Crushed and graded inorganic particles from building and demolition debris make up recycled aggregates. The purpose of this study is to assess recycled aggregates strength properties in light of their possible use in the construction of concrete pavement. Comparing the compressive strength, flexural strength, and sulphate resistance of concrete with different percentages of recycled aggregates is the main goal of the study. Workability, flexural strength, compressive strength, and sulphate resistance evaluations are among the tests carried out. With a constant water to cement ratio of 0.38, five concrete mixes were created by substituting recycled aggregates for coarse aggregates at percentages of 0 , 10 , 20 , 30 , and 40 . According to the findings, the workability of concrete decreased as the percentage of recycled aggregates rose. According to strength testing, recycled aggregate concrete performed similarly to concrete built with natural aggregates. An environmentally friendly way to reduce the negative effects of building and demolition waste is to use recycled aggregates in concrete. In addition, this paper offers a thorough analysis of the entirety of research on recycled aggregates, focussing into their characteristics, the variables affecting their use in concrete, and the pros and cons of doing so. Muyeen Rafiq Wani | Ajay Vikram "Strength Studying the Use of “Recycled Aggregate” for the Application in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98805.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/98805/strength-studying-the-use-of-“recycled-aggregate”-for-the-application-in-concrete/muyeen-rafiq-wani

Landslides are among the most destructive natural hazards affecting highway infrastructure, particularly in mountainous and hilly regions where extensive slope modification is required for road construction. The increasing frequency and intensity of landslides have led to significant damage to transportation networks, economic losses, and human casualties worldwide. Highways constructed in unstable terrains face continuous risks due to fragile geology, heavy rainfall, groundwater variation, and human induced disturbances. Despite substantial investments in infrastructure, landslide related damages remain disproportionately high, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and science based risk assessment framework in highway engineering.This study explores the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies associated with landslides affecting highways. It examines the interplay of geological, hydrological, and engineering factors that influence slope stability and identifies persistent challenges such as insufficient geotechnical investigations, lack of site specific risk assessments, and dependence on conventional stabilization techniques that treat effects rather than root causes. The intensifying impact of climate change manifested through altered rainfall patterns and increased soil saturation further exacerbates slope instability, demanding adaptive and sustainable management practices.The research aims to 1 identify major causative factors of highway landslides, 2 assess the efficiency and limitations of existing mitigation approaches, and 3 propose sustainable engineering and risk management strategies to enhance highway resilience. Through field studies, geotechnical analyses, and risk based evaluations, the study seeks to develop a comprehensive landslide risk assessment model and practical design guidelines that promote safe, sustainable, and cost effective road networks in vulnerable regions. Mehrab Farooq | Er. Ajay Vikram "Study of Land Slide Risk in Highway Engineering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/98812/study-of-land-slide-risk-in-highway-engineering/mehrab-farooq

Project Summary This initiative focuses on the dual empowerment of Jiangxi dialect represented by Gan language preservation and rural revitalization. Addressing core challenges of Gan language such as significant county level disparities, fragmented preservation efforts, and weak industrial integration, we innovatively propose a county focused Gan language database industrial dual empowerment solution. Through questionnaire surveys covering key demographics aged 13 25, with 180 valid responses collected , literature review, and case analysis, we demonstrate the current status of Gan language preservation younger generations exhibit lower dialect usage frequency, with only 17.86 of 13 18 year olds frequently using it compared to 31.91 among 19 25 year olds, showing a clear decline in dialect usage frequency across younger age groups. Regarding dialect usage, fear of others not understanding 45 and long term living away from hometown 36.25 are primary constraints. Surveys also reveal a positive correlation between family dialect usage frequency and learning willingness. Consequently, we designed a phonetic text cultural annotation county level dialect database with regional shared sub databases, outlining application pathways in academic, educational, cultural tourism, and economic sectors. Simultaneously, we established a dialect preservation industrial empowerment feedback to preservation logic, providing theoretical and practical value for mutual reinforcement between dialect protection and rural revitalization. Xinyu Liu "From Dialect Survival to Cultural Identity: A Dual-Enabling Study on Rural Revitalization: Protecting Jiangxi Dialect (Represented by Gan Dialect) and Industrial Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98801.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98801/from-dialect-survival-to-cultural-identity-a-dualenabling-study-on-rural-revitalization-protecting-jiangxi-dialect-represented-by-gan-dialect-and-industrial-development/xinyu-liu

Background Young adults often face multiple challenges that can impact their mental health. Social and personal resources, including resilience and perceived support, are considered crucial in mitigating these adverse effects. Objective This study aimed to examine how personal and social resources influence coping strategies and psychological well being among young adults in Odisha, India. Methods A cross sectional design was employed with 350 young adults aged 18–30 years. Data were collected using standardized measures of resilience, perceived social support, coping strategies, and mental health. Statistical analyses included correlation and regression models to examine associations and predictive effects. Results Findings indicate that higher levels of personal resilience and social support are significantly associated with better coping and mental health outcomes. Resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and mental well being. Participants with both high resilience and perceived support reported the lowest psychological distress. Conclusion Personal and social resources play a critical role in helping young adults cope with adversity and maintain mental health. Interventions aiming to strengthen resilience and social support may enhance psychological well being in this population. Sujit Kumar Dash | M. Mathew "Coping with Adversity: The Role of Personal and Social Resources in Young Adults’ Mental Health in Odisha, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99815/coping-with-adversity-the-role-of-personal-and-social-resources-in-young-adults’-mental-health-in-odisha-india/sujit-kumar-dash

The frequency and intensity of floods in the Kaliaghai River Basin of West Bengal, India, have increased significantly over the past two decades, resulting in severe socio economic and environmental consequences. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of recurrent floods across Sabang LVI 0.322 , Patashpur I LVI 0.278 , Bhagwanpur I LVI 0.064 , Narayangarh LVI 0.050 and Patashpur II LVI 0.039 blocks. Using a mixed methods approach, it integrates household surveys 400 samples , key informant interviews, focus group discussions and geospatial analysis 2000 2022 to analyse rainfall water table patterns, land use changes and community vulnerability. The study identified a strong relationship between a 3 day cumulative rainfall of more than 250 mm and a rise in river water level of more than 6 m, which triggers flood conditions. For example, on 19 September 2021, 382 mm of rainfall resulted in a rise in water level of 8.9 m, exceeding the flood threshold. About 51 of households surveyed faced displacement due to floods, with an average loss of 12,000 25,000 per incident. Agricultural losses were extensive, with crop losses estimated at 14,200 per hectare, affecting over 3,800 hectares of paddy and 1,200 hectares of vegetables. Relief reach was limited—only 38 of respondents reported receiving timely assistance. Health impacts were significant, as 43 of households reported post flood illnesses such as diarrhoea and skin infections. Ecological analysis showed that vegetation cover in wetlands and lowlands had decreased by 21 , mainly due to siltation, encroachment, and the expansion of uncontrolled fishing structures e.g., patas , which obstructed river flow and worsened waterlogging. The study emphasizes the combined impact of natural factors short term heavy rainfall, sediment accumulation and human activities drainage obstruction, broken embankments, land use conversion in intensifying flood risk. In conclusion, the paper recommends integrated flood management strategies including river dewatering, embankment strengthening, drainage restoration, floodplain zoning and development of resilient livelihoods. These interventions are crucial for reducing risk and enhancing long term resilience in the flood prone Kaliaghai River Basin. Nirmal Mondal | Sumit Kar | Ilyass Hussain | Abrar Farooq | Prof. Pervez Ahmed "The Impact of Kaliaghai River Flood (2021): A Detailed Study of Socio-Economic and Environmental Consequences in West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99817.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/99817/the-impact-of-kaliaghai-river-flood-2021-a-detailed-study-of-socioeconomic-and-environmental-consequences-in-west-bengal/nirmal-mondal

This study was conducted in the Ades forest of Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia, to analyze the woody vegetation structure, diversity, and regeneration across three slope gradients lower slope class LSC 10 , middle slope class MSC 10 20 , and upper slope class USC 20 30 . A total of 60 main plots 20 m × 20 m were randomly sampled, with sub plots designated for shrub, climber, and herbaceous species. Results showed significant P 0.05 effects of slope classes on woody species richness, diversity, evenness, and density. The study identified 65 woody species across 50 families, including 35 trees 53.85 , 26 shrubs 40 , and 4 climbers 6.15 . The average woody species density was 975.8 ha ¹, highest in USC 1251.25 ha ¹ , followed by MSC 928.75 ha ¹ and LSC 747.5 ha ¹ . Dominant species included Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, and Cupressus lucitanica. Species frequency decreased with increasing diameter classes, and total basal area varied by slope 8286.83 m² in LSC, 10908.51 m² in MSC, and 10026.22 m² in USC. Regeneration status was poor, with average density of 117.9 ha ¹ for seedlings 8.6 , 282.9 ha ¹ for saplings 20.5 , and 975.8 ha ¹ for mature trees 70.9 . LSC had 106.3 ha ¹ seedlings and 120 ha ¹ saplings, while MSC had 358 ha ¹ seedlings and 286 ha ¹ saplings, and USC had 747.5 ha ¹ seedlings and 928.8 ha ¹ saplings. Herbaceous dry biomass yield and basal cover were also affected by slope gradient, with LSC showing higher yields 1.22 ton ha ¹ and cover 75.95 as compared to MSC 1.09 ton ha ¹ dry biomass yield and 66.55 basal cover and USC 1.03 ton ha ¹ dry biomass yield and 64.35 basal cover . Overall, increasing slope gradient positively influenced woody species diversity but negatively impacted herbaceous biomass yield and basal cover. Human and livestock interventions pose significant challenges to vegetation structure. Effective ecological, socio economic, and policy measures are recommended for sustainable forest management. Melese Furgasa | Tolera Fikadu "Effect of Slope Gradient on Vegetation Attributes of Ades Forest in Western Hararghe Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98813.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/98813/effect-of-slope-gradient-on-vegetation-attributes-of-ades-forest-in-western-hararghe-zone-of-oromia-ethiopia/melese-furgasa

Artificial Intelligence AI has become integral to healthcare, enabling disease prediction, medical imaging analysis, and personalized treatment planning. However, the opaque or “black box” nature of many AI models particularly deep learning creates significant challenges for trust, safety, ethics, and regulatory acceptance. Explainable Artificial Intelligence XAI offers solutions by making AI decisions interpretable, transparent, and accountable. This paper presents a comprehensive study of XAI methods, tools, and applications specifically in the healthcare domain. Feature based, concept based, surrogate models, pixel based explanations, and human centric XAI approaches are explored in detail. Common XAI frameworks such as SHAP, LIME, ELI5, IBM AIF360, and the What If Tool are evaluated for their role in clinical interpretability and fairness. Applications of XAI in Parkinson’s disease detection, cancer diagnostics, Alzheimer’s prediction, and COVID 19 risk assessment are reviewed, along with broader use cases in cardiovascular diagnostics and treatment planning. Key challenges such as interpretability– performance trade offs, data bias, workflow integration, and ethical concerns are also analyzed. The paper concludes that XAI is essential for bridging the gap between AI technology and clinical decision making. Future research directions include human centered explainability, regulatory frameworks, real time EHR integration, and next generation interpretable deep learning architectures. Kamble V. B | Dr. Halgare N. M | Mohammed Aejaz Tumkur "Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98807.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/98807/explainable-artificial-intelligence-xai-in-healthcare-a-comprehensive-review/kamble-v-b

Machine learning ML is a branch of artificial intelligence AI that uses statistical algorithms to automatically learn from data without being explicitly programmed. It allows computers to learn from data and make decisions without being directly programmed. It is revolutionizing media and entertainment by personalizing content, creating and enhancing media, and automating operational tasks. The AI ML revolution in media and entertainment has caused a dramatic upheaval in the sector, from audience engagement to content development. With the help of machine learning algorithms, it is easier to find trends and preferences, assisting content producers in making decisions about what appeals to their target audience. This paper explains how machine learning is transforming the media and entertainment industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98743.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/98743/machine-learning-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

AI virtual assistants are software programs that use artificial intelligence to understand and respond to user requests through natural language, performing tasks like setting reminders, answering questions, and managing schedules. These virtual assistants are designed to understand and respond to user queries, perform tasks, and offer information or services in a manner that simulates human like interaction. They use natural language processing NLP to interpret spoken or typed commands and questions. AI assistants have evolved from simple chatbots into powerful tools capable of managing workflows, executing tasks across apps, retrieving real time data, and reasoning over complex inputs. This paper examines various types and uses of AI powered virtual assistants. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "AI Virtual Assistants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98744.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/98744/ai-virtual-assistants/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Advancements in technology driven interventions have significantly expanded opportunities for game based learning and personalized cognitive training for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD . This paper presents Flexifun , a web based application platform designed to strengthen conceptual understanding and cognitive alertness among ASD patients through engaging, therapeutic game modules. Drawing upon systematic reviews and evaluative studies of digital games, serious games, and mobile applications, the proposed architecture integrates evidence based modules for emotional recognition, theory of mind, executive function, and social communication, accessible via an intuitive user interface and monitored through a therapist dashboard for individualized feedback. Aniket Jagtap | Anup Jagtap | Srushti Masal | Vaibhav Kuchankar | Prof. Rahul Ghode "Bridging Gaps in ASD Therapy with Flexifun: A Scalable Serious Game Application for Cognitive and Social Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98781.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/98781/bridging-gaps-in-asd-therapy-with-flexifun-a-scalable-serious-game-application-for-cognitive-and-social-development/aniket-jagtap

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a system or a program to think and learn from experience. It is machine displayed intelligence that simulates human behavior or thinking and can be trained to solve specific problems. AI is coming with trends that are really going to make quite significant differences in various industries and capabilities. It is all about efficiency, scalability, and, above all, decision making. Applications of AI are revolutionizing ways of doing business and interacting with customers across sectors, from health care to entertainment. AI has found applications in almost every business sector. This paper explores different applications for AI across industries in the real world. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | David Padi | Janet O. Sadiku "Applications of Artificial Intelligence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98757.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98757/applications-of-artificial-intelligence/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The 14th Five Year Plan for Industrial Green Development points out that China is still in the historical stage of in depth industrialization, facing problems such as an overly heavy industrial structure, a coal dominated energy structure, and low energy efficiency. Improving energy utilization efficiency and enhancing the efficient use of resources in the production process will be important challenges for a long time to come. This study focuses on analyzing the influencing factors of Chinas per capita energy production. Based on data of 8 variables including total GDP, energy production growth rate, electricity production growth rate, primary industry added value, and end of year private car ownership in China from 1991 to 2021 a total of 31 years , we used Stata software to conduct a multiple linear regression analysis on the data. During the empirical analysis, we first tested the initial model for multicollinearity, then corrected problems like multicollinearity in the model. Finally, we drew conclusions and put forward suggestions based on the data analysis results. Zhou Meiyi | Chen Yanan | Qiao Xintong | Ju Hongmei "Study on the Influencing Factors of Per Capita Energy Production in China" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97676.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/97676/study-on-the-influencing-factors-of-per-capita-energy-production-in-china/zhou-meiyi

Addressing the limitations of traditional manual detection for crop pests and diseases, such as its subjectivity and low efficiency, this study designs and implements an intelligent detection and identification system based on the YOLOv8 algorithm to enhance the automation and accuracy of field diagnosis. The system adopts a modular architecture, encompassing input output, data preprocessing, model training and optimization, pest disease identification and localization, and a user interface module. The data preprocessing module generates high quality training sets through image annotation and data augmentation, laying the foundation for model performance. The model training module incorporates various optimization strategies to enhance detection capabilities. The identification module can output the category, confidence, and location information of pests and diseases in real time. Experimental results demonstrate that the system performs excellently in multi class pest and disease identification tasks, exhibiting high reliability and strong practical utility. It provides technical support for agricultural pest and disease control and holds broad prospects for widespread adoption. Chen Yuxuan | Liu Fangbin | Gao Jian "An Intelligent Detection and Identification System for Crop Pests and Diseases Based on YOLOv8" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98709.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/98709/an-intelligent-detection-and-identification-system-for-crop-pests-and-diseases-based-on-yolov8/chen-yuxuan

This paper focuses on measuring and analyzing the sustainability and regional differences of Chinese style modernization. By studying the existing theories and current national forms and policies, and based on the five principles of constructing the indicator system, a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation indicator system is established for measuring the sustainability level of Chinese style modernization. This article mainly selects various statistical data of China from 2015 to 2022 to measure the sustainability of Chinese style modernization, in addition, in order to analyze the regional differences of modernization, the statistical data of provinces in 2015 and 2022 are also collected, and the data are obtained from the statistical yearbooks of each province in each year. The article first measures the indicators of the five dimensions from 2015 to 2022 with the help of the improved entropy weight method and TOPSIS method, and then conducts a macro analysis of the trends and characteristics of Chinas modernization sustainability level in recent years in terms of time span. Then, the 31 provinces were divided into three regions, namely, east, central and west, and the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method was applied to decompose the overall differences in the level of modernized sustainable development of the country into the differences within subgroups of the east, central and west regions, the differences between subgroups, and the sources of the differences were measured quantitatively. Ge Wei | Zhou Meiyi | Liu Jingyi | Ju Hongmei "A Study on the Measurement of Sustainability and Regional Differences of Chinese-Style Modernization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97665.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97665/a-study-on-the-measurement-of-sustainability-and-regional-differences-of-chinesestyle-modernization/ge-wei

The Yangtze River Delta is China’s most dynamic, open and innovative region, and it plays a strategic role in the country’s modernization and opening up. To evaluate the region’s digital economy performance and its key drivers, we collect panel data for Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui from 2015 to 2023. First, an entropy weight method is applied to measure the level and the gap of digital economy development in each jurisdiction and to track its evolution. Second, principal component analysis is employed to extract the core factors that shape the regional digital economy. Finally, a coupling coordination model is used to quantify how well the internal components of the digital economy work together. Chen Yanan | Ge Wei | Wang Jiayi | Ju Hongmei "Research on the Development Level of the Digital Economy in the Yangtze River Delta Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97681.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/97681/research-on-the-development-level-of-the-digital-economy-in-the-yangtze-river-delta-region/chen-yanan

