This study investigated the potential inhibitory effects of nine novel synthesized urea-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives DT-DEN-1-9 on polyphenol oxidase PPO activity.

This study addresses this challenge by focusing on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to combat excessive soil erosion rates within the Kayacik Dam Basin, located in the semi-arid region of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin in Türkiye. The primary objective is to maintain an average annual soil loss of no more than 10 tons per hectare. To achieve this, the RUSLE model is employed to evaluate sustainable land management (SLM) strategies.

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect and antimicrobial properties of Heracleum persicum plant.

The current study intends to evaluate the influence of seasonal changes on the water quality parameters of a coupled commercial aquaponics system. The determined water quality parameters for the comparative study were total ammonium-nitrogen (TAN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO43-), water temperature (WT), water pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The WT and DO analysis were carried out using a portable dissolved oxygen meter (Model: PDO-520, Taiwan). A portable electrode pH meter (Model: PH-220, Taiwan) was utilized for the pH measurement. The TDS and EC readings were obtained using a multi-parameter water quality meter (PHT-27, China). The TAN, NO3-N, and PO43- determinations were done using their individual Merck Spectro-quant® test kits. The research results indicated a significant (p<0.05) difference in the NO3-N, PO43-, WT, pH, EC, and TDS values among the comparative four seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). However, the TAN and DO levels revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference. The observed significant increase of NO3-N, PO43-, EC, and TDS in the summer and autumn periods could be associated to the increased fish feeding rate (which increases waste production) as well as relative increase in microbial waste conversion/mineralization. The investigated water quality makers were within the recommended amounts in the aquaponics system. Thus, in this study, seasonal differences have induced variation in the NO3-N, PO43-, WT, pH, EC, and TDS amounts. However, these differences do not affect the TAN and DO levels.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains exhibiting ACC (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate) deaminase enzyme activity on salt stress in germination and early seedling stages of lentil (Lens culinaris M.). The study utilized three NaCl concentrations (control, 100 mM, and 200 mM) and six PGPB strains (control, KF3A, KF3B, KF58B, KF58C and KF63C). Hydro-priming with distilled water was applied to seeds in the control group. The study was conducted in 2023 at Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops laboratory, using a completely randomized factorial design with four replications. According to the results, all parameters, except seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index, were significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) affected by salt stress or bio-priming applications. Germination percentage ranged from 91.8% to 99.4%, average germination time from 1.24 to 1.90 days, germination uniformity coefficient from 48.8 to 81.2, germination energy from 9.3 to 81.9, germination index from 10.1 to 18.0, seedling length from 1.8 to 3.8 cm, root length from 3.5 to 6.0 cm, seedling dry weight from 0.0176 to 0.0240 g, root dry weight from 0.0119 to 0.0206 g, seedling vigor index from 3.3 to 4.1, lateral root number from 1.3 to 4.3, and total lateral root length from 0.46 to 2.54 cm. KF58C and KF63C were noted to promote germination and seedling development of lentil seedling under both optimum and stress conditions, while KF3A, KF3B, and KF58B strains provided weaker plant growth compared to hydro-priming. Particularly, the KF58C strain significantly increased seedling length, root length, lateral root number, and total lateral root length, stimulating dry matter accumulation in roots by 114%. In conclusion, it is considered that bio-priming with PGPB strains possessing ACC deaminase activity could offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for enhancing lentil tolerance to salt stress.

Weeds are a major cause of yield and quality loss in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops. Therefore, weed control is important in sunflower production. In this context, the study was conducted in 2023 to determine the effectiveness of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides with different modes of action on weed population, dry weight of weeds and sunflower yield and yield components in sunflower. Four herbicides with different modes of action, three pre-emergence (aclonifen (A), pendimethalin (P), linuron (L) and one post-emergence (quizalofop-p-ethyl) (Q) and combinations of these herbicides were used in the study. To determine the effects of herbicides on weed populations and species, four different assessments were conducted at regular intervals. As a result of the study, a total of 10 weed species belonging to 5 families were detected in the trial area. The weed species with the highest density were Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Xanthium strumarium L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Chenopodium album L. The study found that the effects of herbicides on weed populations and species varied. In the study, the highest rates of weed control were achieved in plots where both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides were used together. The highest weed control rate was observed in plots P+Q (96.66%). The highest effect on weed dry weight was obtained in plot L+Q with a rate of 89.63%. The highest weed dry weight was recorded in the weedy control plots. In the study, the highest yield (287.53 kg da-1) was obtained in the weed-free (hoe) control plot. Yield increases of 18% to 45% can be achieved by controlling weeds in sunflowers. As a result, herbicide efficacy on weed population and dry weight of weeds increased when herbicides were used in combination. Some herbicides have been shown to increase yields when used alone. However, it is important to use herbicides in combination to control more weed populations and prevent a potential resistance problem.

