustainable Synthesis, Environmental Applications, and Future Perspectives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97486.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/97486/green-nanotechnology-sustainable-synthesis-environmental-applications-and-future-perspectives/suhas-subramani

The Octopus Massager is a soft, silicone based automatic massager designed to mimic the effect of human fingers using vibrating tentacles and servo motor driven movements. The aim is to provide a hands free massage experience that is compact, skin adhering, and user friendly. The design is inspired by an octopus, where each tentacle serves as a massaging arm, simulating kneading and vibration motions. The design uses a combination of servo motors, vibration motors, and an Arduino based control system. This is built using 6 servo motors for tentacle motion and coin vibration motors for vibration effect. An Arduino microcontroller manages the input from the control button and drives the two operating modes gentle and intense massage. The button changes between these modes, altering motor speed and vibration intensity. A breadboard is used for interconnecting the components. Thaarmika Shree. S | Manasa. J | Farah Ibreez. Z | Deepthi. N | Dr. Srilatha. Y "An Octopus Modelled Massager Mimicking Human Finger Movements using Embedded Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97487.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/97487/an-octopus-modelled-massager-mimicking-human-finger-movements-using-embedded-systems/thaarmika-shree-s

Today, we all use things like smartphones, smartwatches, and other small gadgets that need power. But sometimes, it’s hard to find electricity, especially in villages or places far from cities. So, we need a way to charge our devices even without electricity.That’s why we made a solar power bank. It’s a small and easy to carry device that uses sunlight to make electricity. This electricity gets stored in a battery inside the power bank, and later we can use it to charge our phones or other devices.We used parts like A solar panel to collect sunlight A TP4056 module to safely charge the battery USB ports to connect phones And some safety parts to protect the batteryThis power bank is good for the environment because it uses sunlight instead of electricity from the grid. It also helps people who don’t always have power at home.Our project supports two big global goals Clean Energy SDG 7 – so everyone can have safe and modern energy Climate Action SDG 13 – so we can fight pollution and protect the EarthWe built the power bank, tested it, and it worked We learned a lot about how solar energy works. It shows how we can use the sun to power our everyday devices. This is a small step to help the planet and use clean energy in the future. Devesh Roy | Jigyasa Jaiswal | Dr. Srilatha. Y "Solar Based Power Banks Supporting Affordable and Clean Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97488.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97488/solar-based-power-banks-supporting-affordable-and-clean-energy/devesh-roy

In the recently concluded Manipur Legislative Election, 2022, Manipur saw a dramatic change in the electoral politics, with the success of five women candidates which is quite remarkable and significant and thus created history in the state electoral politics. Dr. Reena Laitonjam "Manipur Legislative Assembly Election, 2022: The Success of Five Women Candidates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97489.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97489/manipur-legislative-assembly-election-2022-the-success-of-five-women-candidates/dr-reena-laitonjam

Artificial intelligence AI is an emerging technology where machines are programmed to learn, reason, and perform in ways that simulate human intelligence. It has become a game changing tool in the rapidly evolving technological landscape. It has the potential to reshape the fundamental workings of governments worldwide. The use of AI in government refers to the implementation of AI in governmental affairs and the rules and regulations those officials make to legislate how private companies and individuals use it.The adoption of AI by government agencies is now widespread, covering a broad range of functions from surveillance monitoring to screening, scoring, transcription, and more. AI holds immense potential for improving government services. This paper takes an in depth look into the many ways artificial intelligence has made and continues to make an impact in government. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Idaresit U Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97622.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97622/artificial-intelligence-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study employs grounded theory methodology and ATLAS.ti software to analyze the evolution of Chinas digital economy policies 2005–2025 , using 19 central government documents. It reveals a three phase state led transformation 1 a foundational phase 2005–2015 institutionalizing e commerce and infrastructure under a “following development” approach 2 a transitional phase 2015–2020 pursuing technology driven growth through initiatives like Internet Plus and big data and 3 a maturation phase 2020–2025 prioritizing systemic governance via landmark legislation Data Security Law, Personal Information Protection Law , spatial optimization “East Data, West Computing” , and societal embeddedness Smart Cities . Key findings identify digital governance code frequency 218 as the dominant paradigm in Phase III, demonstrating China’s distinctive “regulation before innovation” model Chen, 2023 . The analysis confirms the state’s dual role as infrastructure architect persistent Policy Support codes and market enabler, culminating in an embedded governance framework where regulatory and technical implementation converge. Methodologically, this research validates grounded theory’s efficacy in decoding complex policy landscapes, offering theoretical advances in state capacity digitalization while providing practical insights for global stakeholders navigating China’s digital transformation trajectory. Tang Xianhao | Yarnaphat Shaengchart | Supakorn Suradinkura "The Evolution of Chinas Digital Economy Policy: A Grounded Theory Study Using ATLAS.ti" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97505.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97505/the-evolution-of-chinas-digital-economy-policy-a-grounded-theory-study-using-atlasti/tang-xianhao

Cybersecurity is experiencing unprecedented change as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and hyper connected devices expand the global attack surface. This paper surveys the latest trends shaping the threat landscape and evaluates defensive strategies that organizations are deploying to counter escalating risks. Drawing on recent breach statistics and case studies, the analysis highlights eight emerging threats, including AI powered attacks, supply chain vulnerabilities, and the looming challenge of post quantum cryptography, along with corresponding defensive responses such as zero trust architectures, adaptive security frameworks, and secure by design development. Persistent research gaps are identified in areas such as adversarial AI, neuromorphic hardware security, and cross border regulatory harmonization. The discussion concludes with actionable recommendations for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers, emphasizing workforce development, continuous threat exposure management, and international cooperation. By integrating technological, organizational, and policy perspectives, this study provides a comprehensive roadmap for mitigating cyber risks and safeguarding critical infrastructure in the years ahead. Saurabh P Dhole "Latest Trends and Defensive Strategies in Cybersecurity: Emerging Threats, Research Gaps, and Future Directions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97506.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/97506/latest-trends-and-defensive-strategies-in-cybersecurity-emerging-threats-research-gaps-and-future-directions/saurabh-p-dhole

Agalega Island, a remote Mauritian territory in the western Indian Ocean, has emerged as a key node in India’s evolving maritime strategy. This paper explores how India’s infrastructure development on Agalega fits into its broader foreign policy objectives, particularly within the frameworks of SAGAR Security and Growth for All in the Region and the Indo Pacific strategy. The study examines five critical dimensions the islands contribution to India’s maritime posture, its impact on India–Mauritius relations, its alignment with India’s regional doctrines, global responses to India’s presence, and the apparent transition in India’s foreign policy from soft power diplomacy to strategic assertiveness. Using a qualitative approach that draws from policy documents, official statements, strategic analysis, and media reports, this article situates Agalega within the larger geopolitical contest for influence in the Indian Ocean Region IOR . The findings suggest that while India continues to emphasise developmental diplomacy and partnership, the Agalega initiative marks a calculated shift toward enhancing maritime power projection. The paper also highlights the need for transparent engagement with regional partners and affected communities to balance strategic imperatives with diplomatic sensitivity. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Agalega Island: India’s Strategic Foothold in the Indian Ocean" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97507.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97507/agalega-island-india’s-strategic-foothold-in-the-indian-ocean/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Unmada Gajakesari Rasa1 is a classical ayurvedic herbo mineral formulation, traditionally acclaimed for its efficacy in managing mental disorders such as Unmada, Apasmara and jwara. It integrates key ingredients like parada, Gandhaka, Manahshila and dhattura bija which are processed with Vacha kwatha and Brahmi swarasa through Bhavana method for enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic potential. This formulation is particularly significant in addressing the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders in the modern era. Characterised by stress, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments. Its mode of action aligns with the principles of Ayurveda, targeting the Tridosha imbalance, specifically pacifying Vata and Kapha doshas which are primary Contributors to neuropsychiatric conditions. Modern studies correlate the therapeutic potential of Unmada Gajakesari Rasa with neuroprotective, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties aligning it with interventions for conditions like schizophrenia, epilepsy and mood disorders. Its holistic approach addresses both somatic and psychological dimensions. Dr. Amatul Khair Khutija IS | Dr. Laxmibai Kurle | Dr. Ravi R Chavan "Review of Unmada Gajakesari Rasa w.s.r to Brihat Rasaraja Sundara" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97580.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97580/review-of-unmada-gajakesari-rasa-wsr-to-brihat-rasaraja-sundara/dr-amatul-khair-khutija-is

Since gaining independence in 2011, South Sudan has pursued decentralization to bring government services closer to its citizens. E governance has been introduced as a modern tool to improve public service delivery, particularly in sectors critical to community well being such as health and physical infrastructure. Despite these efforts, many regions including Western Equatoria State continue to experience poor service delivery outcomes. This study examines the impact of e governance on service delivery in three counties—Tambura, Yambio, and Mundri West—focusing on health services and feeder roads, to understand how e governance can enhance the effectiveness of decentralized governance. This study employs a mixed methods research design combining quantitative data collection through structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. Data were collected from key stakeholders including government officials, health workers, community leaders, and residents in Tambura, Yambio, and Mundri West counties. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate relationships between e governance, decentralization, and service delivery, while thematic analysis explored contextual challenges and opportunities. The Key study findings were E governance initiatives have positively influenced transparency, accountability, and accessibility of services, particularly in health care delivery and road maintenance the degree of decentralization positively correlates with service delivery outcomes, but this relationship is significantly strengthened when supported by effective e governance systems Major barriers to e governance effectiveness include inadequate ICT infrastructure, limited technical capacity, political interference, and high corruption levels and Citizens in the study areas continue to face challenges accessing quality health services and reliable feeder roads, exacerbated by poor infrastructure and governance issues. Employing a mixed methods approach, the study analyzes access, quality, and citizen satisfaction with health services and feeder roads, amidst challenges such as poor infrastructure, corruption, and limited institutional capacity. Findings reveal that while e governance holds significant potential to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency, its effectiveness is highly dependent on contextual factors including political stability, infrastructure readiness, and user capacity. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted policy interventions to strengthen e governance frameworks to improve decentralized service delivery in post conflict settings like South Sudan. Moudie Anthony Zingari Negumba | Asiimwe Solomon | Edaku Charles | Mbabazi Mbabazize "Exploring the Effect of E-governance on Service Delivery in Three Selected Counties in Western Equatorial State, South Sudan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97371.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/97371/exploring-the-effect-of-egovernance-on-service-delivery-in-three-selected-counties-in-western-equatorial-state-south-sudan/moudie-anthony-zingari-negumba

In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, the integration of biometrics and biomedical diagnostics has opened new avenues for efficient and accessible healthcare. One such innovation is fingerprint based blood group detection novel approach aimed at identifying a person’s blood type quickly and non invasively using fingerprint biometric data and biochemical sensing.This project aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 Good Health and Well being, which emphasizes the importance of universal health coverage, emergency medical response, and the development of innovative health technologies. By enabling swift identification of blood groups through a simple fingerprint scan, this project can significantly enhance emergency care, blood donation processes, and medical record accessibility especially in underserved or rural areas where traditional blood testing may not be readily available.Furthermore, the project also supports SDG 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, as it promotes scientific research and the development of affordable and scalable diagnostic tools. Combining biometric systems with biochemical analysis creates a smart health tech solution that has the potential to transform medical diagnostics in both clinical and field settings. Through this project, we aim to create a low cost, user friendly prototype that bridges the gap between biotechnology and digital innovation contributing to safer, faster, and more inclusive healthcare systems worldwide. Priyanka Dilip | Deekshitha. V | Shakthi Priyadarshini | Nagarathna | Hema | Dr. Srilatha. Y "Blood Group Detection using Fingerprint" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97518.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97518/blood-group-detection-using-fingerprint/priyanka-dilip

This paper presents a cost effective real time accident detection system for two wheelers using an ADXL335 analog accelerometer and Arduino Mega microcontroller. The system continuously monitors acceleration patterns along X and Y axes to detect sudden jerks or impacts indicative of potential accidents. Upon detection of acceleration magnitudes exceeding a predefined threshold of 1.5g, the system activates an audible alert mechanism using a buzzer controlled through an RC timing circuit. The proposed solution addresses the critical issue of delayed accident detection, particularly in remote areas, by providing immediate local alerts. Experimental results demonstrate reliable detection of collision like events while minimizing false alarms during normal riding conditions. The system achieves a response time of less than 100ms with power consumption suitable for battery operation, making it practical for real world deployment on two wheelers. Riti Prabhakar | Dr. Srilatha Y "Real-Time Accident Detection System for Two-Wheelers using ADXL335 Accelerometer and Arduino Platform" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97519.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97519/realtime-accident-detection-system-for-twowheelers-using-adxl335-accelerometer-and-arduino-platform/riti-prabhakar

This research article reviews the previous literature on Chomskyan Generative Grammar in linguistics. It offers new insights into analyzing the patterning of words internal structure. It outlines a few concepts of Chomsky and provides some logical and valuable comments on them, opening doors for further research. It discusses some general word formation rules assumed by speakers in language acquisition. It provides new insight into the study of meaning. With formidable data, it raises theoretical questions regarding the universality of grammar, language acquisition, language faculty, parametric variation, headedness of the compound, determination of the category of compounds, etc. It accurately describes morphological theory and suggests that some linguistic theories must be revised, mainly morphological and syntactic. It brings conceptual clarity to morphological theory in linguistics. Finally, it aims to clarify the structural and semantic complexity of word formation in English. Mohammad Hamid | Dr. Pallav Vishnu "Word Formation in English: A Generative Account" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97547.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97547/word-formation-in-english-a-generative-account/mohammad-hamid

Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent among college students, and various phenomena indicate a close relationship between sleep quality and academic performance. In this paper, we investigated the sleep quality and academic performance of college students, analyzing the data using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI , descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, textual analysis, and multiple modeling approaches. Through these analyses, we concluded that academic performance is significantly impacted by sleep quality, and provided relevant recommendations for future development. Song Mengxin | Li Kexin | Qu Yiran | Li Qing | Zhang Shuang "Research on the Correlation Between Sleep Quality and Academic Performance Among College Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97491.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97491/research-on-the-correlation-between-sleep-quality-and-academic-performance-among-college-students/song-mengxin

The construction sector significantly contributes to global CO2 emissions due to high Portland cement usage. This study comparatively analyzed bio based RHA and industrial GGBS additives as partial cement replacements at 10, 20, and 30 . Concrete samples were tested for mechanical compressive, split tensile, flexural , durability water absorption, porosity, UPV , workability slump, compact ing factor , and environmental CO2 emissions, embodied energy performance over 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. The control mix showed the highest 28 day strengths 32MPa compressive, 3.1MPa tensile, and 4.2MPa flexural. Bio based B30 and industrial I30 mixes showed gradual reductions, with compressive strengths of 25MPa and 27MPa, tensile strengths of 2.5MPa and 2.7MPa, and flexural strengths of 3.5MPa and 3.6MPa. Durability tests indicated slight increases in water absorption 6.2 and porosity 14 , with UPV confirming good quality. Workability decreased slightly but remained practical, while 30 replacements reduced CO2 emissions and embodied energy by 30 . Overall, 10–20 replacement offered an optimal balance between performance and sustainability. Manisha | Er. Janardan Tiwari "A Comparative Evaluation of Bio Based and Industrial Additives Based Concrete Materials as Carbon Neutral Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97541.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97541/a-comparative-evaluation-of-bio-based-and-industrial-additives-based-concrete-materials-as-carbon-neutral-concrete/manisha

This paper examines the trends and spatial patterns of slums in the National Capital Territory NCT of Delhi, where globalization, industrialization, and rapid urbanization have driven profound demographic and spatial transformations. Delhi’s population grew from 1.74 million in 1951 to 16.7 million in 2011 and is projected to reach 34.66 million by 2025, largely due to migration and inadequate planning. This surge has fuelled the expansion of unauthorized colonies, Jhuggi Jhonpri JJ clusters, and informal settlements that house socially and economically marginalized groups. These settlements often lack housing, sanitation, water, electricity, and healthcare, forcing residents into environmentally fragile areas. Unregulated land use and land cover LULC changes such as the conversion of agricultural land and open spaces into built up zones further increases slum growth, environmental hazards, and public health risks. Slum populations are thus disproportionately exposed to pollution, flooding, and unsafe living conditions, reinforcing cycles of vulnerability and exclusion. Dharmendra Kumar | G. M Rather "A Geographical Study on Trend and Pattern of Slums: A Case Study of NCT of Delhi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97508.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/97508/a-geographical-study-on-trend-and-pattern-of-slums-a-case-study-of-nct-of-delhi/dharmendra-kumar

This paper explores how technology can empower women through professional education, particularly in fields like science, engineering, medicine, law, and business. It emphasizes the transformative potential of digital platforms, mobile technologies, and online learning environments in expanding access and flexibility for women, especially those from marginalized or rural communities. Drawing on global literature and case studies, the paper highlights how technology reduces barriers to education and supports continuous professional development. It also stresses that empowerment goes beyond access—it includes agency, confidence, decision making, and workforce participation. However, the paper cautions that technology’s benefits are not automatic or evenly distributed. Challenges such as the digital divide, gendered cultural norms, limited digital literacy, and unequal access to infrastructure persist. These issues risk deepening existing inequalities unless addressed through targeted interventions. Dilshad Anjum Gulam Ambiya Khan "The Role of Technology in Women’s Empowerment in Professional Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways Forward" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97532.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97532/the-role-of-technology-in-women’s-empowerment-in-professional-education-opportunities-challenges-and-pathways-forward/dilshad-anjum-gulam-ambiya-khan

Against the backdrop of smart campus construction, traditional access control systems in university dormitories are plagued by low efficiency and insufficient security, making face recognition technology a preferred solution for building intelligent access control systems. 1 Focusing on the pain points of dormitory access control, this study first clarified requirements through research, then designed and implemented an embedded face recognition access control system, completing data collection and preprocessing, model training, development of a liveness detection module, and joint debugging and testing. 2 Tests indicate that the system demonstrates excellent recognition accuracy, real time performance, and anti counterfeiting capabilities. It effectively addresses the issues of traditional access control systems, provides a feasible solution for the intelligent management of university dormitories, and contributes to the informatization of education. Ran Gong | Wenxi Li | Yueshan Wang "Application of Machine Learning-Based Face Recognition Methods in Dormitory Access Control Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97495.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-architecture/97495/application-of-machine-learningbased-face-recognition-methods-in-dormitory-access-control-systems/ran-gong