To efficiently develop a sustainable transportation system, various countries are turning to emerging technologies like artificial intelligence AI and machine learning ML which have proved effective in various countries globally. They are integrating AI and ML technologies in transportation, giving a pivotal moment in the evolution of mobility systems. These technologies have not only redefined traditional approaches to managing traffic, optimizing routes, and enhancing safety but have also laid the foundation for entirely new paradigms, such as autonomous vehicles and smart cities. Researchers actively leverage approaches for AI ML to transform America’s transportation and energy systems, by addressing complex problems like congestion, energy efficiency, emergency response planning, and safety. The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the impact of machine learning on transportation. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Transportation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99827.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99827/machine-learning-in-transportation/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Proverbs are aphorisms that bespeak people’s deep rooted experience, wisdom, undergoing and attitude towards certain events as well as judgements in a literary, figurative and descriptive way. For example, Rome was not built in a day, Jack of all trades but master of none, Honesty is the best policy. Humans’ characteristic features, outstanding behaviour or remarkable attributes connected with them are directly embodied in English proverbs with personal names. From this viewpoint, anthroponyms in the component of English proverbs have significant importance with regard to imparting encyclopaedic information about certain people, on the basis of whose peculiarities certain concepts can be formed. After having reviewed published articles devoted to the investigation of English proverbs, it has been noticed that the concept formation and conceptual integration analysis of English proverbs with an anthroponymic component have not thoroughly been researched yet. The aim of this article is to analyze English proverbs with an anthroponymic component in the conceptual integration theory and to indicate their potential for concept formation. Goyibov Umarjon "Analysis of English Proverbs with an Anthroponymic Component in the Conceptual Integration Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98732/analysis-of-english-proverbs-with-an-anthroponymic-component-in-the-conceptual-integration-theory/goyibov-umarjon

In this research the seismic analysis of a multi tiered reinforced concrete RC frame in Jammu city was conducted to determine its functionality under mild tectonic forces. The research focused to investigate the structure response to seismic hazards in compliance with Indian’s proposed seismic provisions. The frame was analyzed using the response spectrum method to determine seismic induced movements and stresses. The findings highlighted that the nodal displacements caused displacements exceeding 2 3 times the permissible limits. Horizontal motion substantially affected the axial compression loads of exterior columns compared to interior columns. Additionally compressive stresses in the bottom floor column were 1.5 2 times greater than tensile stresses. Shear forces in beams B505, B506 and B507 due to load combination 3 L C3 were around three times higher than those due to load combination 1 L C1 . The maximum compressive and tensile stresses in beams and columns induced by seismic excitation were substantially greater than those caused by gravity loads. Ramneek Paul Singh | Er. Ajay Vikram "Spectral Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97551.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97551/spectral-seismic-analysis-of-reinforced-concrete-structures/ramneek-paul-singh

Proverbs are aphorisms that bespeak people’s deep rooted experience, wisdom, undergoing and attitude towards certain events as well as judgements in a literary, figurative and descriptive way. For example, Rome was not built in a day, Jack of all trades but master of none, Honesty is the best policy. Humans’ characteristic features, outstanding behaviour or remarkable attributes connected with them are directly embodied in English proverbs with personal names. From this viewpoint, anthroponyms in the component of English proverbs have significant importance with regard to imparting encyclopaedic information about certain people, on the basis of whose peculiarities certain concepts can be formed. After having reviewed published articles devoted to the investigation of English proverbs, it has been noticed that the concept formation and conceptual integration analysis of English proverbs with an anthroponymic component have not thoroughly been researched yet. The aim of this article is to analyze English proverbs with an anthroponymic component in the conceptual integration theory and to indicate their potential for concept formation. Goyibov Umarjon "Analysis of English Proverbs with an Anthroponymic Component in the Conceptual Integration Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98732/analysis-of-english-proverbs-with-an-anthroponymic-component-in-the-conceptual-integration-theory/goyibov-umarjon

In the digital economy, data assets serve as the core strategic resources of enterprises, and their valuation is a key link in the market oriented allocation of data elements. This study focuses on three core aspects of enterprise data asset valuation. Firstly, regarding the authenticity of data asset management registration, it proposes an evaluation system of sample inspection process traceability technical analysis by decomposing key indicators such as completeness and accuracy. Secondly, for the adaptation measures to domestic and foreign data systems, it compares the similarities and differences of data policies among China, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and formulates a policy map hierarchical matching plan. Thirdly, aiming at the policy obstacles and operational difficulties in the valuation process, it analyzes the causes from both policy and corporate perspectives and puts forward collaborative solutions. Based on multi source data including policy documents, academic literature, and survey reports, this study provides theoretical support and practical paths for enterprise data asset valuation, and promotes the process of data assetization. Xu Yang | Xia Ruixi | Yu Jiayang | Zhang Yi "Research on Key Issues of Enterprise Data Asset Valuation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/98786/research-on-key-issues-of-enterprise-data-asset-valuation/xu-yang

Transient stability is a critical aspect of power system operation, referring to the ability of a multi machine system to maintain synchronism when subjected to severe disturbances such as short circuits, sudden load changes, or generator outages. In high capacity interconnected grids, loss of stability can lead to cascading failures and large scale blackouts. Governor action, which controls turbine output in response to speed deviations, plays a vital role in damping oscillations, restoring frequency, and improving the dynamic performance of the system after disturbances. This study investigates the impact of different governor configurations conventional, proportional– integral, and optimized parameter settings on the transient stability of a representative IEEE 9 bus multi machine power system. Detailed dynamic models are developed, Incorporating realistic turbine–governor characteristics, excitation systems, and network parameters. Time domain simulations are performed under various fault scenarios to analyze rotor angle stability, frequency deviation, and critical clearing times with and without governor action. Snowber Mushtaq | Maninder Kaur "Improving Transient Stability in Multi Machine Power System through Governor Action: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98728.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/98728/improving-transient-stability-in-multi-machine-power-system-through-governor-action-a-review/snowber-mushtaq

Apple farming plays a significant role in the agricultural economy but suffers considerable losses due to diseases affecting leaves and fruits. Manual identification of these diseases is often slow, inaccurate, and non scalable. This review outlines recent advancements in image based apple disease detection using machine learning ML and deep learning DL . Emphasis is placed on feature extraction techniques, classification algorithms, and dataset curation. Convolutional neural networks CNNs , support vector machines SVMs , and transfer learning methods are examined for their effectiveness in detecting conditions such as apple scab, cedar apple rust, and compound infections. The paper also highlights key challenges and opportunities for future research in real time applications and intelligent farming. Seerat Un Nisa | Gurinder Kaur "Image-Based Apple Diseases Detection Using Advanced Machine Learning Models" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97700.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/97700/imagebased-apple-diseases-detection-using-advanced-machine-learning-models/seerat-un-nisa

The practice of Aharavidhi dietetics is an ancient, empirical and elegant art and it is only in the early years of the last century that nutrition and dietetics have come to acquire the status of distinct discipline.2 Virruddha’ means incompatible, opposite or unwholesome or which is harmful for the body or dhatu body tissue . It possesses opposite qualities compared to dhatu and vitiates them, leading to various diseases or complications. The concept of virruddha is broadly explained in ayurveda. Virruddha ashana intake of unwholesome food or diet is mentioned as a causative factor for various diseases, especially skin diseases kushtha , erysipelas visarpa , psychiatric diseases like insanity unmada etc. In the context of agrya samgraha collection of definitive and first choice of medication or treatment , in Charak Samhita, intake of virruddha ahara is the foremost causative factor for nindita vyadhi wretched diseases like kushtha . Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25 40 Virrudha anna or incompatible diet is very important issue discussed by ayurveda Samhita, Charak, Sushruta, Vaghhat, Madhavnidan, Yogratnakar, Bhavprakash, Vangsen. The diet which disturbs the balance among the body elements is called Viruddha Ahara Incompatible diet . Consuming two food items together or a particular type of diet may tend to toxicity it is termed as incompatible diet. Viruddha Incompatible diet means substances which when consumed cause for aggravations of Doshas but do not expel them out of the body and bring about abnormalities in Dhatus and produces Vyadhi. Dr. Sarvesh Balai Pal | Dr. Uttam Bande "Concept of Virrudha Ahara - An Ancient Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98772.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/98772/concept-of-virrudha-ahara--an-ancient-overview/dr-sarvesh-balai-pal

Advanced Mathematics is a public basic mathematics course. The current teaching model predominantly continues to overemphasize calculation and problem solving, which hinders the comprehensive development of students’ mathematical thinking. Moreover, redundant teaching resources and insufficient accessibility of online materials have further compromised teaching effectiveness. To address these issues, we have introduced a student centered educational approach using a Four Drive, Dual Track Integration model. The Four Drives represent four core motivators that provide sustained momentum for teaching innovation. The Dual Track refers to the parallel use of two instructional modes a blended format combining online self directed learning and offline classroom teaching. Integration aims to achieve a deep convergence of theory and practice, knowledge delivery and competency cultivation, as well as online and offline interactions, thereby building an interactive learning community involving both instructors and students. Through the Four Drive framework supported by the Dual Track model, this reform ultimately enhances students’ mathematical thinking, creativity, and problem solving skills, effectively meeting the demands for high quality talent under the Four New Initiatives in the new era. Positive practical outcomes and successful implementation have been observed. Jing Wang | Fenghua Qi | Meiling Wang | Hao Li | Yuqing Duan "Research on Advanced Mathematics Teaching Models in the Digital Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98761.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/98761/research-on-advanced-mathematics-teaching-models-in-the-digital-era/jing-wang

With the digital intelligence technologies into the education field, the teaching of Advanced Mathematics faces practical problems such as a single teaching, insufficient personalization, and low accuracy in effectiveness evaluation. This paper proposes the construction of an intelligent teaching featuring teacher student AI collaboration. Through the construction of a digital intelligent teaching platform, the optimization of teaching content resources, and the design of a collaborative teaching process, triple innovations in the teaching, resource supply, and evaluation system are achieved. Practice has shown that this can effectively stimulate students learning interest, improve learning outcomes and teachers teaching efficiency, providing a replicable practical path for the teaching reform of Advanced Mathematics. Zhang Xiangjun | Liu Yichen | Liu Wenqing | Tsering Chokyi | Sun Li "Innovation and Practice of the Intelligent Teaching of Advanced Mathematics in the Context of Digital Intelligence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98765.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98765/innovation-and-practice-of-the-intelligent-teaching-of-advanced-mathematics-in-the-context-of-digital-intelligence/zhang-xiangjun

This study investigates the relationship between ergonomic highway design and safety outcomes through analysis of 500 km of highway corridors and 3,456 accidents over five years. Using mixed methods combining geometric measurements, driver response studies, and accident data analysis, we establish empirical relationships between design parameters and driver performance. Results indicate that sharp curves R 300m increase response times by 68 and accident rates by 224 , inadequate signage placement reduces appropriate driver responses from 91 to 52 , and substandard pavement markings increase lane departures by 317 . Multiple regression models explain 71 of accident variance through measurable design parameters. The study proposes evidence based recommendations projecting 40 50 accident reduction through systematic ergonomic improvements with benefit cost ratios of 4 1 to 40 1. Humaira Bilal Bhat | Er. Ajay Vikram "The Role of Ergonomic Design in Highway Infrastructure: Enhancing Driver Response Times and Reducing Accidents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/98811/the-role-of-ergonomic-design-in-highway-infrastructure-enhancing-driver-response-times-and-reducing-accidents/humaira-bilal-bhat

Background Raktamok a a therapeutic bloodletting is an ancient para surgical procedure described in Ayurveda for the elimination of vitiated Rakta blood and Do as from the body. The therapy is one of the five purification measures under Sodhana and holds significant importance in managing disorders of Pitta and Rakta du i.Objective This article aims to understand the Ayurvedic perspective of Raktamok a a, its generalized mechanism of action, and to analyze modern safety precautions, contraindications, and the scientific rationale supporting its controlled clinical use.Methodology A review of classical Ayurvedic texts including Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya was undertaken, alongside modern literature and indexed journal references discussing the safety and physiological mechanisms of bloodletting and related therapeutic modalities.Results Raktamok a a is described to purify Rakta and maintain homeostasis by eliminating pathogenic toxins and improving tissue perfusion. Modern interpretations equate its mechanism to controlled removal of blood to reduce venous congestion, decrease inflammatory mediators, and modulate immune responses.Conclusion When performed with appropriate technique and under aseptic conditions, Raktamok a a is a safe and effective para surgical procedure that bridges traditional wisdom with modern therapeutic rationale. However, knowledge of contraindications and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial for preventing complications. Dr. Bommagani Uma Rani | Dr. Vijayakumaraswamy G. Hiremath "Understanding of Raktamok?a?a and its Traditional Ayurvedic Perception and Generalized Mode of Action" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98789.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/98789/understanding-of-raktamok?a?a-and-its-traditional-ayurvedic-perception-and-generalized-mode-of-action/dr-bommagani-uma-rani

Safety in production is of paramount importance for safeguarding peoples lives and property, maintaining social stability, and promoting high quality economic development. It also serves as a significant indicator of a countrys modernization in its governance system and capacity. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to production safety, making a series of important expositions on this topic. These have provided fundamental guidance and injected strong impetus into production safety work in the new era, driving a steady improvement in the national production safety situation. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee further emphasized It is necessary to ensure production safety and maintain stability, firmly press and fulfill production safety responsibilities, strictly implement various regulatory systems, and resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of major and catastrophic accidents. It also explicitly stipulated that planning and formulation should adhere to the principle of coordinating development and safety. This core idea not only sets the direction for production safety work in the new era but also lays a solid foundation for building a national reserve safety system compatible with Chinese style modernization. Bowen Zhang "Anchoring Intrinsic Safety: Research on the Collaborative System of "Responsibility - Training - Prevention - Institution"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98750.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-security/98750/anchoring-intrinsic-safety-research-on-the-collaborative-system-of-responsibility--training--prevention--institution/bowen-zhang

To understand the consumption behavior of female consumers and identify the satisfaction levels and demands within the current She Economy market, this study focuses on female residents aged 15 65 and above in Beijing to investigate the development status of the female consumption market. Firstly, using charts such as bar graphs to illustrate the current state of She Economy consumption, the research finds that female consumers primarily acquire product information through online platforms and recommendations from friends and family. Key purchasing considerations are quality and brand, while loyalty to specific brands relies on consistent quality and positive word of mouth. Furthermore, an Importance Performance Analysis IPA model was applied to analyze consumption satisfaction within the She Economy . The results indicate that dimensions such as convenience should be maintained, aspects like expressing personal style warrant secondary attention, and product quality requires significant improvement. Additionally, an influencing factor analysis based on the Ridit test revealed that design aesthetics and functional practicality within the product service dimension were significantly more important. No significant differences in importance were found among the dimensions belonging to consumption context and emotional social factors. Finally, based on the aforementioned results, relevant recommendations are proposed for businesses. Pan Cheng | Ziman Xing | Jiahui Wang "Research on Economic Consumption Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98790.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98790/research-on-economic-consumption-satisfaction-and-its-influencing-factors/pan-cheng

Background Experiencing seizures in a child is often overwhelming for parents, who may feel unsure about how to respond safely and effectively. Many parents lack the right knowledge and skills to handle seizure episodes, which can lead to anxiety and mistakes during critical moments. This highlights the need for clear, accessible education to help parents better understand and manage childhood seizures. This study explores how well an educational booklet helps parents improve their knowledge, attitudes, and practical responses related to childhood seizures, using a structured approach grounded in General Systems Theory. Methodology This study employed a structured educational intervention to assess its impact on parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP related to childhood seizure management in selected hospitals in Dehradun. Participants, primarily aged 21–40 years from diverse educational and socioeconomic backgrounds, were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved pre and postintervention assessments using validated questionnaires designed to measure KAP levels. The intervention consisted of a comprehensive educational program tailored to address gaps identified in baseline assessments. Statistical analysis included correlation tests to explore relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as demographic comparisons to identify factors influencing outcomes. Ethical approval was secured, and informed consent obtained from all participants. The methodology ensured a systematic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of educational support for parents managing childhood seizures. Results After going through the booklet, parents demonstrated a noticeable improvement in understanding what causes seizures, recognizing symptoms, and how to respond calmly and correctly. Their attitudes toward seizures became more positive, with less fear and stigma. Many also reported adopting safer caregiving habits. Parents shared that the booklet was easy to understand and helped clear up many of their worries and misconceptions. Conclusion This study shows that a well structured educational booklet can make a real difference in how parents manage childhood seizures. By guiding parents step by step through the process of learning and applying new information, the approach based on General Systems Theory proved effective in enhancing both knowledge and practice. This method can serve as a useful model for developing future health education tools that empower parents and improve outcomes for children. Samuel Das | Mrs. Rachal Prasad "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Parent’s Regarding Childhood Seizures in Selected Hospitals of Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98773.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/98773/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-information-booklet-on-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-among-parent’s-regarding-childhood-seizures-in-selected-hospitals-of-dehradun/samuel-das

The aim of this research work was to assess the signal strength variation of an FM radio station on 99.3 MHz frequency during a test transmission in Abuja, Nigeria. The signal strength was measured in a location in Abuja Municipal Area Council AMAC from Monday to Friday, 7 0 AM – 7 00 PM. The one week data was averaged, and the analysis performed using graphical and tabular representations. The result indicates a highly stable transmission throughout the observation period. The recorded values ranged between 47.34 dBµV and 47.73 dBµV, showing a minimal variation of less than 0.40 dBµV. This consistency demonstrates strong broadcast reliability with negligible fading or interference. The result also shows that the signal exhibited a slight midday decline, likely due to increased urban electromagnetic activity and atmospheric heating, followed by stabilization and a gradual evening rise as conditions became more favourable. From the results, it was concluded that the transmission system performed efficiently and maintained stable signal levels throughout the study period of five days. It was recommended that similar test be carried out in other parts of Abuja to determine the signal reception quality and behaviours in those areas. This result will be valuable to the radio station, and other researchers in the radio communication fields. Dr. Haruna Mohammed S | Dr. Yusuf Olatunbosun T | Dr. Ayegba Abdullahi | Engr. Nyabam Mopa Ashem "Signal Strength Analysis of an FM Radio Station’s Test Transmission" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98791.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98791/signal-strength-analysis-of-an-fm-radio-station’s-test-transmission/dr-haruna-mohammed-s