In this study, the aim was to reveal the demographic structure of the almond producing enterprises in Adiyaman province, to determine the production status, to examine the operations carried out by the business owners during the production phase, to determine the problems in almond production and to present suggestions for the development of production. The province of Adiyaman, which is determined as the study area, meets 17.80% of almond production in Türkiye according to the data of 2022. "Simple Random Sampling Method" was used to determine the number of producers to be included in the research. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with almond producers. The enterprises in the research area were divided into three different groups according to almond planting area. Kruskall-Wallis test was conducted to determine the differences between enterprise groups and some demographic characteristics of farmers. In 2022, the total cultivation area was 108.750 decares and the production amount was 33.827 tons in Adiyaman province. It is predicted that the climatic characteristics of Adiyaman province are suitable for almond production, the increase in production over the years will continue in the coming years, the almond processing facilities in Adiyaman will become more widespread and the interest in the product will increase more. The evaluations revealed that there were various problems in the production process such as sapling supply, fertilization, spraying and irrigation. Fight against diseases and pests and high input prices were stated as the most important problems. For this reason, it is necessary to solve the problems of producers, to provide them with the necessary support so that they can sell their products at their value, to earn the income they want and to avoid loss of income. In this way, it has been concluded that it will be possible to expand the almond production areas in the future and to increase the production.

The aim of the study is to determine the temporal change of land use and land cover in Tekkeköy district, located in the east of Samsun province and is to explain the reasons for this change. The recent rapid increase in the population of Tekkeköy district and the concentration of industrial activities in the district have caused serious changes on the land. Landsat satellite images from 1990, 1999, 2005, 2010 and 2017 were used in the study. ENVI 5.3v program was used for classification. Four classes were identified in the district: agriculture, pasture, forest and artificial areas. At the same time, the normalized vegetation index distribution for these years was also presented and its change from past to present was determined. While agricultural areas constituted 54.3% of the total area in 1990, they decreased to 52.4% in 1999, 48.4% in 2005, 46.6% in 2010 and 45.4% in 2017, while non-agricultural areas, especially settlements and organized industrial areas located on the plain, increased from 3.5% in 1990 to 10.6% in 2017. For the vegetation index, the amount of area covered by very poor vegetation increased proportionally by 2000% between 1990 and 2017, while there were decreases of approximately 26.6%, 9.3% and 14.3% in the dense, medium and poor classes, respectively. This intense pressure on land should be prevented by proper planning of land use.