Rare earth transition metal intermetallics, specifically R2Fe17, are exciting options for permanent magnet applications because they offer high magnetization at a relatively low cost compared to Nd2Fe14B. However, the inherent Curie temperature and magneto crystalline anisotropy MCA of R2Fe17 fall short for high performance devices. One effective strategy to improve stability, adjust anisotropy, and alter exchange interactions is to substitute Fe with non magnetic elements like Ga. This paper takes a closer look at the structural and magnetic impacts of Ga substitution in R2Fe17, referencing various studies from the literature. It particularly highlights the stabilization of crystal structure, enhancement of Curie temperature, transitions in anisotropy, and how carbides contribute to better performance. Suhas Subramani | Dr. Srilatha Y "Substitution of Ga on R2Fe17 Compounds: Structural and Magnetic Modifications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97626.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97626/substitution-of-ga-on-r2fe17-compounds-structural-and-magnetic-modifications/suhas-subramani

With rapid socioeconomic development, the real estate market faces dual challenges of increasing homebuying pressure and rising investment risks. As a unique commodity combining residential attributes and asset value, the formation mechanism of real estate prices has grown increasingly complex. It is not only influenced by multiple factors but also exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics in its overall trend. As a first tier city in China, Beijings housing prices are influenced by various factors, including economic policies, geographical location, educational resources, and transportation accessibility. Accurately forecasting housing price changes holds significant importance for homebuyers, investors, real estate developers, and government policymakers. This project aims to leverage machine learning and data analytics to propose a multi source data fusion framework. By collecting local environmental data such as air quality and noise pollution, it breaks the boundaries of traditional real estate datasets. For the first time, dynamic environmental indicators are incorporated into the housing price evaluation system. This approach systematically quantifies the impact mechanism of human living environment quality on real estate value. A baseline model, XGBoost, is constructed to handle high dimensional features, establishing a model capable of predicting Beijing housing prices. This assists users in understanding price trends and supports decision making. Zihao Wang | Hao Zhang | Tianshuang Han | Xiuyi Yang | Yinuo Liu "Machine Learning-Based Beijing Housing Price Prediction System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97504.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97504/machine-learningbased-beijing-housing-price-prediction-system/zihao-wang

Regional security and state stability are critical concepts in todays global security system, emphasising the importance of preserving peace, governance, and economic development within a specific geographical area. The study examined regional security and state stability in West Africa from 2011 to 2023, a period marked by significant political instability, military coups. The study aimed to analyse the impact of these factors on the overall security and stability of the region, with a focus on the role of regional organisations like the Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS in managing these challenges. The study adopted the regional security complex theory as the theoretical framework. Regional security complex theory posits that security interdependence is prominent within regional clusters due to the proximity of threats. The securitisation process links the security of individual states, impacting regional security dynamics. The descriptive survey research design was applied in the study, utilising secondary sources of data. The content analysis method was used as the method of data analysis. The findings revealed the systemic issues within West African political structures, such as poor governance and corruption, which have catalysed military interventions and weakened democratic institutions. Additionally, the study revealed factors contributing to regional security challenges such as weak state institutions, economic disparities, ethnic and religious tensions, and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. The study concludes that the path to a stable and secure West Africa lies in a coordinated approach that combines political, economic, and social strategies. The study recommended enhanced regional security cooperation channelled towards economic development and poverty alleviation, strengthening democratic institutions and governance and also building capacity for conflict prevention and management in West Africa. This approach should be strengthened by strong regional cooperation, supported by the international community, and tailored to the unique challenges and needs of the region. Ebimnamaonye Herbert Chukwudi | Owhor Godknows Chima "Regional Security and State Stability in West Africa, 2011 - 2023" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97513.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97513/regional-security-and-state-stability-in-west-africa-2011--2023/ebimnamaonye-herbert-chukwudi

In order to transform agriculture and promote rural development, education is essential. Formal and informal education can have an impact on human development, innovation uptake, productivity, and sustainable practices in Assam, where agriculture continues to be the dominant economic sector. This study looks at the ways that educational interventions in skill development, training programs, extension services, agricultural education, and rural education in general have improved Assamese agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. The study uses a combination of techniques, such as a literature review, secondary data, and field level observations, to show how education influences production, as well as the limitations and future directions.Assams economy still relies heavily on agriculture, which supports rural livelihoods and shapes the regions citizens cultural identities. It is the main industry in India that creates jobs for the great majority of people, especially in rural areas. Because education helps farmers accept innovations, make better decisions, and respond to environmental and socioeconomic difficulties, it has become a more important aspect in agricultural output. This study examines the relationship between Assamese agricultural growth and education, examining the effects of both formal and informal learning on resilience, production, and rural change. Globalization, womens engagement, and the function of agricultural institutions are all examined. The paper makes the case that the states sustainable agricultural development depends on an inclusive, context sensitive, and contemporary educational framework. Dr. Mina Kalita "Seeds of Knowledge: Exploring the Impact of Education on Agricultural Productivity and Rural Transformation in Assam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97527.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97527/seeds-of-knowledge-exploring-the-impact-of-education-on-agricultural-productivity-and-rural-transformation-in-assam/dr-mina-kalita

The article presents an in depth analysis of some important problems regarding civil tort liability for autonomous vehicles in terms of Chinas regulatory system, where particular emphasis is placed on the rapid advancement from Level 3 to Level 5 in automotive driving technology, which clearly shows that the traditional theory focused on human factors cannot keep up with the new changes brought by intelligent technology. China, as the main market of L2 automations, has the largest number of vehicles equipped with ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on its roadways, and needs to have policies applicable to such types of automotive driving functions soon. From analyses of famous cases overseas such as Uber fatality in 2018, the German Mercedes Benz 2023 level 3 vehicle issue, etc., it is found that most of these incidents happen due to insufficient understanding about issues like the identity of the actor in accidental situations, principle s of accountabilities, how the existing product liability rules need to be updated or strengthened in some key aspects and how insurance should function in regards to the changing landscape of automotive accidents. Therefore, understanding the concepts above mentioned is the prerequisite to establishing a corresponding duty based determination and apportionment mechanism. And what’s more, our study brings references based on different foreign theories and doctrines, combining all elements above mentioned and our own situation in China, targeting at finally offering feasible and plausible constructive suggestions of building an inclusive solution with domestic legislation revision and other relevant institutional adaptations plus safety standards improvement on industrial level, so as to incorporate advanced technology into legislative measures as fast as possible but never become overpowered or overthrown as such right vindications lag. Dong Yu Han | Su Yu Hua | Lu Jun Cheng | Shun Yu Hang "Legal Issues and Countermeasures in Autonomous Driving" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97492.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/97492/legal-issues-and-countermeasures-in-autonomous-driving/dong-yu-han

History tells us about the past time, how the time begins, the development and evolution of the human beings occurs. Vrana is one of the problems which have been managed by human being from the beginning of civilization. Under the circumstances the first thing which the men came across was the injury from different sources, which caused him the Vrana i.e. wound. Large number of references pertaining to the wound and wound healing are found in ancient Indian literature Acharya Sushruta has discussed detailed review of Vrana and its management. During this time the knowledge of wound was its peak level. Being a god surgeon Acharya Sushruta knows the importance of wound in the practice. He has described in detail all types of Traumatic and bodily injuries and its management with different 60 measures, known as ‘sixty upakramas’ which are from Apatarpana to Rakshavidhana, insistence on primary suturing in clean wounds, avoidance of sepsis and excision of extruded omentum and careful suturing of intestinal perforation in the management of perforating abdominal wounds, etc. are remarkable for their modern outlook Su. Chi. 3 Vrana literally means a discontinuation of tissues. To decide the etiological factors both local as well as systemic responsible for the non healing of the wound, and to assess the efficacy of Nirgundi Taila in the management of Vrana, here single case study done on patient came on opd basis. Dr. Shweta Rajendra Shirole | Dr. Sumedh Wasnik "Application of Nirgundi Taila in the Management of Dushta Vrana - A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97538.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97538/application-of-nirgundi-taila-in-the-management-of-dushta-vrana--a-case-study/dr-shweta-rajendra-shirole

This research paper examines how to improve the energy efficiency of historical buildings through retrofitting. The goal is to find ways to lower energy consumption while upholding the buildings historical and architectural value. The best strategy was found to be to combine energy saving, passive, and traditional design concepts. To reduce energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions, this study emphasizes the significance of carefully evaluating the buildings features, climate, and intended use. It also emphasizes how crucial it is to educate the public, involve stakeholders, and draft supportive legislation to effectively retrofit historical buildings. The results showed that passive design strategies can greatly raise a buildings indoor thermal comfort without the use of mechanical equipment. To attain energy conservation and carbon footprint reduction targets, the paper suggests a comprehensive strategy that incorporates policy, technology, and design when retrofitting historical buildings. The optimization of building designs with careful attention to orientation, window to wall ratio, and shading devices can significantly improve natural ventilation. This method of controlling solar radiation and improving natural ventilation makes heating more effective in the winter and cooling more effective in the summer. Zahid Rashid Allaie | Er. Kavita Dhiman "Retrofitting of Historical Buildings: A Comprehensive Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97539.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97539/retrofitting-of-historical-buildings-a-comprehensive-approach/zahid-rashid-allaie

This research aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of how urban green corridors could be effectively designed and implemented to enhance the physical and mental health of city dwellers, as well as improve the overall sustainability and liveability of urban areas. By analysing data from existing sources and case studies, the study found that the incorporation of diverse and well designed green infrastructure into urban planning and development can greatly enhance the sustainability, resilience, and overall liveability of urban areas. Well designed urban green corridors were shown to promote physical activity, social interaction, and restorative experiences, leading to improved mood, general well being, and stronger community ties. The study emphasizes the importance of considering ecological quality and biodiversity when creating these green spaces, as variations in flora and fauna can significantly impact the degree of health and psychological benefits. The findings strongly support the idea that strategic planning and design of multifunctional green infrastructure that caters to the diverse needs of urban residents is crucial for building more liveable, sustainable, and resilient cities that prioritize the overall well being of their citizen. Shabeer Ahmad Rather | Er. Shilpa Chauhan "Design and Evaluation of Urban Green Corridors for Enhancing Physical and Mental Health of City Dwellers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97540.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97540/design-and-evaluation-of-urban-green-corridors-for-enhancing-physical-and-mental-health-of-city-dwellers/shabeer-ahmad-rather

With the development of educational informatization, learners are shifting from traditional linear reading to structured, visual, and interactive exploration. Taking Computer Network and a simple introduction to computer networks as research objects, this paper constructs a knowledge graph using Neo4j and designs a browser based visualization system with ECharts. The system adopts an embedded Neo4j solution, preloading .dump files and packaging with a built in JRE for one click cross platform deployment. It realizes functions such as graph loading, interactive display, dynamic refresh, and health check. The paper details the design of backend APIs, frontend rendering logic, and exception handling mechanisms. Multiple rounds of testing confirm that the system can stably load and interact with graphs, supporting scenarios with up to 1000 nodes and 1500 edges, This not only helps learners better organize fragmented knowledge and grasp the logical relationships between concepts but also effectively enhances the efficiency of knowledge review. Hang Dong | He Xu | Yi Cheng | Guanyu Liu | Qilun Lyu "Research on Knowledge Graph Visualization Based on Computer Networks and In-depth Introduction to Computers Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97511.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/97511/research-on-knowledge-graph-visualization-based-on-computer-networks-and-indepth-introduction-to-computers-networks/hang-dong

In the modern era of rapid industrialization and urbanization, concrete and cement mortar remain indispensable materials in construction, driven by the rising demand for housing and infrastructure. However, this growth has created major environmental challenges due to excessive use of natural resources and the large volume of industrial waste generated. If not managed properly, these wastes pose disposal issues and ecological risks. As a result, researchers are actively exploring sustainable alternatives that not only reduce dependence on cement but also improve the mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete. One of the most critical concerns in cement production is carbon dioxide CO2 emission. Nearly one ton of CO2 is released for every ton of cement manufactured, contributing significantly to climate change and environmental degradation. To address this, industrial byproducts are being investigated as partial cement replacements, which reduce CO2 emissions, conserve natural resources, and encourage circular economy practices. This research focuses on the use of Rice Husk Ash RHA and Waste Paper Sludge Ash WPSA as supplementary cementitious materials. Both byproducts possess pozzolanic properties that enhance the binding and strength characteristics of concrete. In this study, RHA and WPSA were incorporated at 2 , 4 , 8 , and 10 replacement levels by weight of cement. A total of 78 specimens, including cubes and cylinders, were prepared, cured, and tested for compressive, flexural, tensile, and consistency properties.Results showed that moderate replacement levels enhanced concrete performance, offering dual benefits of waste utilization and improved strength. Thus, incorporating RHA and WPSA represents a sustainable, eco friendly approach to green construction. Musharaf Farooq | Er. Ajay Vikram "Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Rice Husk Ash and Waste Paper Sludge Ash as Cement Substitutes in M20 Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97542.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97542/experimental-investigation-on-the-effect-of-rice-husk-ash-and-waste-paper-sludge-ash-as-cement-substitutes-in-m20-concrete/musharaf-farooq

This study presents an experimental investigation into the sustainable use of waste materials in cement concrete by incorporating rubber tyre crumbs and human hair as partial substitutes for natural aggregates. Fibre reinforced concrete is known to improve crack resistance and mechanical properties, addressing the inherent tensile weakness of conventional concrete. Human hair, an abundantly available non degradable material, offers an economical reinforcement option, while rubber tyre crumbs enhance sustainability by reducing environmental pollution. Together, these materials contribute to better ductility, crack control, and durability of concrete. Concrete remains the most widely consumed construction material worldwide due to its strength and versatility, but the growing demand for infrastructure is exerting pressure on natural resources, leading to higher costs and ecological concerns. To overcome these challenges, this research replaces natural aggregates with rubber tyre crumbs at varying proportions 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 while maintaining a fixed 1.5 human hair content. The mixes were evaluated through standard tests, including compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, bulk density, water absorption, impact value, and crushing value, with a constant water–cement ratio of 0.5.Results indicated that workability decreased as the percentage of rubber tyre crumbs increased. However, compressive and tensile strengths improved up to an optimal replacement level of around 20 , after which strength properties declined. This demonstrates the potential of rubber tyre crumbs and human hair as sustainable alternatives in concrete production, promoting cost effectiveness and environmental conservation in construction. Shaista Zainab | Dr. Preetpal Singh "Sustainable Cement Concrete Utilizing a Combination of Rubber Tyre Crumbs and Human Hair" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97543.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97543/sustainable-cement-concrete-utilizing-a-combination-of-rubber-tyre-crumbs-and-human-hair/shaista-zainab

A pervious concrete systems performance is equally determined by its mechanical strength and permeability. While permeability ensures effective water infiltration, the pavements structural integrity is determined not only by the compressive strength of the concrete but also by the load bearing capacity of the subgrade soil underneath it. According to research, pervious concrete has a lower compressive strength than conventional concrete, making it more suitable for applications with light vehicular or pedestrian traffic rather than heavy loads.Experiments were conducted in this research to determine how various factors, such as the water cement ratio, aggregate to cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction techniques, affect the compressive strength of pervious concrete. Because the presence of interconnected voids, which is required for permeability, naturally reduces strength, the challenge is to find the best balance of water content, aggregate proportion, and cement binder. This balance should maximize both strength and water infiltration efficiency.Permeable cement pavements are a long term and environmentally friendly solution to urban stormwater management challenges. They reduce surface runoff, replenish groundwater reserves, and mitigate flooding risks by capturing and channeling rainwater into the underlying soil. Pervious concrete is becoming an increasingly valuable material in modern infrastructure design due to its dual functionality of structural support and ecological benefits. Sumaan Nazir | Dr. Preetpal Singh "Infiltration of Water into the Phreatic or Groundwater Zone using Pervious Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97544.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97544/infiltration-of-water-into-the-phreatic-or-groundwater-zone-using-pervious-concrete/sumaan-nazir

Background Chronic Kidney Disease is a progressive health condition that affects millions worldwide, with lifestyle playing a crucial role in its management. Patient education is essential in promoting healthier behaviors to slow disease progression and improve quality of life. However, many Chronic Kidney Disease patients have limited knowledge and inadequate practices regarding lifestyle modification. Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program STP on improving knowledge and practice regarding lifestyle modification among Chronic Kidney Disease patients in a selected hospital at Dehradun. Methodology A quantitative research approach with a pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding lifestyle modification among Chronic Kidney Disease patients. A total of 60 Chronic Kidney Disease patients were selected through non probability purposive sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a practice assessment checklist using likert scale were administered before and after the implementation of the STP. The data collected were collected using a structured questionnaire divided into two section demographic variables and a knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist. The study was conducted at SHRI MAHANT INDRESH HOSPITAL, Patelnagar, Dehradun Uttarakhand. Results Most participants were in the age group of 41–50 years 30 , male 58.3 , and Hindu 66.6 . Educational status showed that 36.7 were graduates, and 41.7 had two children. A positive family history of kidney disease was reported by 36.7 .The mean pre test knowledge score 8.80 ± 3.79 increased to 18.53 ± 3.99 after the intervention, with a statistically significant difference t = 18.972, p = 0.0001 . Practice scores across domains also improved D1 = 2.46 ± 0.650 to D5 = 2.80 ± 0.403 , and one way ANOVA confirmed significance F = 4.418, p = 0.002 . Conclusion The Structured Teaching Program significantly enhanced both knowledge t = 18.972, p 0.001 and practice F = 4.418, p = 0.002 among Chronic Kidney Disease patients. This finding indicates the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the participants knowledge and practice regarding lifestyle modification. Additionally, highlights the importance of educational interventions in improving lifestyle modification, thereby supporting better disease management and patient outcomes. Tanu Pandey | Dr. G Ramalakshmi "A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program (STP) on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Lifestyle Modification among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97528.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97528/a-pre-experimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-program-stp-on-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-lifestyle-modification-among-chronic-kidney-disease-patients/tanu-pandey

The Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS is dedicated to the preservation of peace and order, as well as the integration and unity of action among all West African states, founded on shared values, objectives, interests, and development. ECOWAS is recognised for articulating and advancing the political, socio economic, peace, and security interests of its member states within the evolving global environment. West African States are afflicted by communal and ethnic disputes, armed violence, political instability, refugees and internally displaced persons IDPs . The aim of the study was to examine the role of ECOWAS in regional security in West Africa. Whereas the objectives were to explore ECOWAS and conflict prevention and intervention in West African States and examine the efforts by ECOWAS to stabilise the West African states and secure the region. The study adopted the structural functionalist theory. The basic assumption of the theory is that the society is structured in conjunction with different groups and organisations affiliation and connection. Structural Functionalist theory sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and used secondary sources of data. The content analysis method was used as the method of data analysis. The findings from the study revealed fundamental weaknesses in West African political structures and pervasive corruption, which have precipitated military incursions and undermined democratic institutions. The study also identified factors contributing to regional security issues, including weak state institutions, economic inequities, ethnic and religious tensions, and the proliferation of small guns and light weapons. The paper concluded that except ECOWAS strengthens the democratic institutions in West Africa and its military arm in mitigating conflicts, armed violence, and wars, as well as in restoring democracy in West African nations affected by coups détat and civil wars, the ripple effects will continue within the region. The study recommended that ECOWAS should continue to prioritise peace and security while harmonising policies targeted at infrastructural development within the region. Ebimnamaonye Herbert Chukwudi | Owhor Godknows Chima "Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Regional Security in West Africa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97523/economic-community-of-west-african-states-ecowas-and-regional-security-in-west-africa/ebimnamaonye-herbert-chukwudi

The Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS is dedicated to the preservation of peace and order, as well as the integration and unity of action among all West African states, founded on shared values, objectives, interests, and development. ECOWAS is recognised for articulating and advancing the political, socio economic, peace, and security interests of its member states within the evolving global environment. West African States are afflicted by communal and ethnic disputes, armed violence, political instability, refugees and internally displaced persons IDPs . The aim of the study was to examine the role of ECOWAS in regional security in West Africa. Whereas the objectives were to explore ECOWAS and conflict prevention and intervention in West African States and examine the efforts by ECOWAS to stabilise the West African states and secure the region. The study adopted the structural functionalist theory. The basic assumption of the theory is that the society is structured in conjunction with different groups and organisations affiliation and connection. Structural Functionalist theory sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and used secondary sources of data. The content analysis method was used as the method of data analysis. The findings from the study revealed fundamental weaknesses in West African political structures and pervasive corruption, which have precipitated military incursions and undermined democratic institutions. The study also identified factors contributing to regional security issues, including weak state institutions, economic inequities, ethnic and religious tensions, and the proliferation of small guns and light weapons. The paper concluded that except ECOWAS strengthens the democratic institutions in West Africa and its military arm in mitigating conflicts, armed violence, and wars, as well as in restoring democracy in West African nations affected by coups détat and civil wars, the ripple effects will continue within the region. The study recommended that ECOWAS should continue to prioritise peace and security while harmonising policies targeted at infrastructural development within the region. Ebimnamaonye Herbert Chukwudi | Owhor Godknows Chima "Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Regional Security in West Africa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97523/economic-community-of-west-african-states-ecowas-and-regional-security-in-west-africa/ebimnamaonye-herbert-chukwudi

Postoperative Pain and delayed ambulation are a prevalent and distressing challenges experienced by the patients undergoing abdominal surgery which can lead to prolonged hospital stays . Bed exercises are simple and cost effective intervention to reduce the level of pain and promote the early ambulation after abdominal surgery. Aim To assess the knowledge regarding bed exercise and to evaluate the effectiveness of bed exercise on the level of pain and early ambulation among abdominal surgery patients admitted in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital, Dehradun. Methodology RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi experimental study was conducted among 60 abdominal surgery patients in Shri Mahant Indresh hospital, Dehradun with 30 patients in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A structured knowledge questionnaire, visual analogue pain scale and a early ambulation Likert 5 point scale were used to assess knowledge and outcomes related to pain and ambulation. The experimental group received a structured bed exercise intervention postoperatively, while the control group received routine care. Data were analyzed using ANNOVA, descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The findings of the study revealed a significant reduction in the mean level of pain and improvement in ambulation in the experimental group following the administration of structured bed exercises. In the experimental group, the pre test pain score Day 0, before intervention was 6 ± 2.66, which progressively decreased with each post operative assessment. On Post test I Day 3 , the score reduced to 4.63 ± 2.68, further declined to 3.26 ± 2.76 on Post test II Day 6 , and reached 1.83 ± 2.50 by Post test III Day 9 . The consistent decrease in pain levels was statistically significant. In contrast, the control group, which received only routine care, showed minimal changes. The pre test score was 6.06 ±1.01, and post intervention scores showed only slight variations 5.83 ± 1.26 on Post test I, 5.73 ± 1.28 on Post test II, and 5.66± 1.93 on Post test III, with no significant difference p 0.05 . Similarly, the mean level of early ambulation in the experimental group showed significant improvement over time. On Day 0 pre test , the ambulation score was 19.3 ± 7.06, which increased to 23.8 ± 7.23 on Day 3, 30.9 ± 8.62 on Day 6, and peaked at 36.2 ± 9.25 on Day 9, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in early mobilization after bed exercise intervention. However, in the control group, the ambulation score showed only mild improvement from 19.96 ± 6.50 pre test to 21.73 ± 6.81 on Post test I, 23.33 ± 6.21 on Post test II, and 25.23 ± 6.36 on Post test III, which was not statistically significant p 0.05 . Conclusion Bed exercises are effective in reducing postoperative pain and promoting early ambulation in abdominal surgery patients. Incorporating structured bed exercises into postoperative care protocols can enhance recovery and improve patient outcomes. Shivani Kumayan | Dr. Rosaline Lily Mary "A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Knowledge and Effectiveness of Bed Exercises on Level of Pain, Early Ambulation Among Abdominal Surgery Patients at Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97525.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97525/a-quasiexperimental-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-effectiveness-of-bed-exercises-on-level-of-pain-early-ambulation-among-abdominal-surgery-patients-at-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/shivani-kumayan

The cybersecurity domain is undergoing rapid transformation as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and globally connected devices dramatically widen the digital attack surface. This study examines the principal trends in reshaping the threat environment and assesses the defensive measures organizations are adopting to address escalating risks. Using recent breach data and illustrative case studies, the analysis identifies eight critical emerging threats—including AI driven intrusions, supply chain compromises, and the pending disruption of post quantum cryptography, together with counterstrategies such as zero trust implementation, adaptive security models, and secure by design development practices. Key research deficits are highlighted in areas like adversarial AI, neuromorphic hardware protection, and harmonization of international regulatory frameworks. The paper concludes with practical guidance for industry professionals, academic researchers, and policymakers, stressing the importance of workforce upskilling, continuous threat exposure management, and cross border collaboration. By integrating technological, organizational, and policy viewpoints, this work offers a strategic roadmap for reducing cyber risk and safeguarding critical infrastructure in the coming decade. Nikunj Doshi "Rising Threats and Next-Generation Defenses in Cybersecurity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97555.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97555/rising-threats-and-nextgeneration-defenses-in-cybersecurity/nikunj-doshi

This paper explores the realm of green innovation and eco friendly product development, showing how companies can incorporate sustainable practices into their operations to promote environmental sustainability. This chapter offers insights into the significance of developing eco friendly products and green innovation through a thorough examination of numerous current business trends and emerging paradigms.It illustrates the value of implementing sustainable business practices in the current dynamic market environment via case studies and real world examples. Mr. Mohit Gupta | Mr. Alok Kumar Shukla "Green Innovation and Its Importance in Product Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97557.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97557/green-innovation-and-its-importance-in-product-development/mr-mohit-gupta

The modern world infrastructure is built on concrete which is valued due to mechanical power and flexibility. Nevertheless, its comparative lack of longevity and the lack of multifunctional capabilities are constant constraints. To deal with these problems, the current research examines the production and testing of Magneto Conductive Concrete MCC that employs carbon fibers as well as manufactured sand M sand as the sustainable alternative to river sand. Both the geopolymer based and Ordinary Portland Cement OPC concretes were prepared and experimented to establish their mechanical and durability behavior. The program included Compressive Strength CS , Split Tensile Strength SPS , Flexural Strength FS and Water Absorption tests in the experiment. Findings revealed that geopolymer concretes consistently delivered superior performance over OPC mixes, with compressive strengths ranging between 40–135 MPa, compared to 35–90 MPa achieved by OPC. Optimum performance was achieved at 50 M sand replacement, though full substitution remained feasible with only minor reductions. Durability assessment showed slightly higher water absorption in geopolymer concretes than OPC, yet within acceptable limits, confirming the suitability of M sand as an eco friendly fine aggregate. The findings highlight the potential of MCC as a multifunctional material for sustainable and smart infrastructure. Aman Potlia | Er. Janardan Tiwari "Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Magneto Conductive Concrete for Improved Durability and Conductivity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97556.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97556/fabrication-and-performance-evaluation-of-magneto-conductive-concrete-for-improved-durability-and-conductivity/aman-potlia

Background Iron sucrose is a cornerstone therapy for iron deficiency anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease. However, marketed formulations can contain labile iron, which catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation, contributing to oxidative stress and infusion reactions. This study aimed to develop an optimized iron sucrose colloidal solution with improved physicochemical stability and a reduced fraction of labile iron.Methods A systematic formulation optimization was conducted, investigating critical process parameters order of addition, pH, sterilization method, and oxygen control via nitrogen sparging. The optimized formulation was characterized for description, pH, particle size as determined by dynamic light scattering, DLS , zeta potential, iron assay using FAAS , and labile iron content via a ferene SPE assay . Stability was assessed under accelerated 40°C 75 RH and long term 25°C 60 RH conditions for two months.Results The optimal process involved adjusting Water for Injection pH to 10.8 before API addition, aseptic filtration, and stringent oxygen control 2 ppm . The optimized formulation exhibited properties comparable to the reference listed drug Venofer particle size Z avg 12 nm, PDI 0.180 , zeta potential 26.4 mV , and assay 98.9 . Crucially, the labile iron content was significantly reduced to 0.22 compared to 0.35 for Venofer a 37 reduction . Stability studies confirmed the formulations robustness, with all critical quality attributes remaining within specification over the study period.Conclusion This study successfully developed a stable iron sucrose formulation with a significantly lower labile iron content. The rigorous control of oxygen during manufacturing was identified as a key factor in minimizing oxidative degradation. This optimized product has the potential to offer an improved safety profile for patients requiring intravenous iron therapy. Nitin Suthar | Narendra Singh Solanki | Deepak Singodia | Jayesh Gadhiya "Optimization and Characterization of Iron Sucrose Colloidal Formulation with Enhanced Stability and Reduced Labile Iron Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97558.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97558/optimization-and-characterization-of-iron-sucrose-colloidal-formulation-with-enhanced-stability-and-reduced-labile-iron-content/nitin-suthar

Iron deficiency anemia IDA represents a major global health challenge, underpinning the critical role of intravenous IV iron colloids as a cornerstone therapy. The safety and efficacy of these formulations are profoundly influenced by labile iron a loosely bound, redox active fraction that mediates essential iron delivery but also provokes oxidative toxicity when poorly controlled. This review examines the dynamics of labile iron, using iron sucrose as a key illustrative example due to its widespread clinical use and extensively characterized labile iron pool. We discuss the biochemical foundations of labile iron, its pathophysiological roles, and comparative variations across marketed IV iron products. A dedicated evaluation of analytical methodologies including the bleomycin, ferrozine, EDTA capillary zone electrophoresis, and transferrin chelation assays highlights the technical and interpretative challenges in quantifying labile iron. Furthermore, we examine the direct clinical consequences of labile iron exposure, such as acute infusion reactions, oxidative tissue injury in high risk populations, and heightened infection susceptibility. The review concludes by identifying pressing future directions, including the standardization of analytical protocols, innovations in iron carbohydrate complex design, and the adoption of personalized treatment strategies. This synthesis seeks to advance the rational development and clinical use of IV iron formulations that maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing labile iron related risks. Nitin Suthar | Mr. Narendra Singh Solanki "Labile Iron in Intravenous Iron Colloids: A Critical Review of Analytical Challenges, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97559.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97559/labile-iron-in-intravenous-iron-colloids-a-critical-review-of-analytical-challenges-clinical-implications-and-future-directions/nitin-suthar

This study examines the effect of green procurement practices on the performance of organizations listed on the Nigerian Exchange as of 2024. Employing a descriptive survey design, primary data were collected via structured questionnaires from a stratified random sample of 110 companies across manufacturing, construction, oil and gas, and service sectors. Secondary data were sourced from the Nigerian Exchange Group Annual Listing Report 2024 , National Bureau of Statistics 2024 , Corporate Sustainability Reports 2022–2024 , the Environmental Performance Index 2024 , and the Federal Ministry of Environment’s Green Economy Policy Report 2023 . Data analysis integrating descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression SPSS v26.0 revealed significant positive relationships between green procurement and operational efficiency r = 0.642, p 0.05 , cost efficiency R² = 0.356, p = 0.000 , and environmental compliance R² = 0.466, p = 0.000 . Ethical considerations were observed, and limitations acknowledged. The findings underscore the dual economic and ecological benefits of embedding sustainability in procurement processes, informing policy and managerial practice. It was one of the recommendations of this study that Organizations should pursue ISO 14001, FSC, and ENERGY STAR certifications to strengthen procurement credibility and performance. Usman Abdulwahab | Adama Attah "Green Procurement and the Performance of Organizations in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97563.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97563/green-procurement-and-the-performance-of-organizations-in-nigeria/usman-abdulwahab

BACKGROUND Asthma remains a major public health concern in India, with limited access to non pharmacological interventions in resource constrained settings. Breathing exercises have emerged as a promising adjunct therapy, yet evidence remains scattered across diverse populations. PROBLEM STATEMENT “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercise on bio physiological parameters among patients with bronchial asthma at Government Doon Medical College Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.” OBJECTIVES• To assess the pre test or post test level of bio physiological parameters among patients with bronchial asthma. • To evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercise on bio physiological parameters among patients with bronchial asthma. • To find out the association between the pre test level of bio physiological parameters among patients with bronchial asthma with their selected demographic variables. RESEARCH DESIGN and SETTING This pre experimental study adopted a one group pre test and post test design. It was conducted in respiratory pulmonary ward of Government Doon Medical College Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. METHODOLOGYA total of 60 participants were recruited using convenience sampling technique. Inclusion criteria required participants to be above 20 years of age, of either gender, and diagnosed with bronchial asthma. Patients were excluded if they were unconscious, unwilling to participate, already practicing breathing exercises, or had significant co morbidities. The intervention focused on guided breathing exercises, with the following bio physiological parameters measured pre and post intervention respiratory rate, pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, peak expiratory flow rate, breath sounds, skin color, and general appearance. Data were collected using a self structured socio demographic profile and an observational checklist. RESULTS Post intervention data analysis revealed statistically significant improvements p 0.05 across multiple respiratory indicators, affirming the positive influence of breathing exercises. CONCLUSION Structured breathing exercises significantly enhance bio physiological outcomes in asthma patients, suggesting their integration into standard clinical practice, especially in resource limited settings. Mahima Sharma | Ms. Deepti Kukreti "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Breathing Exercise on Bio-Physiological Parameters among Patients with Bronchial Asthma at Government Doon Medical College Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97531.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97531/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-breathing-exercise-on-biophysiological-parameters-among-patients-with-bronchial-asthma-at-government-doon-medical-college-hospital-dehradun-uttarakhand/mahima-sharma

The protracted Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon has profoundly disrupted the lives of internally displaced populations, with young women disproportionately affected. This study investigates the prevalence and socio emotional consequences of survival sex among female Anglophone internally displaced youths IDYs in the Bonaberi district of Douala IV. A cross sectional survey was conducted with 60 purposively and conveniently sampled participants from four neighborhoods Grand Hanger, Mabanda, Ndobo, and Rail. Data were collected through a semi structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed a strong model fit R = 0.889, R² = 0.790 F = 20.896, p .001 , with 79 of variance in survival sex explained by socio economic and structural factors. Significant positive predictors included economic hardship, social disruption, limited educational opportunities, and lack of support services, while unemployment, gender inequality, and power dynamics showed significant negative associations. Albeit survival sex emerged as a coping mechanism in contexts of deprivation, it was associated with adverse socio emotional effects including shame, guilt, anxiety, stigma, heightened risks of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, substance abuse, and fractured family relationships. The study underscores survival sex as a multidimensional issue that extends beyond sexual health to psychosocial well being. Addressing it requires holistic, culturally sensitive, and multi sectoral interventions that foster resilience and dignity among displaced young women. Laisin Frankline "Survival Sex as a Coping Mechanism: Prevalence and Socio-Emotional Effects among Anglophone Internally Displaced Youths (IDYs) in Bonaberi, Douala IV, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97552.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97552/survival-sex-as-a-coping-mechanism-prevalence-and-socioemotional-effects-among-anglophone-internally-displaced-youths-idys-in-bonaberi-douala-iv-cameroon/laisin-frankline

Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring urgent neuroimaging for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic decision making. Diffusion weighted imaging DWI has emerged as the most sensitive MRI sequence for early detection of acute cerebral ischemia, often identifying abnormalities within minutes of onset. Despite its clinical utility, variability in DWI protocols across institutions can lead to differences in image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and scan efficiency. Radiographers play a pivotal role in protocol design, parameter selection, and optimization of imaging workflows. This article discusses the importance of DWI in acute stroke imaging, identifies challenges in current protocols, and outlines strategies for optimization by radiographers. Emphasis is placed on balancing image quality, acquisition time, and patient comfort while minimizing artifacts. The article further proposes an optimized DWI protocol tailored for rapid stroke assessment. By refining DWI acquisition, radiographers can significantly improve diagnostic confidence, reduce false negatives, and contribute to better patient outcomes. Mr. Govindaraj S | Dr. Tamijeselvan S "Optimization of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) Protocols by Radiographers for Early Detection of Acute Stroke" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97554.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/radiology/97554/optimization-of-diffusionweighted-imaging-dwi-protocols-by-radiographers-for-early-detection-of-acute-stroke/mr-govindaraj-s

Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring urgent neuroimaging for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic decision making. Diffusion weighted imaging DWI has emerged as the most sensitive MRI sequence for early detection of acute cerebral ischemia, often identifying abnormalities within minutes of onset. Despite its clinical utility, variability in DWI protocols across institutions can lead to differences in image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and scan efficiency. Radiographers play a pivotal role in protocol design, parameter selection, and optimization of imaging workflows. This article discusses the importance of DWI in acute stroke imaging, identifies challenges in current protocols, and outlines strategies for optimization by radiographers. Emphasis is placed on balancing image quality, acquisition time, and patient comfort while minimizing artifacts. The article further proposes an optimized DWI protocol tailored for rapid stroke assessment. By refining DWI acquisition, radiographers can significantly improve diagnostic confidence, reduce false negatives, and contribute to better patient outcomes. Mr. Govindaraj S | Dr. Tamijeselvan S "Optimization of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) Protocols by Radiographers for Early Detection of Acute Stroke" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97554.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/radiology/97554/optimization-of-diffusionweighted-imaging-dwi-protocols-by-radiographers-for-early-detection-of-acute-stroke/mr-govindaraj-s