This paper introduces the Improved Golden Eagle Optimizer IGEO , an enhanced version of the Golden Eagle Optimizer GEO incorporating chaotic initialization with the Logistic Map and an adaptive weighting mechanism to improve exploration–exploitation balance. IGEO was benchmarked on 23 test functions and six engineering design problems. Results show that on unimodal benchmarks, IGEO exactly reached the global optimum in 71 of cases 5 7 , compared to 29 for GEO and IGEO3 and 14 for IGEO2. It also achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Error MAE and Standard Deviation SD in 83 of cases, converging faster on average 787 iterations than GEO 905 and IGEO3 892 . For multimodal functions, IGEO matched benchmark optima in 31 of cases 5 16 and secured the best results in another 50 , achieving the lowest MAE and SD in 56 of functions and the fastest convergence in 81 13 16 . In engineering design tests, IGEO provided the most cost effective or lightweight solutions in five of six problems, including a 1.4 cost reduction in pressure vessel design, while remaining competitive in the gear train problem with errors on the order of 10 ¹6. These findings demonstrate IGEO’s robustness, accuracy, and efficiency for solving complex optimization challenges. Amadou Baldeh | Emmanuel Asuming Frimpong | Francis Boafo Effah | Elvis Twumasi "An Improved Golden Eagle Optimizer Using Chaotic Initialization and Adaptive Weighting for Robust Optimization Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97405.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/97405/an-improved-golden-eagle-optimizer-using-chaotic-initialization-and-adaptive-weighting-for-robust-optimization-performance/amadou-baldeh

This paper aims to build a logistics industry news public opinion sentiment analysis method that integrates the TextCNN model with attention mechanism, in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of sentiment classification. The research content covers aspects such as model design, algorithm implementation, experimental verification, and result analysis. By combining TextCNN with attention mechanism, the potential advantages of this approach in improving sentiment analysis performance are explored. The experimental part demonstrates indicators such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 value of the model on the test set, and performs performance comparison analysis with other classic models. The research results show that the model exhibits good adaptability and stability in practical applications, and can effectively support logistics enterprises in public opinion monitoring, risk early warning, and brand management. The adaptability tests of the model in different scenarios and the assessment of its potential for promotion also show its economic and social value in practical commercial applications. Keywords Sentiment Analysis, TextCNN, Attention Mechanism, Logistics Industry, Public Opinion Monitoring. Zhai Jiahao "Research on News Public Opinion Sentiment Analysis of Logistics Enterprises Based on TextCNN Model" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98742.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98742/research-on-news-public-opinion-sentiment-analysis-of-logistics-enterprises-based-on-textcnn-model/zhai-jiahao

This article sets out to investigate if English Language teachers in the Wouri Division in Cameroon teach and test language skills and sub skills according to the Competence Based Approach CBA , norms in the classroom context. Three secondary schools in the Wouri Division were chosen for this study Lycee d’Akwa, Lycee de Ndoghem, All Saints Bilingual College . To achieve this, the following research tools were used A questionnaire was given to the respondents teachers to investigate if they teach and test language skills and sub skills according to the CBA norms. Secondly, classroom observation was carried out to investigate if teachers teach and test language skills and sub skills according to CBA norms. Thirdly, interviews were conducted with some pedagogic inspectors to know how often English Language teachers attend pedagogic seminars to arm themselves with the norms of the CBA in order to teach and test language skills and sub skills according to CBA norms effectively in their classrooms. Data was analyzed statistically using tables and percentages. The analysis revealed that some teachers do not teach language skills and subskills according to CBA norms. For instance, most teachers use deductive methods rather than inductive methods to teach grammar. some respondents did not relate language skills and subskills to real life situations. many teachers did not play the correct roles of a guide, facilitator, organizer, assessor, researcher, etc. When teaching language skills and subskills, teachers rarely use teaching aids to teach their lessons, especially vocabulary lessons. Many of them ignore the teaching of listening and pronunciation lessons with the pretext that these lessons are not tested in official exams. some teachers do only the summative evaluation which is done at the end of the sequence and ignore the diagnostic and summative evaluations. Furthermore, after analyzing the questionnaire given to respondents, Classroom observations and carrying out interviews with some of the respondents, we realized that teachers do not teach language skills and sub skills according to CBA norms because of some difficulties they face in the field. For instance, some of the difficulties include lack of knowledge of the norms of the CBA, lack of teaching aids, insufficient hours allocated for the teaching of the English language, lack of motivation, among other difficulties. Finally, we came up with some suggestions that would help teachers to better teach and test language skills and sub skills according to CBA norms in their classrooms. We also made some recommendations which would be of help to teachers, curriculum designers, and educational authorities. Some proposals for further research were also made. Nyanka Doris Ngwanui "Teaching and Testing Language Skills and Sub-Skills According to CBA Norms: A Case Study of Three Selected Schools in the Wouri Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/98784/teaching-and-testing-language-skills-and-subskills-according-to-cba-norms-a-case-study-of-three-selected-schools-in-the-wouri-division/nyanka-doris-ngwanui

The rapidly increasing number of Internet of Things IoT devices is forecast to exceed 75 billion by 2025, driving demand for energy efficient computing frameworks to support data intensive applications in emerging technologies such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. Edge cloud computing architecture leverages both edge processing capacity and centralized cloud processing capacity to address the inherent limitations of edge processing, namely energy costs associated with limited resources at the edge or transmission costs including energy and delay associated with sending data back and forth to the cloud. In this paper, an Energy Aware Task Offloading EATO algorithm is proposed that dynamically offloads tasks to edge devices, edge servers, and the cloud for optimized energy consumption and quality of service QoS . The EATO algorithm utilizes real time energy profiling, network conditions, and computational requirements, and is calculated as a mathematical optimization problem. The EATO algorithm was evaluated using a simulation of 100 IoT devices and found to reduce energy consumption by up to 25 compared to edge only and cloud only approaches, while producing a 21 enhancement in task scheduling time over state of the art methods 15 . The paper makes two main contributions a generic, scalable task offloading framework and an examination of hybrid based architecture for sustainable computing. The findings will encourage researchers to focus on energy efficiency for IoT deployments, and future work will investigate the coordination of these systems with real world implementations and renewable energy sources. Awodire, Moyosoluwa | Abrahams, Oluwafemi "Optimizing Energy Consumption through Hybrid Edge-Cloud Computation Models" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98796.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-architecture/98796/optimizing-energy-consumption-through-hybrid-edgecloud-computation-models/awodire-moyosoluwa

This study investigates the design, modelling, and structural optimization of a heavy duty diesel genset canopy frame engineered to sustain a maximum load of 25 tonnes under industrial operating conditions. Traditional canopy frames often suffer from excessive self weight, poor material utilization, and susceptibility to localized stress concentrations, leading to premature structural failures or increased manufacturing costs. To overcome these limitations, a rigorous computer aided design CAD and finite element analysis FEA workflow was established using SOLIDWORKS, enabling precise geometry creation, load application, and iterative performance refinement. The canopy frame was constructed using standard rectangular and tubular steel sections connected through full welded joints to ensure adequate load transfer and structural integrity. Material properties for mild steel were assigned as per standard engineering data, and boundary conditions were selected to accurately reflect real life mounting and operational scenarios. Static structural analysis was performed under the worst case loading condition of 25 tonnes, including considerations for vertical loads, potential load eccentricity, and frame rigidity. Initial simulation results revealed areas of elevated stress and excessive deflection, prompting geometric modifications such as reinforcement placements, cross member redistribution, and optimization of section sizes. The optimized design demonstrated substantial improvements in stress distribution, reduced peak stresses, increased global stiffness, and minimized deflection within acceptable engineering limits. Additionally, the optimized configuration achieved a favorable balance between structural performance and material usage, reducing overall weight while maintaining safety margins. The study concludes that a simulation driven design approach significantly enhances reliability, manufacturability, and cost effectiveness compared to traditional empirical design methods. The final canopy frame design is robust, production ready, and suitable for deployment in heavy duty industrial, construction, and power generation environments where high load bearing capability and structural durability are essential. Mr. Govind Rajabhau Bhosle | Dr. B. S. Allurkar | Prof. S. M. Nagure "Design & Structural Analysis of Diesel Genset Heavy Canopy Frame using SOLIDWORKS and Finite Element Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98806.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/98806/design-and-structural-analysis-of-diesel-genset-heavy-canopy-frame-using-solidworks-and-finite-element-analysis/mr-govind-rajabhau-bhosle

An autonomous vehicle or self driving vehicle is a vehicle that can sense its environment and drive itself without human assistance. Machine learning is already being applied to several aspects of driverless technology and it will also play an essential role in future developments. It can be used individually on the output of each sensor modality to better classify objects, determine distance and movement, and predict the actions of other traffic participants. It is also implemented for higher levels of driver assistance, such as perceiving and understanding the world around a car. Autonomous vehicles is a disruptive technology that has the potential to transform the current transportation system by reducing traffic accidents and enhancing driving safety. This paper studies how machine learning is used in autonomous vehicles. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Autonomous Vehicles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99828.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99828/machine-learning-in-autonomous-vehicles/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD emerges from a complex interaction of emotional dysregulation, chronic stress, and psychosomatic processes. Integrating lifestyle modification, mind–body therapies, and individualized homoeopathic intervention guided by Organon §225 offers a comprehensive, patient centered approach to healing. Dr. Vijay K. Amipara | Dr. Priyanka J. Shroff "Integrative Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Role of Lifestyle, Mind-Body Approaches, Emotional Dynamics & Homoeopathy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99823.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/99823/integrative-management-of-generalized-anxiety-disorder-role-of-lifestyle-mindbody-approaches-emotional-dynamics-and-homoeopathy/dr-vijay-k-amipara

Brand innovation is a critical strategic lever in highly competitive markets, yet its empirical link to economic outcomes in emerging telecommunications sectors remains underexplored. This study examines the economics of brand innovation and its effect on market efficiency in Nigeria’s telecommunications sector, drawing on evidence from South West Nigeria. Grounded in Schumpeter’s Theory of Innovation and Porter’s Competitive Forces Model, the research analyzes how product, process, positioning, and paradigm innovations influence allocative, productive, and dynamic efficiency. A descriptive and causal research design was employed, collecting primary data from 400 subscribers via structured questionnaires, complemented by secondary data from the Nigerian Communications Commission NCC . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression. Findings reveal that brand innovation has a statistically significant positive impact on market efficiency ß = 0.409, p .001 , explaining 52.1 of its variance. Process and paradigm innovations were identified as the most potent drivers, highlighting the importance of operational excellence and business model transformation. The results further indicate that competitive intensity and regulatory frameworks mediate the translation of innovation into tangible efficiency gains. This study provides novel empirical evidence from an African context, demonstrating that strategic brand innovation is a key determinant of market efficiency. It offers practical insights for telecom operators to prioritize impactful innovations and recommends that regulators foster innovation friendly policies to enhance sectoral performance and consumer welfare. Iborida, Emmanuel "The Economics of Brand Innovation and Market Efficiency in Nigerias Telecoms Sector: Evidence from South West, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98802.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/98802/the-economics-of-brand-innovation-and-market-efficiency-in-nigerias-telecoms-sector-evidence-from-south-west-nigeria/iborida-emmanuel

This paper examines how expanding women’s education particularly in STEM and life sciences intersects with emerging trends in the pharmaceutical sector to shape future opportunities for drug discovery, development, regulation, and access. Drawing on recent global data, industry analyses, and programmatic examples, we identify three major pathways through which women’s education influences pharmaceuticals 1 human capital and workforce diversification, 2 research agendas and innovation including women’s health and precision medicine , and 3 entrepreneurship and policy leadership. We synthesize evidence on the current representation of women in STEM and healthcare, describe technological and market trends in pharma AI, biologics, digital health, personalized medicine , and map gaps and levers for action scholarships, mentorship, institutional reform, and targeted investments. The paper offers policy and industry recommendations to accelerate gender equitable participation in pharmaceutical science and leadership, and proposes a mixed methods research agenda to monitor progress. Strengthening women’s educational pathways is argued to be not only an equity imperative but a strategic driver of pharmaceutical innovation and systems that better serve diverse populations. Maniul Hassan "Women’s Education and the Future of Pharmaceuticals: Exploring Emerging Trends and Opportunities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99836/women’s-education-and-the-future-of-pharmaceuticals-exploring-emerging-trends-and-opportunities/maniul-hassan

For ensuring safe and reliable online banking transactions, adequate cybersecurity procedures and higher customer awareness are required. This study examines the effect of cybersecurity perception and measures adopted by the bank on customers trust and digital banking acceptance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the 385 active customers of digital banking services or transactions. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software. A proper knowledge of cybersecurity strategies can improve the customers trust. The study emphasizes that in order to boost the customers trust and digital banking service usage, customer education and strengthening bank security mechanisms are essential. Shereen Ameer. K. P. | Dr. Jayarajan. T. K. "A Study on the Customer Perception Towards Digital Security in the Banking Sector in Kerala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99829.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/99829/a-study-on-the-customer-perception-towards-digital-security-in-the-banking-sector-in-kerala/shereen-ameer-k-p

This paper focuses on the compliance challenges faced during the process of recognizing data assets on financial statements. It investigates the existing difficulties by combining the current landscape and analyzing case studies, such as Kweichow Moutais attempts to incorporate consumer data, supply chain data, and process data into its assets. The analysis indicates that although enterprises may have a preliminary framework for data recognition, the process remains hindered by singular valuation methods and the lack of a compliance review mechanism. Furthermore, the study identifies the key factors truly impeding the recognition of data assets firstly, the unclear delineation of data ownership, and secondly, the misalignment between legal norms and accounting standards. Liu Jiayu | Wang Xintong | Fan Yixuan | Zhang Jining | Liu Yu "Compliance Issues in the Recognition of Enterprise Data Assets on Financial Statements" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99840.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/99840/compliance-issues-in-the-recognition-of-enterprise-data-assets-on-financial-statements/liu-jiayu

Bullying remains a pervasive issue in workplaces, often inadequately addressed despite its damaging effects on employees’ mental health. Victims frequently suffer stress, anxiety, depression, and helplessness, which can escalate into severe psychological disorders. This study, therefore, examined the effect of workplace bullying on employee mental health in selected hospitality firms in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to analyze the effect of aggressive communication on emotional expression, assess the impact of blame shifting on interpersonal relationships, and identify the effect of undermining actions on work engagement. The study was anchored on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and adopted an experimental research design. From a population of 599, a sample size of 234 respondents was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and analyzed with frequency tables, percentages, and arithmetic means. Hypotheses were tested using Simple Regression with SPSS version 25 , at a 5 significance level. Results revealed that aggressive communication has a statistical a significant effect on emotional expression R² = .904 , blame shifting on interpersonal relationships R² = .900 , and undermining actions on work engagement R² = .914 . The study concluded that workplace bullying in its various forms negatively affects employee well being and organizational harmony. It emphasized the need for hospitality firms to adopt proactive strategies to mitigate bullying. The study recommended the establishment of clear anti bullying policies, strict enforcement of behavioural standards, and provision of confidential counselling services for affected employees. Okigbo Ferdinand Chukwunwike | Asogwa Sheila Ogochukwu | Kekeocha Mary Ezinne "Effect of Workplace Bullying on Employee Mental Health in Nigeria: A Hospitality Industry Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99844.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/99844/effect-of-workplace-bullying-on-employee-mental-health-in-nigeria-a-hospitality-industry-perspective/okigbo-ferdinand-chukwunwike

Wind energy is among the most sophisticated and rapidly growing renewable energy sources. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation of Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG photovoltaic PV and wind energy generators, including system designs, power converters, control strategies, and the dynamic and steady state performance of real Wind Energy Conversion Systems WECS . The emphasis is on a technique for regulating the DC link voltage and attaining Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT in a hybrid photovoltaic wind turbine system. The examined system is a modified PV DFIG configuration, whereby the photovoltaic output power is fed into the grid via both the grid side and rotor side converters of the DFIG. The suggested control technique concurrently regulates the DC link voltage and the maximum power point tracking MPPT of the photovoltaic PV system. This method is economically reasonable since it eliminates the need for a specialized PV converter, resulting in more efficient integration of PV output electricity into the grid. The results are generated via MATLAB SIMULINK. The dynamic model is constructed with the machines equivalent circuit, articulated in fixed, rotor, and synchronous reference frames to assess performance. The stator of the DFIG is directly linked to the grid, and grid synchronization and power regulation are accomplished by managing the rotor voltage via a two level back to back converter. The Grid Side Converter GSC is designed to provide regulated power to the grid, while the Rotor Side Converter RSC is managed to attain Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT and Unity Power Factor UPF . Simulations, executed with and without the photovoltaic system, provide outcomes for voltage, current, and both real and reactive power, using MATLAB. Sweta Kumari | Ashish Bhargava "Hybrid PV– DFIG Wind Energy System for Grid Integration: MPPT Control, DC-Link Regulation, Converter Strategy and Performance Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99848.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/99848/hybrid-pv–-dfig-wind-energy-system-for-grid-integration-mppt-control-dclink-regulation-converter-strategy-and-performance-analysis/sweta-kumari

