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In this work, we suggest the use of polymers as additives to coherent soils in order to know their influence on the latters, an experimental study in the laboratory was carried out on a clayey soil reinforced by layers in polymers. Our findings clearly showed that the adding of a small percentage of polymer increases sensibly the inflated character of the latter. This conclusion is completely justified by the experimental planning of the essays realized by the laboratory.

This study monitors the heterogeneous effect on the migration of shigellae influenced by carbon in coastal environment. The study expresses the rate of exponential process of shigellae concentration through the influential that parameter was thorough monitored in the system. The study observed that carbon was not able to inhibit the migration of shigellae. Instead, it increased the population of shigellae in the study area. Results show an increase in the concentration of shigella from 6.93E-05 to 6.95E-04, at depths varying from 3m -30m, and an increase of 2.64E-05 to 2.64E-04 at depths 3m to 36m.The level of exponential rate despite the variation of concentration express the behaviour of the contaminant in terms of transport to phreatic depositions. This implies that such micronutrient in some deposited litho structures cannot influence the degradation of shigellae concentration in deltaic formations. These were observed from the derived simulation values as the parameter experienced variation, but in linear phase to the optimum rate. These results were subjected to validation with experimental results, and both parameters expressed favourable fits. The structure of fine sand in heterogeneous condition including formation characteristics were found in the study to play serious role on the rate of concentration. The study is imperative because it has expressed their rate of variation and showed insignificant inhibition from carbon.

The research presented in this article is centred on monitoring and simulating flow rate in an unconfined formation. One dimensional Laplace equation of steady flow was used to develop flow rate model. The flow rate of Ede and Obagi Communities was also evaluated. The quadratic shape function of finite element approach was used to estimate flow rate at each nodes. An acceptable migration order of flow rate was observed as the considered flow rate initially moved from initial distance of zero to2.6km indicating fitness and usefulness of the quadratic shape function approximation concept in monitoring and simulating flow rate within the water bearing aquifer zone of the study area.

Background and aims: In the context of investigating chronic diseases, at the present study there was an effort to investigate the impact of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn`s Disease in Cypriot patients. Methods: For evaluating the impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) the validated translation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was used. The questionnaire was answered by 204 Cypriot patients suffering with IBD. Out of those, 102 (50%) suffered with Ulcerative Colitis and 102 (50%) Crohn?s Disease. Results: Out of the statistical analysis of the total of patient’s it was indicated that the disease has bigger impact in the group of women of the population that took place in the study than in men with p value =0.000 and a mean of 148.30 against 171.87 respectively. It was indicated that there is a bigger impact in relation to the duration of the disease p value =0.000 with the score reducing as the duration of the disease is increasing and also was indicated that patients that did not underwent surgery had better scores that the ones operated with p value =0.001 and a mean of 165.58 against 143.27. There is also an important statistical difference in relation to age but with a weak correlation. Conclusion: The present study on the total of patients reveals that IBD have negative impacts in Cypriots patients’ firstly high risk in women secondly in patients with an increase duration of the disease and thirdly high risk in operated patients.

Medicinal plants have shown to posses some biological constituents that have significant effect in man. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbal mixture (Goko Cleanser) on the kidney of adult female Wistar rats. A total of twenty five animals weighing 160g - 280g were used. The rats were randomly selected into five groups of five (5) each. The groups were designed as group 1-5. Group 1 served as control group, group 2 took 1000mg/kg of the herbal mixture, group 3 took 1500mg/kg of the herbal mixture, group 4 took 2000mg/kg and group 5 took 4000mg/kg. The result show that Goko Cleanser herbal mixture possesses tannin, saponin and flavonoids as its phytochemical constituents. The creatinine level had a significant (P<0.05) increase in test groups 2 - 4 when compared to the control group; while in group 5, there was no significant increase (P>0.05) increase compared to the control group. The urea level had no significant increase (P>0.05) in the test group when compared to the control group. The food intake was measured daily. Result from food intake in week 1 showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) increase in the test groups when compared to the control group. In week 2, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in group 4 and 5, while there was no significant (P>0.05) increase in group 2; and no significant (P>0.05) decrease in group 3 compared to the control group. In week 3, there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in food intake in the treated groups when compared to the control group; and there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight in groups 2, 4 and 5 while group 3 had no significant (P>0.05) decrease. Hence, the results from this study show that Goko Cleanser herbal mixture possesses dose-dependent toxic effect on the kidney.

This study was conducted to detect preventive effects of rose water against toxicological effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Group I was control group, group II was chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPE) group (0.3 mg/kg/day), group III was water solution of rose extract (WR) group (100 mg/kg/day) while group IV was water solution of rose extract + chlorpyrifos-ethyl group (WR+CPE). The rats were sacrificed after fifteen days of experiment to collect blood samples. The results showed that comparing to the CPE group, there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) levels and a significant (p<0.001) increase in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and insulin levels in the CPE+GS group. Between the control and WR groups, insulin, WBC, catalase (CAT), lipase and amylase levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher, while TOC and OSI levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower in the WR group. The highest OSI levels were determined in the CPE group followed by CPE+RW (1.02 µmol H2O2 equ./L), control (0.93 µmol H2O2 equ./L) and RW (0.87 µmol H2O2 equ./L) groups. In conclusion, it can be said that WR showed positive effects on the enzymes of pancreas and hematological parameters in rats, and it reduced in toxic effects of CPE.