Nowadays, with the increasing amount of time students spend studying and staring at the electronic screen, the phenomenon of low concentration, accumulated fatigue, and even damage to physical health and mental health has become very common. Compared with traditional learning aids, which are mostly based on manual check in or wearable devices, they have many obvious disadvantages, such as subjective data collection and large interference. This paper introduces EduHoot , a non invasive learning fatigue monitoring system developed using YOLOv10 and the LicheePi edge computing platform. The system uses visual recognition technology to identify students facial behavior patterns in real time and then realize the local non intrusive fatigue detection and personalized feedback. Finally, the paper establishes an intelligent protection system for “learning health” and puts forward the system architecture, core technology, design concept and development roadmap. Finally, the paper explores the application prospects and social value of smart education based on edge computing through educational technology and AI development trends. Qiyi Qiu | Longyan Qi | Yueting Han | Hengyang Fan "Integration of YOLOv10 with Edge Computing: Design and Application Research of a Non-Intrusive Fatigue Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97548.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/embedded-system/97548/integration-of-yolov10-with-edge-computing-design-and-application-research-of-a-nonintrusive-fatigue-monitoring-system/qiyi-qiu

Introduction Body art, such as tattoos and body piercings, has been a common practice in many civilizations for thousands of years. A 5200 year old Neolithic mummy has tattoos, and body piercing was popular in Victorian times. The process of tattooing involves the implantation of pigment into the skin. The act of cutting or puncturing a part of the body to make an opening through which jewellery can be worn is known as body piercing. and tattooing and body piercings expose the body to other bodily fluids, there can be a wide range of health implications, both infectious e.g., HIV, HBV and HCV, Mycobacterial infections, abscess, endocarditis, tetanus and non infectious e.g., dermatitis, haemorrhage, allergies .. People of practically every race and nation in the world often get tattoos. Over the past thirty years, tattoos have become more and more common, appearing on people from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds.2 The obtained “t” value 13.10 was greater than value of df 59 which was p 0.05 level of significant differences between pre test and post test level of knowledge hence the formulated research Hypothesis H1 was accepted. The test revealed that there were significant with association with Age, Gender, Religion, Previous knowledge, Class, but there was no non significant association with other selected demographic variables, significant at 0.05 level of significance, So formulated research Hypothesis H2 was accepted. The study concluded that Information Booklet was effective and improve knowledge regarding Health risk related to tattooing and body piercing among Nursing students of Selected Nursing College. OBJECTIVES To Assess the pretest knowledge regarding Health Risk related to Body Piercing and Tattooing among nursing students at selected Nursing colleges, Safedabaad, Uttar Pradesh. To evaluate the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge regarding on Health risk related to Body Piercing and Tattooing among Nursing students at selected Nursing colleges, Safedabaad, Uttar Pradesh. To find out association between the pretest Knowledge score regarding Health risk related to Body Piercing and Tattooing among Nursing students with their socio demographic variables. Mrs. Shradha Mishra | Ms. Kannu Priya Tripathi "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Health Risk Related to Body Piercing and Tattooing among Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College of Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97509.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97509/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-information-booklet-on-knowledge-regarding-health-risk-related-to-body-piercing-and-tattooing-among-nursing-students-at-selected-nursing-college-of-barabanki-uttar-pradesh/mrs-shradha-mishra

The mouth, known as the oral cavity, is the initial section of the digestive system and comprises the lips, tongue, palate, and teeth. It carries out various critical roles in digestion and speech. Oral cavity cancer is one of the leading cancer types impacting individuals globally. Cancer is a condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which can spread to other body areas and may lead to death. It is referred to as a malignant neoplasm or tumor. Cancer ranks as the second primary cause of mortality globally, with approximately 9.6 million fatalities reported in 2018. Oral cancer is among the most prevalent malignant tumors impacting the head and neck area. As stated by Peres et al. 2019 , it is a significant health issue globally. Oral cancer, by definition, pertains to any cancerous growth that develops in the lips especially at the vermilion border or inside the oral cavity. The oral cavity contains significant components including the front two thirds of the tongue, buccal mucosa inner lining of the cheeks , gingiva gums , hard palate top of the mouth , retromolar pad region behind the molars , and the floor of the mouth. Tumors in these areas disrupt vital functions such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking. The majority of oral cancer cases manifest as squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the thin, flat squamous cells that line the oral cavity. It is frequently linked to risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol intake, inadequate oral hygiene, and infection with human papillomavirus HPV . If not identified promptly, oral cancer can extend to adjacent tissues and lymph nodes. Sapna Choudhary | Ms. Kanchan Negi "A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Prevention of Oral Cancer among Nursing Students at SGRR College of Nursing, Patel Nagar Dehradun, UK" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97562.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97562/a-pre-experimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-prevention-of-oral-cancer-among-nursing-students-at-sgrr-college-of-nursing-patel-nagar-dehradun-uk/sapna-choudhary

Magnetic skyrmions are fascinating, particle like spin textures that are topologically nontrivial, and theyve been drawing a lot of attention for their potential in both fundamental physics and low energy spintronics applications. In this paper, we take a closer look at the theoretical underpinnings of skyrmions, the various mechanisms that help stabilize and control them like the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, magnetic anisotropy, and dipolar interactions. We also explore how these skyrmions are realized and imaged experimentally, their dynamics when driven by current including the skyrmion Hall effect , and the different methods for nucleation, annihilation, and manipulation. Additionally, we discuss innovative device concepts such as racetrack memory and logic. Our review synthesizes findings across different material classes from noncentrosymmetric bulk chiral magnets to interfacial multilayers and ferri antiferromagnets and highlights the key challenges and future directions in this exciting field. Plus, weve included a comprehensive reference list with over 30 sources that represent the breadth of research in this area. Suhas Subramani | Dr. Srilatha Y "Skyrmions: Fundamentals, Dynamics, and Prospects for Spintronic Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97576.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97576/skyrmions-fundamentals-dynamics-and-prospects-for-spintronic-applications/suhas-subramani

Exchange spring magnets, also known as exchange coupled nanocomposite permanent magnets, are fascinating because they blend the high coercivity of a hard magnetic phase with the impressive saturation magnetization of a soft magnetic phase, all thanks to strong interfacial exchange coupling. Since Kneller and Hawig first proposed this concept back in 1991, the field has really taken off, diving into theory, micromagnetic modeling, materials processing, and various applications. This paper takes a closer look at the fundamental principles, design guidelines, fabrication techniques, characterization methods, notable material systems, and the potential applications of exchange spring magnets. It particularly highlights strategies to enhance the energy product BH {max} through careful microstructural control, interface engineering, and innovative material combinations, including options that don’t rely on rare earth elements. The paper also addresses the challenges ahead and explores future directions for this exciting area of research. Suhas Subramani | Dr. Srilatha Y "The Exchange-Spring Magnet: Advances, Materials, and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97577.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97577/the-exchangespring-magnet-advances-materials-and-prospects/suhas-subramani

This study investigates regional variations in perinatal mental health outcomes across three North Indian cities, focusing on the influence of geographical location and urbanization levels. A cross sectional study was conducted across Azamgarh, Varanasi, and Lucknow n = 300 , with mental health assessed using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale PASS , Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire PRAQ , and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Analysis revealed significant regional variations, with Azamgarh showing consistently higher scores across all measures PASS M = 2.44, SD = 0.32 PRAQ M = 3.20, SD = 0.69 Edinburgh M = 2.22, SD = 0.33 compared to more urbanized Lucknow PASS M = 1.74, SD = 0.56 PRAQ M = 2.94, SD = 0.51 Edinburgh M = 1.99, SD = 0.23 . Varanasi consistently occupied an intermediate position with scores falling between these two extremes. Strong correlations between mental health measures r = 0.596–0.723, p 0.001 indicated substantial overlap between anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings highlight a clear urban rural gradient in perinatal mental health outcomes, suggesting that urbanization level and associated healthcare infrastructure play crucial roles in maternal psychological well being. The study underscores the need for context sensitive interventions that address the unique challenges faced by women in different urban environments. Jyoti Shikha | Dr. Tatheer Fatma "Regional Variations in Perinatal Mental Health Across North Indian Cities: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Anxiety and Depression Patterns" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97550.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/human-development-and-relationships/97550/regional-variations-in-perinatal-mental-health-across-north-indian-cities-a-multidimensional-analysis-of-anxiety-and-depression-patterns/jyoti-shikha

Online reviews have become a crucial part of consumer decision making, significantly influencing product reputation and sales. However, the rise of fake or manipulated product feedback poses a serious threat to trust, transparency, and the credibility of e commerce platforms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of how Artificial Intelligence AI and Machine Learning ML techniques are used to detect and prevent fake reviews. It highlights the evolution of AI based models, including Natural Language Processing NLP for text analysis, deep learning for feature extraction, and sentiment analysis for identifying deceptive patterns. The study also explores recent advancements such as transformer based models BERT, RoBERTa , multimodal analysis combining text, image, and user behavior, and graph based learning to enhance detection accuracy. Additionally, the paper discusses benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics, challenges in cross domain generalization, and the ethical implications of automated moderation. This review provides insights into current trends, identifies open research challenges, and outlines future directions for developing robust, transparent, and trustworthy AI systems to combat fake product feedback. Manish Adawadkar "AI-Powered Detection of Deceptive Product Feedback: A Review of Methods, Models, and Future Directions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97583.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97583/aipowered-detection-of-deceptive-product-feedback-a-review-of-methods-models-and-future-directions/manish-adawadkar

The transformation of Indian agriculture since Green Revolution through Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization LPG era has significantly redefined the role of farmers. Traditionally seen as cultivators rooted in indigenous knowledge and self reliant practices, farmers are increasingly positioned as consumers of agricultural knowledge and inputs produced by agribusiness corporations. This study analyses secondary data on agricultural production made available by the Government of India to examine the shifting trends in cropping patterns, input usage, and the growing influence of Agribusiness Corporations. The analysis reveals that the area under cultivation has declined for several traditional and less profitable crops while expanding for high value, profit oriented crops concentrated in irrigated regions. The seeds and inputs for these crops are largely supplied by Agribusiness Corporations through networks of Agri input dealers. The consumption of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has risen sharply, making India one of the highest consumers per hectare globally, despite its yield remaining below the world average. Simultaneously, export oriented cropping patterns have contributed to environmental challenges, including increased methane emissions and worsening water stress. Crops with declining cultivation areas are increasingly being imported, despite their ecological sustainability. The data also highlight that small and marginal farmers, constituting about 86 of the total farming population, are disproportionately burdened by the rising cost of inputs, leading to deepening indebtedness and marginalization. Overall, the findings illustrate how Agribusiness Corporations have transformed farming into a loss making venture and turned cultivators into consumers of corporate products and knowledge. Saraswat Saurav Ramkumar "From Cultivators to Consumers: Farmers in the Age of Agribusiness Corporations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97570.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/97570/from-cultivators-to-consumers-farmers-in-the-age-of-agribusiness-corporations/saraswat-saurav-ramkumar

Online reviews play a critical role in shaping consumer decisions, yet the rapid growth of user generated content has enabled the spread of fake or deceptive reviews. These fraudulent opinions can mislead customers, damage brand credibility, and distort online market trust. This paper reviews existing artificial intelligence AI and machine learning ML methods for detecting fake product feedback and proposes a scalable, Hadoop based framework that integrates text mining, sentiment analysis, and ML classification. The proposed system aims to enhance detection accuracy and computational efficiency for large scale datasets. This study contributes a unified approach that leverages AI and Big Data to safeguard digital marketplaces from deceptive information and restore consumer confidence. Zainab Barwaniwala | Parth Chandna | Abhinav Goud | Dr. Ramesh S. "A Review of Hadoop-Based Frameworks for Fake Review Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97585.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97585/a-review-of-hadoopbased-frameworks-for-fake-review-detection/zainab-barwaniwala

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the Internet, allowing government agencies to access shared resources without the need for extensive physical infrastructure. It is transforming government operations by enhancing efficiency, security, and service delivery through strategic adoption of cloud technologies, helping agencies meet their goals while optimizing costs. A lot of governments are moving toward cloud, and many are using a hybrid approach. The benefits of cloud computing for government agencies are substantial and specific. For forward thinking government leaders, additional value lies in cloud’s ability to accelerate the integration of transformative technologies like artificial intelligence, which is a priority for governments across the world. This paper examines the adoption and implementation cloud computing in the government context. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97595/cloud-computing-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The growing use of power electronic equipment, driven by increasing energy demand, has intensified issues related to harmonic distortion and poor power quality in electrical systems. Active Power Filters APFs have proven effective in mitigating such distortions, and this study introduces an advanced approach using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems ANFIS to enhance Pulse Width Modulation PWM control within APFs. The proposed ANFIS based method efficiently handles asymmetric selective harmonic current mitigation by combining the adaptive learning capability of neural networks with the decision making flexibility of fuzzy logic. The developed model is implemented in MATLAB to evaluate its performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ANFIS based technique significantly improves power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion THD from 3.59 to 0.15 . Furthermore, the system achieves voltage outputs of 300 V at a 5 level inverter and 500 V at a 7 level inverter, with corresponding current values of 6 A and 10 A, respectively. Compared with conventional Artificial Neural Network ANN based approaches, the proposed method achieves superior accuracy, stability, and harmonic suppression. These findings highlight ANFIS as a reliable and intelligent control solution for advanced power electronic applications, promoting improved efficiency and system dependability in modern power networks. Raman Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "ANFIS-Based Asymmetric Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation in Active Power Filters Using Enhanced PWM Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97586.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97586/anfisbased-asymmetric-selective-harmonic-current-mitigation-in-active-power-filters-using-enhanced-pwm-techniques/raman-kumar

This study analyzes Chinas SME development policies 2006 2024 to identify the implicit leadership competencies promoted by the state. Using grounded theory and computational textual analysis of 22 national policy documents with ATLAS.ti, the research reveals a distinct, policy driven leadership hierarchy. Strategic Guidance and Decision Making, Innovation and Change Leadership, and Organizational Management and Team Building emerged as the three dominant core competencies. In contrast, Market Expansion and Social Responsibility received minimal emphasis. The findings demonstrate a Chinese leadership model that prioritizes strategic alignment with national goals, innovation driven transformation, and internal governance over market oriented competencies, challenging the universality of Western leadership frameworks. Xian Hao Tang | Supakorn Suradinkura | Thunwa Chatikavanij "Developing a Leadership Framework SMEs: Policy Analysis through Grounded Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97573.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-policies-and-strategies/97573/developing-a-leadership-framework-smes-policy-analysis-through-grounded-theory/xian-hao-tang

This article takes the Road Traffic Safety Law as the core legal basis. By sorting out the limitations of the current laws definitions of motor vehicles and drivers , it analyzes the dilemma of road right allocation for unmanned logistics vehicles in mixed traffic scenarios. It also combines typical accident cases to dissect safety risk points such as technical malfunctions and responsibility division. A safety guarantee system of technical certification dynamic supervision is established. This research provides theoretical support for filling the legal supervision gap of unmanned logistics vehicles and promoting their legal and compliant operation on the road. Yu Zeyu | Qin Ran | Liu Yutong | Li Ruohan | Luan Minzhu "Research on Road Rights and Transportation Safety of Unmanned Logistics Vehicles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97569.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97569/research-on-road-rights-and-transportation-safety-of-unmanned-logistics-vehicles/yu-zeyu

This paper critically examines the contributions of Ashton and Felstead to the discourse on training and development, with particular emphasis on their insights into workplace learning, informal learning, and national skills policies. Drawing from seminal works such as the workplace skills agenda and the impact of informal learning on productivity, the study highlights their argument that effective skills development requires an integrated approach combining formal training with workplace based, experiential learning. Ashton and Felstead’s research challenges the traditional dominance of formal training models by demonstrating the pervasive and often more impactful role of informal learning in enhancing productivity, adaptability, and employability. The review also explores their contributions to understanding labour mobility, transferable skills, and the alignment of training strategies with both organisational goals and macroeconomic policies. Their work provides valuable guidance for Human Resource Management HRM practitioners and policymakers by underscoring the need for evidence based training strategies that bridge organisational needs with national skills frameworks. Methodologically, the paper draws on a thematic synthesis of Ashton and Felstead’s key publications, integrating critical discourse analysis with policy review. The findings reveal that sustainable skills development depends on recognising workplace learning as a dynamic, socially embedded process rather than a static, one off event. The paper concludes by recommending the integration of formal and informal learning strategies, promotion of transferable skills, and stronger policy practice linkages. These recommendations aim to create a more resilient workforce capable of thriving in an evolving global economy. Mensah Queen Egwe | Prof. M.D. Tamunomiebi "Training and Development: A Critical Analysis of the Work of David Ashton and Allan Felstead" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97590.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97590/training-and-development-a-critical-analysis-of-the-work-of-david-ashton-and-allan-felstead/mensah-queen-egwe

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the Internet, allowing government agencies to access shared resources without the need for extensive physical infrastructure. It is transforming government operations by enhancing efficiency, security, and service delivery through strategic adoption of cloud technologies, helping agencies meet their goals while optimizing costs. A lot of governments are moving toward cloud, and many are using a hybrid approach. The benefits of cloud computing for government agencies are substantial and specific. For forward thinking government leaders, additional value lies in cloud’s ability to accelerate the integration of transformative technologies like artificial intelligence, which is a priority for governments across the world. This paper examines the adoption and implementation cloud computing in the government context. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97595/cloud-computing-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Federal agencies and our nations critical infrastructure, such as energy, transportation, communications, and financial services, rely on information systems to carry out fundamental operations. These agencies are the custodians of a vast array of personal and critical data, spanning from citizen welfare to public safety and national security. Cyberattacks against government are becoming more common and have more severe impact. Cyberattacks and security incidents can disrupt critical government and public services, leading to significant economic, social, and political consequences. These jeopardize not just data, but the very health, safety, and security of the citizens the government serve. This paper explores challenges, opportunities, and action points for security leaders across the government. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Cybersecurity in Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97596.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97596/cybersecurity-in-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Neurodegenerative diseases NDs , such as Alzheimer’s disease AD , Parkinson’s disease PD , Huntington’s disease HD , and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS , are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss, leading to cognitive and motor impairments. Despite decades of research, effective disease modifying therapies remain elusive, mainly due to complex pathophysiology, genetic heterogeneity, and translational challenges in drug discovery. Drug repurposing identifying novel therapeutic applications for existing drugs offers an efficient, cost effective, and faster route for therapy development. Advances in artificial intelligence AI and pharmacogenomics are transforming this paradigm by enabling integrative data mining, predictive modeling, and patient stratification. This review highlights recent developments in AI driven drug repurposing pipelines, the role of pharmacogenomic profiling in precision medicine, and emerging case studies demonstrating successful application of these approaches. Finally, we discuss future opportunities and challenges in integrating AI and pharmacogenomics to establish a robust framework for personalized therapeutics in neurodegeneration. Shaziya Noor | Dr. Sharmin Siddiqui | Mohammad Rehan "Drug Repurposing for Neurodegenerative Diseases Using AI and Pharmacogenomic Approaches" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97549.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/97549/drug-repurposing-for-neurodegenerative-diseases-using-ai-and-pharmacogenomic-approaches/shaziya-noor