This research critically analyses the multifaceted and sometimes conflicting phenomenon of hybridizing the traditional, indigenous, socio cultural systems and the modern, imported management systems. In particular, it explores the adoption of Western based High Performance Work Systems HPWS in the peculiar socio cultural environment of the Sri Lankan organizations, where the traditional conception of Seth Koodu, a Sinhalese word that describes mutuality, humane intervention, and social cohesion, is still a strong informal phenomenon. This study examines the dynamic relationship between the performance focused, meritocratic logic of HPWS and the relationship focused, compassionate logic of Seth Koodu through a qualitative, multi case study design that involves interviewing and analyzing documents in the chosen Sri Lankan companies. The results show that the integration is not a smooth combination but a place of constant negotiation and tension. Although there were examples of positive synergy, in which the trust HPWS practices, such as teamwork, were encouraged by Seth Koodu, in more cases, there were core value contradictions. The tensions here are the managerial dilemmas between the use of performance measures and generous leave, friction between the universalistic reward regime and specific duty, and an overall dissociation between impersonal effectiveness of HPWS and the ethical concern of social embeddedness. The research concludes that the emerging hybrid system is by its very nature unstable, and puts both the manager and employee under a dual pressure of having to deal with competing logics of compassion and competition. The study is essential to the cross cultural management debate because it questions the perceived universal nature of HPWS and the importance of deep rooted, informal cultural establishments in determining the adjustment and eventual success of international management practices. It proposes the creation of a more culturally conscious model of high performance that respects and carefully intersects, instead of repressing, these indigenous values. Dr. R. K. M Lankanath "Between Compassion and Competition: Examining the Hybridization of Traditional Seth Koodu and High-Performance Work Systems in Sri Lankan Organizations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97696.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97696/between-compassion-and-competition-examining-the-hybridization-of-traditional-seth-koodu-and-highperformance-work-systems-in-sri-lankan-organizations/dr-r-k-m-lankanath

Rapid urbanization has resulted in increased pressure on resources, public health, and the environment. Smart cities, powered by the Internet of Things IoT and Artificial Intelligence AI , have emerged as transformative frameworks to enhance environmental governance, economic efficiency, and urban health. This research paper explores how IoT enabled sensing technologies, AI driven analytics, and integrated urban data platforms can improve environmental monitoring, resource efficiency, and decision making processes. The study examines key technologies, applications, and implementation challenges, and provides a unified architecture for IoT–AI–governance convergence. The findings highlight that IoT–AI driven systems significantly improve air quality management, waste operations, energy utilization, water conservation, urban mobility, and public health surveillance. The paper concludes with future research directions on ethical AI, digital twins, resilient infrastructure, and policy frameworks required for sustainable smart cities. Nikunj Chandrakant Gediya "Smart Cities and Environmental Governance: Leveraging IoT and AI for Economic Efficiency and Healthier Urban Living" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99853.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/99853/smart-cities-and-environmental-governance-leveraging-iot-and-ai-for-economic-efficiency-and-healthier-urban-living/nikunj-chandrakant-gediya

Artificial intelligence AI refers to a branch of computer science and engineering dedicated to developing systems and algorithms capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. It is at the heart of smart city development, driving the efficiency and safety of these urban environments. Smart cities represent the future of urban living, where technology and data driven solutions come together to improve the quality of life for residents. From optimizing transportation systems to managing environmental resources, enhancing governance, improving quality of life, fostering economic growth, and empowering citizens, AI plays an important role in unlocking the full potential of smart cities. AI enables cities to become more efficient, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of their inhabitants. Roads, bridges, buildings, and other urban infrastructure can be monitored efficiently using AI and aerial imagery. This paper reviews the role of artificial intelligence in shaping smart cities. It provides valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists involved in shaping the future of smart cities. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99862.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99862/artificial-intelligence-in-smart-cities/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The price instability has been a persistent problem in the emerging economies. With rising curiosity regarding true drivers of inflation and motivated by the ongoing debates this study examines how Money supply M1 and Repo rate shape inflation in India. The research includes evidence from the era after Central Bank RBI began formally targeting inflation. The research answers the question of which is a more powerful tool for managing prices controlling the money supply or changing the interest rate. This study addresses a research gap in the existing literature for India, which often presents mixed empirical findings. The primary objective is to evaluate whether liquidity expansion controlling the money supply or policy rate adjustments changing interest rates exerts a stronger influence on consumer price inflation CPI . The research methodology employs an econometric modelling framework, specifically multiple regression analysis using monthly secondary data collected from 2013 to 2025. This approach assesses the monetary variables and their impact on inflation. The analysis reveals that the narrow money supply M1 has a strong and significant effect on inflation. In contrast, the Repo Rate does not display a meaningful influence, highlighting the dominance of liquidity conditions over interest rate. Overall, these findings imply that inflation in India is more sensitive to monetary expansion than to policy rate changes. The research adds value by refining the existing empirical understanding of Indias monetary dynamics and supports the need for strengthened transmission mechanisms within the central banks operational framework. Mahak Panjwani "An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Money Supply and Monetary Policy on Inflation in India: Evidence from Time Series Data" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99855.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/99855/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-money-supply-and-monetary-policy-on-inflation-in-india-evidence-from-time-series-data/mahak-panjwani

Artificial intelligence AI is a term used to describe a group of computerized systems that carry out jobs typically done by humans. AI in smart home refers to a residence equipped with devices and systems that use artificial intelligence AI to create automated and personalized environments by learning user habits to control devices like lights, thermostats, and security systems. This allows for a more intuitive experience, where the home can anticipate needs without explicit commands. AI smart homes provide homeowners with AI apps to automate homes. These smart systems learn your habits and preferences, making your home more convenient, energy efficient, and secure by automatically adjusting to your needs. The development of smart home technology has been given top priority in national energy strategies and strategic planning. This paper explores the essence of AI in smart homes. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Smart Homes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99861.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99861/artificial-intelligence-in-smart-homes/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Artificial intelligence AI refers to a branch of computer science and engineering dedicated to developing systems and algorithms capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. It is at the heart of smart city development, driving the efficiency and safety of these urban environments. Smart cities represent the future of urban living, where technology and data driven solutions come together to improve the quality of life for residents. From optimizing transportation systems to managing environmental resources, enhancing governance, improving quality of life, fostering economic growth, and empowering citizens, AI plays an important role in unlocking the full potential of smart cities. AI enables cities to become more efficient, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of their inhabitants. Roads, bridges, buildings, and other urban infrastructure can be monitored efficiently using AI and aerial imagery. This paper reviews the role of artificial intelligence in shaping smart cities. It provides valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists involved in shaping the future of smart cities. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99862.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99862/artificial-intelligence-in-smart-cities/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The rapid fusion of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence AI is transforming how organizations automate operational workflows and strategic activities. As competitive markets demand higher productivity, cost efficiency, and accuracy, intelligent robotics emerges as a critical enabler of next generation automation. This paper examines the evolving landscape of AI enabled robotics, outlining key technological drivers, emerging use cases, economic implications, and organizational barriers affecting adoption. The analysis reveals that companies incorporating adaptive robotics and data centric AI systems will be better positioned to achieve hyper automation, operational flexibility, and enhanced decision intelligence. Mr. Abhishek Vaishnav | Mr. Jageshwar Sahu | Mr. Ajay Kumar Baghel "Future of Robotics and AI Integration in Business Automation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99843.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/99843/future-of-robotics-and-ai-integration-in-business-automation/mr-abhishek-vaishnav

Artificial intelligence AI refers to machines that can perform tasks typically seen as requiring human intelligence. AI in the context of human resources refers to the use of advanced technologies to automate, optimize, and improve personnel management processes. AI is transforming the field of human resources, helping HR teams make data driven decisions, streamline processes, and improve the overall employee experience. AI is used in HR to automate repetitive tasks, gain data driven insights, and personalize the employee experience. By analyzing data, recognizing patterns, and making predictions at greater speed and scale, AI enhances human productivity. This study explores the impact of AI on human resources practices. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | David Padi | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99863.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99863/artificial-intelligence-in-human-resources/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In the context of the digital economy era, sports events have become an important vehicle for promoting national fitness. This study focused on the participants, spectators and staff of the Tongzhou Grand Canal Half Marathon. Through questionnaire surveys, it comprehensively utilized various analytical methods such as K prototype clustering, structural equation model, Ordered Logit model and Apriori association rules, Empirically test the factors influencing satisfaction and the characteristics of service demands throughout the event. The study found that digital transformation can effectively identify and construct user profiles of high satisfaction participants , medium satisfaction actors , and low satisfaction callers , precisely depicting group characteristics Event information, venue facilities, and on site services are key factors affecting the satisfaction of participants, while problems such as crowded starting areas, unclear signs, and untimely information updates significantly lower the experience evaluation Different groups show different combinations of preferences for finisher services. Further analysis suggests that the optimization of the event experience should focus on the refinement of processes, the precision of services, and the balance of commercial sponsorship. Based on this, countermeasures are proposed in terms of optimizing event organization, strengthening data driven decision making, and improving spectator order, providing practical references for the high quality development of sports events in the context of national fitness. Buzuoha Re | Ding Dang | Fu Tengfei | Zheng Yibo | Yu Zhichuan "Investigation Report on Tongzhou Marathon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99858.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/99858/investigation-report-on-tongzhou-marathon/buzuoha-re

Background Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, is a growing public health concern worldwide. Lifestyle factors such as stress, obesity, sedentary behavior, smoking, and poor diet are strongly associated with reproductive dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the relationship between lifestyle factors and infertility among couples attending an infertility clinic and to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification counselling. Methods A hospital based pre experimental study was conducted among 100 infertile couples aged 20–40 years in Indore. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing lifestyle practices. A structured counselling session was administered, followed by post intervention evaluation after 12 weeks. Results Before counselling, 72 of participants reported inadequate physical activity, 60 consumed high fat diets, and 54 had high stress. Post intervention, significant improvement was seen in lifestyle practices p 0.001 . Eighteen percent reported conception within three months of intervention. Conclusion Lifestyle modification and counselling significantly improve fertility outcomes. Nurses play a pivotal role in promoting reproductive health through lifestyle interventions. Dr. Amita Shilpa Gottlieb "Infertility and Lifestyle Management: A Hospital-Based Study in Indore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd98729.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/98729/infertility-and-lifestyle-management-a-hospitalbased-study-in-indore/dr-amita-shilpa-gottlieb

The Internet of Things IoT has transformed the way we interact with our surroundings by enabling large scale connectivity among billions of devices. These connected devices continuously exchange data, resulting in massive and rapidly growing data volumes. However, this expansion also brings a major concern ensuring the reliability and security of IoT generated data. Detecting data anomalies is essential for identifying unusual patterns, system deviations, and potential cyber threats within IoT environments. This paper reviews the latest developments, commonly used approaches, and ongoing challenges in IoT data anomaly detection. We examine the advantages and limitations of different detection techniques, including statistical models, machine learning approaches, and deep learning methods. The discussion also highlights the unique characteristics of IoT data—such as heterogeneity, scalability requirements, real time processing demands, and privacy issues—that make anomaly detection particularly complex. By addressing these factors, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties involved and guide the development of more accurate and efficient anomaly detection solutions for IoT systems. Somoshi Kavita M. | Bansode Rahul S. "Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT Sensor Data Using SVC and Random Forest: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99872.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/99872/anomaly-detection-in-industrial-iot-sensor-data-using-svc-and-random-forest-a-review/somoshi-kavita-m

This paper traces the educational journey, professional life, and legacy of Begum Shamsunnahar Mahmud c.1908–1964 , a pioneering Bengali Muslim writer, teacher, social worker and parliamentarian whose life bridged the late colonial and early post partition decades in Bengal East Pakistan. Using primary biographical references and scholarly syntheses, the paper situates Mahmud within the broader movement for Muslim women’s education, documents her pedagogical and literary contributions, and assesses her long term legacy for women’s educational infrastructure and public life in Bangladesh. Maniul Hassan "Educational Journey of a Muslim Woman Educationist: Begum Shamsunnahar Mahmud (1908–1964)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99887.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99887/educational-journey-of-a-muslim-woman-educationist-begum-shamsunnahar-mahmud-1908–1964/maniul-hassan

Concrete is the most important material for construction work but day by day use of cement, sand, fine and coarse aggregates, and water, are creating a big issues for our environment and also a big problems in construction industry are the production of cement which emits large amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. So we are partially replacing cement by using of industrial wastes like Marble powder, hypo sludge and Jute fibre up to 5 to15 . The paper mill waste like sludge from paper mills is produced in huge amount of waste in our industrial areas. The paper sludge makes up 0.6 to 0.7 of the whole amount of municipal garbage produced in India. Jute is a huge fibre that is used for dismissal, burlap, and cord as a backing material for tufted carpets. Marble by its variety of products has been widely used in structures since ancient times and with the increase in production of marbles it increases the waste during quarrying by means of cutting, sawing, shaping and finishing processes. Once paper fibers have been reused a certain number of times, it becomes far too weak or small to produce a high quality composite. It means the low quality, broken paper fiber are sent out to be processed into garbage. These was contains heavy metals which makes the water unfit for use and also creates environmental problem shaving great impact on human health as well as on nature. Waste management of the marble powder is planned and tried to investigate the effect of utilizing it for partial replacement of cement in concrete. Percentage replacement of cement with hypo sludge, jute fibre and marble powder is replaced at 0 15 in a mixture of M30 grade of concrete. The strength of compressive strength to be found at 7 and 28 days. Pavan Singh | Pawan Dubey | Rakesh Sakale "Utilization of Hypo Sludge With Jute Fiber & Marble Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99867.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/99867/utilization-of-hypo-sludge-with-jute-fiber-and-marble-dust-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete/pavan-singh

The basic element of any language or literature in the world is the alphabet var a mala . The alphabet is the collection of letters. When they are expressed in writing, they are called letters. The manifesting Supreme Lord enters the Adharacakra of the living being with the vital sound. Then, the mind manifesting subtle form is obtained and manifests in the form of mantra svara letters. This is the mother of the subtle and unmanifest form of the alphabet. These letters are indestructible. The Sabda Brahmavadin’s call Brahma the eternal ‘Letters’, “Anadinidhana brahma sabdatattba yadak aram Bibarttate rthabhabena prakri a jagato yata ” There is a mysterious mythological story about the creation of the alphabet. Lord Shiva, in his ta ava dance, blew the damaru drums fourteen times. Probably to make the fourteen worlds resound. These are the ones together called ‘Maheshwara Sutra’ or ‘Shiva Sutra’. For the correct understanding of the meaning of the Vedas, six Vedangas were originated. Among them, the Vedanga called Siksa is one of the Vedas ‘Phonology’ Dhwanivijñan . Several letters are combined together to form letters. When we pronounce these colorful letters, an inclination of pronunciation, a breath or accent, and a strength or level of tone come with them. All together, there is a special meaning invested. There are five things in an axis. Namely svara, varna, accent, matra, and viniyoga. Svara means heaven, and Var a means glory, splendor, brilliance. This is about the glory and brightness of heaven Vowels. The voice of the gods is the voice of man. ‘Saptantrikanthosthitah swarah’ Amarako a Vowels are sounds that become sounds or in the song of Udgata. Svara also means melody. The universal sacrifice of the self creation of the power infused Brahmana is the seed shaped vowel alphabet. Therefore, the fact that letters are Brahma is not just a sages saying, but also science and logic. The fact that ‘Sound’ and ‘Colour’ are the same is scientific today. Sound becomes an image in form and colour. Colour is the consonant of the vowel vibration. Just as in music, each raga has a special form and colour. They have divided colour into two parts, vowel and consonant. Like man and nature. Consciousness and power. Vowel is an independent, independent self, self reliant. Eternal Being is without qualities. The vowel is Brahma Purusha in form and the consonant is natural. His power is manifested in the shelter of Brahma Purusha. Therefore, consonants cannot be pronounced without the shelter of vowel. The color diversity of consonants plays on the colorless surface of the vowel, and if the surface is removed, the image also disappears. The language in which the number of vowels is more, also has more vowels and consonants and diversity. Vowels are naturally clear and profound. The more vowels a language has, the more clarity and depth that language has. The radiance and brilliance, power and action of all the gods are in the form of vowels in the form of seeds. If vowels are considered as the seeds of creation, then consonants are the shoots of creation. Just as the soul is embedded in the shoots, similarly all creation is embedded in the consonants. ‘Bisbamatmagata byañjan ku astho jagada kura ’. The infinite, infinite, impersonal Brahman is manifested in this consonant. ‘Prapañca atmagata sbasmin suk marupe a sthita byañja an praka a an sarbatra’. From the body of the Lord, the vowels arise, from touch, the consonants arise, from the senses, the four warm tones Sa a Sa Ha , from the soul, the inner tones Ja Va Ra La , and from the blissful abode, the seven tones araja, rishabha, gandhara, madhyam, pancham, dhaivata and nisada arise. Because the Lord Himself is the embodiment of the Vedas and Brahmana in the manifested and unmanifested forms. ‘Sabdabrahmatbanastasya byaktabyaktatmana para ’. The Supreme Lord Himself appeared in the vastness of space and the vastness of the universe, the aditya var a of the world sparkled, the sounding speed and vibration arose, the chest of the celestial earth began to tremble, the space and this earth were a dense touch of sound, movement and colour, Brahma Himself with all of them. When seen from the divine perspective, all the gods are in the first five consonants. This body of ours is the base of all the principles, elements and qualities of the universe. The body is actually ‘var abrahmaya vapuh’. The earth is rotating on its own axis or pole. This axis of the earth is A k a ‘Kshamerukaih’. That is, fifty one alphabets from ‘A ’ to ‘K a ’. All the alphabets from ‘A’ to ‘K a’ are present in the axis of Brahma’s hand. The fifty one broken beads on the neck of Mother Kali are actually the mother form of the alphabets. Mother Kali stands above the creation of time in a dark, sunken form. Her expression is this entire alphabet. This alphabet is the vibration of all the activity and movement of the great power. The alphabet is the subtle wave chain Tarangamala of creative power. Pralay Mandal "The Chromatic Diversity of the Alphabet and the Mystery of Creation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99886.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sanskrit/99886/the-chromatic-diversity-of-the-alphabet-and-the-mystery-of-creation/pralay-mandal

Academic institution to a large extent depends on how its concept has been conceived, where dedicated intellectuals burn the night lamp to discover’ irrespective whether their discoveries have any meaning to the real world or notA second concept is one of a custodian of society. There is yet a third and equally significant concept of academic institution which conceives it as an organization dedicated to perform its social responsibility by extending itself beyond, its four wallsAcademic neutrality is luxury that academic institutions cannot afford in India. They must indulge in functionally useful attempts to uplift management of education. Dr. A. Joychandra Singh "Management of Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99888.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99888/management-of-education/dr-a-joychandra-singh

