Resistance to antimicrobials in Gram-positive bacteria such as coagulase negative Staphylococcus is an emerging global threat. The purpose of this research was to identify the genes for resistance to oxacillin (mecA), erythromycin (erm and msrA), and gentamicin aac(6´)/aph(2´´), in Staphylococcus coagulase negative strains isolated from blood cultures from patients attended at the University Hospital in Maracaibo. Phenotypic detection was performed using automated methods. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes. Be studied 34 strains whose distribution by species was: S. haemolyticus (38.23%), S. epidermidis (29.42%), S. hominis (26.47%), S. xylosus and S. capitis (5.88% each one). All strains were resistant to oxacillin. Gentamicin resistance varied between 38.46% and 100%; while the erythromycin resistance ranged between 77.78% and 100%. The analyses showed the presence of genes mecA (100%), ermA (35.2%), ermC (41.17%), msrA (17.64%), and aac(6´)/aph (2´´) (61,76%). In conclusion, is found a high frequency of genes for resistance to these antibiotics and the intensive care unit was the health service where the highest percentage of isolated strains carriers of these genes

Syphilis is an infectious disease with systemic involvement, chronic or acute evolution, whose causal agent is Treponema pallidum. Its main mechanism of transmission is unprotected sexual contact, followed by risk of transmission by blood transfusion. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence associated with syphilis in blood bank donors at the Universitario Hospital of Maracaibo during the period 2012-12014. Methodology: A non-experimental descriptive study, crosssectional surveys that included confidential serological tests based on the principle of ELISA to detect anti-T. pallidum antibodies was performed. A total of 45,356 units of blood were processed. 84.7% (38,414) of donors were men and 15.3% (6,942) women with an average age of 31.1 years. During this period it was observed that the specific overall seroprevalence of anti- T. pallidum in these donors was 2.95% which is equivalent to 1,336 cases of positive serology, represented by individuals 29-39 aged 35,1% (470). The male shows increased frequency of positive donors with 87.7% (1,172). All this indicates the need for a long-term longitudinal follow and implement epidemiological surveillance programs

The screening for infection diseases in pregnancy by laboratory tests can reduce the risk of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of vertically transmitted infections: toxoplasmosis, HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, for the period November 2013 to May 2014. Descriptive study, the sample consisted of 175 pregnant women between 14 to 43 years, women who were discarded for Toxoplasmosis, Reaginic Antibodies by qualitative VDRL, HIV, hepatitis B (Anti-HBsAg Anti-HBsAg, anti-Core); hepatitis C (Total antibodies), through ultramicroELISA (UMELISA). The results showed 27.4% positive for Anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, with 31.2% of these pregnant women having antibody titers of 1/512. Anti-HIV antibodies were positive by 0.6%. 99.4% showed Nonreactive VDRL. 38.9% were positive for antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen, the markers HBsAg and anti-Core were negative by 100%; 1.7% were positive for total antibodies against Hepatitis C. It is concluded that the screening of infectious diseases that represent risk factors for vertically transmission infections during pregnancy, is one of the most appropriate tools to diagnose these diseases and prevent maternal and infant morbidity and mortality

Staphylococcus aureus is an increasingly important pathogen, due to the arsenal of virulence factors which presents, in addition to its high capacity to generate antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this research were: confirm methicillin resistance by amplification the mecA gene and the presence of genes that encode Panton Valentine leucocidin (PVL) virulence factor. These genes have been investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All isolates showed the mecA gene, 50% of these strains were carrying the gene for PVL. 54,17% of the samples from pediatric patients, yield positive for this leukocidin. The highest percentage of isolation was found in samples of skin and soft tissues (85.7%)

Some species of Aeromonas have emerged as important pathogens associated with the development of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential virulence of Aeromonas strains from vegetables. Virulence factors were analyzed: DNase, lecitinasa, caseinase, gelatinase, hemolysines and hemaglutinies, in 59 strains of A. hydrophila and 61 of A. caviae, isolated from coriander, parsley and lettuce obtained in establishments in Maracaibo city. The results were analyzed through statistics ?2. The virulence factors studied were expressed for more of the 80% of the strains. Four of the 6 factors were expressed in greater proportion in Aeromonas hydrophila strains, although the difference between the species only significant in for caseinase expression (94.9% vs 72.1%, p <0.05). All strains exhibited DNase activity. The lecitinasa expression result slightly higher in A. caviae strains (p> 0.05). A significant difference was evident in the number of virulence factors expressed by the two species, being higher for A. hydrophila (p <0.05). The expression of a large number of virulence factors the analyzed Aeromonas strains, allow to attribute a potential of pathogenicity to the strain of human infections