This article examines the geodetic support for monitoring land use changes in Ukraine during the war and post-war periods, which is a key element of national security, economic development, and social stability. The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of the current state and future development prospects of geodetic support for monitoring land resources.

In the article “Framework approach as a strategy for research and design of complex spatial information systems (using the example of NGDI)” the names of its three possible interpretations are formulated. The first of them – as a specific constructive strategy for using geographic information systems and technologies (GIS&T) to manage the territory of Ukraine - considered there also. This paper explores the second interpretation of the Framework Approach – as a generalization of the methodology for SpIS handling. The notion of “generalized methodology” is at the same “epistemological” level of the hierarchy of notions as the notion of “constructive strategy”. To consider this correspondence, the notion of “meta X” is used, where X takes the values necessary for this work. From a theoretical viewpoint, the main attention paid to the notion of “meta-research” and its component - the notion of “meta-methodology”. From a practical viewpoint, the main attention paid to the notions “methodology” and “meta-methodology”, known since the end of the last century as the Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF, versions 1.0 – 4.0). Moreover, such understandings of “generalized methodology” selected that correspond to the notion of “meta-methodology” in the context of the Framework Approach to SpIS handling. Paying due respect to the origin of the term “Solutions Framework (SoFr)”, the consideration of the generalized methodology (or generalization of methodologies) begins with a reminder of version 2.0 of the MSF methodology, to all versions of which the abbreviation M SoFr (Microsoft SoFr) is applied. Such a notation makes it logical to ask about the similarities between M SoFr and the previously considered X(Y) SoFr, such as GeoSF (GeoSolutions Framework) or AtlasSF (Atlas Solutions Framework). Some of these similarities discussed in the article. At the turn of the century, the MSF 2.0 methodology consisted of six Microsoft models (solutions), some of which we used in practice: 1) enterprise architecture, 2) project team, 3) risk management, 4) application development process, 5) design process, 6) enterprise application. All of them described in the MCSD70-100 exam using the example of a hypothetical application that was relevant at that time. Then the MSF 2.0 methodology generalized, so that MSF version 4.0 included two methodologies: MSF for Agile Software Development (MSF4ASD) and MSF for CMMI Process Improvement (MSF4CMMI). There are sources in which the mentioned constructs called approaches. The following relations are valid: 1) MSF4ASD ? MSF 4.0, 2) MSF 4.0 ? MSF4CMMI. The relation ? is epistemological, and the relation ? is reductive. The ?? relations are supplemented by inclusion relations: MSF 4.0 = MSF4ASD ? MSF4CMMI. Updating MSF 4.0 and presenting it with a modern generalization of the methodology for SpIS handling is necessary for the possible reduction from it of currently practically useful methodologies. In particular, built using modern Microsoft products, open source products, including our “extension methodology”, as well as others. Formally, the MSF notion is not currently being developed and the methodological constructs of MSF are hypothetical, however, the phenomenon of MSF itself actually exists, is developing and is used. The actual now MSF version in this article is interpreted as a meta-methodology, from which, by reduction (specification or specialization), it is possible to obtain the methodology for SpIS handling, necessary for practice and including actual Microsoft information technologies. The renewal of our interest to Microsoft solutions and technologies explained not only by their usefulness, but also by the more than ten-year strategy of their gradual openning by the parent (author) company. Due to this fact, by reduction (one or two) from the MSF meta-methodology, we expect to obtain our “extension methodology”. The more traditional name of the latter is Pattern-Based Spatial Engineering (PBSE) due to the fact that it is now being created as Model-Based Software Engineering. The latter will be Model-Based Systems Engineering.

The article develops an integrated framework for overcoming post-Soviet inertia in the interaction between land management and topographic–geodetic activities in Ukraine. It demonstrates that the Soviet educational–professional tradition narrowed geodesy to measurement-centric engineering practices while marginalizing the European understanding of land management as a project- and law-driven activity that designs boundaries and regimes of land use with direct legal consequences. Drawing on international frameworks (FIG, CLGE, INSPIRE, LADM), current Ukrainian legislation, and the author’s long-term observation of professional debates on social media, the study substantiates: (1) the need for terminological unification (surveyor as a generic term, with clear distinctions between land/cadastral surveyor and engineering/topographic surveyor; geodesist is not a synonym for surveyor); (2) a reframing of functional roles whereby topographic–geodetic work is an infrastructural instrument enabling value creation across other sectors, whereas land management directly creates new real-estate objects and planning structures and governs asset value through RRR (rights–restrictions–responsibilities) approaches; and (3) institutional integration of data and processes based on INSPIRE/LADM semantic models. The paper identifies structural drivers of the perceived “crisis” after 1991—namely, the sharp decline of state demand for “centralized geodesy” and the technological automation of measurements (GNSS, satellite and aerial imagery, UAVs, GIS). It proposes the modernization of higher education under specialty G18 (“Geodesy and Land Management”) via interdisciplinary curricula (geodesy × land management × cadastre × spatial planning × real-estate valuation), the adoption of semantic data models and ethics with procedures ensuring public trust in boundaries, and sustained professional communication as a mechanism to eliminate legacy, Soviet-rooted conflicts between communities.

