Dark matter is an exotic form of matter that can only be detected by its gravitational pull on other objects-other than this, and it is invisible. Most scientists believe that dark matter is made up of tiny, hard-to-detect particles called weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Astronomers find that dark matter is six times more abundant than normal matter in the Universe. New studies are suggesting that dark matter and Artificial Intelligence has actually affected the evolution of life on Earth and can be a source of new Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).

The case studies of processing of low grade iron ore fines from iron ore mines, processing of iron ore beneficiation plant tails have been discussed where in the pellet grade concentrate and cement grade iron concentrate were produced at 75 wt% of ROM and 50 wt% yield of plant tailings equivalent to 12.5 wt% yield of ROM . This indicated that the low grade mine dumps and plant tailing quantum can be reduced to 25 and 50% area respectively reducing waste management cost, besides generating value earning concentrates and hence is being industrially implemented. Proper characterization of wastes in secondary steel unit and processing has led to increasing the reuse by 50% from base level. Tunnel kiln brick making using clayey wastes from iron ore mines - silts from tank beds, reprocessed plant tails and solid wastes from DR plants has led to nil waste sustainable process where all the wastes from mine, mineral processing plant tails and solid wastes from DR Iron plants from Ballari area, Karnataka, India, are used.

Land use zoning at the micro level is designating permitted uses of certain parcels of land by local communities through the legal permission of local government. The local government has to designate various zones for different uses of land, such as agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial, public use etc. the paper stressed on practice of using of land based on scientific land use zoning which has rigorously analyzed by using the multi criteria decision analysis and separate one set of land uses from another. The paper further emphasizes on the a detail study of land use pattern, land system, land type, land capability, geology and natural hazards in order to formulate a classification scheme for land use zoning. The main task of land use zoning has to prepare a scientific and comprehensive land resource inventory at at micro level and assess and delineate land use based on land types, associated soils and land capability classes with a view to formulate a sound and sustainable land use planning.

Genomic DNA has become a very important source for multiple purposes in research projects. Therefore, the analysis of the quality of the extraction of DNA using different specimen collection methods; are part of every materials and method section in current papers. The objective of this study was to evaluate which protocol extracts the highest amount with better quality of DNA from human buccal swabs. There are two different ways to harvest DNA from buccal swabs: single or multi-step procedure. Our study compared the quality of the DNA extracted using these two different methods of DNA extraction; though the determination spectroscopic measurements at 280, 260, and 230 nm wavelengths and the suitability for application in genotyping assays.

Soil is one of the reservoirs of the diverse group of microorganisms including bacteria, archeae, fungi etc on the earth. Unculturable bacteria are of prime focus in scientific community because of their vital role in production of many important enzymes and degradation capabilities. Mostly, researcher through out the world using NGS technologies to decode their genome which is costly when multiple isolates to be tested at initial level. In order to answer this question, we have tried gold standard Sanger sequencing techniques to sequence metagenomic DNA extracted from soil. We used 16s rDNA approach and found microbes in the samples which are involved in processes such as Nitrogen fixation, oil-bioremadiation, reduction of sulphate compounds, decomposition of aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons, removal of toxic metals etc., to maintain and increase sustainability of environment. This is one of very few studies that have focused on metagenome diversity using sanger technology. This proves use of first generation technology as initial screening of metagenomic samples with desired microbes before going for comparatively expensive NGS sequencing.