A complicated relationship exists between housemaids who provide necessary domestic assistance and working women who are attempting to make ends meet. Through mixed methods including focus groups, interviews, and surveys, this study probes into the interwoven lives of these demographics and examines this complex interaction, revealing a few significant patterns. Of financial dependency; 78% of working women depend on housemaids to manage work and home esponsibilities, while 65% of housemaids rely on their occupation for a living. Workplace conventions have a significant impact; 82% of housemaids experience stress at work and a submissive posture, and 65% of working women find it difficult to balance both responsibilities. In terms of power and influence, with 30% of housemaids and 80% of working women attaining financial independence, while the housemaids continue to face handicaps, such as low wages and adverse working environments. The confluence of identity - class and job nature, in particular - illustrates the way these factors exacerbate susceptibilities; 75% of housemaids having a low socioeconomic status face more difficulties. This study corroborates strong correlations between class identities, power dynamics, workplace customs, and financial dependency that are confirmed by quantitative study, including chi?square and t-tests. These outcomes emphasize the significance of focused policy initiatives that target socioeconomic susceptibilities and subvert long-standing socioeconomic patterns.

Central Asia is one of the main focuses of the foreign policy of Pakistan. Along with the economic and strategic objectives of its foreign policy in the region, Pakistan also has many political interests. This study aims to explain and analyze in detail the political interests of Pakistan in Central Asia. They include the strategies of Pakistan to promote friendly relations with Central Asia, make Central Asian Republics allies of Islamabad in regional and international affairs, and counter the influence of its arch-rival India in regional affairs as there is competition between India and Pakistan from the very beginning to became regional hegemon, make strong political relations with CARs to facilitate the economic interests, strengthen regional integration, strengthen ECO in order to utilize better the opportunity for securing foreign policy objectives and strengthen relations with CARs using the platform of SCO. It also analyses the successes and failures of Pakistan in securing its political interests in Central Asia

A water crisis is an alarming issue in Balochistan. The persistent crises lead towards catastrophic future condition. Water is essential for human livelihood and other types of economic developments. A province that is situated in an arid zone where due to low rainfall is scarcity of water. The qualitative research methodology will be applied on this research paper. The data collection will take place through secondary sources i.e. books, magazines, journals and internet websites etc. The major causes for water crisis are shortage of rainfall, climate change, misuse of water, over-urbanization, global warming, non-availability of sufficient dams in Balochistan. There are severe implications and repercussions of water crisis in Balochistan. It leads towards agricultural crisis, loss of biodiversity, migration, drought condition, poor quality life and low income etc. There is a need to adopt a proper strategy that how to overcome the water crisis in Balochistan. The construction of dams, the public awareness, the re-cycling of water, aqueducts, desalination of water, improvement in sewerage system, rain water harvesting can enable us to overcome the water crisis. The sustainable water management approach will be applied to treat reuse and to control the wastage of water. The research will be conducted by keeping in view the socio-economic perspective.

In recent years, Xiaomi phones have been a major player in the Pakistani smartphone market due to their innovative technology, suitable hardware, and affordable prices. Still, in light of the intense market conflict, Xiaomi has to keep going in its endeavors to uphold the efficacy of its marketing strategy. This study focuses on the selection of Xiaomi Company as the research subject to comprehensively investigate its marketing strategy and its effectiveness within the Pakistani market. To begin with, PEST analysis is used to assess the external factors that impact their operations and make decisions to lower lowering the risk involved. In addition, Five Forces method might be useful for the executives of Xiaomi in analyzing the market

The present article analyses the approach adopted by distinguished Pakistani historian Dr.Mubarak Ali towards the famous historical writings authored on Sindh by the different writers. The writings comprise noted Persian books written in the medieval period as well as the books written during early modern period by European officers and travellers etc., in English. He is extremely critical of all but one of the medieval era histories due to their apparent omission of the lives of common people. Only the royals, noblemen, religious and spiritual figures find a place in those records. On the other hand, he is all praise for the writings of British officials and other Westerners who gave deserving space to the commoners in their writings. This article aims to critically analyse this approach of Mubarak Ali when reading these texts.

The last 75 years have highlighted the extent to which issues regarding resource distribution in Pakistan have been closely related to the country’s chequered history of federal-provincial relations. Repeated interventions have marred these relations regarding various dimensions of provincial autonomy as enshrined in the constitutional frameworks that have been operative since 1947. The complexities involved have paved the way for multiple other issues, including ethnic, political and economic disparities. The Pakistan federation has applied a three-pronged strategy—bureaucratization, centralization and homogenization—to cope with federating units’ demands for provincial autonomy, economic decentralization and appropriate representation. Yet, despite its criticality, there has been little attempt to understand and analyze the fundamental question of why Pakistan’s economic system has been predominantly centralized, and so why the provinces have been made so dependent on federal fiscal shares, grants-in-aid and subversion instead of evolving the capacity to generate their own revenue mechanism? The paper addresses these-long standing political-fiscal challenges with particular focus on the relationship between the Centre and Sindh.

