The search of alternative ingredients of concrete to conserve the conventional ingredients and protect environment is an active area of research. Therefore, this research article presents laboratory investigations on compressive strength of concrete made with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates from demolishing waste concrete and partial replacement of cement with marble dust. Recycled and conventional aggregates were used in equal dosage. Cement was replaced with marble dust from 0 to 10% in increment of 2.5%. Six concrete mixes were designed using 1:2:4 mix and 0.5 w/c ratio. Workability of each mix was evaluated by slump test. 30 standard size cylinders were prepared and cured for 28-days followed by testing for weight and compressive strength. The comparison of results with those of conventional concrete showed that 5% replacement of cement with marble dust gives 8.3% increase in compressive strength and 2% reduction in weight. Therefore, 5% replacement is concluded as the optimum dosage of the marble dust in green concrete. The outcome of the research will provide understanding of the behavior of marble dust on compressive strength of green concrete made by using demolishing waste as coarse aggregates.

The Synchronous reluctance machine is very attractive due to its robustness, absence of magnet, easiness to control, simplicity and passive rotor structure. This paper deals with the design and optimization of synchronous reluctance motor for mining applications at low-speed with direct-drive. Therefore, it is intended to detect the stator and rotor parameters which provide a high efficiency (91.13%) and a good average torque (959Nm). In this regard, two different rotor geometries with multiple width size of flux barriers and flux carriers have been considered in this work and their effects are proposed through finite element analysis. A suitable geometry of the rotor is proposed for further investigation and the development of prototype design.

In this paper, we investigate the compressive strength of concrete made with partial replacement of cement with biomedical waste ash. Biomedical waste was collected from the medical facility centers of Nawabshah city. After incineration, it was grinded into fine powder. The cement was then replaced by using ash in the dosage of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% by weight of the cement. Total 288 standard size cylinders were cast with 1:2:4 mix and 0.45 w/c ratio in six batches. In each batch, 48 cylinders were prepared. Equal number of cylinders was cured for 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Out of six batches, one batch of the cylinders was cast with all-conventional aggregates to compare the results of the proposed specimens. The test results of weight, density and compressive strength show that the optimum dosage of the biomedical waste ash is 3%. The weight of the proposed concrete specimens was lower by 2% than that of the conventional concrete specimens. The density was observed in good agreement with the

Flow measurement is the determination of the quantity of a fluid, either a liquid, or gas that passes through a pipe, duct, or open channel. In the physical world, engineers are frequently required to monitor or control the flow of various fluids. Orifice metering is one of the prime and easy ways of measuring the flow rates. It has the versatile application of fluid measurement in various industries such as oil and gas sector, polymer, and beverages, etc. The study presented in this paper is conducted to investigate mainly the variation in the measurement of flow discharge by altering the geometrical specifications of the orifice plate. With this purpose, the fabrication of required orifice plates is accomplished in the mechanical workshop. Experimental work is done on Armfield Flow Meter Demonstration Unit. Using the application of Bernoulli’s equation, the calculations of the theoretical volumetric flowrate and coefficient of discharge are carried out. This attempt suggests that the proper design of the orifice plate is very important to achieve the highest possible level of flow metering accuracy. The findings also suggest its periodic maintenance to prevent abnormalities such as contamination, corrosion, etc. as these can cause a huge error in the measurement of volumetric discharge. The highest discharge coefficient (0.88) was of a plate having orifice diameter 2.3 cm and angle 450. Based on all the experimental findings, the uncontaminated orifice plate with beta ratio (0.54) and bevel angle of 45 was recommended which resulted in the highest discharge coefficient leading to the maximum accuracy. The proposed configuration can help industries at achieving the accurate flow metering which in turn can overcome the economic losses associated with flows.