Masonry structures, often characterized by their historical significance and architectural value, face challenges in meeting modern safety and functional standards due to environmental degradation and seismic vulnerabilities. This study investigates the application of Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP systems in retrofitting masonry structures, focusing on their effectiveness in improving structural performance, cost efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Advanced FRP materials, including Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer CFRP , Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP , and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer BFRP , were evaluated through experimental testing, analytical modeling, and comparative analysis. The results indicate that FRP systems significantly enhance tensile, compressive, and seismic resistance in masonry structures. CFRP demonstrated the highest performance gains, achieving a tensile strength increase of 275 in clay brick specimens and improved ductility ratios under seismic conditions. GFRP provided a balance of performance and affordability, with a cost performance indexof1.85 and tensile strength enhancements of 153 in concrete block masonry. BFRP emerged as the most environmentally sustainable option, with the lowest carbon emissions 5.2 kg CO2 m² and energy consumption 60 MJ m² .While the study highlights the advantages of FRP systems, challenges such as debonding and anisotropic behavior emphasize the need for careful material selection and installation practices. The findings underscore the importance of tailored retrofitting strategies to achieve optimal performance and sustainability. This research contributes to advancing the application of FRP systems, supporting the preservation and strengthening of masonry structures in diverse contexts. Khaliq Mushtaq Wani | Er. Ajay Vikram "Major Retrofitting Techniques of Strengthening of Masonry Structures Utilizing Advanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer System and Its Impact: A Critical Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97598.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/97598/major-retrofitting-techniques-of-strengthening-of-masonry-structures-utilizing-advanced-fiber-reinforced-polymer-system-and-its-impact-a-critical-analysis/khaliq-mushtaq-wani

Tourism destinations are pivotal to the economic vitality of regions, acting as key drivers for business growth and regional development. In South West Nigeria, tourism destinations have increasingly adopted promotional marketing tools to enhance visibility, attract visitors, and stimulate economic activities. However, challenges in achieving sustained business growth persist, necessitating effective marketing strategies to bolster the tourism sector. This study evaluated the impact of promotional marketing tools on business growth in selected tourism destinations in South West Nigeria. A survey research design was employed, targeting a population of 450 marketing personnel across 12 tourism destinations at various operational levels in South West Nigeria. The total enumeration method was utilized, and data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire with Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.94. A total of 431 questionnaires were distributed, with 424 correctly completed and returned, yielding a response rate of 98.2 , sufficient for robust data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression, with SPSS version 27. Findings indicated that promotional marketing tools significantly influenced business growth in the selected tourism destinations Adj. R² = 0.392 F 4,438 = 55.632, p 0.05 . The study concluded that promotional marketing tools positively enhanced business growth in tourism destinations in South West Nigeria. It is recommended that destination management organizations prioritize innovative promotional strategies, forge strategic partnerships, and diversify tourism offerings to further accelerate business growth. Ndiulo, Ejike Omeni Henry | Esator, Goodluck Onyemuchechukwu "Evaluating the Impact of Promotional Marketing Tools on Business Growth in Tourism Destinations of South-West Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97599.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/97599/evaluating-the-impact-of-promotional-marketing-tools-on-business-growth-in-tourism-destinations-of-southwest-nigeria/ndiulo-ejike-omeni-henry

Background Type II Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a global health challenge, with India having a particularly high disease burden. While pharmacological treatments are effective, their cost and side effects have increased interest in complementary and alternative therapies. Fenugreek Trigonella foenum graecum is a traditional remedy with proven hypoglycemic properties, attributed to bioactive compounds like soluble fiber galactomannan and 4 hydroxylsoleucine. However, limited clinical evidence exists for the specific effectiveness of fenugreek seed water, a simple and culturally accepted preparation. Methods A quantitative pre experimental study using a one group pre test post test design was conducted. A sample of 60 patients with T2DM was selected from Mothrowala, Dehradun, via convenient sampling. The intervention involved the daily consumption of 10 grams of fenugreek seeds soaked overnight in 250 ml of water, taken on an empty stomach for 30 consecutive days. Random Blood Glucose RBG levels were measured using a calibrated glucometer before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a paired t test, and the Chi square test. Results The pre intervention mean RBG level was 219.32 mg dL, with 55 of participants in the moderate 181 250 mg dL and 25 in the high 250 mg dL categories. Post intervention, the mean RBG level significantly decreased to 180 mg dL. A substantial majority of participants 66.7 achieved controlled RBG levels 140 180 mg dL after the intervention. The paired t test revealed a statistically significant reduction in RBG levels t=8.118, p 0.05 . No significant association was found between the improvement in RBG levels and selected demographic variables. The intervention demonstrated 100 adherence and high acceptability with no reported adverse effects. Conclusion The study concludes that fenugreek water is an effective, safe, affordable, and culturally acceptable complementary therapy for reducing random blood glucose levels in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Its integration into community based diabetes management strategies is recommended to enhance glycaemic control. Karishma Thapa | Prof. Dr. Ponmari. K "Effectiveness of Fenugreek Water to Reduce Random Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Mothrowala Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97575.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97575/effectiveness-of-fenugreek-water-to-reduce-random-blood-glucose-level-among-patients-with-type-ii-diabetes-mellitus-in-mothrowala-dehradun/karishma-thapa

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the dynamic performance of a G 12 reinforced concrete RC structure subjected to seismic and wind loading conditions, focusing on a seismic Zone IV region with challenging aerodynamic effects. The investigation employs high fidelity finite element modeling FEM techniques to analyze critical structural parameters, including base shear, story displacement, inter story drift ratios, and modal frequencies. Seismic loading is assessed using the response spectrum method, while wind forces are evaluated via the static equivalent approach, in strict adherence to national design standards such as IS 456 2000, IS 1893 2016, and IS 875 2015. Key findings indicate that the structure demonstrates high resilience and compliance with safety and serviceability criteria, as maximum story displacement and drift ratios remain well within permissible limits. Modal analysis identifies a fundamental frequency of 1.5 Hz, with higher order modes exhibiting significant translational and torsional coupling, underscoring the necessity of torsional stability considerations in high rise design. Time history analysis further corroborates the seismic response, revealing peak top story accelerations of 0.35 g, aligned with the design input ground motion. Comparative wind load analysis confirms the aerodynamic stability of the structure, with minimal resonance effects. Additionally, non destructive testing NDT techniques, including rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, validate concrete compressive strength and material integrity, ensuring structural robustness. The study underscores the indispensable role of advanced computational modeling, performance based design strategies, and empirical validation techniques in optimizing seismic and wind resistant high rise structures. The findings contribute significantly to the evolving paradigm of structural engineering, offering strategic recommendations for enhancing urban infrastructure resilience. Future research should explore the integration of high performance materials, energy dissipation mechanisms, and adaptive damping systems to further fortify multistory buildings against extreme dynamic forces. Rayid Bin Abid | Dr. Preetpal Singh "Performance Evaluation of G+12 RC Structures under Seismic and Wind Loading: A Dynamic Analysis Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97623.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/97623/performance-evaluation-of-g12-rc-structures-under-seismic-and-wind-loading-a-dynamic-analysis-approach/rayid-bin-abid

The seismic resilience of Srinagar’s vernacular architecture exemplified by Dhajji Dewari and Taq construction systems epitomizes a nuanced synthesis of indigenous engineering acumen and environmental contextuality. This investigation undertakes a rigorous appraisal of these traditional typologies under dynamic seismic loading, juxtaposing their empirical and modeled performance with that of codified modern seismic resistant frameworks. Through integrative methodologies encompassing field surveys, finite element modeling, and non destructive material diagnostics, the study elucidates the mechanical behaviors, energy dissipation mechanisms, and failure modalities inherent to these historical systems. While the ductility imparted by timber latticing and modular infill configurations confer discernible structural advantages during moderate ground motion, significant limitations persist particularly with respect to material degradation, lack of standardized reinforcement protocols, and vulnerability to high magnitude events. The research underscores the criticality of adaptive retrofitting as a pragmatic and cost efficient conduit for enhancing structural resilience while safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. Case specific interventions, such as the strategic integration of steel connectors, reinforced masonry, and hybrid bonding agents, are shown to substantively augment structural robustness with minimal disruption to architectural authenticity. The absence of codified retrofitting guidelines, however, remains a substantive barrier to large scale implementation. The study advocates for a multi stakeholder paradigm encompassing policy formulation, technical standardization, and community level engagement to operationalize seismic risk mitigation in heritage rich, high hazard zones. Ultimately, this research advances the discourse on heritage preservation and disaster resilience by proposing a conciliatory framework that harmonizes traditional construction wisdom with contemporary seismic engineering imperatives. Muntazir Farooq | Dr. Preetpal Singh "Impact of Traditional Construction Techniques on the Seismic Performance of Srinagars Dwellings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97624.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/97624/impact-of-traditional-construction-techniques-on-the-seismic-performance-of-srinagars-dwellings/muntazir-farooq

Tuft cells are specialized epithelial cells scattered throughout various mucosal tissues, including the intestine, respiratory tract, and pancreas. Once thought to be rare and functionally inert, tuft cells are now recognized as key chemosensory and immunomodulatory cells with significant roles in maintaining epithelial integrity. Recent studies have revealed their dynamic involvement in tissue regeneration, particularly through interactions with immune cells and local stem cell niches. This review summarizes the current understanding of tuft cell biology and highlights their emerging role in tissue repair across different organ systems. We discuss the signaling pathways, molecular markers, and regenerative potential of tuft cells, as well as their relevance in disease and regenerative medicine. Shejwal Nikita Babulal | Pooja Rasal | Gauri Paithankar | Pooja Lasure "Immunoepithelial Crosstalk in Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Tuft Cells: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97634.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97634/immunoepithelial-crosstalk-in-regeneration-the-emerging-role-of-tuft-cells-a-review/shejwal-nikita-babulal

This chapter explores the role of parents in managing Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD and other mental disorders in children, integrating Ayurvedic concepts with modern approaches. It emphasizes the significance of parental involvement, lifestyle, diet, and therapeutic interventions for holistic care. Dr. Hardik Joshi | Mrs. Vandana Hardik Joshi | Dr. Bharati Ratdiya "Parents’ Role in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Other Mental Disorders of Children: An Ayurvedic Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97636.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97636/parents’-role-in-the-treatment-of-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-and-other-mental-disorders-of-children-an-ayurvedic-perspective/dr-hardik-joshi

The integration of technology into logistics and supply chain management LSCM has emerged as a critical driver of efficiency, responsiveness, and sustainability across both private and non governmental organizations. Despite these benefits, humanitarian NGOs frequently encounter barriers to the adoption of technology driven solutions, often due to financial, infrastructural, and institutional constraints. This study investigates the challenges faced by ADRA Rwanda in adopting and implementing technology enhanced LSCM systems. A purposive sampling strategy was employed, targeting the entire population of 108 ADRA staff and managers. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency tables, weighted means, standard deviations, and percentages while inferential analysis was conducted through multiple regression, with R language serving as the analytical tool. The findings highlight several significant obstacles. A large majority 96 respondents, 88.89 indicated that warehouse staff lack regular training on logistics related technologies. Limited internet connectivity was identified as a critical barrier, with 96 respondents 88.89 agreeing and 12 11.11 strongly agreeing. Resistance to change appeared less severe, as 93 respondents 86.11 were neutral, while 15 13.89 agreed it could pose a challenge. Data security concerns were not widely considered an obstacle, as 88 respondents 81.48 disagreed and 20 18.52 remained neutral. However, high implementation cost emerged as the most significant barrier, with 96 respondents 88.89 strongly agreeing and ranking it first among the challenges identified. Based on these findings, the study recommends that ADRA Rwanda invest in continuous capacity building for warehouse staff to improve technological competence, negotiate partnerships with service providers to enhance internet connectivity, and explore phased or donor supported financing models to mitigate high implementation costs. Addressing these challenges is vital for advancing digital transformation in humanitarian supply chains and strengthening organizational effectiveness. Jean Nyirigira "Barriers to the Adoption of Technology-Driven Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Non-Governmental Organizations: Evidence from ADRA, Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97635.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/97635/barriers-to-the-adoption-of-technologydriven-logistics-and-supply-chain-management-in-nongovernmental-organizations-evidence-from-adra-rwanda/jean-nyirigira

BACKGROUND Jaundice refers to the yellow color of the skin and whites of eyes that happens when there is too much bilirubin in the blood. It is a benign transient physiological event in the majority of newborns but can cause irreversible brain damage and kernicterus in infants if the serum bilirubin levels are very high. Phototherapy and massage is used for the treatment when serum bilirubin levels exceed physiological limits. AIM Aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of photo therapy v s photo therapy and Massage on reducing bilirubin level in neonates with jaundice admitted in NICU, GGSCMandH, Faridkot, Punjab. METHODS A Quasi experimental research design was used to conduct the present study. Convenient sampling was used to select 70 neonates having jaundice 35 were in photo therapy group and 35 were in photo therapy and massage group and randomly allocated in both groups. Sociodemographic profile and Lab Investigations was used to collect the data. RESULTS The present study results revealed that pre intervention mean baseline total serum bilirubin level in photo therapy group was 14.960±2.1868 and 16.043±2.8421 in photo therapy and massage group respectively. Post intervention mean baseline total serum bilirubin level in photo therapy group was 11.991±2.4042 and 10.180±2.4096 in photo therapy and massage group respectively. Paired t test was applied for statistical analysis. Results showed t value 3.148 at df 68 with p value .002 which is found to be significant at p 0.05. It proved that there is significant difference in baseline mean of reduction in total serum bilirubin level more rapidly in photo therapy and massage than photo therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that Photo Therapy and Massage is more effective in reducing bilirubin level rapidly in neonates than Photo Therapy alone. Kaur Jigarjeet | Rawat H. C. L. | Sethi Amanpreet "A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Photo Therapy v/s Photo Therapy and Massage on Reducing Bilirubin Level in Neonates with Jaundice Admitted in NICU" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97637.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97637/a-quasi-experimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-photo-therapy-vs-photo-therapy-and-massage-on-reducing-bilirubin-level-in-neonates-with-jaundice-admitted-in-nicu/kaur-jigarjeet

Worm infestations, also known as helminthic infections, are a widespread public health issue, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene. Common parasitic worms affecting humans include Ascaris lumbricoides roundworm , Enterobius vermicularis Pinworm and Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus Hookworms . These parasites primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract but can also migrate to other organs, causing systemic complications.Worm infestation, or helminthiasis, is a common parasitic condition affecting millions worldwide. Worm infestations, particularly among children, continue to be a significant public health concern in many developing countries. conventional anthelmintic medications are commonly used, concerns regarding drug resistance, recurrence, and side effects have led many to explore alternative approaches. Homoeopathy, based on the principle of “like cures like”, offers a gentle and holistic alternative that aims to stimulate the body’s own healing response.Homoeopathy, with its individualized and holistic treatment methodology, presents a gentle and potentially effective option for managing worm infestations.Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized homoeopathic management in the treatment of worm infestations, with a focus on reducing symptom severity, improving overall health, and minimizing recurrence, while offering a safe, non toxic treatment. Dr. Komal Patel "Role of Homoeopathic Management in Worm Infestations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97638.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/97638/role-of-homoeopathic-management-in-worm-infestations/dr-komal-patel

The current telecommunications industry is characterized by intense competition, where the issue of customer churn has become particularly pronounced, posing a significant obstacle to corporate development. This study utilizes customer data from a telecommunications company and employs a decision tree model to analyze customer churn. The results identify key factors influencing churn, such as customer tenure, monthly charges, and binding mechanisms e.g., contract type , providing a basis for enterprises to formulate customer retention strategies. Tan Xin | Shen Shixian | Guo Jiayi "Telecom Customer Churn Analysis Based on Decision Tree Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97566.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/97566/telecom-customer-churn-analysis-based-on-decision-tree-model/tan-xin

Aiming at the limitations of traditional logistic regression in handling high dimensional nonlinear data and class imbalance in financial credit risk assessment, this paper uses the GiveMeSomeCredit dataset. Missing monthly income values were filled using random forest, skewed features were corrected by log quantile transformation, expanding features from 4 dimensions to 27 nonlinear features were transformed using WOE encoding, and an ensemble model was constructed combining logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine, while class imbalance of 1 14 was handled by under sampling and cost sensitive learning. Experiments show that the GBM model is optimal, improving 9.4 over baseline logistic regression and saving 390,000 yuan annually in bad debt costs WOE encoded logistic regression maintains full interpretability and meets regulatory requirements. The study provides support for risk control decision making in financial institutions. Chang Xinyuan "Research on Financial Credit Risk Assessment Model Based on WOE Encoding and Ensemble Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/97600/research-on-financial-credit-risk-assessment-model-based-on-woe-encoding-and-ensemble-learning/chang-xinyuan

In the era of digital transformation, the hospitality industry has undergone a paradigm shift driven by user generated content and online feedback mechanisms. Online reviews and ratings have emerged as key determinants of consumer behavior, shaping purchasing decisions, brand reputation, and service quality perceptions. This paper explores the evolving role of online reviews and ratings in the digital hospitality ecosystem, examining how they influence customer trust, booking intentions, and brand competitiveness. It also discusses the integration of artificial intelligence AI and sentiment analysis tools in managing and analyzing digital feedback. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for hospitality managers to leverage online reputation systems for sustainable growth and customer engagement. Akshay Nain "Hospitality Industry in the Digital Age: The Role of Online Reviews and Ratings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97639.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97639/hospitality-industry-in-the-digital-age-the-role-of-online-reviews-and-ratings/akshay-nain