Pakistan, like many other countries, faces various types of disasters, and the severity of these challenges is expected to worsen without proper management strategies. This study examines the monitoring of disasters and the effectiveness of Early Warning Systems (EWS) in Pakistan. Amongst disasters, water-related calamities such as floods, droughts and cyclones pose significant threats to the country. The qualitative data collected through field survey revealed that floods are monitored but highlighted the need for improved communication and dissemination of estimated volumetric rainfall alerts to enable effective planning by authorities and communities. The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) sends flood-related information to the respective District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), which relies on focal persons and field staff to inform people. Communication channels have evolved, with social media becoming a primary source along with field staff, and SMS alerts sent by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to at-risk communities. Collaboration with NGOs and the use of radio messages further contribute to information dissemination. However, significant challenges and bottle necks exist in pre-disaster planning and post-disaster response. The findings emphasize the importance of effective communication, improved EWS, and coordinated efforts among government agencies to reduce the risk and impact of disasters in Pakistan.

Constitutionally speaking, the FATA region has always been recognized as an integral part of the Pakistani federation. However, over the years, these areas stayed secluded from the national mainstream socio-economic, legal, and political spectrum. Consequently, the FATA region underwent extreme under development and has been facing serious governance issues. In order to reform and develop these areas, successive Pakistani governments have tried various development strategies and reform packages but those attempts did not bring any substantial improvements. In an attempt to deal with the multidimensional governance and law and order issues in the FATA region, the government of Pakistan has merged it in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in 2018. This paper seeks to explore how the FATA region evolved from a lawless frontier to an administered polity and subsequently got merged in the KP. It begins by offering a brief history of FATA and the evolution of its administrative structure. It then discusses the successive Pakistani governments’ reform strategies vis-à-vis the tribal region. Finally, the paper critically analyses the FATA merger in the KP and explores its pros and cons.

A rich curriculum contributes towards producing better humans. The study targets assessing moral values embedded in English textbooks HSC-I&II taught to college students of Baluchistan as recommended by Baluchistan board. Moral values tend to be developed through curriculum taught to students at school, college and university for sake of character-building. English textbooks HSC-I&II content was inspected systematically from stand point of infusing moral values among novice learners. At first, certain moral values were explored and enlisted from existing literature and then textbook content was critically analyzed using content analysis tactic method. Different moral values found in the textbooks under scrutiny were categorized and enlisted. The research findings showed content of HSC-II English language textbook contained certain moral values-related content adequately whereas; HSC-I textbook lacked moral values exhibition. It is fact college students pursue good impression from textbooks because their minds are still raw at this stage of life. Henceforth, this study recommends addition of additional Islamic and ethical values in English language textbooks taught to college students at intermediate level for grooming their personalities and character building which pay back in numerous ways in personal and professional life of these students.

This desk review aimed to assess the existing quality improvement (QI) mechanisms for contraceptive health services in the private health sector in Karachi, Pakistan. The study was organized into three themes, and eight research questions were developed to guide the review. The study adopted a qualitative research design that integrated a desk review approach. The Bruce?Jain Framework and Anderson Behavioral Model were used as analytical frameworks for the review. The study employed the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study Design (PICOS) approach to formulating the research questions and eligibility criteria. The critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for appraising the strengths and limitations of qualitative research methodology was applied in this study. The number of chosen reports was thirty-one that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The study revealed that quality improvement (QI) mechanisms, such as web-based monitoring, targeted training, and supportive supervision of profit-making healthcare providers, incentivize private-sector with rewards. Integrating QI approaches, including regular supervision, are crucial for achieving measurable outcomes. The review provides insights into existing quality improvement (QI) mechanisms for contraceptive health services in Karachi’s private health sector, indicating that regular supportive supervision can incentivize compliance with quality standards. Integrating QI approaches is crucial for measurable quality improvement. The study offers valuable perspectives on policy and practice aimed at improving the quality of contraceptive health services within the private sector.

The aim of this paper is explore the major cause of honor-killing in Larkana division. This study will analyze the cultural, economic, social, and religious aspects of the issue to determine the root cause of the problem It will also examine emotional factors for extra marital relationship. The study has used original sources of data including the police station records and the researcher has also conducted interviews to have clear understanding of the issue of honor-killing. The study concludes key points regarding the honour?killing. It also provides recommendation for various stakeholders to make a collective strategy to eliminate the evil of honour-killing.