In current era, the proliferation of IoT devices has transformed our daily life to a new level and made our life easier. IoT devices have interconnected with each other for communing and sharing information to gateways or Access Points (APs) for further processing of data. However, this provides growth to cybersecurity and zero-day attacks in IoT networks. In this paper, we have reviewed the deep learning models and datasets which are used to detect malicious data in an IoT ecosystem. We have observed that the combination of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN), LSTM, and stacked auto-encoders have better accuracy and precision for detecting malicious packets in the IoT environment. Moreover, a detailed theoretical analysis of deep learning models and datasets is also performed. This review provides a pathway for the new researchers to conduct research in IoT security and privacy issues by making these findings as references.

In this research paper, we analyze the effect of saw dust ash as cement replacement on compressive strength. Sawdust collected from wood workshops of Nawabshah city was converted into ash by burning and grinding. Six concrete mixes with ash dosage of 2.5% to 15% in the increment of 2.5% were developed. Also, a mix with conventional ingredients was developed as control mix. Workability by slump test shows a higher demand of water in the mix with sawdust ash, otherwise mechanical effort or admixtures will be needed to maintain the workability. Total 63 standard size cylinders were cast using 1:2:4 mix and 0.5 water cement ratio. In each mix, 9 cylinders were cast, out of which equal number of cylinders were cured for 7, 28 and 56 days. Weight of the specimen shows that sawdust ash is helpful in developing light weight concrete. Increased dosage of the waste ash produces lighter concrete. Comparison of compressive strength of the saw dust concrete mix with conventional concrete shows that 5% replacement of cement with the waste ash is the optimum dosage. At this dosage, the decrease in compressive strength is 11.66% and reduction in weight is about 2%. Although, the elongated curing shows improvement in strength results, but at optimum dosage the reduction in compressive strength up to 12% was recorded as compared to 28-day cured specimens.

This paper comprises of a cost-effective solution for a paraplegic mother to interact and take care of her infant. An expected 6.2% of guardians of newborn in the United States have physical abnormality. This investigation depicts how women with physical abnormalities experience taking care of their newborn babies and how they adjust their care duty. The project comprises of a manually converted powered wheelchair attached with an infant carrier. Furthermore, sensors modules are attached for the monitoring of basic body parameters such as temperature and heart rate. A manual wheelchair was converted into motorized one comprising of a differential drive mechanism using h-Bridge system. A total of 35 women subjects and 5 infant subjects were used for test drive the wheelchair. It proved to be most efficiently functional when subjected within the weight range of 65kg. The parameter system gives about 97% measurement accuracy.

Green concrete is an active area of research for being the need of the day. This research article presents a laboratory investigation for the determination of strength correction factor due to different height (H) to diameter (D) ratio of cylinders made by using green concrete. Green concrete is produced by using demolished waste as coarse aggregates in 50% proportion of total coarse aggregates. Standard H/D ratio ensures proper strength of the concrete being used; otherwise, strength correction will be required for quality check and control of the concrete. Therefore, this research work is aimed at developing the correction coefficients. To achieve this purpose, total 45 concrete cylinders in nine batches are prepared using 1:2:4 mix and 0.45 water-to-cement ratio. One batch of cylinders with H/D ratio equal to 2 is prepared using conventional coarse aggregates only. These cylinders are used as control specimens to compare the results of the proposed concrete. For the rest of the batches of cylinders, H/D ratio is varied from 2.0 to 0.6 with a decrement of 0.2. After casting, compacting and curing for 28-days in standard fashion, all the specimens are tested for compressive strength in a universal testing machine. From the obtained results, the corrections factors for the compressive strength are developed. These factors are used to correlate the compressive strength of non-standard H/D ratio cylinder to compressive strength of standard H/D ratio cylinder. The results obtained from this reserach are very helpful for quality control and strength inspection.

Diagnosing a brain tumor usually begins with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, the complexity associated with the MRI system makes this task non-trivial. Especially, distinguishing between different types of tumors, i.e., Meningioma, Glioma and Pituitary is not easy and is highly subjective. To address this issue, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using transfer learning to classifying MRI images into the mentioned tumor types. We used pre-trained models of VGG16 and VGG19 and re-trained them on the publicly available dataset of figshare. A comparison of the performance of these models reveals that VGG16 models achieves a maximum accuracy of 84.59%, whereas the maximum accuracy attained by VGG19 is 86.70%. Our experimental results demonstrate that the task of classifying tumorous MRI images can be efficiently done with CNN.