This study examines how artificial intelligence AI is reshaping financial planning and wealth management through the perspectives and practices of Indian financial advisors. Using a mixed methods approach a nationwide survey of practicing advisors complemented by in depth interviews we explore adoption levels, the kinds of AI tools being used for portfolio construction, risk profiling, client communication, and back office automation , and the perceived effects on service quality, efficiency, and client trust. Results show that while basic AI tools for data analysis and robo recommendations are widely adopted, more advanced uses predictive analytics, natural language client assistants are growing but uneven across firm size and advisor experience. Advisors report improved efficiency and faster decision support, but they also express concerns about explainability, regulatory compliance, and potential erosion of the advisor client relationship. The study highlights a trade off, AI can enhance personalization and scale advisory services, yet human judgment and relationship management remain crucial for client confidence and ethical decision making. We conclude with practical recommendations for advisors, firms, and regulators, invest in AI literacy and transparent model governance, design hybrid human AI workflows that preserve fiduciary duties, and create guidelines to protect client interests while enabling innovation. Praveen Kumar | Dr. Nilmani Tripathi | Ashutosh Kumar Gautam "Assessing the Impact of AI on Financial Planning and Wealth Management: A Study of Indian Financial Advisors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99889.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/99889/assessing-the-impact-of-ai-on-financial-planning-and-wealth-management-a-study-of-indian-financial-advisors/praveen-kumar

With the rise of low cost space technologies, CubeSat type nanosatellites are becoming essential tools for scientific, educational, and remote sensing missions. This study presents a comprehensive approach to the sizing, modeling, and simulation of a photovoltaic system PVS for powering a 3U CubeSat. The project, conducted as part of a university collaboration in Djibouti DJ COTT with the Montpellier Space Center, aims to design a reliable energy architecture adapted to the extreme constraints of the space environment. The study explores the choice of components solar cells, MPPT controllers, batteries, DC DC converters , their modeling in Matlab Simulink, and the optimization of energy performance in sun synchronous orbit. The results show that the use of triple junction cells, combined with intelligent power management, ensures the CubeSats energy autonomy throughout its mission. Mamadou Tine | Mamadou Seck Gueye | Pierre Faye | Mohamed Mahamoud Mohamed | Joseph Sarr "Sizing, Modeling, and Simulation of a Photovoltaic System for Powering a CubeSat-Type Nanosatellite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99841.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99841/sizing-modeling-and-simulation-of-a-photovoltaic-system-for-powering-a-cubesattype-nanosatellite/mamadou-tine

Quantum computing QC utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to novelly process information, rivaling, and positioning itself to transcend the capabilities of classical computing. QC in healthcare is an emerging field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to address complex problems that are beyond the capabilities of traditional supercomputers. Quantum computing is poised to revolutionize clinical care by addressing computational bottlenecks and enhancing the precision, scalability, and adaptability of medical workflows. It holds the potential to transform drug discovery, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and enable personalized medicine. This paper focuses on the applications of quantum computing within healthcare. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Computing in Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99907.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99907/quantum-computing-in-healthcare/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Diabetes mellitus is a disease whose dramatic increase in prevalence worldwide poses a global health crisis. The incidence of diabetes has risen due to insufficient practice surrounding the disease. The quality of life has decreased due to the recent rise in diabetes related mortality and illnesses. Hence, leading healthy lives requires patients to have self awareness, which will eventually contribute to reducing diabetes mellitus related complications. Mahzari M A, Oraibi O H, Shami A M, et al , 2022 1Diabetes mellitus is rapidly, gaining a potential epidemic state all over the world. In 2014, about 387 million people were suffering from diabetes mellitus globally, of which 75 million people are from Southeast Asia. And it is projected to be 592,000,000by 2035. Among the diabetic population, 77 are living in low and middle income countries or average developed people. Every 7 seconds, one person dies from diabetes mellitus. Globally, more than 21 million live births have been affected by diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in 2013. It not only poses a grave threat to the health of a mother and her child, but evidence shows that this can lead to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life for the child between 20 to 79 years of age. 66846 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 35495 million people remained undiagnosed. Koley M, Saha S, Arya JS, et al, 2016 2So, a quantitative descriptive research approach and design was used to assess the level of awareness regarding Diabetes Mellitus among people suffering from Diabetes Mellitus. A total sample of 100 people suffering from Diabetes Mellitus was taken through purposive sampling technique. Self structured interview schedule was used for collection of data. Data collected is analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.Conclusion Findings of the study revealed that out of 100 Diabetes Mellitus patients, 98 had good level of awareness, 2 had average level of awareness and 0 had below average level of awareness. Study concluded that most of the sample had good level of awareness regarding Diabetes Mellitus. Dr. Parminder Kaur "Awareness Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among People Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Community Areas of District, Fazilka: A Descriptive Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99890.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/99890/awareness-regarding-diabetes-mellitus-among-people-suffering-from-diabetes-mellitus-in-selected-community-areas-of-district-fazilka-a-descriptive-study/dr-parminder-kaur

Introduction CKD is a condition of gradual loss of kidney actions, eventually causing in the requirement for renal function replacement therapy, like as dialysis or renal transplantation. An estimated 175,000 people in India were receiving chronic dialysis in 2018. On the basis of literature and clinical experience researchers realized the urgent need to plan and conduct a study on awareness about haemodialysis of caregivers of such patients. The study finding might be beneficial for the caregivers of haemodialysis patients. Methods Present research study employed quantitative approach and pre experimental nature of research design. The research study was performed at Govt. general hospital, Upasana hospital and Lions hospital Mehsana city. Information booklet on knowledge was given as intervention. The time period employed in data collection was 4 weeks. Questionnaire method was used to gather data. The data collection tool encompasses two parts. Result Around three fourth of the participants 70 scored poor knowledge level, 30 scored average knowledge level in pre test. Whereas in post test majority of the participants 62 scored good knowledge level, 32 scored average knowledge level regarding Haemodialysis. Paired ‘t’ test is 20.66 superior to table value 2.02, df 99 at .05 significance level. This illustrates about considerable disparity amid post and pre test knowledge score among among caregivers of haemodialysis patients following information booklet. Conclusion Caregivers of haemodialysis patients have important role in reduction of complications. Awareness and education on haemodialysis can help to curb such complications and prepare them in advance in taking action against such issues and problems and maintain quality of life of haemodialysis patients. Deept Pandya | Khyati Joshi | Rajesh Pandya | Jayesh Pandya | Gaurav Pathak | Dharmesh Chaturvedi | Shatrughan Pareek "Enhancing Caregivers Awareness Regarding Haemodialysis: Efficacy of Learning Package" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99894.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/99894/enhancing-caregivers-awareness-regarding-haemodialysis-efficacy-of-learning-package/deept-pandya

Spinal anesthesia SA is generally regarded as a safe technique, but it can cause side effects such as hypotension and bradycardia. Hypotension mainly results from sympathetic nerve blockade and vasodilation. Although elderly patients face a higher risk of hypotension and its complications, spinal anesthesia is more commonly used in this population. The incidence of hypotension in elderly patients is estimated to exceed 70 . Preventing hypotension in these patients poses a challenge, as the measures taken may increase the risk of hypervolemia or myocardial ischemia. Both hypotension and bradycardia can be triggered by the Bezold Jarisch reflex BJR spinal anesthesia reduces preload, which activates the BJR, potentially via peripheral serotonin 5HT 3 receptors. These receptors are found on cardiac vagal afferents peripherally and in the central chemoreceptor trigger zone. Shivering frequently occurs during and after spinal anesthesia. Its exact cause is not well defined but likely involves several factors, such as altered thermoregulatory thresholds, decreased core body temperature, redistribution of body heat, and the cooling effect of fluids injected into the neuraxis. Although shivering causes significant discomfort, it also produces interference with monitoring equipment and elevates postoperative pain, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate. These effects can contribute to myocardial ischemia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and lactic acidosis. Asif Bashir | Azrat Yasin "A Comprehensive, Review of Complications Associated with Spinal Anesthesia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99899.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99899/a-comprehensive-review-of-complications-associated-with-spinal-anesthesia/asif-bashir

Construction activities generate a significant volume of waste, much of which possesses properties suitable for reuse in highway infrastructure. This study examines the physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of common construction waste materials, including concrete debris, reclaimed asphalt pavement RAP , bricks, and mixed demolition waste, to evaluate their viability as alternative highway construction materials. Key parameters such as particle size distribution, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and contaminant levels were analyzed to determine performance and compliance with roadway specifications. Findings indicate that processed concrete and RAP exhibit high structural integrity and can effectively substitute traditional aggregates in base and sub base layers, contributing to reduce demand for natural resources. Brick and mixed waste materials, while more variable in composition, demonstrate acceptable performance when properly graded and stabilized. The reuse of construction waste offers substantial environmental benefits by lowering landfill volumes, minimizing extraction of virgin aggregates, and reducing carbon emissions. However, challenges remain regarding heterogeneity, contamination, and quality control, which necessitate standardized processing and testing methods. Overall, the study highlights the potential of construction waste as a sustainable resource for highway material applications, promoting circular economy practices in infrastructure development. Arsalan Zahoor | Er. Ajay Vikram "Characteristics of Construction Waste for Highway Materials" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99900.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/99900/characteristics-of-construction-waste-for-highway-materials/arsalan-zahoor

Taking the customer perspective as the entry point, this study conducts an in depth analysis of the influencing factors on customers satisfaction with the services provided by online delivery riders with the rapid development of the Internet and mobile payment, online delivery services have become an integral part of residents daily lives, and their service quality is directly linked to customer satisfaction and the development progress of delivery platforms. The study collects a large volume of data regarding customers evaluations of online delivery riders services through questionnaire surveys and employs statistical analysis methods to process and analyze the data. The results indicate that key factors affecting customer satisfaction include delivery speed, service attitude, delivery accuracy, delivery safety, and after sales handling based on these findings, the study proposes targeted improvement suggestions, which provide references for online delivery platforms to enhance service quality and boost customer satisfaction, aiming to facilitate the healthy development of the industry. Aijing Huo | Xindi Li "Analysis of Influencing Factors on Service Satisfaction of Online Delivery Riders from the Customers Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99873.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/99873/analysis-of-influencing-factors-on-service-satisfaction-of-online-delivery-riders-from-the-customers-perspective/aijing-huo

Quantum computers provide depth and accuracy in simulating material behaviors never seen before. Quantum computing is poised to revolutionize material science by enabling simulations of atomic and molecular interactions that are too complex for even the most powerful classical supercomputers. This capability will drastically accelerate the discovery and design of novel materials with specific, desired properties. Quantum computers hold promise to enable efficient simulations of the properties of molecules and materials. When using quantum computers, one is able to simulate systems of interacting electrons exponentially faster than using classical computers. Quantum computing simplifies solving material science problems that were once impossible. It pushes the boundaries of what we can learn about materials at an atomic level. This paper explains how quantum computing is transforming materials science. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Computing in Material Science" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99896.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/99896/quantum-computing-in-material-science/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This paper takes the course Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis as a starting point to explore the path of training reform. It optimizes the curriculum system by integrating systems science knowledge points into the teaching of statistical methods and adding cutting edge practical content. It innovates teaching methods by adopting models such as dual case comparison , full cycle project driven learning , and online offline hybrid teaching. It also strengthens practical teaching by building a progressive scientific research path and a competition coordination mechanism. Huang Yuyi "Research on the Reform of Talent Training for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Systems Science" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99901.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99901/research-on-the-reform-of-talent-training-for-interdisciplinary-innovation-in-systems-science/huang-yuyi

Social media marketing and influencer collaborations have become pivotal in modern commerce. This paper explores effective strategies for leveraging these platforms, evaluates their impact on consumer behavior, and discusses emerging trends. The findings offer actionable insights for businesses seeking to enhance online brand presence and engagement. Miss. Pooja Khandelwal | Miss. Aishvarya Shirvastava | Miss. Devika Dewangan "Marketing Through Social Media and Influencers: A Comprehensive Research Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99885.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/99885/marketing-through-social-media-and-influencers-a-comprehensive-research-analysis/miss-pooja-khandelwal

The pervasive integration of immersive technologies, such as Augmented Reality AR and Virtual Reality VR , has profoundly reshaped the retail sector by redefining the modalities through which consumers interact with products and brands. This study examines the influence of AR and VR on customer engagement within both digital and brick and mortar environments. It interrogates the theoretical underpinnings, technological mechanisms, behavioral ramifications, and pragmatic industry implementations of these innovations. Furthermore, the research evaluates the advantages, impediments, and prospective trajectories of AR and VR, underscoring their strategic utility for retailers seeking to differentiate offerings, curate personalized consumer experiences, and cultivate enduring brand loyalty. Pooja Khandelwal | Aishvarya Shirvastava | Abhishek Vaishnav "Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Retail: Enhancing Customer Engagement: A Comprehensive Research Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99884.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/99884/augmented-reality-and-virtual-reality-in-retail-enhancing-customer-engagement-a-comprehensive-research-analysis/pooja-khandelwal

The advent of quantum computing poses significant risks to cybersecurity, as it has the potential to break current encryption methods and compromise sensitive information. Experts believe that quantum computers capable of breaking current codes could be more than a decade away, but the threat necessitates immediate action in cybersecurity planning. Quantum cybersecurity is an emerging field that focuses on the development of quantum resistant cryptographic protocols to protect against potential threats from quantum computers. It involves using quantum mechanics to improve security and the development of new, quantum resistant methods to protect against threats from future quantum computers. This paper examines the use of quantum computing in cybersecurity. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Cybersecurity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99905.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99905/quantum-cybersecurity/matthew-n-o-sadiku

In recent years, with the acceleration of the aging population in China, the demand for intelligent products among the elderly has gradually become an important variable driving economic growth. This study focuses on the current usage status and needs of intelligent products among the elderly, aiming to reveal the core demands and obstacles in the use of smart products through empirical analysis. It seeks to provide data support for optimizing age friendly product design and improving the smart elderly care service system, thereby contributing to the high quality development of the silver economy. First, this study utilized Python web crawling technology to conduct data mining on relevant literature and user reviews from e commerce platforms. Simultaneously, secondary data was obtained through literature surveys to lay the foundation for questionnaire design. The questionnaire content covered basic information about the elderly, the current usage status of smart products, product evaluations, and purchasing intentions. After adjusting the questionnaire content based on a pilot survey and determining the sample size, stratified sampling and multi stage PPS sampling methods were employed, ultimately collecting 723 valid questionnaires. In the data analysis, this study uses various methods such as descriptive statistics, disordered multi class classification regression, factor analysis, seM, and system clustering to analyze the price sensitivity, consumer decision making factors and market segmentation of the elderly. The study found that the elderly have a strong willingness to learn about intelligent products, but they need more training and support. Price is an important factor affecting the purchase decision of the elderly. There are significant differences in the use status and attitude of the elderly towards intelligent products. The acceptance and demand for intelligent products vary among the elderly of different age groups, income levels, and education levels. The study also used factor analysis and hierarchical clustering methods to divide the elderly population into four groups undeveloped consumer groups, loyal consumer groups, secondary consumer groups, and potential consumer groups, and characterized each group. The results showed that the undeveloped consumer groups had limited understanding and awareness of smart products, with passive consumption behaviors and attitudes the loyal consumer groups had higher demand for smart products, focusing on product quality and functionality the secondary consumer groups had conservative consumption concepts and were price sensitive the potential consumer groups were interested in smart products but had not yet made purchases, indicating certain consumption potential. Based on the research conclusion, this study proposes specific recommendations for the government, enterprises and consumers. The government should promote the popularization and training of intelligent products and provide financial subsidies or preferential policies. Enterprises should optimize the design of product operation processes, strengthen the integration of voice interaction functions, and adjust product pricing and promotion strategies reasonably. Consumers should actively participate in the feedback and suggestions of intelligent products and avoid blindly pursuing high end products. Through these measures, it is expected to significantly improve the elderlys experience and satisfaction with intelligent products, promote the wider application of intelligent products among the elderly population, and ultimately achieve a win win situation between the elderly population and intelligent product related enterprises. Manru Dong | Chanjuan Li | Xinyu Dong | Huanwen Li | Xinyuan Li "A New Trend for the Silver-Haired Generation Intelligent Warmth is Strong - The Current Usage Status of Intelligent Products by the Elderly" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99879.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99879/a-new-trend-for-the-silverhaired-generation-intelligent-warmth-is-strong--the-current-usage-status-of-intelligent-products-by-the-elderly/manru-dong

The organizational climate of a company plays a crucial role in shaping employee attitudes, behaviours and overall job motivation. This study examines the interplay between organizational climate and job motivation within E Star Foods Private Limited, aiming to understand how workplace environment factors influence employees’ enthusiasm, performance and commitment. The study explores key dimensions of organizational climate, including leadership style, communication flow, teamwork, recognition practices and work environment and evaluates their impact on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Findings indicate that a positive and supportive organizational climate significantly enhances job motivation, leading to higher productivity and employee satisfaction. Recommendations are provided to help E Star Foods Private Limited build a more conducive climate that promotes sustained employee engagement and organizational growth Research Design and Samples The research design adopted by the researcher is descriptive in nature. Convenience Sampling method was adopted and the sample size was 57 consisting of both male and female belonging to Coimbatore district. Tools of data collection Structured Interview Schedule was used by the researcher to obtain Socio demographic data. Organizational climate Questionnaire This scale was developed by A. Sukumar, 2009 . Job Motivation scale This scale was developed by Robert J. Wherry, Sr. and John C. 1977 . Ms. Abinaya P | Ms. Madhumita C "A Study on Understanding the Interplay between Organizational Climate and Job Motivation in the Company of E- Star Foods Private Limited, Othakkalmandapam, Coimbatore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/99904/a-study-on-understanding-the-interplay-between-organizational-climate-and-job-motivation-in-the-company-of-e-star-foods-private-limited-othakkalmandapam-coimbatore/ms-abinaya-p