Wearable technology, once predominantly associated with step counters and fitness trackers, represents a new frontier in workplace innovation. From the Apple Watch to Google Glass, wearable technology is big in the consumer market and holds even bigger promises for boosting workplace productivity and employee health. In the workplace, wearable technology uses smart devices to monitor worker health, safety, and performance by tracking vital signs, fatigue, proximity to hazards, and location. Its benefits include increased safety, productivity, and improved worker well being. They present an exciting opportunity for workplaces. They can streamline workflows, improve time management, boost overall productivity, provide stress management tools, improve communication and workplace safety, and increase job satisfaction. This paper aims to examine the impact of wearable technologies in the workplace. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Janet O. Sadiku "Wearable Technologies in the Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97605.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97605/wearable-technologies-in-the-workplace/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The growing global emphasis on sustainability has highlighted the critical role of green institutional governance in shaping the trajectory of educational development, particularly within developing nations. This study examines how policy implementation gaps in green governance frameworks influence sustainable development outcomes in tertiary institutions. Anchored on the principles of sustainable development and institutional theory, the research adopts a mixed methods approach that integrates quantitative survey data from 200 academic and administrative personnel across selected universities and polytechnics with qualitative insights from in depth interviews involving policymakers and institutional managers. Findings reveal that while most institutions have adopted sustainability policies in principle, significant gaps persist in implementation due to inadequate institutional capacity, weak policy enforcement mechanisms, limited stakeholder engagement, and insufficient funding. The study also identifies a disconnect between national green policy objectives and institutional level operational practices, leading to suboptimal environmental performance, resource inefficiencies, and missed opportunities for innovation in green education. The results underscore the need for coherent governance structures, capacity building initiatives, and effective monitoring frameworks to strengthen the institutionalization of green practices in higher education. The study contributes to the discourse on sustainable education by offering a model of Green Governance Alignment that links policy formulation, institutional practice, and educational outcomes in developing contexts. It concludes that closing the governance implementation gap is pivotal to achieving long term sustainability and resilience in tertiary education systems. Muhammed Adamu Obomeghie | Asekomhe Chris Oshiorenoya "Green Institutional Governance and Sustainable Educational Development in Developing Nations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97647.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97647/green-institutional-governance-and-sustainable-educational-development-in-developing-nations/muhammed-adamu-obomeghie

Cord blood also known as placental and umbilical cord blood is the left over blood present in the placenta and a section of umbilical cord after it has been cut after the birth of the baby. Cord blood banking involves collecting blood left in newborns umbilical cord and placenta and storing it for future medical use. Cord blood contains potentially lifesaving cells called Stem cell. Cord blood contains RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma along with blood hematopoietic blood forming stem cells that are similar to the ones found in bone marrow.“A pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers in selected areas of Dehradun”The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers in selected areas of Dehradun.OBJECTIVES • To assess the pretest level of knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking.• To develop a planned health teaching program for umbilical stem cell banking.• To assess the posttest level of knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding umbilical cord stem cell banking.• To find out the significant difference between Pre test and Post test.• To find out the association between level of knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers with their selected demographic variables.METHOD AND MATERIAL The study was adopted with quantitative approach, using Pre experimental, one group pretest post test design. The study was carried out in Mehuwala area of Dehradun. Data was collected from Antenatal mothers using self structured Questionnaires before and after planned teaching program. Used tool for demographic variables and self structured questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking. The data were calculated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS The study result shows, the study result showed, mean value of pre test level of knowledge is 7.3, SD = 1.185 while mean value of post test knowledge score is 18, SD= 1.3660 for the respective tool. There was a significant difference between the pre test and post test level of knowledge. The obtained t – value is 29.88 for was greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance.CONCLUSION The study concluded that after planned teaching program the level of knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking increased. Firstly majority 54 90 antenatal mothers were having poor knowledge and 6 10 antenatal mothers were having average knowledge and 0 0 of them having good level of knowledge. After planned teaching program it was observed that 0 0 antenatal mothers were having poor knowledge, 2 3 antenatal mothers were having average knowledge, and 58 97 antenatal mothers was having good level of knowledge. It indicates planned teaching program is an effective method. Charu Panwar | Kajal Panwar | Anjali Rai | Amarnath Pandit | Kritika Chauhan | Geetika Rajput "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking among Antenatal Mothers in Selected Areas of Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97632.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97632/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-knowledge-regarding-umbilical-cord-blood-stem-cell-banking-among-antenatal-mothers-in-selected-areas-of-dehradun/charu-panwar

In recent years, wearable technology has significantly impacted the sports and performance. This technology is becoming indispensable for anyone looking to gain a competitive edge in the sports world. Wearable technologies have become increasingly popular in recent years, as athletes and coaches look for ways to gain a competitive edge. They have become a pivotal tool in sports, revolutionizing how athletes train, compete, and recover. Wearable technology in sports uses electronic devices to track athletes physical activity, physiological responses, and biomechanical movements to improve performance, optimize training, and prevent injuries. These devices include GPS trackers, heart rate monitors, and motion sensors, among others. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the various uses of wearables in sports. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Janet O. Sadiku "Wearable Technologies in Sports" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97606.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97606/wearable-technologies-in-sports/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Anila Rasa is a classical Rasoushadhi mentioned in Rasa Yoga Sagara which is indicated in Pandu Roga and Shotha. It contains Rasa Sindhoora, Tamra Bhasma, Shuddha Gandhaka, and Shuddha Vatsanabha, prepared with Chitraka Moola Kashaya Bhavana. The Bhavana process with Chitraka Moola Kashaya enhances Deepana, Pachana, and Agnivardhana properties, correcting Agnimandya the prime Nidana in Pandu Roga. Rasa Sindhoora acts as a Rasayana, Tamra Bhasma supports Yakrit Uttejana and Rakta Shodhana, Shuddha Gandhaka contributes to Rasayana and Twachya properties, while Shuddha Vatsanabha acts as a Yogavahi and Shothahara. The synergistic action of these ingredients aids in Rasa Dhatu Poshana, enhances Agni, and alleviates symptoms like Panduta, Daurbalya, and Shotha. This review highlights the classical reference, probable pharmacodynamic actions, and therapeutic significance of Anila Rasa, establishing it as a potent Rasoushadhi for disorders involving Rasa Dhatu Dushti such as Pandu Roga and Shotha. Chaithra K | Laxmibai Kurle | Ravi R Chavan "Anila Rasa: A Comprehensive Review on Its Classical Relevance and Therapeutic Potentials" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97618.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97618/anila-rasa-a-comprehensive-review-on-its-classical-relevance-and-therapeutic-potentials/chaithra-k

Vangashtaka is a Rasaushadhi mentioned in Rasendrasara Sangraha and Bhaisajya Ratnavali, primarily indicated for Prameha. This formulation is composed of 8 purified Rasa dravyas, Suddha Parada Suddha Gandhaka, Lauha Bhasma, Rajata Bhasma, Kharpara Bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma, and Vanga bhasma Vangashtaka is known for its Rasayana Agnideepana Medohara and Srotoshodhaka properties, It plays a significant role in correcting Dhatvagnimandya ,balancing kapha Medodhatu and enchancing Ojas and Vyadhikshamatva this formulaction acts on Rasavaha, Medhovaha and Mutravaha Srotas, making it beneficial in conditions like Madhumeha, Visucika, vishamajvara, Gulma, Arsas and Kshyaroga. Its Agnideepana and Rasayana effects Improve gut health, metabolic balance and tissue rejuvenation. Vangasthataka with its Multi Mettallic composition acts as a potent Rasayana and Pramehaghna yoga, addressing Santarpanajanya vikar, its therapeutic potential in diabetes, digestive disorders chronic diseases makes it a valuable formulation in Ayurveda, However clinical Validation and standardization are required for broader therapeutic applications. Dr. Archana H S | Dr. Laxmi Kurle | Dr. Ravi Chavan "Vangaashtaka Yoga: A Critical Review on Its Mode of Action and Therapeutic Spectrum" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97621.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97621/vangaashtaka-yoga-a-critical-review-on-its-mode-of-action-and-therapeutic-spectrum/dr-archana-h-s

In recent years, wearable technology has gained immense popularity as a powerful tool for enhancing fitness and well being. Wearable technology has emerged as a game changer in enhancing fitness and well being. Wearable fitness technology includes devices like smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart rings, and smart apparel that collect real time data on physical activity, sleep, and physiological metrics such as heart rate and body temperature. With features like fitness tracking, heart rate monitoring, sleep optimization, and personalized coaching, wearables empower individuals to take charge of their health. Today, wearable devices can track more fitness and health biomarkers than ever before. In this paper, we examine how integral wearable devices have been across the fitness industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Wearable Fitness Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97703/wearable-fitness-technology/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Menopause is a natural life phase. Menopause is as important to the female life cycle as menstruation and pregnancy, which has always been misunderstood in our culture. Just as menstruation begins to signify the transformation of a woman from a girl to a woman, menopause means the transfer of a woman from a wise woman to a wise elder. A womans body begins to prepare for menopause at the age of forty. As many smart women have found out, this is much more than the physical change from childhood to free childhood. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding osteoporosis among menopausal women in selected community areas of District Amritsar, Punjab. METHODS A pre experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding osteoporosis among menopausal women. A total of 60 menopausal were selected using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through self structured questionnaire. The pre test was performed and structured teaching programme was executed following the post test. RESULTS The study results found that 48.3 had good knowledge, 45 had average knowledge, while just 6.7 had excellent knowledge regarding osteoporosis among menopausal women. Post test scores 41.7 women had good knowledge, while 36.7 had excellent knowledge, and 21.7 had average knowledge regarding osteoporosis among menopausal women. The mean distance is 7,583. The computed t value is 7,086, p value 0.001, highly significant at 1 . This shows that the structured teaching programme is effective in increasing the knowledge of menopause women about osteoporosis. In addition, association of socio demographic variables education status p=0.005 , and dietary patterns p=0.044 , were shown to be significant at 5 . CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that structured teaching programme had significant effect on knowledge of menopausal women in community regarding prevention of osteoporosis. Kaur Charanjit | Kaur Satinder | Kaur Harjinderpal "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Osteoporosis among Menopausal Women in Selected Community Areas of District Amritsar, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97648.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/97648/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-osteoporosis-among-menopausal-women-in-selected-community-areas-of-district-amritsar-punjab/kaur-charanjit

The quick use of remote and hybrid work setups has changed how companies operate, especially in the Information Technology IT field. This study looks at how these new ways of working affect Human Resource Management HRM policies, with a focus on IT workers. The research shows how usual HR tasks like hiring, training, evaluating performance, keeping employees engaged and balancing work and personal life have changed to fit the flexible nature of remote and hybrid work. The study used a descriptive design, mainly through surveys, to gather IT employees views on changes in policies and how these changes affect productivity, teamwork, and how much employees care about their organization. The results show that while remote and hybrid work offers more flexibility, lowers employee turnover, and increases job satisfaction, it also brings challenges like assessing performance, keeping communication open, and keeping the company culture strong. The study suggests that HR managers need to create new policies that use digital tools, support employee well being, and encourage inclusive practices that work well in flexible work environments. Research Design and Samples This descriptive research used a convenience sampling method, surveying 60 IT professionals from the Coimbatore area. The study used a quantitative approach with data from surveys and in depth interviews with IT professionals. Tools of Data Collection Data was collected using a self designed interview schedule to gather personal profiles. Dr. P. Srilekha | Ms. Alfiya M "The Impact of Remote and Hybrid Work Models on Human Resource Management Policies: A Study of IT Professionals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97651.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97651/the-impact-of-remote-and-hybrid-work-models-on-human-resource-management-policies-a-study-of-it-professionals/dr-p-srilekha

The fast use of Artificial Intelligence AI in Human Resource Management HRM has changed how performance is assessed, making it more based on data, clear and efficient. This study looks at how IT workers feel about using AI to evaluate employee performance. The research covers important areas like fairness, accuracy, transparency, reducing bias, trust in the system and how AI affects employee motivation and career growth. A survey was given to IT professionals in selected companies in Coimbatore and the responses were studied using both basic and advanced statistical methods. The results show that while workers see AI as a way to make assessments fairer and less biased, they also have worries about privacy, missing human judgment and depending too much on algorithms. Research Design and Samples The study used a descriptive design. For sampling, the researcher used convenience sampling and included 60 IT professionals from Coimbatore. Tools of data collection The researcher used a self made questionnaire to gather socio demographic information. Another questionnaire was used to collect views on AI and performance appraisal. The study found that 16.7 of respondents have a moderate level of understanding about AI and performance appraisal, 70.0 have a high level and 13.3 have a low level. Dr. Lourds Shammine | Ms. Hasika G "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Performance Appraisal: A Study on IT Employees’ Perceptions in Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97652.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97652/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-enhancing-performance-appraisal-a-study-on-it-employees’-perceptions-in-coimbatore-district/dr-lourds-shammine

The use of Artificial Intelligence AI in higher education is changing how teaching, learning and institutions operate. This study looks at how professors from Arts and Science Colleges in Coimbatore District see the benefits and difficulties of using AI in teaching, learning and research. The study used a quantitative approach, collecting data through interviews with 100 faculty members and surveys sent to professors in various fields like arts, humanities, life sciences, physical sciences and commerce. The results show that professors see many benefits of AI, such as helping students learn more effectively, making assessments easier, supporting decisions based on data, encouraging teamwork across different subjects and preparing students for future jobs. However, there are also several problems. These include not having enough equipment, reliable internet and proper software, lack of digital skills among teachers and students, worries about ethics and cheating, resistance to change and not enough support from the institution in terms of rules, training and money. Also, different subjects had different views science teachers were more positive about AI’s use, while arts and humanities teachers were more worried about how AI might affect creativity, original ideas and cultural understanding. The study used a descriptive research method with a non probability sampling approach, specifically purposive sampling. The researcher chose professors based on purposeful selection and used an interview schedule to get information from 100 professors. Dr. M. Punitha | Ms. Mohana Priya S "Professors’ Perspectives on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Arts and Science Colleges: Challenges and Opportunities in Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97653.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97653/professors’-perspectives-on-the-adoption-of-artificial-intelligence-in-arts-and-science-colleges-challenges-and-opportunities-in-coimbatore-district/dr-m-punitha

This study investigates the influence of family friendly human resource management HRM policies on employee performance, including practices such as flexible working hours, parental leave, childcare support, work from home options and wellness initiatives. These policies are increasingly recognized as strategic tools to enhance employee satisfaction and productivity. Despite their global significance, the adoption and effectiveness of such policies in the Indian context, particularly in Tier II cities like Coimbatore, remain underexplored. A mixed methods approach was adopted, with data collected from 60 employees across selected manufacturing companies in Coimbatore. Quantitative data were analyzed using regression and correlation models to examine the relationship between family friendly policies and key dimensions of employee performance such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, absenteeism and productivity. Qualitative insights were gathered through focus group discussions with HR managers and employees to capture perceptions of inclusivity, work life balance and organizational support. The research design involved data collection through in depth interviews, focus groups, participant observations and content analysis of text. Data analysis included identifying patterns, themes and narratives within the data, employing techniques such as thematic analysis, grounded theory and discourse analysis. Rich descriptions provided detailed insights and interpretations, with results often presented as themes or narratives rather than statistical data. Mr. Prem Kumar. V | Ms. Tharani B "Impact of Family-Friendly HRM Policies in Organizational Employees Performance with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97654.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97654/impact-of-familyfriendly-hrm-policies-in-organizational-employees-performance-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/mr-prem-kumar-v

This study looks at how artificial intelligence AI can help make faculty diversity and inclusion stronger in higher education, especially in colleges in Coimbatore district. The research uses a mix of methods, including looking at numbers from HR and recruitment records and talking to teaching staff, department leaders and diversity officers from both public and private colleges. The study checks out several uses of AI, like using algorithms to find good candidates, tools to spot bias in job ads and performance reviews, systems that suggest tailored professional development, ways to make teaching more accessible for everyone and tools to track the campus climate and how well people stay. The research also finds some unique problems in Coimbatore, such as differences in how good the digital tools are not enough knowledge about AI among staff and worries about how hard it is to understand how AI decisions are made. The paper gives useful advice to school leaders in the area, such as checking for bias regularly, including people in the AI process, training staff better and testing low risk AI tools with clear ways to measure their impact. Research Design and Samples This study used a simple random method to pick 60 faculties’ arts and science colleges in Coimbatore. It combined numbers from surveys with deeper interviews to get more detailed views. Tools of Data Collection Information was gathered through a self made interview form to collect personal details. Dr. P. Natarajan | Mr. Saravana Mugesh K "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Faculty Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97655.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97655/leveraging-artificial-intelligence-to-enhance-faculty-diversity-and-inclusion-in-higher-education/dr-p-natarajan

Green Chemistry GC is an emerging and dynamic field that is gaining considerable attention in both academic and industrial settings. A core strategy in GC involves replacing hazardous solvents with safer, more environmentally benign alternatives that can be seamlessly integrated into chemical processes. One of the most prominent branches of GC is Green Analytical Chemistry GAC , which emphasizes the reduction or elimination of toxic, harmful, and environmentally persistent chemicals through the innovative design of products and processes. This approach represents a modern and science driven method for environmental protection, playing a significant role in addressing issues such as global warming, acid rain, and climate change. At its foundation, green chemistry promotes higher efficiency, improved selectivity, and reduced waste generation making it a vital tool in combating environmental pollution. In the chemical industry, the primary objective is to reduce negative impacts on both human health and the environment. Achieving this requires researchers to focus on extending the life cycle of chemicals through strategies that involve risk minimization and the evaluation of potential hazards in a sustainable manner. With the global population expected to reach 9 billion by 2055, it becomes increasingly important to preserve critical resources like food, energy, fibers, and animal feed. The future depends on sustainable, renewable innovations that can help meet these growing demands. Green chemistry also faces interdisciplinary challenges. To fully understand and apply GC principles, collaboration across diverse scientific and engineering disciplines is necessary. Even emerging fields such as biochemistry and nano chemistry hold significant potential to contribute meaningfully to advancements in green chemistry research. Manish K Srivastav "An Overview of Recent Advances in Green Chemistry Strategies for Pharmaceutical Synthesis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97656.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/97656/an-overview-of-recent-advances-in-green-chemistry-strategies-for-pharmaceutical-synthesis/manish-k-srivastav

Artificial Intelligence AI has quickly changed how companies find, evaluate, and hire people for jobs. AI tools used in the hiring process are fast, accurate and say they are fair. But they also bring real problems for people looking for work. This study looks at the main issues, thoughts and experiences of job seekers who use AI based hiring platforms. It shows important problems like biased algorithms, unclear steps in the hiring process, less personal interaction, technical issues and worries about keeping personal data safe. The study uses a descriptive approach, collecting data from job seekers in different fields in Coimbatore District through set questionnaires. The results should show how AI affects job seekers satisfaction, their sense of fairness and their chances of getting a job. The study also gives suggestions for better AI hiring systems. These systems would be fair, clear and easy to use, combining the speed of technology with the care of human interaction. This research adds to the discussion about ethical AI and fair hiring practices in India. Research Design and Samples The researcher used a descriptive design and collected data through non probability sampling using convenience methods. The sample included 100 job seekers from Coimbatore District. Tools for Data Collection The researcher used a self made interview schedule to gather personal information and also gave a questionnaire about the challenges faced in AI based hiring. The study found that 62 of the respondents faced high levels of challenges in AI based recruitment systems. 23 reported moderate challenges and 15 saw low challenges. Dr. Revathi Priya. R | Ms. Anisha "A Study on the Challenges Faced by Job Seekers in AI-Based Recruitment Systems in Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97657.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97657/a-study-on-the-challenges-faced-by-job-seekers-in-aibased-recruitment-systems-in-coimbatore-district/dr-revathi-priya-r

Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized. They share characteristics like radical novelty, fast growth, prominent impact, uncertainty, with future influence on various industries. They are often perceived as capable of changing the status quo. They include a variety of technologies such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics, Internet of things, and 3D printing. Emerging technologies stand as the vanguard of a new era by enabling novel tools and profound reshaping of industries, societies, and individual lives. This paper provides an overview of popular general purpose emerging technologies. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies: Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97545.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/97545/emerging-technologies-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

A quantum computer is a device that makes use of quantum mechanical phenomena to process data. It would enable more effective algorithms by introducing operations that are not possible in classical machines. Quantum computation is a cutting edge area of study that combines principles from computer science and quantum mechanics to revolutionize the way data is processed. The power of quantum computation lies in its ability to exploit quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement, enabling it to solve complex problems such as factoring large numbers and searching databases more efficiently. We have not yet reached the advent of useful quantum computation, but when we do, it will affect nearly all scientific disciplines. In this paper, our aim is to provide the necessary insights for an understanding of the field of quantum computation. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Computation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97650.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/97650/quantum-computation/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The growing number of college students experiencing depression and anxiety has become a big worry for public health, especially in busy academic settings like those in Coimbatore District. Spotting these issues early and acting quickly is very important to stop them from getting worse. In this situation, Artificial Intelligence AI has a big role to play in helping find signs of mental health problems early on. This study looks at how AI tools such as machine learning, natural language processing and predictive analytics can help detect early signs of depression and anxiety in college students. These AI systems can study things like behavior, social media activity, the way people speak and physical responses to spot students who might be at risk. The study uses a descriptive research design and focuses on students from Arts and Science colleges in Coimbatore District. It aims to understand how aware students are of AI tools, what they think about them and whether they accept them for mental health checks. Data will be gathered through questionnaires and then analyzed using statistical methods to see how using AI relates to better early diagnosis. The results are likely to show how AI can help improve mental health support on campus, make people feel better emotionally and reduce the shame people feel about mental health problems. Overall, the study shows how important it is to use AI in student counseling systems to create a more proactive and data based way of looking after mental health in higher education. Dr. M. Punitha | Mr. Keerthi Ganesh "Role of AI in Early Detection of Depression and Anxiety among College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97658.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97658/role-of-ai-in-early-detection-of-depression-and-anxiety-among-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-m-punitha

This study looks at how Artificial Intelligence AI is used in training and development TandD in IT companies in Coimbatore. The goal is to understand how AI powered learning tools affect skill growth, how quickly people learn and how ready organizations are to adopt new technologies. Coimbatore has become a key area for IT and startups in Tamil Nadu, which makes it a good place to study AI use in workplace learning. The research uses a mix of methods, including surveys of employees and learning and development LandD managers from major local IT companies, like big service firms and growing product startups, along with interviews and analysis of company learning platforms. Companies were chosen based on recent industry listings and profiles to cover both well established and new businesses. The results show that AI tools such as adaptive learning platforms, automated skill gap analysis, personalized learning paths and real time feedback systems greatly help in making training relevant, increasing completion rates and speeding up the time it takes for workers to gain new skills. Companies also say they can better target re skilling programs and align learning with business goals. Methodology of Study The study used a descriptive research design and probability sampling as the method for selecting participants. To get data from participants, the researcher used a basic random sampling lottery method. An interview schedule was used to collect data from 60 people. Dr. G. Lourds Shammine | Ms. Nivetha M "Role of Artificial Intelligence in Training and Development for Employees with Reference to It Companies, Coimbatore Districts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97659.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97659/role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-training-and-development-for-employees-with-reference-to-it-companies-coimbatore-districts/dr-g-lourds-shammine

The fast spread of artificial intelligence AI tools is changing how undergraduate students do research in different subjects. This study looks at how AI is affecting research skills, the ways students choose methods, academic honesty and what students think they are learning. The research used a descriptive method, gathering data from 100 final year students in arts and science colleges through a survey. It also included 100 student researchers who had structured interviews. The data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative part looked at how often and for what reasons students used AI tools like for finding literature, analyzing data, helping with writing and managing citations. It also looked at how students rate their research skills and their feelings about AI. The qualitative part explored students’ experiences, the benefits they saw and their worries about ethics. The results show most students use AI regularly for finding information and writing drafts. They say it helps them work faster and come up with better ideas, but there is variation in how it impacts their ability to critically evaluate sources and use proper research methods. Teachers and students mentioned saving time and getting more sources, but also worried about becoming too dependent on AI, the risk of plagiarism and less development of important research skills like careful analysis and understanding statistics. Students who were taught how to use AI responsibly were better at using it with good research methods and felt more confident in their results. The study suggests that colleges should include AI education in their research courses, create rules for using AI ethically and train teachers to help students think critically about AI. These steps can help make the most of AIs benefits while keeping research quality and academic honesty high in Coimbatore’s universities. Dr. M. Punitha | Ms. Parija Farsana. V. M "Impact of AI in Research Studies among Arts and Science College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97660.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97660/impact-of-ai-in-research-studies-among-arts-and-science-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-m-punitha

The growing use of Artificial Intelligence AI in schools has changed how students learn and how parents help with their childrens schoolwork. This study looks at how AI based tools help reduce stress, tiredness and emotional exhaustion for parents as they support their kids with homework. It uses a descriptive research method to understand what parents think about these tools, how often they use them and how effective they are. Tools like smart tutoring systems, homework planners and AI chatbots are studied to see how they help. A total of 100 parents from private schools in Coimbatore were chosen carefully for this study. They filled out a survey about how often they use AI tools, how easy it is for them to watch over their childs work, how stressed they feel, and how satisfied they are with their childs learning progress. The results are expected to show that AI tools greatly reduce parents burnout by offering real time help, personalized learning, and automatic feedback, which take some of the pressure off parents. The study shows that AI can be a helpful tool in improving parents mental health and making the home learning environment better. It also suggests that using AI for homework support can make learning more engaging and help build stronger parent child relationships. Dr. P. Natarajan | Ms. Renumahalakshmi S "A Study on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Parental Burnout During Children’s Homework Supervision in Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97661.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97661/a-study-on-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-to-reduce-parental-burnout-during-children’s-homework-supervision-in-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan

The integration of artificial intelligence AI and cybersecurity is redefining the healthcare landscape by enhancing both clinical precision and digital resilience. As hospitals embrace interconnected systems and the Internet of Medical Things IoMT , new vulnerabilities emerge that threaten patient safety and data integrity. This paper examines the convergence of AI and cybersecurity in creating smart healthcare ecosystems capable of predicting, detecting, and mitigating cyber threats while supporting data driven medical decision making. It explores AI’s role in diagnostics and clinical support, the cybersecurity challenges of connected medical infrastructures, and the ethical and regulatory frameworks guiding responsible innovation. By combining predictive analytics with secure design principles, this research highlights how AI enabled cybersecurity fosters intelligent, ethical, and sustainable healthcare systems that protect both human lives and digital trust. Kavach Shah "The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity in Smart Healthcare Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97685.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/97685/the-convergence-of-artificial-intelligence-and-cybersecurity-in-smart-healthcare-systems/kavach-shah

In this review paper we are going to study about the use of latent heat storages Phase Change materials in the system of refrigeration which is work through solar energy. In this system we use solar energy for refrigeration for reduce the energy consumption by refrigeration, But in this some problem phase during rainy season and in nights solar energy is not available. So we store solar energy in peak hours and use it when solar energy is not available. Krishna Sindha | Nirav Prajapati | Dr. I. A. Chauhan "Integration of Phase Change Materials with Solar Energy for Refrigeration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97686.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97686/integration-of-phase-change-materials-with-solar-energy-for-refrigeration/krishna-sindha

As a critical traffic artery connecting the city center with the Tongzhou New Town subsidiary administrative center of Beijing , Beijing Subway Line 6 bears significant passenger flow pressure. Issues such as carriage overcrowding and low passenger comfort are prominent, especially in the section between “Jintai Road” and “Shilipu” stations. To address this issue, this paper employs a hybrid modeling approach combining an Autoregressive AR model with an exogenous variable of daily total passenger flow. By integrating statistical data on the real time crowding levels of Beijing Subway and the total passenger flow data from the preceding week, this study aims to achieve accurate predictions of carriage crowding levels for different time periods and directions. The research findings are expected to optimize passenger travel experience and provide theoretical references and practical insights for the intelligent operation of urban rail transit. Qishi Feng | Yuxiang Chen | Xiang Li | Sifan Zhang | Zhe Tan "Prediction of Crowding Levels at Different Time Periods for Beijing Subway Line 6 Based on a Combined Model of Autoregression and Linear Regression with Exogenous Variables" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-processing/97646/prediction-of-crowding-levels-at-different-time-periods-for-beijing-subway-line-6-based-on-a-combined-model-of-autoregression-and-linear-regression-with-exogenous-variables/qishi-feng

In todays digital age, the phenomenon of minors pursuing celebrities has become increasingly prevalent. However, due to their immature mental and ideological development, minors are highly vulnerable to adverse impacts during this process, leading to issues such as blind consumption, privacy leakage, and even falling victim to online fraud. For instance, the 2021 case in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, where a junior high school student named Xiao Yu was scammed out of over 90,000 yuan by a fake celebrity QQ account , the 2022 case of a 15 year old girl named Xiao Li involved in a dispute over tens of thousands of yuan in irrational consumption loans, and the 2025 Wang Xingyues residence candid photography incident that exposed minors participation in the sasaeng fan industrial chain—all these are negative phenomena in the process of celebrity pursuit.This study focuses on an innovative path for legal resource development guiding minors to pursue celebrities rationally by establishing a database of legal provisions and cases. Firstly, our team conducts an in depth analysis of the current situation of minors blind celebrity pursuit and the various legal issues arising from it, such as minors making high value rewards and inadvertently leaking personal information, which results in the improper collection and use of their personal information. Shi Anqi | Zhang Entong | Wu Haojun | Li Hui "Collaborative Application of Legal Text Database and Campus Mock Trial: Innovative Paths and Practical Exploration for the Education of Minors Rational Idol Worship Behavior" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97687.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97687/collaborative-application-of-legal-text-database-and-campus-mock-trial-innovative-paths-and-practical-exploration-for-the-education-of-minors-rational-idol-worship-behavior/shi-anqi

The advent of sophisticated large language models LLMs has propelled intelligent chatbots from scripted curiosities to pervasive social and commercial agents. These digital entities, capable of simulating empathy and conducting contextually rich conversations, are reshaping industries from customer service to mental health support and companion services. However, this rapid integration into the human social fabric occurs within a significant regulatory vacuum, giving rise to a complex array of legal and ethical dilemmas that existing frameworks are inadequate to address. This comprehensive paper conducts a deep dive into the most pressing legal challenges posed by intelligent chatbots, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations and the novel phenomenon of emotional value commodification. It first provides a foundational analysis of the accountability gap, data privacy concerns, and intellectual property issues inherent to this technology. The core of the paper then meticulously examines the dualistic impact of chatbots on adolescent mental health, dissecting their potential as accessible support tools against the grave risks of misdiagnosis, data exploitation, and psychological dependency, while proposing a revised duty of care model. Subsequently, it investigates the ethically dubious practice of using chatbots to induce consumption in minors through the sale of affective capital, analyzing its characterization under consumer protection law and the role of manipulative dark patterns. The analysis then expands to the adult sphere, exploring the profound societal and ethical implications of commercialized emotional labor, including the erosion of authentic human connection, the perpetuation of algorithmic bias in intimate relationships, and the threats of mass psychological profiling. Finally, the paper proposes a holistic, multi stakeholder framework of countermeasures. This includes advocating for robust, nuanced legislation such as a graded liability regime, stringent age assurance protocols, and algorithmic transparency mandates. It also emphasizes the critical role of ethical by design principles, corporate governance through ethics boards, and comprehensive digital literacy initiatives. The conclusion underscores that the goal is not to stifle innovation but to steer it responsibly, ensuring that as these digital minds become more advanced, they are governed by a legal and ethical architecture that prioritizes human dignity, autonomy, and welfare. Tan Jiajie | Li Bo | Mo Wenjie "Legal Issues of Intelligent Chatbots and Corresponding Countermeasures: Navigating the Uncharted Territory of Digital Minds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97666.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97666/legal-issues-of-intelligent-chatbots-and-corresponding-countermeasures-navigating-the-uncharted-territory-of-digital-minds/tan-jiajie

Swasthyasya Swasthya Rakshnam Aaturasya Vikara Prasamanam is the primary goal of Ayurveda, which translates “maintaining the health of a healthy person by preventing from disease and curing the disease of an ailing person. Shalakya tantra the branch of ashtang ayurveda which includes the diseases and their treatment of urdhav jatrugata roga like Siro Kapala Gata Roga, Netra, Karna, Nasa, Kantha, Mukha, and Danta. Sansamana conservative , Samsodhana Panchakarma and the Shastra karma surgical procedures are the essential treatment modalities followed in shalakya tantra majorly. 1 Panchakarma is a branch of Ayurveda, meant for the removal of vitiated Dosha, Mala or toxic part of body that balances prakupit Dosha Dushya through Vamana, Virechan, Nashya, Basti, Rakta Mokshana etc. in diseases like Abhisyanda, Adhimantha, Timira, Danta Nadi, Upakusha and Dustha pratishyaya, most of the Panchakarma therapies are indicated according to their severity of the disease. Dr. Santosh Kumar Sahu "Management of Urdhav Jatru Gata Roga w.r.t. Panchkarma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97688/management-of-urdhav-jatru-gata-roga-wrt-panchkarma/dr-santosh-kumar-sahu

Migraine is most common neurovascular disabling encountered in Shalakyatantra.Ayurveda states Migraine as “Ardhavabhedhaka” which has become a alarming health issue in age group 20 to 50 years due to lifestyle change.Migraine holds the second common cause of headache and has become a daily challenge to dealth with. Migraine holds significant position for illnessHeadache is considered as distortion in which there is pain in any part of head. Majority who suffer from Migraine and dont get regular treatment face side effects. People who tend to pop up pills on regular basis and still get no relief, impatiently hunt for the alternative treatment. Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine which was being followed since immemorable time. Dr. Santosh Kumar Sahu "Role of Ayurveda in Management of Ardhavbhedak w.s.r. to Migraine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97689.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97689/role-of-ayurveda-in-management-of-ardhavbhedak-wsr-to-migraine/dr-santosh-kumar-sahu

The integration of Artificial Intelligence AI into cognitive and behavioral research has created new opportunities for understanding human thought, learning and behavior. This qualitative study examines the challenges and opportunities related to the adoption of AI in cognitive and behavioral research, particularly in Coimbatore District. The study aims to understand how researchers, psychologists and academicians view AIs role in improving research efficiency, data analysis and behavioral modeling, while also addressing the ethical, practical and psychological challenges faced in its implementation. Thirty participants, including cognitive researchers, behavioral psychologists and educators from selected institutions in Coimbatore, were interviewed through semi structured interviews and focus group discussions using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data, focusing on recurring patterns and insights from participants’ experiences. The findings indicate that AI offers significant advantages in cognitive and behavioral research, such as better data processing, predictive modeling, individualized participant analysis and improved research accuracy. Participants noted that AI tools provide deeper insights into human cognition and behavior, allowing for innovative experimental designs and real time behavioral tracking. The study concludes that while AI has the potential to transform cognitive and behavioral research, its successful implementation requires ethical safeguards, professional training and a balanced approach that combines human judgment with AI capabilities. Ms. Vidhya E | Ms. Sanjena. S "Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive and Behavioral Research" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97690.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97690/challenges-and-opportunities-of-artificial-intelligence-in-cognitive-and-behavioral-research/ms-vidhya-e

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence AI has opened up new possibilities for innovation in educational and training psychology. This qualitative study examines the challenges and opportunities related to the integration of AI based tools and technologies in the teaching, learning and professional development of psychology students and educators. The main objective is to gain insights into participants’ experiences, perceptions and attitudes towards AI applications such as adaptive learning systems, virtual counseling simulations and AI assisted psychological assessments. Data were gathered through semi structured interviews and focus group discussions involving 15 participants, including psychology educators, trainers and postgraduate students from selected institutions in the Coimbatore district. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data and identify emerging patterns. The findings indicated that AI enhances learner engagement, supports individualized instruction and improves access to psychological resources. Participants also pointed out challenges, including the lack of human empathy in AI systems, ethical issues regarding data privacy, insufficient institutional infrastructure and the necessity for specialized digital literacy training among educators. The study suggests that while AI has significant potential to transform educational and training psychology, its implementation requires careful consideration of ethical factors, cultural sensitivity and human centered pedagogical design. The research highlights the need to balance technological advancement with the psychological values of empathy, interaction and critical reflection. Ms. Subhashini R | Mr. Sanjaykumar M "Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in Educational and Training Psychology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97691.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97691/challenges-and-opportunities-of-artificial-intelligence-in-educational-and-training-psychology/ms-subhashini-r

This study evaluated the inclusive teaching strategies employed and the level of teacher preparedness in implementing the MATATAG Curriculum at Barili Central Elementary School during the School Year 2025–2026, serving as the basis for an Action Plan. Specifically, it aimed to describe the profile of teacher respondents in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, length of service, and teaching position identify the inclusive strategies commonly used assess teacher preparedness in applying these strategies examine the relationship between inclusive strategies and preparedness and develop an Action Training Plan informed by the findings. Thirty teachers participated, and data were collected through survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and standard deviation, were used for analysis, while Pearson’s correlation tested the relationship between variables. Results showed that most respondents were female, aged 40–49 and 50 and above, with long term teaching experience, and had master’s degrees or master’s units. Teachers consistently applied inclusive strategies, particularly using culturally responsive materials, providing tasks with varied difficulty levels, and promoting active participation, although strategies requiring individualized adjustments were less frequent. Teacher preparedness was generally rated as Prepared, especially in fostering a positive learning climate and identifying learners needing support, though gaps were noted in knowledge of learning disabilities and specialized training. Correlation analysis indicated a negligible positive and not statistically significant relationship between inclusive strategies and preparedness. The study concluded that while teachers regularly employ inclusive strategies and perceive themselves as prepared, targeted professional development is necessary to strengthen technical competencies. Consequently, an Action Training Plan is recommended to enhance teachers’ capacity for inclusive education. Theresa P. Esmeralda | Jay Kris B. Antonio | John Rey B. Boniol "Addressing Learner Diversity: Strategies for Inclusive Education in MATATAG Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97662.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/97662/addressing-learner-diversity-strategies-for-inclusive-education-in-matatag-implementation/theresa-p-esmeralda