Requirement of cement is increasing constantly but its manufacturing process results in the release of CO2. To reduce the carbon dioxide content in structural concrete, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) can be replaced partially with Eggshell powder (ESP). It is believed that the use of eggshell powder not only increases the strength of concrete, but also its durability to some extent. Eggshell is a wasteful material developed from poultry industry, but these shells are rich in lime. On the other hand, the use of eggshell powder facilitates the disposal of poultry waste which otherwise causes pollution and other environmental hazardous effects. This paper is focused on evolving a better understanding on concrete strength development by utilizing eggshell powder partially as alterna-tive of cement. The concrete made with a proportion ratio of 1:2:4 with 0.5 w/c ratio. Total 84 cube specimens of standard size were casted and checked at age of 1-, 3-, 7- and 28-days curing. The efficiency of eggshell powder was investigated in terms of concrete workability (slump value) and compressive strength (cube crushing strength). Densities of concrete specimens were also investigated at above curing ages before testing. The results were compared to those of concrete without eggshell powder. The findings show that with the increase in eggshell powder in concrete, the concrete workability decreases as opposed to the usual concrete mix. Reduction in unit weight (density) is observed while ESP concrete’s compressive strength increases sufficiently with the introduction of eggshell powder content up to a certain level of dosage.

Typically, a conventional drive lift is used to move from one floor to another in tall buildings. This system suffers from instability and maintainability issues due to the unavailability of proper monitoring system for users. This paper proposes a model for monitoring and controlling an elevator system to maintain autonomy. The paper is focused on an elevator design with Arduino controller. The system relates to a designed Ethernet card that is assembled with hypertext machine language. The proposed work comprises of a sensor module which has the capability to monitor and control through internet service. The control of the elevator is attained by a designed graphical user interface system that acknowledges the proper maintenance of the prototype. Whereas, the conventional lift system provides only limited information such as floor number under similar operating conditions, our proposed monitoring system can display the lift temperature, number of users, weight, oxygen level, floor status, lift speed, body temperature and fault location. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the efficacy of the system is analyzed with simulation and hardware assembly. The overall results verify that Arduino is suitable for monitoring and controlling an elevator system with the help of a webpage through an Ethernet shield.

Use of well graded aggregates in concrete is one of the key parameters to ensure proper strength of the concrete. Green concrete on other hand is need of the day. Therefore, this research paper presents laboratory investigations of compressive strength due to gap gradation of coarse aggregates in green concrete cubes. Green concrete was developed using demolishing waste as coarse aggregates. Five batches of cubes with 5 cubes in each batch were prepared by omitting 1”, 3/4”, 1/2”, 3/8” and #4 sizes in turn. In these batches conventional and recycled aggregates were used in equal proportions. Two more batches of the cubes; one with well grades conventional aggregates, and other with well graded recycled aggregates were also prepared. For preparation of all cubes, a 1:2:4 mix with 0.5 water/cement ratio was used. Slump value of all batches was determined. All the specimens were cured for 28 days by standard water curing. After curing, weight and compressive strength of the specimens were determined. From the obtained results, it is observed that omission of smaller size aggregates has least effect (3%) on compressive strength. On the other hand, if larger sizes are omitted, then the residual strength of the concrete is about 67%.

This paper presents the energy loss of the non-rural distribution feeder. Currently in Pakistan, the distribution companies in Water and Power Development Authorities (WAPDA) have implemented different methods to reduce technical losses of distribution feeders. But these methods are difficult to adopt due to their complexities. Therefore, the main aim of the research is to assess the energy loss of non-rural distribution feeders of Nawabshah region. The methodology is based on an on-site survey while providing the inductive loads on distribution feeders. Three main parameters have been analyzed in this study which include monthly power loss in percentage, power factor (PF), and line capacity. The method adopted for the on-site survey and the results obtained through the analysis of the collected data unraveled the techniques which lead to a substantial reduction in electricity cost and improvement in the overall efficiency of the system.