There is a need for studies on allelopathy, which is an anternative way of fighting, instead of herbicides and t heir harmful effects on environment. For this purpose, water and methanol extracts of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum and Salvia limbata taxa were used to determine allelopathic potential. The effects of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum and Salvia limbata extracts on seed germination of Portulaca oleraceae L. (purslane) and Zea maysL. (corn) were evaluated. Radicle-plumule lengths and germination percentages of corn and purslane were decreased with increased concentrations of water and methanol extracts onseeds. With more detailed and precise future studies, these extracts may be suggested as a natural herbicide.

This work; it was conducted in order to determine the herbage yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes collected from natural flora in the ‘Göller Bölgesi’. Experiments in the research were set up in 3 replications, according to the design of random blocks. The herbal material of the study; 15 alfalfa genotypes and 2 registered alfalfa varieties; crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and relative feed values (RFV). According to the results of the research; Hüyük-1 (2145 kg da-1), Sandikli-3 (2137 kg da-1) and Yenisarbademli-2 (2183 kg da-1) alfalfa genotypes, which constitute the first group statistically in terms of dry matter, outperformed registered varieties; it has been determined that the CP ratio and t he CP yield of the Hüyük-1 alfalfa genotype result in excellent / highest quality dry matter in terms of ADF, NDF and TDN. The obtained information is the result of the genotype of the Hüyük-1 alfalfa in the light can be used in breeding studies.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating drug widely used clinically for the treatment of cancer and non - malignant diseases. However, the use of CP causes cytotoxicity in one or more tissues. In this study, it was aimed to determine possible protective effects of carvacrol (Car) which is the main component of thyme plant with antioxidant properties on CP (50 and 100 mg kg-1) testis toxicity. In the study, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups as 7 animals in each group. According to histological and biochemical findings, Car was found to provide meaningful protection in the prevention of testicular damage caused by CP. According to the results of the research, carvacrol is a highly effective antioxidant and cell protector. For this reason, Car may be an effective candidate for reducing side effects of anticancer drugs in chemotherapy protocols.

The study was conducted to determine the effects of Rhizobium japonicum strains isolated from the nodule samples collected from soybean cultivated fields in Samsun province on growth and nitrogen content of soybean plants. The nodule samples were collected from a total of 94 different fields in Çarsamba and Terme districts and Dikbiyik town of Samsun province where soybean cultivation is intense. The isolation studies and greenhouse experiments were performed in the laboratories and greenhouses of the Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute (TGSKMAE). Field experiments were carried out in 9 different locations in Samsun province with isolates TGAE.Sam.58-a and TGAE.Sam.60 - c obtained from greenhouse studies and with TGAE.S.543/335/1089/649 strain from TGSKMAE collection. According t o field experiments, all strains were found to be effective in terms of grain yield, grain nitrogen content and nitrogen values removed with the grain, while the most effective strains were determined to be TGAE.Sam.60-c and TGAE.S.1809. As the average of the locations, in the plots inoculated with bacteria, the N values removed with soybean grain was between 23 -30 kg da-1, while in control plots it was between 12-14 kg da-1. The use of TGAE.Sam.60-c and TGAE.S.1809 strains has been recommended for the areas of Samsun province where soybean farming is conducted.

In this study land use efficiency on Ezine District of Çanakkale Province which covers approximately 721 km² was determined with geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. In the study, 1982 year data of the Canakkale Provincial Inventory report and 2012 ASTER satellite image were used. To determine the land use efficiency, basic land use types (agriculture, pasture, forest, water surface and non-agricultural areas) of 1982 and 2012 images were compared with land use capability classes converted to raster format. With this comparison, it was determined in which land use capability class the land use classes were included. According to results, it was detected that agriculture, pasture, wat er surfaces and non-agricultural areas were increased and forest areas were decreased in 30 years’ period. While non- agricultural uses in I., II., III. and IV. class lands were 665 ha, it was increased approximately by 30% and reached to 865.15 ha in 2012. Non-agricultural uses in VI., VII. and VIII. class lands were 1683 ha in 1982 and it has increased about 5 .03% and reached to 1767.5 ha in 2012. The decline of forest areas in VI and VII class land has led to increases especially in agriculture and pasture use. This increase is thought to lead to increased soil loss due to erosion.

This study was carried out to determine the most suitable method for the germination of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seeds collected in 2014 from the Muslubelen Pass at 1440 m in Yozgat province. Cocklebur seeds treated with different GA3 (50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) and temperature (in the oven 90 °C and 120 °C for 1, 5 and 10 minut es) and seed germination was observed. Germination times and rates were determined by 10 different observations in 13 different applications. Germination times for 24 h GA3 (50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm), 10 min. in oven (90 °C and 120 °C) was determined as 10 days, and for 1 min. in oven 90 °C and 120 °C (8 and 11th application), and 5 min. in oven 90 °C and 120 °C (9 and 12th application) germination times determined as 11 days. The germination time in the 13th application (10 min at 120 ° C) was 18 days. Germination rates of cocklebur seeds were found to be about 26% in the 13th application (10 min of the plant 120° C), 70% in the 9th application (5 min. of the plant 90° C) and 90-100% in other applications.