Area, as one of the fundamental geometric parameters of land parcels, is a key factor in land management, land cadaster, land taxation, and related fields. The geodetic area should ideally be determined on the surface of the reference ellipsoid; however, in engineering practice, it is usually calculated from the coordinates of turning points in the Gauss-Krüger projection. The influence of projection is approximately accounted for by introducing a correction to the computed area value derived from rectangular coordinates. At the same time, the geodetic area may differ significantly from its approximate value. There are no exact (closed-form) formulas to calculate the areas of arbitrary parcels on the ellipsoid surface based on the geodetic coordinates of turning points. Therefore, the most accurate values of geodetic areas of geospatial objects are obtained by numerical methods, including those used in geographic information systems. A simpler method of determining “undistorted” land parcel areas relies on equal-area geodetic projections. This study employs the Sanson, Gauss-Krüger and Cassini projections. For the Gauss-Krüger and Cassini projections, algorithms are provided for calculating corrections based on the ordinate of the parcel’s centroid and the ordinates of all turning points. The accuracy of the proposed algorithms has been analyzed using mathematical modeling.

Effective and rational use of land resources is of paramount importance for the agricultural economy both at the level of individual enterprises and on a national scale. The paper examines the state and efficiency of land resources use in Odessa region in terms of natural agricultural zones. It was determined that in the structure of agricultural lands of the region, the largest part is arable land - 80.25%. An analysis of the dynamics of land resources of the region and the dynamics of the efficiency of their use by natural indicators we conducted. The results obtained indicate the dynamics of growth of areas under winter wheat, rapeseed and sunflower, and the stability of corn and barley crops was established. It is worth noting that in most cases the increase in gross harvest occurred due to an increase in sown areas. For a more detailed analysis, the level of sunflower yield we investigated in terms of administrative districts in relation to natural agricultural zones. The results obtained indicate that the lowest level of yield is observed in the Steppe arid zone, which is explained by arid conditions. Based on the analysis, a set of measures for optimizing land use is proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of land resource use in the region.

The article examines the principles of forming the fair value of land capital under the conditions of profound transformations in Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It demonstrates that traditional approaches to land valuation no longer meet current challenges, as they fail to account for environmental threats, institutional changes, and risks associated with military actions. The author substantiates the feasibility of applying the fair value concept as a more flexible and adaptive approach suited to present-day realities. A modified model for determining the value of land capital based on net present value is proposed, which integrates the following factors: the share of land plots withdrawn from cultivation, annual net operating or rental income, losses due to demining and soil contamination (expenses or lost income), state compensations, discount rate, and risk premium. Scenario modeling was used to present several possible development trajectories—optimistic, pessimistic, pragmatic, and one excluding the effects of war. The results indicate that the speed of land resource recovery, the scope of state support, and the efficiency of managerial decisions are the key determinants for maintaining the economic potential of land capital. The developed methodological framework can be applied both for decision-making at the level of agricultural enterprises and territorial communities, as well as for improving state land policy in the context of post-war recovery.

The article substantiates directions for improving the methodological framework for forming state- and municipal-owned land parcels on which buildings and structures are located. A methodology is proposed for delineating such state and municipal land parcels that, in the course of parcel formation, explicitly accounts for the functional (land-use) designation, the technical specifications of buildings and structures, and their location in relation to other immovable property, red lines (street right-of-way lines), public-use areas and facilities, water bodies, territories and assets of the nature reserve fund, cultural heritage sites, and other objects that impose special land-use regimes. It is proposed to establish a unified, quantitatively measurable approach to determining the permissible boundaries of these parcels through two interrelated parameters—the width of a basic service strip and a special adjustment coefficient for each class of buildings and structures. The proposed approach to forming state- and municipal-owned land parcels hosting buildings and structures will, overall, simplify the work of compilers of land management documentation by relying on a single set of quantitative parameters. At the same time, it will reduce instances of transferring excessive land areas without competitive bidding and accordingly increase the supply of land on the competitive market.

Today, an important task for Ukraine is to assess the condition of land damaged and contaminated by military operations and to restore it. The use of geographic information systems and comprehensive analytical methods has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. In this study, GIS technologies are used to map the condition of land around the Burshtyn Thermal Power Plant in order to study the anthropogenic load on it. Based on remote sensing data, namely satellite images, analytical cartographic sources and scientific publications, thematic maps have been constructed, namely a soil map, three maps of soil contamination with heavy metals (copper, lead, cobalt), and a land map. These maps were developed in the QGIS environment and designed in accordance with standards. Within the zone of influence of the Burshtyn TPP, various types of soils have been identified that react differently to anthropogenic load. Analysis of the spatial distribution of heavy metals has made it possible to clearly identify areas of pollutant accumulation. This will allow for the formation of environmentally safe land use. The results of the study can be used for environmental zoning planning, degraded land management, and the development of sustainable development programmes after the Burshtyn TPP ceases operations.