The present qualitative study examines the intricate relationship between perfectionism, procrastination and anxiety among high achieving college students in the Coimbatore districts. Acknowledging that strong academic performance is often accompanied by significant psychological strain, the study seeks to understand how these students perceive and manage the interconnected pressures shaping their academic experiences. Through semi structured interviews with purposively selected high performers from multiple institutions, the research explores how personal expectations, fear of underperformance and achievement oriented demands influence behavioral delays and emotional tension. Thematic analysis indicates that many students absorb high parental and institutional expectations, fostering perfectionistic attitudes that frequently escalate into anxiety and avoidance patterns. Participants emphasized that procrastination was not a sign of disinterest, but rather a strategy to cope with pressure and fear of falling short. The findings highlight the subtle yet substantial psychological burdens carried by academically driven students and point to the importance of customized mental health support, academic guidance and nurturing educational environments. Overall this study deepens the understanding of students’ lived academic realities and provides valuable implications for educators, mental health professionals and policymakers aiming to cultivate healthier academic cultures within higher education institutions in Coimbatore. Ms. Madhumita C | Ms. Abinaya P "Perfectionism Procrastination and Anxiety among High Achieving College Students: A Correlational Study in Coimbatore Districts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99906.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/99906/perfectionism-procrastination-and-anxiety-among-high-achieving-college-students-a-correlational-study-in-coimbatore-districts/ms-madhumita-c

John Locke’s liberal philosophy remains one of the most influential foundations of modern political thought, particularly through his theory of the social contract and his conception of civil government. This research paper critically examines Locke’s liberal vision with special reference to his Two Treatises of Government, exploring how his ideas on natural rights, consent, and limited government shaped the emergence of constitutional democracies. Central to Locke’s thesis is the belief that individuals possess inherent and inalienable rights life, liberty, and property which precede the formation of political society. The study analyzes how Locke justifies the transition from the state of nature to a civil society through a voluntary social contract grounded in mutual consent and collective agreement. It further investigates Locke’s emphasis on the rule of law, separation of powers, and the principle of governmental accountability, arguing that legitimate political authority can only be sustained when it protects the natural rights of citizens. The paper also highlights Locke’s revolutionary idea that citizens retain the moral right to resist or overthrow governments that become tyrannical or violate the social contract. By situating Locke within the broader liberal tradition, this study demonstrates how his political philosophy laid the groundwork for modern democratic governance, constitutionalism, and human rights discourse. Ultimately, the research underscores Locke’s enduring relevance in contemporary debates on liberty, governance, and the ethical basis of political authority. Dilwar Malitya "The Liberal Vision of John Locke: A Study of the Social Contract and Civil Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99870.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/99870/the-liberal-vision-of-john-locke-a-study-of-the-social-contract-and-civil-government/dilwar-malitya

The skin, being the largest organ of the body, plays a vital role in protection, sensation and aesthetics, and its normal colour signifies internal balance and health. Any alteration in its normal colour or texture greatly affects appearance and self esteem. This case report examines the efficacy of Ayurvedic management of Shwitra, offering a holistic approach to enhanced quality of life. A 45 year old female patient with shwitra underwent 2 months of integrated sthanika and shamana chikitsa, including Shwitrahara Lepa, Bakuchi Ghanavati and Mahamanjishthadi Kashaya. Notable improvements were observed in Varna, Akara and Sankya of shwitra patches. These outcomes suggest sthanic and shamana chikitsa potential in enhancing Shwitra recovery. Dr. Rohitkumar Rajendra Nandwalkar | Dr. Deepali Kolnure "Ayurvedic Treatment Approach Towards Shwitra (Vitiligo) - A Single Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99932.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99932/ayurvedic-treatment-approach-towards-shwitra-vitiligo--a-single-case-study/dr-rohitkumar-rajendra-nandwalkar

Irritable Bowel Syndrome IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and bloating, without any identifiable structural pathology. The homoeopathic system of medicine offers an individualized, holistic approach to IBS management, focusing on mind–body connection, miasmatic background, and constitutional prescribing. This article reviews IBS from a clinical and homoeopathic standpoint, including miasmatic analysis, commonly indicated remedies, repertorial references, and Organon based understanding. Dr. Bhoomi H Joshi | Dr. M. L. Mishra "Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A Homoeopathic Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99935.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/99935/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs-a-homoeopathic-perspective/dr-bhoomi-h-joshi

In recent years, the educational landscape in India has undergone a paradigm shift toward multidisciplinary, inquiry based, and competency driven learning. The integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics, collectively referred to as STEAM Education, has gained prominence as a holistic approach to prepare learners for the challenges of the 21st century. Rooted in the vision of the National Education Policy NEP 2020, STEAM education aspires to cultivate creativity, problem solving, and innovation by blending analytical and artistic thinking. However, the success of STEAM education in Indian classrooms depends significantly on teachers’ readiness and pedagogical competence. This paper critically examines the role of teacher preparedness in implementing STEAM pedagogy, explores the challenges faced by Indian educators, and proposes actionable remedies to strengthen instructional capacity. The discussion emphasizes that teacher readiness involves not only the mastery of interdisciplinary content but also the ability to design experiential, student centered, and culturally relevant learning experiences. The paper concludes that empowering teachers through continuous professional development, curriculum redesign, and assessment reform is indispensable for embedding STEAM education meaningfully into Indian schools. Zonaira Minhaji | Dr. Smita Srivastava | Dr. Asha Pal "Teacher Readiness and Pedagogical Competence for Implementing STEAM Education in Indian Classroom" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99898.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99898/teacher-readiness-and-pedagogical-competence-for-implementing-steam-education-in-indian-classroom/zonaira-minhaji

Quantum chemistry applies quantum mechanics to understand and predict the behavior, structure, and properties of molecules, explaining chemical bonding, reactions, and spectroscopy. Understanding electronic structure and molecular dynamics through the development of computational solutions to the Schrödinger equation is a central goal of quantum chemistry. Quantum chemistry aims to accurately describe various chemical and physical properties of molecules and materials in a very systematic manner. We are entering an exciting new technological era where we can harness the power of individual quantum particles to create a new generation of technology. These quantum technologies will give rise to unparalleled computational capabilities and reshape our notions of security and privacy. The paper examines quantum chemistry and its applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Chemistry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99897.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/99897/quantum-chemistry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study explores employees’ perceptions of organizational culture and its influence on their attitudes and behaviours. Adopting a phenomenological research design, the study employed in depth, open ended interviews to capture employees lived experiences and interpretations of their organizational culture. The findings indicate that key cultural dimensions such as fairness, opportunities for personal growth, enthusiasm for work, and organizational reputation play a significant role in enhancing job satisfaction and shaping positive employee behaviours. In contrast, cultural traits characterized by aggressiveness negatively affect job satisfaction. The study further reveals that alignment between organizational cultural values and employees’ expectations fosters higher levels of satisfaction, while misalignment contributes to dissatisfaction. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of organizational culture in influencing employee well being and performance, underscoring the need for organizations to actively cultivate cultural attributes that promote fairness, growth, and engagement to sustain a satisfied and productive workforce. Ashesa Rahmaniya. S | Ms. Saranya. K | Dr. Nalla Bala Kalyan "Impact of 5S Implementation on Employee Productivity and Workplace Safety" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/99948/impact-of-5s-implementation-on-employee-productivity-and-workplace-safety/ashesa-rahmaniya-s

Higher education in West Bengal has undergone significant transformation from its colonial legacy to the present era of modernization and expansion. The state, which once stood as a premier centre of knowledge dissemination during the British rule, has continued to evolve through multiple phases of institutional growth, policy reforms, and academic restructuring after independence. This research paper examines the historical trajectory of higher education in West Bengal, emphasizing the major turning points that shaped its development over time. Using a qualitative historical analysis, the study explores how colonial institutions laid the foundation for higher learning, while post independence initiatives facilitated democratization of access, diversification of curricular structures, and expansion of universities and colleges across the state. The paper further investigates the role of national education policies, state level interventions, and the increasing participation of private institutions in widening educational opportunities. It also highlights persisting disparities in educational provision between rural and urban regions and identifies challenges related to quality assurance, governance, and research productivity. By drawing insights from historical documents, government reports, and scholarly literature, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transition from elite centric colonial education to a more inclusive and multi disciplinary higher education system. The research ultimately suggests that while West Bengal has made remarkable progress, sustained reforms and greater emphasis on innovation are crucial for enhancing global competitiveness. Samir Das "From Colonial Framework to Modern Expansion: A Historical Analysis of Higher Education in West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99891.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99891/from-colonial-framework-to-modern-expansion-a-historical-analysis-of-higher-education-in-west-bengal/samir-das

The Juang community, recognized as one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups PVTGs of India, represents a unique cultural and linguistic heritage within Odisha. Concentrated primarily in the hill and forest regions of Keonjhar district, the Juang people possess a distinct cultural identity shaped by their historical isolation, intimate relationship with nature, and long standing traditions. This study, titled “Juang Culture and Language A Study of Keonjhar District,” seeks to explore and document the dynamic interplay between cultural practices, social life, and linguistic patterns of the Juanga tribe in the contemporary context. While modernization and development programs have influenced several aspects of their lifestyle, the Juanga community continues to preserve many of its indigenous practices, making it an important subject of anthropological and sociolinguistic inquiry. This paper investigates the various dimensions of Juanga culture, including their festivals, rituals, oral traditions, traditional attire, crafts, and worldview. Emphasis is placed on understanding how cultural expressions serve as markers of identity and instruments of social cohesion. The study further examines the Juang language part of the Austroasiatic language family, focusing on its structure, vocabulary, oral narrative styles, and its role in sustaining cultural memory. Special attention is also given to patterns of language retention and shift among the younger generation, who are increasingly exposed to Odia and other dominant languages through schooling and media. Methodologically, the research employs a combination of qualitative tools such as field observations, semi structured interviews, and documentation of oral narratives, alongside a review of secondary literature. The findings highlight both the resilience and vulnerability of Juang cultural and linguistic traditions in Keonjhar district. While certain practices remain deeply rooted, others face decline due to socio economic pressures, developmental interventions, and reduced intergenerational transmission. This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive policies, community driven preservation initiatives, and further academic documentation to safeguard the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of the Juang people. Ultimately, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of tribal identity and cultural survival in an era of rapid socio cultural transformation. Dr. Suraj Kumar Ranasingh "Juang Culture & Language a Study of Keonjhar District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99902.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/99902/juang-culture-and-language-a-study-of-keonjhar-district/dr-suraj-kumar-ranasingh

As the name suggests, quantum computing involves the use of several quantum phenomena to perform computations. Quantum computing is an emerging technology that promises to solve complex problems currently intractable for classical computers, creating significant opportunities for businesses in various sectors. It is rapidly advancing, offering businesses new opportunities in AI, security, optimization, and drug discovery. It is already becoming a powerful force for business innovation and transformation. Although quantum computing technology is still an infant, practical and theoretical research is continuing to develop quantum computers for civilian, business, trade, environmental, and national security purposes. This paper explores what quantum computing is and how it can unlock transformative opportunities for business. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Computing in Business" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99918.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/99918/quantum-computing-in-business/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Augmented and Virtual are rapidly transforming education by creating immersive, interactive, and experiential learning environments. Ankur B Gajbhiye | Devashish Tamrakar | Vaishali Maheshkar "Emerging Technologies in Education: Skill Development Through an Augmented / and Virtual Reality Bootcamp under the Government of India’s FutureSkills Prime Initiative" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99866.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-graphics/99866/emerging-technologies-in-education-skill-development-through-an-augmented--and-virtual-reality-bootcamp-under-the-government-of-india’s-futureskills-prime-initiative/ankur-b-gajbhiye

Various industries are becoming increasingly aware of the potential of quantum technology and the prospects for the manufacturing industry are particularly promising. Quantum computing revolutionizes manufacturing by solving complex optimization beyond classical computers. It enables better routing, dynamic scheduling, energy optimization, and advanced material design by enhancing machine learning and providing deeper insights into complex systems. While quantum computing is still in its early stages, several industries, particularly in manufacturing, are already starting to see its benefits in real world applications. This paper looks at the potential impact of quantum computing on manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Quantum Computing in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99919.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/99919/quantum-computing-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Artificial intelligence AI is a developing technology that attempts to imitate human intellect using robots. AI is used in entertainment for personalization, content creation, and in various aspects of production, including scripting, storyboarding, and visual effects. AI is transforming entertainment by enhancing film, gaming, and music. AI is seamlessly weaving its magic across the vibrant landscape of the media and entertainment industry, notably revitalizing diverse domains such as music, film and TV, gaming, advertising, book publishing, and content creation. This paper explains the impact of AI on the media and entertainment industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Media and Entertainment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99868.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/99868/artificial-intelligence-in-media-and-entertainment/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Artificial intelligence AI refers to technology that emulates human tasks. AI has shown rapid progress in numerous disciplines, with sports being no exception. It is being adopted in all areas of sports to enhance the game and fan experiences. From enhancing performance analytics for athletics, preventing injuries, as well as allowing coaches to tailor plans in real time, AI is already seeing an impact on the way the games are played. AI is transforming sports science, empowering sports scientists with innovative tools to optimize training, enhance performance, and manage player health. It has become a game changer for sports teams, coaches, and players. In this paper, we explore how AI technologies are impacting sports. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Samuel A. Ajayi | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Sports" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99869.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/99869/artificial-intelligence-in-sports/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Herbal nanosponges are nanoscale porous carriers that enhance the solubility and therapeutic efficiency of plant derived bioactives. Among several formulation variables, the choice of crosslinker plays a decisive role in determining biodegradation, immune response, and overall safety. Although most studies focus on drug loading and release kinetics, relatively few have addressed their long term or immunological safety.This review summarizes and compares the toxicity profiles of widely used crosslinkers diphenyl carbonate DPC , carbonyldiimidazole CDI , citric acid, and glutaraldehyde drawing attention to data gaps and safety concerns. Finally, a structured toxicity testing framework is proposed to promote safer, biocompatible, and sustainable crosslinker choices for herbal nanosponge systems. Jeevan Kunde | Vaishnavi Gite | Vaishnavi Lokhande | Dipti Sonawane | Sakshi Sontakke "Comparative Toxicity and Long-Term Biocompatibility of Crosslinkers in Herbal Nanosponges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99949.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/99949/comparative-toxicity-and-longterm-biocompatibility-of-crosslinkers-in-herbal-nanosponges/jeevan-kunde

This study addresses critical pain points in pricing decision making for SMEs, including insufficient data value mining, delayed dynamic strategy response, and high technical application barriers. We innovatively propose a hybrid intelligent dynamic pricing model integrating econometric analysis frameworks with machine learning prediction capabilities. Leveraging multi dimensional enterprise datasets from the National Business Management Skills Competition, we systematically developed an integrated technical framework encompassing data preprocessing—feature engineering—model construction—system implementation . Specifically, by employing panel data fixed effects models to effectively identify causal effects in price fluctuations, combined with XGBoosts robust nonlinear fitting capabilities to handle complex variable relationships, we constructed a high precision hybrid prediction architecture. Experimental results demonstrate that the model maintains an average absolute error below 5 and achieves a goodness of fit index exceeding 0.92, demonstrating excellent predictive performance. To enhance model interpretability and practicality, we introduced SHAP value analysis for feature contribution evaluation and developed a lightweight decision support system based on the Streamlit framework, enabling core functions such as price elasticity simulation and dynamic strategy generation. Empirical analysis shows the model significantly improves pricing decision efficiency and scientific rigor for SMEs. During pilot applications in manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region, it successfully helped companies achieve an average 15 profit growth. This study not only provides a feasible and easy to use digital pricing solution for small and medium sized enterprises, but also explores a new path to transform the achievements of management discipline competition into real productivity. Manru Dong | Wangtianchen Zhu | Yuanlong Xu | Ping Ma | Haoyan Li | Zhangcheng Mu "Research on Intelligent Dynamic Pricing Model of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Based on Multi-dimensional Data" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99945.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99945/research-on-intelligent-dynamic-pricing-model-of-small-and-mediumsized-enterprises-based-on-multidimensional-data/manru-dong

Background of the study Good touch refers to physical contact that is appropriate welcomed, and harmless. Examples include hugs from loved ones, pats on the back, or handshakes. Good touch is essential for healthy development, as it fosters feelings of safety, security, and affection. On the other hand, bad touch encompasses any physical contact that is unwanted, uncomfortable, or harmful to the child. It can range from inappropriate tickling to more severe forms of abuse such as sexual assault or molestation. It violates a child’s boundaries, causes distress, and can have long lasting psychological and emotional efforts. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among children 6 8 years in a selected school of Rajpura, Dist. Patiala, Punjab1. To assess knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among children 6 8 years in a selected school of Rajpura, Dist. Patiala, Punjab.2. To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among children.Methodology A pre experimental study was conducted on 60 children of Patel public school Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab. Children of the age group 6 8 years was selected through non probability convenience sampling technique. Firstly, a pre test was taken using a self–structured knowledge questionnaire. The tool included the socio demographic profile and self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 12 multiple choice questions which included different aspects of the Good touch and Bad touch. After the pre test, video is shown to the children and post test was taken after the five days of the pre test. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential Statics.Results In pre test 73 children had poor knowledge 17 had Good knowledge and 10 had average knowledge. The mean calculated was 2.1.There was a significant increment in post test score 11.5 0.9 and pre test score 9.4 1.3.The findings showed that the structured teaching programme significantly improved the knowledge regarding Good touch and Bad touch. Conclusion The study concluded that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge of children regarding Good touch and Bad touch. Ms. Komalpreet Kaur | Ms. Masrat Shafi | Ms. Riya | Mr. Wasiq Hassan | Ms. Poonam Thakur | Dr. Davinder Kaur "A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Good Touch and Bad Touch among Children in a Selected School of Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99946.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/99946/a-pre-experimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-video-assisted-teaching-on-knowledge-regarding-good-touch-and-bad-touch-among-children-in-a-selected-school-of-rajpura-district-patiala-punjab/ms-komalpreet-kaur