Digital transformation is a key part to any manufacturer’s future proofing strategy and wearable will play a significant role in this going forward. Wearable technology, also known as wearables, integrates electronics that can be worn as an accessory or embedded on clothing into daily activities. The devices include bracelets, watches, headsets, that deliver augmented, virtual, or mixed reality experiences, and even clothing. Wearable technology is designed with the intention to make everyday tasks easier and more accessible. It is set to change the way we live and change it for the better. This paper examines the impact of wearable technology on manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Wearable Technology in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97704.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97704/wearable-technology-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Machine learning ML is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms and statistical models to parse data, identify patterns, pinpoint anomalies, and describe next steps, incorporating all it learns from the data to continually improve its output. Machine learning is playing a critical role in the digitalization of manufacturing operations towards Industry 4.0. It is one of the cornerstones for making manufacturing more intelligent, and thereby providing it with the needed capabilities towards greater flexibility and adaptability. In manufacturing, ML enhances efficiency and optimizes operations by using data analysis to improve decision making in areas like predictive maintenance, quality control, and supply chain management. This paper provides an overview of the applications of machine learning techniques in manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97692.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/97692/machine-learning-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Machine learning ML is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses historical data to build predictive and analytical models. From agriculture to cancer diagnosis in healthcare, machine learning is changing nearly every industry. ML is a powerful tool that is already in use across game development. It is used in gaming for a variety of purposes, including creating more dynamic AI for non player characters, personalizing the player experience, and streamlining game development. It allows developers to create better looking, higher quality games with less time and effort. In this paper, we will explore the various applications of machine learning in gaming. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Gaming" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97684.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/97684/machine-learning-in-gaming/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Machine learning ML is a branch of artificial intelligence that performs data analysis tasks without explicit instructions. It is about learning some properties of a data set and applying them to new data. It refers to the automated detection of meaningful patterns in a given data. It involves using the past experience to optimize the performance of a given algorithm. ML algorithms open up a realm where computers analyze and learn from data to make predictions and decisions. As machine learning continues to evolve, its uses are set to revolutionize how we engage with technology, becoming an essential part of everyday life. This paper provides an overview of machine learning. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97693.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/97693/machine-learning-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are being integrated with everything that the Army and Department of Defense does. They are intersecting so many different domains. They have become a major point of interest for both Army veterans and data scientists. The lion’s share of soldiers’ training has been spent honing their craft against both peers and inanimate targets. Machine learning is prepared to disrupt this status quo and drastically alter the way troops prepare for combat. It should be used in educating and training Army scientists, engineers, military personnel, managers, directors, and others from different backgrounds and application interests. This paper introduces the reader to various uses of machine learning in the military. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in the Military" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97683.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/97683/machine-learning-in-the-military/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study investigated the relationships between suicidal ideation, emotional competence, among 300 undergraduate students at Lucknow City University. Utilizing a cross sectional design, the research examined these variables through validated self report scales. Results revealed a significant inverse relationship between suicidal ideation and emotional competence, with higher emotional competence associated with lower suicidal ideation ² = 150.792, p .001, f = .709 . Additionally, B.Sc. students demonstrated significantly higher emotional competence than B.A. students t 198 = 4.423, p .001 . These findings underscore the critical role of emotional competence in mitigating suicidal ideation among university students, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support programs. Future research should explore the underlying factors contributing to the observed differences in emotional competence and further examine the complex interplay of adjustment and social factors influencing student mental health. Anugya Mittra | Dr. Smita Srivastava "Emotional Competence and Suicidal Ideation: A Study of University Students in Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97677.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97677/emotional-competence-and-suicidal-ideation-a-study-of-university-students-in-lucknow/anugya-mittra

Suryavarta, a type of Shiroroga described in Ayurveda, presents with pain in the frontal region of the head that intensifies as the sun ascends and subsides by evening. The clinical picture resembles frontal sinusitis in modern medicine. The aim of present study was “To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Anutaila Nasya and Gunja Taila Nasya in the management of Suryavarta Frontal Sinusitis ”A comparative clinical study was conducted with selected patients diagnosed with Suryavarta. Participants were divided into two groups Group A received Anutaila Nasya and Group B received Gunja Taila Nasya for a fixed duration. Assessment was done based on subjective and objective parameters such as intensity, duration, and frequency of headache, nasal blockage, tenderness, and associated symptoms.Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in signs and symptoms of Suryavarta. However, Gunja Taila Nasya exhibited slightly better efficacy in reducing headache severity and nasal congestion compared to Anutaila Nasya.Both Anutaila Nasya and Gunja Taila Nasya were effective in the management of Suryavarta, with Gunja Taila Nasya showing marginally superior results. The study supports the classical indication of Nasya Karma in Urdhwajatrugata Vikara and demonstrates its potential as a safe and effective therapy for sinus related headaches. Dr. Anand Rotti | Dr. V. S. Kanthi | Dr. Vijayakumar B. Math "A Comparative Clinical Study of Anutaila Nasya and Gunja Taila Nasya in Suryavarta with Special Reference to Frontal Sinusitis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98711.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/98711/a-comparative-clinical-study-of-anutaila-nasya-and-gunja-taila-nasya-in-suryavarta-with-special-reference-to-frontal-sinusitis/dr-anand-rotti

Background The high prevalence of preventable oral diseases among children necessitates safe and effective alternatives to chemical based products. Kushtadi Churna, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used in Pratisarana topical application , is traditionally indicated for oral hygiene but lacks modern clinical validation. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Kushtadi Churna as an adjunct to brushing on oral hygiene parameters in school going children. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 school children aged 10 16 years. Participants were allocated into two groups. The Trial Group n=30 performed Pratisarana with Kushtadi Churna twice daily after brushing, while the Control Group n=30 performed brushing alone twice daily. The intervention lasted 30 days. Oral hygiene was assessed using a standardized oral assessment tool evaluating eight parameters at baseline and post treatment. Data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t tests. Results The group using Kushtadi Churna showed statistically highly significant improvements p 0.001 in the condition of the tongue 37.04 improvement , teeth 37.04 , mucous membrane 31.25 , lips 36.73 , and saliva 28.26 . The control group showed no significant improvement in any parameter p 0.05 . Overall, 60 of children in the Trial group demonstrated clinical improvement, compared to 0 in the Control group. Conclusion Kushtadi Churna as an adjunct to routine brushing is a safe and significantly more effective intervention for improving overall oral hygiene than brushing alone in children. It validates its traditional use and represents a valuable, natural option for community oral health programs. Dr. P. Kurisil Muthu | Dr. Guheshwar Patil | Dr. Prabhu. C. Nagalapur "Efficacy of Kushtadi Churna in Improving Oral Hygiene among School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97633.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97633/efficacy-of-kushtadi-churna-in-improving-oral-hygiene-among-school-children-a-randomized-controlled-trial/dr-p-kurisil-muthu

This initiative introduces an Internet of Things IoT based circuit breaker system that utilizes HTTP Authentication requiring a user ID and password for access control. A significant number of fatal accidents among line workers occur due to electric shocks, often stemming from poor coordination or communication between the workers and substations. This project addresses this critical safety concern by leveraging IoT technology. The IoT Circuit Breaker is designed for high speed operation, employing the internet to remotely manage electrical loads. It incorporates a NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi Fi module connected to the network. An authorized user or operator can access the system remotely via any internet enabled device. This requires logging in to the IoT web server, protected by an essential layer of HTTP Authentication security. Once logged in, the user can globally control the on off state of connected loads through the web interface. A key benefit of this system over other remote circuit breakers is its use of the internet as a faster communication medium between the operator and the loads. This technology is vital for industrial safety, as its deployment effectively eliminates the risk of common workplace hazards, such as accidental electrocution. Prof. S. D. Lavange | Ms. Komal Gavhale | Ms. Priya Suryawanshi | Ms. Nikita Hirole | Mr. Mayur Bhole "Electrical Circuit Breaker Using Web Server with User ID & Password Protection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98712.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/98712/electrical-circuit-breaker-using-web-server-with-user-id-and-password-protection/prof-s-d-lavange

In an era defined by the Global Britain strategy and post pandemic recovery efforts, the United Kingdoms engagement with former colonies through aid and migration frameworks continues to be portrayed as mutually beneficial development partnerships. This research demonstrates that these frameworks operate as sophisticated mechanisms of neo colonial extraction, systematically transferring both financial and human capital from postcolonial states to the metropole. Through comparative analysis of India and Nigeria, this study examines how contemporary UK aid and migration policies reshape social representations, collective identity constructs, and indigenous knowledge systems. Employing a mixed methods approach, including surveys N = 800 and 80 in depth interviews conducted in 2024, we investigate how aid discourses and migration aspirations interact to produce culturally hybrid but psychologically destabilized identities. Quantitative analysis reveals a strong correlation between the escalating financial burdens of migration including the 66 IHS surcharge increase in 2024 and perceptions of extractive UK relationships r = 0.67, p .01 . Qualitative findings further demonstrate that migration and aid collectively reorient youth futurity toward external validation while systematically marginalizing indigenous knowledge systems. We argue that UK development and migration policies sustain a form of cultural dependency that reproduces colonial hierarchies under the veneer of mutual benefit, with significant implications for both source countries and the UKs ethical standing in a multipolar world. Izuchukwu Precious Obani | Theresa Ojevwe Akroh | Zino Izu-Obani | Chinwe Sheila Nwachukwu "UK Aid, Migration, and Neo-Colonial Extraction: A Comparative Study of Social Representation in India and Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98713.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/98713/uk-aid-migration-and-neocolonial-extraction-a-comparative-study-of-social-representation-in-india-and-nigeria/izuchukwu-precious-obani

Our present investigation of storage period of non culturable pathogenic bacteria under control of different condition of low temperature. We consider mortality reproduction capacity and survival of the fittest bacteria.Streptococcus of pathogenic bacteria gain high resistant to antibiotic medicine, high rate of mortality and rate of reproductive capacity is very low due to effect of low temperature. Survival of the fittest bacteria is more active during pathogenecity to human being due to gain resistant power to antibiotic medicine. Dr. Md. Shamim Ahmad | Rizwana Perveen "Effect of Storage Period of Non-culturable of Pathogenic Bacteria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98730.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/98730/effect-of-storage-period-of-nonculturable-of-pathogenic-bacteria/dr-md-shamim-ahmad

Teacher retention is a major problem for academic institutions of all sizes. Though there are many factors that contribute to teacher retention, compensation is one of the most important. This review article evaluates the influence of compensation packages in maintaining teacher retention, paying close attention to two major institutions in the Adamawa region of Cameroon. This review article identified the various compensation packages and how it affect educators decisions to remain in their roles. As Cameroon grapples with teacher shortages and frequent turnover in both public and private institutions, the research provides evidence based insights into how compensation packages can be leveraged to address these challenges. The study examines key components of compensation, including salaries and allowances, health and retirement benefits, and performance based incentives. It employs a quantitative research design using structured questionnaires administered to a sample of teachers and educational administrators across multiple institutions. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regressions, were conducted to assess the relationship between compensation packages and teacher retention rates. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between compensation and teacher retention. Specifically, health and retirement benefits emerged as a strong predictor of teacher retention, followed by salaries and allowances. Conversely, the data suggests that performance based systems alone do not significantly impact retention unless complemented by stable base compensation. The study also highlights that dissatisfaction with compensation is a leading factor behind voluntary resignations and low morale in the education sector. The implications of these findings are substantial. Educational institutions can enhance staff retention by adopting holistic compensation packages and strategies that go beyond base pay to include benefits that promote long term financial security and job satisfaction. For policy makers, the results underline the need to reform national compensation frameworks to attract and retain qualified educators, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Ruth M. Mugri | Sanim Marcel Sanang "An Evaluation of Compensation Packages and its Influence on Teacher’s Retention Rate: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Ngoundere, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97682.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/97682/an-evaluation-of-compensation-packages-and-its-influence-on-teacher’s-retention-rate-a-case-of-selected-secondary-schools-in-ngoundere-cameroon/ruth-m-mugri

The increasing occurrence of mental health issues among college students has led to the investigation of new technological solutions for psychological support. Artificial Intelligence AI based mental health applications, such as Wysa, Woebot and Youper, have surfaced as accessible and confidential resources for managing stress, anxiety and emotional challenges. This qualitative study aims to examine students’ experiences, perceptions and attitudes regarding the use of AI enabled mental health tools. Using a qualitative research design, data were gathered through in depth interviews and focus group discussions with college students from various institutions in Coimbatore District. The study seeks to understand how AI applications affect students’ emotional well being, coping strategies and help seeking behaviors. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes related to trust, empathy, accessibility and ethical issues associated with AI driven mental health interventions. Findings indicate that many students view AI mental health apps as convenient and non judgmental platforms that provide immediate emotional support and opportunities for self reflection. However, concerns about data privacy, the absence of human empathy and limited contextual understanding were also noted. The study emphasizes the need for more culturally sensitive, ethically transparent and emotionally intelligent AI systems to effectively meet student mental health needs. Overall, the research enhances the understanding of how digital mental health innovations are transforming emotional well being support for youth in higher education, particularly in the Coimbatore District context. Mr. Mohamed Azarudeen. A | Dr. P. Natarajan "Impact of AI-Driven Mental Health Apps among College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98731.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/98731/impact-of-aidriven-mental-health-apps-among-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/mr-mohamed-azarudeen-a

Background Madhumeha, a subtype of Prameha, is extensively described in Ayurvedic texts and is considered equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus. One of its most debilitating complications is Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy DPN , a chronic microvascular disorder leading to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Although classical Ayurvedic texts do not directly describe DPN, scattered references to Upadrava Vyadhis ~complications of Prameha mirror neuropathic symptoms such as burning sensations, numbness, tingling, muscle wasting and weakness. Objective This article critically reviews Ayurvedic concepts of Madhumeha in relation to DPN and thoroughly evaluates Ayurvedic management strategies in the light of contemporary biomedical evidence. Methods Primary Ayurvedic classics alongside contemporary biomedical literature on DPN pathophysiology and its management were analysed through authentic Ayurveda and modern text as well as internet sources. Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, AYUSH Research Portal were searched for clinical studies on Ayurvedic interventions for diabetic neuropathy, including randomized controlled trials RCTs and systematic reviews. Results Ayurvedic descriptions of Avaranajanya obstruction of Vata by Kapha Pitta and Dhatukshayaja ~tissue depletion Madhumeha provide a coherent pathophysiological model for DPN, correlating with obstruction to nerve conduction and degenerative myelin sheath damage. Panchakarma, Rasayana herbs Ashwagandha, Bala, Atibala, Guduchi , and parasurgical interventions Jalaukavacharana were found to alleviate neuropathic pain, improve nerve conduction velocity and enhance quality of life in diabetic patients. Conclusion Ayurveda provides both preventive and therapeutic models for DPN as an Upadrava of Madhumeha. An integrative approach combining Nidana Parivarjana, Panchakarma, Rasayana formulations and Jalaukavacharana has promising potential in management of DPN. However, robust multi centric RCTs are essential to validate efficacy and integrate these approaches into diabetes patients globally. Priti Engineer | Tukaram Sambhaji Dudhamal "Integrating Ayurveda and Modern Perspectives to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and its Management: A Review Article" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/98703/integrating-ayurveda-and-modern-perspectives-to-diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy-and-its-management-a-review-article/priti-engineer

The pursuit of sustainable alternatives to conventional soil stabilizers has gained significant traction in geotechnical engineering, driven by environmental imperatives and the limitations of cementitious materials. This study investigates the efficacy of xanthan gum and guar gum two naturally derived biopolymers as soil stabilizers for enhancing the mechanical behavior and durability of earthen construction materials. Recognizing the shortcomings of untreated soils, particularly their low compressive strength and high moisture sensitivity, the research explores both individual and synergistic applications of these biopolymers through an extensive experimental program. The methodology entailed sourcing fine grained soil from the Budgam region of Kashmir and characterizing its geotechnical properties following standardized Indian protocols. Biopolymer solutions of varying concentrations 0.5–2.0 by dry soil weight were prepared and mixed with the soil. Treated specimens were compacted and subjected to unconfined compressive strength UCS and direct shear tests after curing for 7, 14, and 28 days. The experimental design allowed for comparative evaluation across control, xanthan only, guar only, and blended xanthan guar treatments. Findings revealed a notable enhancement in UCS, cohesion, and internal friction angle across all treated samples, with performance improving progressively with higher polymer concentrations and longer curing durations. The xanthan guar combination at 2.0 concentration yielded a peak UCS of 345 kPa after 28 days over twice that of untreated soil. Compaction tests indicated a marginal reduction in maximum dry density and an increase in optimum moisture content due to the biopolymers water absorbing nature. Shear strength parameters likewise improved, with the blended treatment exhibiting maximum cohesion 65 kPa and friction angle 37.5° , affirming its superior load resistance and structural integrity. Visual inspections corroborated these results, showing reduced shrinkage, minimal surface cracking, and enhanced dimensional stability for biopolymer treated samples. The cross linking between xanthan gum’s anionic chains and guar gum’s galactomannan backbone was instrumental in forming robust hydrogel matrices, thereby optimizing interparticle bonding and moisture regulation. These molecular interactions underpin the observed mechanical improvements and demonstrate the potential of hybrid biopolymer strategies for addressing the structural deficiencies of earthen materials. The study substantiates the utility of xanthan and guar gums as viable, eco conscious soil stabilizers. The xanthan guar synergy offers a high performance, low carbon alternative suitable for road subgrades, retaining walls, and lightweight masonry. By aligning with principles of green engineering and material circularity, biopolymer stabilization presents a compelling pathway toward resilient and sustainable infrastructure development, particularly in resource constrained or environmentally sensitive regions. Asif Afzal Naik | Preetpal Singh "Enhancing Structural Integrity of Earthen Blocks through GuarXanthan Synergy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-5 , October 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98707.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/98707/enhancing-structural-integrity-of-earthen-blocks-through-guarxanthan-synergy/asif-afzal-naik