The aim of this study was to determine physical, chemical and nutritional status of soils (Camellia sinensis L.) in east side of Çatakli River Basin, in which tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has been cultivated. A total of 32 soil sample were collected from 16 locations including both surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60 cm) while taking slope, elevation and physiographic units into consideration. 16 different soil parameters; texture, pH, EC, lime, organic material, Na, K, Ca, Mg, N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were analyzed and descriptive statistical properties were calculated. According to the results, sand, clay, and silty content of the surface soil were determined as 28.40-77.68%, 7.60-46.88% and 14.72-34.72%, respectively, whereas sand, clay, and silty content of subsurface soil were found as 41.12-81.12%, 6.88-40.88% and 12-34% in study area. In addition, dominant texture of the surface and subsurface study area soils were determined as sandy loam. pH values of surface soil were between 3.76 and 5.63 while, subsurface soils were between 3.70 and 6.62. Organic matter content of the surface soils were between 0.61% and 3.01%, while subsurface soils were between 0.48% and 4.24%. Although nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, which are called macro nutrients of soils, are generally inadequate, there is no problem in the micronutrients, copper and iron, while zinc and manganese contents are found inadequate.

In this study, the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf -life and quality characteristics of Belstar and Beaumont broccoli cvs. grown in Tekirdag ecology were evaluated. Packaged broccoli crowns and control groups were stored at 2±1 oC and 90-95% relative humidity for 4 weeks. Variations in weight loss, total phenolic compound content, antioxidant content, total chlorophyll content and external appearance were determined during cold storage period at weekly intervals. As a result of the research, the weight loss of the control group crowns was higher than that of the crowns which was kept in the modified atmosphere packs.. In both cultivars examined, although variations were observed in terms of total phenolic compound, antioxidant capacity and total chlorophyll content during storage; it was found that the MAP applied heads of both cultivars had higher contents at the end of storage period. During cold storage, significant losses in appearance in both control group and MAP treated heads were observed. But with the MAP application, the loss from external appearance is limited. Thus, it can be suggested that the MAP can be used as a tool to maintain the quality of broccoli crowns stored in the cold.

Agricultural land is decreasing day by day due to erosion, environmental pollution, unconscious irrigation and fertilization. On the other hand, it is necessary to increase agricultural production in order to meet the needs of the developing industry as well as the nutritional needs of the growing population. In the recent years, nano fertilizers have begun to be produced to obtain the highest amount and quality of production from the unit area. Previous research shows that nano fertilizers cause an increase in the use efficiency of plant nutrients, reduce soil toxicity, minimize the potential adverse effects of excessive chemical fertilizer use, and reduce fertilizer application frequency. Nano fertilizers are important in agriculture to increase crop yield and nutrient use efficiency, and to reduce excessive use ofchemical fertilizers. The most important properties of these fertilizers are that they contain one or more of macro and micronutrients, they can be applied frequently in small amounts and are environmentally friendly. However, when applied at high doses, they exhibit decreasing effects on plant growth and crop yields, similar to chemical fertilizers. In this review, the definition, importan ce, and classification of nano fertilizers, their application in plant production, advantages and disadvantages and the results obtained in this field were discussed.

Biotic and abiotic stress factors can adversely affect the agricultural productivity leading to physiological and biochemical damage to crops. Therefore, the most effective way is to increase the resistance to stresses. Silicon plays a role in reducing the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses (drought, salt stress, disease and insect stress etc.) on plants. Silicon is accumulated in the cell walls and intercellular spaces and thus it has beneficial effects on disease infestations in especially small grains. The application of silicon may reduce the effects of environmental stresses on plants while making effective use of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous.Also, silicon may reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals in soil. It may protect the foliage and increase light uptake and reduce respiration. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the effects of silicon on abiotic and biotic stresses in especially field crops.

This study was planned to investigate the applicability of soilless culture technique for table grape cultivation. In the study, Yalova incisi, Trakya Ilkeren and Prima cultivars were grown using Cocopeat and Torf:Perlite (1:2) medium wit h modified Hoagland solution under soilless culture conditions under plastic cover. In the first year of the work (2014), shoot length, number of nodes and shoot diameter; in the second and third years, the effects of the applications on phenological characteristics, grape yield, cluster and 100 berry weight, must characteristics and mineral nutrient level of the leaves were examined. During the first development period, when only one shoot grows, the longest shoot length (182.5 cm) was found in the Trakya Ilkeren and the largest diameter (6.42 mm) was found in the Cocopeat medium. In the second and third crop years (2015 and 2016), the highest grape yields were observed in Prima (6731 and 4204 g vine-1, respectively) and Trakya Ilkeren (6577 and 3941 g vine-1, respectively). In both years, the highest cluster weight values were obtained from Trakya Ilkeren (506.3 and 394.1 g, respectively). In terms of yield, cluster weight and trunk diameter, Torf: Perlite (1: 2) medium gave higher values than Cocopeat medium. The results obtained from these and other traits have shown that Prima and Trakya Ilkeren cultivars grown in the soilless culture medium can achieve higher yield and sufficient qualities than those grown in open and conventional conditions. Additionally, in the research conditions, both growth medium that have been tested can be suggested for table grape cultivation in soilless culture. Keywords:

http://dergipark.gov.tr/doi/10.19159/tutad.302911