The main objective of this study is to assess the dynamics of land use/cover changes of Jewaha catchment. The growing demand for food because of population growth has created greater pressure on land resources, as in the case of agriculture and housing. These anthropogenic activities lead to an expansion of agricultural land and urbanization due to deforestation. Deforestation, intense agricultural activities, industry and urban area expansion in a watershed can influence different processes. The satellite data were classified using ERDAS Imagine 2015 software to develop land use/cover maps for 1990, 2000 and 2018 of the Jewaha catchment. The result of image classification showed that the catchment land use/cover change has shown an increase in urban, agriculture and closed shrubs land by 3.98%, 7.4%, and 0.74% respectively, and decrement in the other land uses like forest and open shrubs land by 8.3% and 6.9% respectively. Keywords: - ERDAS Imagine, Land use/cover change, Satellite image

Field and Landsat data were integrated to precisely map the structural orientations of gully erosion sites within Orlu-Okigwe axis Southeastern Nigeria with the aim of assessing the structural aspects of both the causes and effects of gully erosion and their associated hazards within the study area. Sixteen (16) gully erosion sites were mapped and studied. All the gully erosion sites in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the study area are more developed than those in other parts of the area. These areas are dominated by Ameki and Nsukka Formations which porous, permeable, fissile and friable properties of their sand/sandstone units aid being easily dispersed. The average gully geometries-length, width and depth of the studied gullies range from 138.4 to 1997m, 9.7 to 42m and 12.4 to 62m respectively. Their approximate cross sectional area ranges from 63.05 to 1197m2 with the average soil volume loss ranging from 0.13 x105 to 8.47x105m3 and drainage slope range of -0.02 to 0.03. The gully erosion at Ezumezu Urualla in Ideato North Local Government area was observed to have the highest volume of soil loss (8.47x105 m3). This could be as a result of the intense scouring effect of surface run off occasioned by the enhanced topography of the gully axis with the highest drainage slope of 0.03. The end of the Ezumezu Urualla gully site terminated at a straight course path of the flowing Orashi River which is at its youthful stage with pronounced vibrancy thereby acting as a quick sediment receptacle. This condition permits quick transportation of washed out soils to the river which moves same downstream instantly. All the gully erosion sites in the study area trend in the NE-SW direction which coincides with the trend of one of the trans-oceanic mega lineaments (Chain and Charcott fracture zone) which extended into the Nigerian section of the African craton. This is indicative of the fact that the erosion menace in the area is structural as evidenced by high concentration of lineaments within the vicinity of these gullies. The major rivers in the area exhibit dendritic patterns depicting structurally controlled river system and flow in the NW-SE direction (with their tributaries flowing majorly in the NE/SW direction) which are perpendicular to the trend of the gullies. This shows that the direction of flow of major rivers in the area follows axis of recent structural failures whereas the gullies trend along the axis of ancient structural failures. The lineament density in the study area varies from 20-50km per 100km2 in the area. Out of the 368 lineaments digitized from edge enhanced Landsat7 ETM+ data about 48 lineaments plot along the NE-SW direction which represents about 13% of the entire data. Subordinate trends include N-S, NNE-SSW, NNW-SSE and NW-SE directions. Thus there is a direct relationship between the trend of the observed major lineaments as structural features and the trend of the gullies in the area. The likely cause of the gullies in the study area is not just only the well known surface phenomenon of washing away of loose top soils by moving water but also due to both near surface and deep seated structural weaknesses along the axis of these gullies. Keywords: Erosion, Gully, Gully Geometry, Landsat, Lineament, Lineament Density, Orashi River

The study examined the influence of climate change and rural-urban migration on agricultural productivity in Southern Kebbi State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to make deductions. The results indicated that 61.7% of the respondents are youths whose major occupation is farming. The major factors that caused rural-urban migration in Southern Kebbi are harsh climatic conditions (9.150), quest for marriage (3.186), pursuit of education (4.353) and search for employment (-2.492) etc. Changing climatic effects and migration decreases agricultural productivity by 49.8%. It is recommended that basic infrastructural facilities and establishment of medium and small-scale agro-allied industries will reduce the outward movement of able-bodied youth and its consequent impacts on agricultural productivity in Southern Kebbi State Nigeria. Keywords: Climate Change, Migration, Agricultural Productivity, Temperature, Soils