Scheduled groups are one of the poorest sections of society in India UNO, India . A significant share of Malda’s population is scheduled population 28.81 who have lower socio economic condition. The Malda district is selected as study area. The study is based on both secondary and primary source of data. The UNDP dimension index is prepared to get spatial pattern of socio economic status of SCs and STs. An ‘in depth interview is conducted to know the causative factors for their backwardness in the district. The study reveals that only 20 percent and 6 percent of SC and ST households had pucca house compared to 23 percent overall population. For the overall population, 36 percent of houses have drinking water sources on the premises, but SCs and STs just 31 percent and 22 percent, respectively. The 62 percent of people are literate, compared to 61 percent and 47 percent for SCs and STs. There are 4 percent of households who earn more than 10,000 rupees a month, compared to 3.52 percent and 2.32 percent for SCs and STs. The socioeconomic status of SCs is reported low in Harishchandrapur II, Chanchal II while for STs it is low in Habibpur, Old Malda, Gazole, Bamangola, Harishchandrapur II, and Manikchak. The culture of despair, lack of rights awareness, and liquor consumption despite financial instability contribute to their backwardness. Poverty, social segregation, isolation, landlessness, lower income, lower job position, inefficiency in housing scheme implementation contribute to scheduled groups backwardness and deprivation in the district. Residential schools in SC ST dominated areas are essential for education. Increased scholarships, instruction in mother tongue and realistic curriculum can boost tribal student enrollment. The dropout rates must be reduced by addressing poverty and child marriage. Keeping MGNREGS transparent will ensure wage payments on time. Scheduled groups can also benefit from vocational training centers, womens self help organizations for vermicomposting. Azaz Ahamed "A Study on Socioeconomic Status of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Malda District of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99933.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/99933/a-study-on-socioeconomic-status-of-scheduled-castes-and-scheduled-tribes-in-malda-district-of-west-bengal/azaz-ahamed

Focusing on the impact of generative artificial intelligence AI technology on the copyright system, this study adopts an interdisciplinary research method integrating technical principle analysis and legal norm interpretation. Chen Mengyao | Gong Yule | Wang Jiale | Zainafu Zaier "Research on the Ownership of Copyright in Artificial Intelligence-Generated Works" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99941.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/99941/research-on-the-ownership-of-copyright-in-artificial-intelligencegenerated-works/chen-mengyao

Antigonon leptopus Hook. and Arn, commonly called chain of love, is a fast growing, leafy vine bearing pink or white, heart shaped flowers. It is one of the most invasive vine species on Guam. Although the vine is regarded as a weed in Guam, it is used in various folk medical techniques around the world, including treating wounds and relieving colds. The underutilization of Antignon leptopus as a resource in Guam has prompted the investigation of potential pharmacological characteristics. Numerous phytochemicals found in Antignon leptopus, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and amino acids, have been shown to have a variety of bioactive qualities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In numerous areas worldwide, the seeds, tubers, and flowers of the plant are employed as sustenance sources. Tea made from aerial parts is beneficial for pain alleviation and treating common ailments. The leaves are used to treat diabetes, low blood pressure, and urinary difficulties. They are also a heart tonic. It has anticancer and xanthine oxidase inhibiting effects. It originated in Mexico and is now found globally, including in India. This review aims to provide current information on the pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, and therapeutic uses of Antigonon Leptopus Hook and Arn. The herb is traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach aches, flu, diabetes, pain, coughing, and dermatological disorders. Several components of the plant are being investigated for their pharmacological characteristics. It is used in ethnomedicine and that the plant may be used to create pharmaceuticals to cure illnesses. Yelugala Siri Chandana | Vemula Sarika | Vudayana Vasantha | Varsha | Yasareni Vaishnavi | G Ramu | Gayatri Devi Yasa "A Comprehensive Review on the Bioactive Properties of Antigonon Leptopus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99903.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/natural-chemistry/99903/a-comprehensive-review-on-the-bioactive-properties-of-antigonon-leptopus/yelugala-siri-chandana

Machine learning ML is a branch of artificial intelligence focused on using data and algorithms to simulate human evaluation. It refers to the automated detection of meaningful patterns in a given data and focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy. Some companies make use of machine learning for various processes. ML can make a real difference in agricultural productivity and profitability by reducing waste while enhancing product quality. In agriculture, it allows for more accurate disease diagnosis and crop disease prediction. This paper introduces what machine learning can do in the agriculture sector. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Amarachi A. Nwoji | Janet O. Sadiku "Machine Learning in Agriculture: A Primer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99920.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99920/machine-learning-in-agriculture-a-primer/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are widely used in hazardous, remote, and large scale environments where manual deployment and maintenance are difficult. One of the most critical issues in WSNs is node localization, as the location information of sensor nodes is essential for efficient network operation and accurate interpretation of sensed data. Localization plays a key role in supporting various application level tasks, especially in monitoring applications such as environmental observation, industrial supervision, and disaster management. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of localization in wireless sensor networks. It discusses the major challenges associated with localization, examines different localization techniques, and reviews commonly used localization algorithms. The aim of this paper is to present a clear and structured understanding of existing localization approaches and highlight their importance in WSN based monitoring applications. Kawale Pramod S. | Bansode Rahul S. "Localization in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99950.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/99950/localization-in-wireless-sensor-network-a-review/kawale-pramod-s

The curriculum serves as the major master plan for defining the quality of education, graduate competency, and ultimately employability. However, Nigerian higher learning faces a crucial test due to the presence of outdated curricula that miss target the emerging demands of the 21st century global economy and national labor market. This essay argues that such misalignment with content that is theory intensive, industry relevance lacking, and deficient in practice and soft skills training is a major contributory factor to the high rate of graduate unemployment and underemployment in Nigeria. Against the backdrop of global trends in higher education aligning with competency based education, digital fluency, and innovation, this study examines the Nigerian endemic gaps. It explores African regional initiative as a model to be emulated for reform. The article emphasizes the need for a systemic overhaul of the curriculum to address the skills gap and enhance career readiness. Key recommendations support a multi stakeholder approach the National Universities Commission NUC must drive policy processes that promote flexibility and innovativeness universities must institutionalize periodic curriculum review regularly in conjunction with industry employers and teaching staff must be continuously capacity built to deliver revitalized, practice oriented content. Ultimately, this paper contends that restructuring the curriculum through strategic and collective efforts is not merely an educational imperative but a critical key to Nigerias transformation of higher education as a driving force for national development, economic growth, and global competitiveness. Egbosimba Chinazom Irene | Olusegun Adeola Olubunmi | Amanda Wayne Madzokere "Curriculum Reforms for Quality and Career Readiness: A Pathway to Transforming Nigerian Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/97510/curriculum-reforms-for-quality-and-career-readiness-a-pathway-to-transforming-nigerian-higher-education/egbosimba-chinazom-irene

Kasa is a commonly encountered respiratory disorder described in Ayurveda, characterized by repeated bouts of cough with or without expectoration. It is classified into five types based on Do a predominance Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, K ayaja and K ataj Kasa. Classical Ayurvedic texts emphasize the use of Rasau adhis for their quick action, small dose, and higher bioavailability. Praval Panchamrita Rasa, a herbo mineral formulation containing Praval Bhasma and other Pitta samaka components, is traditionally indicated in Kasa, Svasa, Raktapitta and K aya. The formulation exhibits Madhura Rasa, Sita Virya, Laghu–Ruk a Gu a and Pitta Kaphahara properties. This article reviews the Ayurvedic rationale, probable mode of action, and therapeutic utility of Praval Panchamrita Rasa in Kasaroga, highlighting its role in restoring Dosha’s balance, strengthening Pra avaha Srotas, and improving respiratory function. Dr. Rajashri Watharkar "Effect of Praval Panchamrita Rasa in Kasaroga" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99960.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99960/effect-of-praval-panchamrita-rasa-in-kasaroga/dr-rajashri-watharkar

Although single side emitting LED displays are widely used in many different applications, they are inherently limited in situations where content needs to be displayed on both sides simultaneously. This work demonstrates a double side emitting LED display with all in one packed electronics as pixels. Time division multiplexing TDM driving configurations can enhance the red light output of double side emitting LED displays while reducing temperature and increasing color gamut by reducing the temperature. Double side emitting LED displays achieved a temperature reduction of 6.2 K and increased brightness by 173.5 cd . Padmam Gopinath Kaimal "Review on Luminous Properties of Double-Side-Emitting LED Displays Employing All-in-One Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/99954/review-on-luminous-properties-of-doublesideemitting-led-displays-employing-allinone-devices/padmam-gopinath-kaimal

Energy constrained ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs commonly experience performance degradation due to idle listening, inefficient broadcast dissemination, false acknowledgment reception, and increased latency in multi hop communication. These limitations significantly reduce network lifetime and adversely affect quality of service, especially in dense and large scale deployments. To address these challenges, this paper presents a cognition inspired, state aware communication mechanism that combines an adaptive advertisement packet strategy with a modified Medium Access Control MAC scheduling framework. The proposed scheme introduces a dynamic pricing based parent–child association model that considers node energy status, traffic conditions, and link reliability. In addition, repeated advertisement–ACK handshakes are employed to improve synchronization and ensure robust link establishment along routing paths. An energy aware MAC scheduling approach is further integrated to adapt listening and transmission behavior according to traffic priority and node operational states, thereby reducing unnecessary idle listening and acknowledgment errors. MATLAB based simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism under various network conditions. The results demonstrate notable improvements in throughput, end to end latency, and node lifetime compared with conventional IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee operations and representative benchmark algorithms, including EEHC and DB EBH. By enhancing node awareness, strengthening multi hop synchronization, and improving the reliability of both unicast and broadcast communications, the proposed approach offers an efficient solution for next generation low power WSN applications. Nanushree | Dr. Tripti Arjariya | Jeetendra Singh Yadav "State-Aware Advertisement Mechanism for ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99964.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/99964/stateaware-advertisement-mechanism-for-zigbee-wireless-sensor-networks/nanushree

Study of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Technology has been presented in this research. This study includes solar cell configurations such as monofacial, bifacial or back contact solar cells. Solar cell efficiency that increased in early phase due to semiconductor processing, contact resistance 16 to 25 in second phase after eighties for wafer quality, minority carrier lifetime. The study also includes manufacturing cost which refers to silicon wafer thickness that represents 50 cost of a solar panel. Then, the production costs, module costs, system costs. The costs of the solar module are dependent on the number of cells within the module, which is multiplied by the costs of the cells. The wafer thickness has been reduced from 400µm to 200µm. Thereafter, the fabrication process diagrams for solar cells manufacturing has been presented. Industrial solar cell manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells whether it is with a toxic SiH4 and POCl3 based or Saline and POCl3 free fabrication process, they all share the common fabrication steps in the process diagram are wafer inspection, damage removal and texturing and screen printing Ag Al. Varies in the emitter formation step as POCl3 diffusion, Phosphoric acid diffusion, thermal oxidation or in situ oxidation. Rapid thermal processing RTP is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than a few seconds in order to affect its electrical properties. The light current voltage LIV measurements for solar cells have been presented as well. The performance reduction is attributed to reduced passivation, poor minority carrier lifetime and high reflection losses. M. N. Islam | M. S. Alam | M. A. S. Haque "Study of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99871.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/99871/study-of-crystalline-silicon-solar-cell-fabrication-technology/m-n-islam

It is estimated that 11 million deaths per year are attributed to suboptimal diets and dietary factors that contribute to several diseases, including hypertension, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease AD , and diabetes. Many clinical institutions have investigated the importance of proper nutrition for the prevention and intervention of these common diseases. As a result, fundamental principles and new concepts in nutrition and the complex relationship between dietary intake and disease prevention are beginning to emerge. In this article, we explain the preventive effects of AD through the intake of vitamins and polyphenols, as well as some unknown points. Dr. Kishida et al.’s findings suggested that the dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and vitamin C may reduce the risk of cognitive impairments in both men and women 1 . In order to obtain evidence regarding the potential mechanisms, they investigated whether the intake of antioxidant vitamins i.e., a carotene, ß carotene, and vitamin C from consuming fruits and vegetables was related to the risk of dementia 2 . Thus, it was concluded that fruit and vegetable intake and the dietary intake of vitamin C may reduce the risk of disabling dementia among males and females 1 . Takuma Hayashi | Ikuo Konishi "No Sex Differences Observed in Absorption of Vitamins and Polyphenols for Alzheimers Disease Prevention" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99967.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/99967/no-sex-differences-observed-in-absorption-of-vitamins-and-polyphenols-for-alzheimers-disease-prevention/takuma-hayashi

Sneha Kalpana is one of the most significant dosage forms in Ayurveda due to its ability to extract, preserve, and deliver both lipid and water soluble phytoconstituents 1 . Sneha Murchana Sa skara is a preliminary pharmaceutical procedure performed on raw Sneha Gh ta and Taila prior to medicated Sneha preparation as described in classical texts 2 . Analytical and pharmaco clinical studies reveal that Murchita Sneha exhibits improved physicochemical stability and reduced rancidity parameters compared to Amurchita Sneha 7,8 . Dr. Priyanka Patil "A Review on the Concept of Sneha Murchana in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99968.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99968/a-review-on-the-concept-of-sneha-murchana-in-ayurvedic-pharmaceutics/dr-priyanka-patil

Pump and dump schemes remain among the most prevalent forms of market manipulation coordinated traders deliberately inflate the price of a security and then sell at a profit, leaving ordinary investors to bear losses. Current surveillance systems struggle to detect these schemes in real time due to centralized data silos, opaque reporting, and latency. This research investigates blockchain technology as a decentralized, immutable ledger to curb pump and dump activities by increasing transparency, enabling instantaneous monitoring, and automating detection. The study presents a blockchain based surveillance framework that logs all trades, price shifts, and volume changes on chain. Smart contracts flag suspicious price volume dynamics with preset rules, triggering alerts to regulators. The proposed model seeks to strengthen market integrity, mitigate manipulation risks, and create a tamper proof, auditable environment for financial markets. This research demonstrates how blockchain can reshape market regulation and foster a more reliable environment for investors. Swati Shinde "Blockchain for Preventing Stock Market Manipulation: A Focus on Pump-and-Dump Detection through Blockchain Surveillance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99916.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/99916/blockchain-for-preventing-stock-market-manipulation-a-focus-on-pumpanddump-detection-through-blockchain-surveillance/swati-shinde

Diabetes mellitus is a nonhomogenous chronic metabolic disease that is heterogeneous in both the onset of the disease, development, response to treatment and susceptibility to complications. Traditional population based methods cannot take into consideration the individual variations, which lead to poor glycemic control and a higher risk of complications. The paper explores the use of precision medicine in type 2 diabetes T2D through the combination of genetic profiles, lifestyle factors, and clinical characteristics to develop individualized treatment methods. Electronic health records, genome wide genotyping, and epigenetic markers, as well as validated lifestyle assessments, were used to appraise a cohort of 200 adult T2D patients 35 75 years old 56 percent male . TCF7L2, SLC30A8 and FTO key variants were identified using genetic profiling, and polygenic risk scores showed that 24 of patients were of high inherited risk. INS promoter hypermethylation and miR 375 upregulation are epigenetic features that were found in 18 25 of the patients and influenced beta cell activity. The lifestyle data indicated that high carbohydrate diet, low physical activity, low sleep, and stress were among the lifestyle factors that greatly increased the risk of glycemia among people with genetic predispositions. Multimodal stratifies patients into five subtypes, insulin resistant 28 , beta cell dysfunction 22 , mixed type 20 , lifestyle sensitive 18 , and high risk complications 12 . Lifestyle sensitive patients showed the greatest longitudinal treatment outcome 1.5 0.9 , insulin resistant 1.2 0.8 , and mixed type subgroups 1.0 0.7 , and minor response in high risk complications 0.6 0.4 . The results highlight that risk stratification as well as personalized therapy and better outcomes are important due to the combination of genetic, molecular, and lifestyle data. The research justifies the translation of precision medicine into clinical practice that will allow specific interventions, optimal glycemic regulation, and decreasing diabetes related complications. Dr. Sushil Mehtaa "Precision Medicine in Diabetes: Investigating Personalized Treatment Approaches Based on Genetic Profiles, Lifestyle Factors, and Other Individual Characteristics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99966.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/surgery/99966/precision-medicine-in-diabetes-investigating-personalized-treatment-approaches-based-on-genetic-profiles-lifestyle-factors-and-other-individual-characteristics/dr-sushil-mehtaa

Instant disintegrating tablets IDTs have emerged as a promising oral drug delivery system to enhance patient compliance, particularly in pediatric, geriatric, and dysphagic populations. The present research focuses on the formulation and in vitro evaluation of instant disintegrating tablets of Sitagliptin phosphate, an oral hypoglycemic agent used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, employing Plantago ovata mucilage as a natural superdisintegrant. Tablets were prepared by the direct compression method and evaluated for pre compression and post compression parameters including flow properties, hardness, friability, wetting time, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, and dissolution behavior. The developed formulations exhibited rapid disintegration, satisfactory mechanical strength, and enhanced drug release profiles. The study demonstrates that Plantago ovata mucilage is an effective, economical, and biocompatible natural superdisintegrant for the development of instant disintegrating tablets of Sitagliptin phosphate, offering improved patient compliance and therapeutic performance. Arpit Yagyaseni | Mr. Hakim Singh Rajput "Innovative Formulation Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Instant Disintegrating Tablets of Sitagliptin Phosphate Using a Natural Superdisintegrant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99975.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/99975/innovative-formulation-development-and-invitro-evaluation-of-instant-disintegrating-tablets-of-sitagliptin-phosphate-using-a-natural-superdisintegrant/arpit-yagyaseni