The objective of this research was to determine some feed quality characteristics of silage made from bagasse after juice extractioning of stalks of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.]. 21 different sweet sorghum genotypes obtained from different sources were used as materials. Field trials were carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute trial area (Dogankent/Adana-Türkiye) in 2016 and 2017, under second crop conditions, with 4 replications, according to the randomized complete blocks trial design. In this study, silage obtained from sweet sorghum stalks harvested during the period between the dough and milk stages was analyzed for yield and some feed quality properties. There were statistically significant differences in sweet sorghum genotypes in terms of all examined characteristics according to the average of years. As a result of the research, according to the average values of the genotypes, the silage digestible dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) yields ranged from 7187 to 22352 kg ha?¹ and 495 to 1675 kg ha?¹, respectively. In addition, among the quality characteristics of silages, DM intake, relative feed value, net energy lactation, and digestible DM ratio were ranged from 1.74-2.33%, 68.7-109.5, 1.206-1.397 Mcal kg-1 DM, and 50.98-61.54% respectively. In conclusion, it is seen that the silages made with the bagasse of different sweet sorghum genotypes in the second crop conditions in the Çukurova region have very high values in terms of digestible DM yield and CP yield per unit area. Additionally, by determining the digestible properties of the bagasse silage, it is seen that bagasse can be used as roughage by making silage.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the sustainable agriculture perceptions of paddy farmers using factor analysis. The main material of the study consisted of primary data obtained through a survey method from 89 paddy farmers operating in the Ipsala district of Edirne province, located in the Thrace part of the Marmara Region of Türkiye. In order to determine the factors affecting the sustainable agriculture perceptions of paddy farmers, 60 propositions were presented to the farmers and the degree of agreement with each proposition was determined using a likert scale. As a result of the preliminary analysis, factor analysis was conducted with 30 propositions with factor loadings greater than 0.50. According to the results of the factor analysis, it has been determined that the eigenvalues for 9 factors are greater than 1 among the eigenvalues of 30 variables. For this reason, factor analysis results were examined taking into account 9 factors. These 9 factors explain % 72.35 of the total variance. These factors and their total variance explanation ratios were determined as; Factor1 “Environmental sensitivity factor (15.97%)”, Factor2 “Education and awareness factor (11.64%)”, Factor3 “Paddy production and women factor (8.47%)”, Factor4 “Seed preference and risk management factor (7.01%)", Factor5 "Use of financial resources obtained for agricultural purposes in paddy production factor (6.60%)", Factor6 "Cooperation and environmental improvement factor (6.44%)", Factor7 "Environmental degradation and productivity factor (6.08%)”, Factor8 “Health factor (5.38%)”, Factor9 “Productivity factor (4.77%)”, respectively. These results obtained from the study indicate that in order to ensure sustainability in paddy production; It provides important data for policy makers and decision makers regarding the promotion of environmentally friendly sustainable agricultural techniques by the government and the training of farmers on sustainable agricultural techniques.

The value of land in expropriation cases is calculated based on the net income obtained from the land. According to this approach, two main variables determining land value are net income and the capitalization rate. An error made by the experts in determining the capitalization rate will cause discussions about over or under estimation of land value. The aim of this article is to discuss the Supreme Court decisions regarding the capitalization rate used in determining the land value in expropriation cases with a scientific framework. The data of the article consist of the knowledge obtained by examining 62 Supreme Court decisions. It is aimed to ensure uniformity of practice among experts with the capitalization rates recommended by the Supreme Court of Appeals. In this way, it is foreseen that the use of very different capitalization rates in the same region will be prevented. It can be said that the decisions of the Supreme Court regarding the capitalization rate have reduced the objections to the land expropriation cases to a certain extent. In the article, firstly the methodology related to the calculation of the capitalization rate was presented, then the decisions of the Supreme Court based on the expert reports were discussed. It was expected that the article will guide relevant people and organizations, especially experts, valuation commissions and judicial bodies.

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the soil and land use of Sarigöl district of Manisa province (Türkiye) with the help of Geographical Information Systems tools. For this purpose, General Directorate of Soil Water data were digitized and areal and proportional distribution maps and statistical data were obtained by means of ArcMap 10.3 software. The surface area of the study area is 431.525 km2 and it is located at the intersection of 4 provinces in the Aegean Region. While the slope value is between 0-2 % in 21.58% of the total land area of the district, whose elevation varies between 170 and 1338 meters, low slope lands are generally located in Sarigöl and Afsar plains and intensive agriculture is carried out in these areas. The soil groups of the district are calcareous brown forest soils (202.2 km2), alluvial soils (102.2 km2), calcareous brown soils (96.8 km2), kolluvial (19.5 km2) and rendzinal (7 km2). Erosion occurring at severe and very severe levels is observed in 281.81 km2 area, which shows that 65% of the land in the study area is at risk of losing its soil resources. As a matter of fact, the soil depth is less than 50 cm in 282.796 km2 of the total land area. Concave slopes, where the erosion effect occurs more slowly than other slope types, are observed in 200.788 km2 (46%), flat areas 154.142 km2 and convex slopes 76.595 km2. Agriculture is practised in 48% of the total land area of the district. When we look at the other usage areas, forest occupies 29%, heathland 18%, pasture 3%, settlement areas and river floodplains 2%. Class I, II, III and IV lands of the district have a 35% share with 147.076 km2, while class V, VI, VII, and VIII lands correspond to 65% of the land area with an area of 278.398 km2.