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyper glycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Oral antidiabetic drugs remain the cornerstone of therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus however, conventional immediate release formulations often suffer from short biological half lives, frequent dosing requirements, fluctuating plasma drug concentrations, and reduced patient compliance. Repaglinide, a meglitinide class antidiabetic drug, exhibits rapid onset of action and a short elimination half life, necessitating multiple daily dosing prior to meals. These pharmacokinetic limitations make repaglinide a suitable candidate for controlled drug delivery systems.The present research focuses on the design, development, and evaluation of natural polymer based matrix tablets of repaglinide aimed at achieving sustained and controlled drug release, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and patient adherence. Matrix tablets were formulated using natural polymers such as guar gum, xanthan gum, and other biodegradable polysaccharides, selected for their biocompatibility, safety, and cost effectiveness. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation direct compression techniques and evaluated for pre compression and post compression parameters, including flow properties, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and in vitro dissolution behavior. In vitro drug release studies were conducted using USP dissolution apparatus, and release kinetics were analyzed using zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer Peppas models to elucidate the drug release mechanism. Stability studies were performed under accelerated conditions to assess formulation robustness. The optimized formulation demonstrated sustained drug release over an extended period with acceptable physicochemical properties, following diffusion controlled and anomalous transport mechanisms. This study concludes that natural polymer based matrix systems offer a promising approach for controlled oral delivery of repaglinide in diabetes management. Km Mansi | Mr. Hakim Singh Rajput "Design, Development and Evaluation of Natural Polymer-Based Matrix Systems for the Controlled Delivery of Repaglinide in Diabetes Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99976.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/99976/design-development-and-evaluation-of-natural-polymerbased-matrix-systems-for-the-controlled-delivery-of-repaglinide-in-diabetes-management/km-mansi

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems GRDDS have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of drugs exhibiting a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with low aqueous solubility and variable oral bioavailability, is an ideal candidate for gastro retentive formulation. The present research focuses on the pharmaceutical development and in vitro evaluation of effervescent gastro retentive floating tablets of Telmisartan prepared by direct compression technique. Floating tablets were formulated using hydrophilic polymers and gas generating agents to achieve prolonged gastric residence time and sustained drug release. Pre compression and post compression parameters were evaluated to ensure acceptable flow, compressibility, mechanical strength, buoyancy, and drug content uniformity. In vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies demonstrated rapid floating lag time, prolonged floating duration, and controlled drug release up to 12 hours. The study confirms that gastro retentive floating tablets of Telmisartan can be successfully developed to enhance gastric retention and potentially improve bioavailability. Sweta Shakya | Mr. Ashvani Kumar "Pharmaceutical Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablets of Telmisartan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99977.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/99977/pharmaceutical-development-and-invitro-evaluation-of-gastroretentive-floating-tablets-of-telmisartan/sweta-shakya

Gastric ulcers and Helicobacter pylori–associated infections remain significant clinical challenges, often requiring sustained gastric drug exposure for effective therapy. Clarithromycin, a key antibiotic used in H. pylori eradicate ion regimens, exhibits limitations such as short gastric residence time and variable bioavailability following conventional oral administration. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a gastroretentive floating microballoon system of clarithromycin to enhance gastric retention, controlled drug release, and therapeutic efficacy.Floating microballoons of clarithromycin were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique employing suitable polymers and excipients. The formulated microballoons were characterized for particle size, percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy SEM , in vitro buoyancy, and in vitro drug release behavior. Compatibility between the drug and excipients was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared microballoons exhibited spherical shape with hollow internal structure, good flow properties, and satisfactory entrapment efficiency. In vitro buoyancy studies demonstrated prolonged floating behavior, indicating effective gastric retention. Drug release studies revealed a sustained release profile over an extended period, suggesting controlled diffusion of clarithromycin from the polymeric matrix. The results indicate that clarithromycin loaded floating microballoons represent a promising gastroretentive drug delivery system capable of enhancing gastric residence time and improving bioavailability. This approach may offer an effective alternative to conventional oral dosage forms for targeted gastric drug delivery in the management of peptic ulcer disease and H. pylori infections. Atul Raj | Mr. Ashvani Kumar "Development and In-Vitro Assessment of Clarithromycin-Encapsulated Floating Microballoons for Targeted Gastric Drug Delivery" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99978.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/99978/development-and-invitro-assessment-of-clarithromycinencapsulated-floating-microballoons-for-targeted-gastric-drug-delivery/atul-raj

Introduction Food is known to affect our mood and how we feel which is probably why “The way to man’s heart is through his stomach” thus interconnects food and mood by stomach. Food is the source of both life and disease, healthy diet decides the gut and mental health.How we eat and what we eat can significantly influence our mental wellbeing, affecting mood, cognition and even the risk of developing mental health conditions. Our gut is home to trillion of bacteria that produce neurotransmitters like serotonin, which plays a crucial role in regulating mood and happiness, however, when the gut is out of balance, it can lead to issue like anxiety, depression and stress. Ayurveda emphasizes Healthy dietary habits such as madhura snigdha ahara causes sukha happiness and thus is essential for physical and mental health, while unhealthy diet such as viruddhahara, dushtahara, ashuchi ahara causes dukkha, shokha, nischesta and thus causes mental illness. Ayurveda classical text have clearly mentioned unhealthy diet is cause of both shaareerika and mansika vyadhi. Concept of triguna and trividha ahara siddhanta unravels the gut brain connection. The shift from traditional to western dietary pattern has become a leading cause of mental illness. Hence Maintaining gut health through Ayurvedic Diet is essential for maintaining proper mental health.Method Matter was collected from Brihatrayee Granthas, PubMed, Review articles, Evidence based articles published online, Authentic websites. Results The importance of Diet is studied in all contemporary medical system food influences the mind is comparatively new in modern medicine and the same is elaborated in Ayurveda eons before in the concept of healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern. Conclusion Thus, proper use of Dietary guidelines as said by ayurveda is the key to mental health and gut health and vice versa. Dr. Soumya Patil "Diet and Mental Health: Unraveling the Gut-Brain Connection through Ayurveda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99979.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99979/diet-and-mental-health-unraveling-the-gutbrain-connection-through-ayurveda/dr-soumya-patil

The Narmada River is one of India’s most sacred and ecologically significant rivers, providing water for domestic use, agriculture, fisheries, and religious activities. In recent decades, increasing urbanization, agricultural runoff, untreated sewage discharge, and large scale pilgrimage activities have adversely affected its water quality. The present study evaluates the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and overall water quality of the Narmada River at selected pilgrimage sites between Hoshangabad Narmadapuram and Omkareshwar, Madhya Pradesh. Water samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons and analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen DO , total dissolved solids TDS , chemical oxygen demand COD , hardness, chloride, and electrical conductivity using standard methods. A Water Quality Index WQI was computed to assess the suitability of water for human use.The results reveal significant spatial and seasonal variations in water quality. Sites such as Bandrabhan, Kharra Ghat, Kheda Ghat, and Abhay Ghat exhibited good water quality, whereas Sethani Ghat and Narmada Ghat showed poor water quality due to high organic pollution and anthropogenic pressure. Elevated COD, turbidity, and hardness values were observed particularly during the monsoon season. The study highlights the environmental and public health implications of deteriorating river water quality at pilgrimage centers and emphasizes the urgent need for improved wastewater treatment, effective solid waste management, and sustainable river management strategies. Dhannalal Yadav | S. K. Diwakar "Environmental Assessment of Narmada River Water Quality at Pilgrim Sites: Seasonal Variations and Pollution Impact" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99983.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99983/environmental-assessment-of-narmada-river-water-quality-at-pilgrim-sites-seasonal-variations-and-pollution-impact/dhannalal-yadav

Recent growth in electric vehicle EV deployment has intensified the need for sustainable and renewable energy based charging systems to reduce emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This paper presents the design and control of a transformerless MPPT based bidirectional buck–boost converter for a solar photovoltaic PV battery powered electric vehicle. The proposed system enables efficient power transfer between the PV array, battery energy storage, and EV drive through bidirectional operation, allowing both battery charging and discharging. Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT using the Perturb and Observe PandO algorithm is implemented to extract maximum power from the PV array under varying irradiance conditions. A closed loop PI controller is employed to regulate the DC bus voltage at 90 V, ensuring stable EV operation. The proposed transformerless buck–boost topology reduces component count, conduction losses, and overall system cost while maintaining high conversion efficiency. The complete system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink under irradiance variations of 1000–500–1000 W m² at 25°C. Simulation results demonstrate effective MPPT operation, stable DC bus voltage regulation, smooth battery charging and discharging, and reliable PMDC motor performance, validating the suitability of the proposed architecture for solar assisted electric vehicle applications. Vikesh Kumar Singh | Rajiv Thakur "Design and Control of a Transformerless MPPT-Based Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for Solar-Assisted Electric Vehicle Battery Charging" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99984.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/99984/design-and-control-of-a-transformerless-mpptbased-bidirectional-buck–boost-converter-for-solarassisted-electric-vehicle-battery-charging/vikesh-kumar-singh

Background Polyherbal formulations are gaining clinical relevance as adjunctive therapies in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM , offering multi targeted mechanisms with favorable safety profiles. Diafree Juice is an Ayurvedic proprietary blend of herbs known to modulate insulin sensitivity, secretion, and glucose metabolism. Despite supportive preclinical and ingredient level data, real world clinical evidence on the integrated formulation remains limited. Aim To evaluate the glycemic efficacy of Diafree Juice in patients with T2DM over an 80 day observation period, focusing on changes in glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c and postprandial blood glucose PPBG levels. Methodology This was an open label, single arm, observational study conducted across multiple outpatient settings in India. Adults with T2DM meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled and administered Diafree Juice 30 mL twice daily before meals for 80 days. HbA1c and PPBG were recorded at baseline and at Day 80 to observe changes over the study period. Statistical analyses included paired t tests and chi squared tests for changes in the distribution of patients across HbA1c and PPBG categories. Results Among 120 participants who completed the study, mean HbA1c reduced significantly from 6.3 ± 0.24 to 5.99 ± 0.47 p 0.0001 , with a mean percentage improvement of 5.75 . PPBG decreased from 192.36 ± 60.36 mg dL to 147.87 ± 19.13 mg dL p 0.0001 , reflecting a 30.34 mean reduction. A significant shift toward a normoglycemic profile was observed in both HbA1c and PPBG measurements. Conclusion Diafree Juice demonstrated statistically significant improvements in glycemic parameters over a period of 80 days, supporting its role as an effective adjunct to their standard of care in T2DM management. Anushri Shah | Sasibhushan Vedula | Govindarajan Raghavan "Clinical Effectiveness of Diafree Juice in Improving HbA1c and Postprandial Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from Real-World Use" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99959.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99959/clinical-effectiveness-of-diafree-juice-in-improving-hba1c-and-postprandial-glucose-in-type-2-diabetes-evidence-from-realworld-use/anushri-shah

The combination of Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM has become a key technology in modern wireless communication systems due to its ability to improve data rate, coverage, and energy efficiency. Conventional modulation schemes such as QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM are widely used however, they offer limited spectral efficiency, especially under the high Signal to Noise Ratio SNR conditions commonly found in 5G networks. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates higher order modulation schemes, including 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM. The performance of these schemes is evaluated using metrics such as Bit Error Rate BER , throughput, and spectral efficiency through MATLAB based simulations. The results show that higher order modulation techniques significantly improve throughput and spectral efficiency at high SNR levels, making them suitable for high data rate 5G MIMO OFDM systems. In contrast, lower order modulation schemes like QPSK demonstrate better robustness in noisy environments, where reliability is more important than data rate. These findings indicate that different modulation schemes are suitable for different network conditions. Future work should focus on hybrid modulation strategies that adaptively combine low and high order schemes to achieve optimal performance across diverse 5G scenarios. Bugade Prajakta S. | Nighojkar Pooja K. "Review of Capacity Enhancement of 5G Wireless System Using MIMO-OFDM Technique in MATLAB" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99974.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/99974/review-of-capacity-enhancement-of-5g-wireless-system-using-mimoofdm-technique-in-matlab/bugade-prajakta-s

Scientific literacy which helps individuals incorporate relevant scientific concepts and processes in personal decision making is increasingly emphasized in educational curricula as a means of preparing citizenry around the world for the role they must play in sustainable development of their countries. In order to cover the diverse concepts explored in this work, systematic narrative review methodology was adopted. Relevant literature was sourced from Web of Science and ERIC database, and screened following the PRISMA method. The final corpus was 51 manuscripts published between January 2012 Dec 2022. The review proposed was tabulated and categorized into three thematic concepts science literacy information, gender knowledge domain, and curriculum issues in Africa. We recommend review of curricula emphasizing science society nexus, development of relevant educational policies and encouragement of citizen collaborative participation with the goal to enhance the quality of life in Africa through research, technology and innovation. Tetteh Terrence Thomas | Baiden Maame Efua Bentsiwah | Ayivor Bernard | Michael Akwesi Afram "A Systematic Literature of Gender, and Science Technology Curriculum for Developing Countries Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99973.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/99973/a-systematic-literature-of-gender-and-science-technology-curriculum-for-developing-countries-higher-education/tetteh-terrence-thomas

Ayurveda places utmost importance on child health and well being which is evident in garbhini parichaya and shishu paricharya. As pregnancy, lactation and childhood are critical periods for growth, biological development and the establishment of eating behaviours, in addition to being a window of opportunity for health promotion and disease prevention. But in recent years, paediatric dietary patterns have shifted dramatically towards ultra processed foods UPFs high in sugars, additives, and unhealthy fats. Ayurveda categorizes subtle, non lethal toxins that accumulate in the body causing chronic, hard to cure diseases under favourable conditions over time as Dushi Visha. The body of the paediatric patient is not simply a smaller version of adult counterpart child physiology and anatomy significantly differ from that of an adult. A basic understanding of these physiologic and anatomic differences is necessary to understand the effects of UPF as dushi visha in children. This paper explores the anatomical and physiological perspective of effect of UPF w.s.r. to dushi visha in paediatrics. Aims and objectives To explore the anatomical and physiological perspective of effect of UPF in paediatrics w.s.r to dushi visha Materials and methods For the present review work, different editions of Ayurveda classical books, along with Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries, revised Ayurveda books, Pediatric Anatomy and physiology books, journals, articles, web materials. Conclusion The child physiology and anatomy significantly differ from that of an adult which makes children more vulnerable to toxins. The approach to dushi visha Chikitsa, garbhini and shishu paricharya dinacharya, ritucharya can prove helpful in preventing it. Dr. Roheen Mujawar "Anatomical & Physiological Perspective of Effects of Dushi Visha in Pediatrics w.s.r. to Ultra-Processed Food (UPF)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99988.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/99988/anatomical-and-physiological-perspective-of-effects-of-dushi-visha-in-pediatrics-wsr-to-ultraprocessed-food-upf/dr-roheen-mujawar

Background of the study Breastfeeding is the most natural and complete source of nutrition for infants, providing essential nutrients, and health benefits for both mother and child. It not only fulfills the infant’s nutritional requirements but also plays a crucial role in enhancing immunity, promoting healthy growth, and fostering maternal–infant bonding. The World Health Organization recommends early initiation within one hour of birth, colostrum feeding, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding for two years or longer. Despite its benefits, optimal and appropriate duration are critical indicators of optimal infant feeding practices. Despite its benefits, optimal breastfeeding practices are influenced by socio demographic, cultural, and healthcare related factors, particularly in rural communities. Aim of the Study To assess breastfeeding practices among mothers and to find the association between these practices and selected demographic factors Methodology A descriptive study was carried out among 70 breastfeeding mothers in Thuha village, Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab, Participants were selected using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Findings of the study revealed that 65.7 initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth and 71.4 practiced exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Most 90 believed that breast milk was sufficient for the first six months, and 80 showed good practices. The mean practice score was 14.24 ± 1.82. Only 10 had attended health education sessions, and 31.4 faced breastfeeding related problems such as latching problems, nipple soreness, or insufficient milk perception. Significant associations were found between practices and maternal age, education, family type, and place of delivery p 0.05 .Conclusion Most rural mothers practiced breastfeeding, yet many lacked full knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and correct techniques. Recommendation Integrating targeted breastfeeding education into antenatal and postnatal care, strengthening community based awareness campaigns, and empowering healthcare workers to provide hands on guidance could improve exclusive breastfeeding rates and support mothers in overcoming breastfeeding challenges. Manu Sharma | Navdeep Kaur | Rajwinder Kaur | Seema Limbu | Vikas Jhakar | Ms. Poonam Thakur | Dr. Davinder Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess Breastfeeding Practices among Breastfeeding Mothers of Selected Rural Area of Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99990.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/99990/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-breastfeeding-practices-among-breastfeeding-mothers-of-selected-rural-area-of-rajpura-district-patiala-punjab/manu-sharma

Time travel is an exciting topic that has moved from science fiction into serious physics research. This paper explores the two main ways time travel is possible travelling to the future using the effects of speed and gravity time dilation , and the more challenging concept of travelling to the past using shortcuts in space time, like wormholes. We examine the famous paradoxes that arise from moving backwards in time and discuss why physicists believe a time machine is impossible to build. Our review confirms that while math allows for time loops, the laws of physics, especially the need for exotic matter and the Chronology Protection Conjecture, seem to prevent these loops from actually forming. Rida Riyaz | Rashi Halakatti | Dr. Srilatha. Y "Is Time Travel Possible?: Theory, Constraints, and Paradoxes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99993.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/99993/is-time-travel-possible-theory-constraints-and-paradoxes/rida-riyaz

Smartphones are becoming widely popular and the number of user is significantly increasing the children begin to use a smartphone at earlier stage. Earlier and higher exposure of multimedia is known to have negative effects on children’s physical and mental status. Preschooler children are increasingly expose to smartphone often use for entertainment, education are as a mean of communication. Excessive or problematic smartphone use can lead to various issues, including visual impairment, sleep problems, difficulties with social interactions and potential delays in cognitive and emotional development.Materials and Methods The research approach adopted for the study was quantative research approach. The research design adopted for the study was cross sectional descriptive research design. Convenient sampling technique was used. The data was collected through the tool which is prepared by the investigator. The sample consists of the 100 parents of preschooler children. Collected data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation.Result Findings of the study revealed that out of 100 of preschooler children 79 have the extreme behavioral changes and 21 have significant behavioral changes.Conclusion Study concluded that parents of children in the district Fazilka was well aware of the negative effects caused on children use of smartphones. Ms. Gurpreet Brar | Mr. Rizwan Khan "A Study to Assess the Smartphone Related Behavioral Changes among Preschooler as Reported by their Parents in Selected Community of District Fazilka, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99994.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/99994/a-study-to-assess-the-smartphone-related-behavioral-changes-among-preschooler-as-reported-by-their-parents-in-selected-community-of-district-fazilka-punjab/ms-gurpreet-brar