https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tutad/issue/73473/1172626

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tutad/issue/73473/1126564

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the oil extracted from Lavandula angustifolia (Province of Denizli/Türkiye) on some gram-negative/positive pathogenic microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria (by agar well diffusion, MIC test), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, metal chelating, FRAP). As a result of the analysis, it was determined by headspace/GC-MS analysis that eucalyptol was the highest with a value of 22.58%, a-linalool was the second with a value of 19.44% and linalyl acetate was 14.61%. Lavandulol, an essential component of Lavender, was determined by 1.39%. The highest antimicrobial effect of L. angustifolia oil was found on Bacillus subtilus and Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) with zone diameters of 24 to 22 mm, respectively), followed by Staph. aureus. Antibacterial effects of L. angustifolia oil on Staph. aureus, E. coli, Campliobacter jejuni, Salmonella poona, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum were detected as 17, 16, 14, 14, 12, 12, and 11 mm zone diameters, respectively. Therewithal, a significant antioxidative effect was determined by DPPH, FRAP, and metal chelating analyzes.

This research aimed to investigate resistance sources to angular leaf spot disease (Pseudocercospora griseola) on some registered bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties widely grown in Türkiye using SCAR markers (SN02, SH13, and g2303). The studies were carried out in the laboratories of Ankara University and Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Plant Protection Department in 2020-2021. The findings revealed that the most common gene among the varieties was Phg-2, followed by Phg-ON and Phg-1 genes, respectively. When bean cultivars were examined in terms of different gene combinations, it was determined that 18 cultivars had 1 gene, 41 cultivars had 2 genes, and 5 cultivars (Yalova-17, Boncuk, Aslan, Helda, Akman-98) had all three resistance genes. It is predicted that the determined resistance genes and bean varieties with combined resistance may contribute to the breeding studies to be carried out on angular leaf spot.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe members of the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) gene family including the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) binding site in Phaseolus vulgaris plants, as well as to investigate their responses to salt and drought stress. Various tools of in silico approaches were used to identify five Pvul-PIF gene families in the P. vulgaris genome. This gene family contained 324 to 726 amino acids and has molecular weights ranging from 35.11 kDa to 77.67 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric points range from 6.03 (Pvul-PIF-3.3) to 8.30 (Pvul-PIF-3.2). Pvul-PIF proteins were shown to be clustered in three main groups with Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea L., Oryza sativa, Vitis vinifera, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris species as a result of the phylogenetic study. Segmental duplication was detected between Pvul-PIF-3.2, Pvul-PIF-3.3 and Pvul-PIF-3.1 genes, Pvul-PIF-4.1 and Pvul-PIF-4.2 genes and Pvul-PIF-3.3 and Pvul-PIF-3.1 genes. When the expression patterns of the Pvul-PIF genes were examined, it was observed that they had different levels of expression under salt and drought stress and that they may be involved in specific biological and molecular processes in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses. The results of this research, which were established for the first time in response to salt and drought stress in P. vulgaris of the PIF gene family, will be a valuable source of knowledge and additional information in the fields of plant biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, and molecular biology.

This study was carried out to determine some physical properties of the pellets obtained from bagasse of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.] genotypes grown as a second crop in Sanliurfa-Türkiye conditions. In the study, after the stems of the harvested plants were squeezed and the water was removed, the remaining bagasse was dried and pellets were obtained. Physical properties such as moisture content, durability resistance, bulk density, particle density, hardness, and moisture absorption resistance affecting the pellet quality were determined. According to the two-year average results of the study, moisture content, durability, bulk density, particle density, and moisture sorption resistance ranged from 3.44 to 9.48%, 94.6 to 98.9%, 488 to 724 kg m3, 1039 to 1305 kg m3 and 9.98 to 16.60%, respectively. Hardiness resistance, on the other hand, differed according to genotypes, and it was determined as 3770 N on average in 2016 and 1908 N on average in 2017. According to the data obtained, pellets produced from sweet sorghum bagasse can be considered a renewable energy source that is not affected by ambient conditions and is easy to transport and store.

The aim of this research is to reveal the attitudes and behaviors of consumers regarding household packaging waste recycling in the urban area of Samsun-Türkiye. The Survey data consists of 384 questionnaires conducted with consumers. According to the results, 60.2% of consumers believe that there has been no social awareness about recycling yet. In addition, the majority of consumers (87%) agreed that individual awareness about recycling constitutes the first step towards achieving awareness on the social level. The most obvious consumer attitude identified in the research is that more effort should be made to recycling (4.33). Important consumer behaviors about recycling are; not buying packaged products that pollute the environment (3.88), warning family and friends about recycling (3.81), and reacting to the environmentally damaging behaviors of unknown people (3.74). The main objective in raising the awareness of consumers about recycling should be to recycle household packaging waste in a short time at a low cost. However, to prevent the harm of waste to human health and the environment, manufacturers and authorized institutions have important duties along with consumers. A significant amount of added value in terms of the economy will be increased through creating awareness at the social level about the recycling of household packaging waste, minimizing the damage to humans and the environment, and preventing resource waste.

In this study, the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography technique using Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-4-aminobenzamidine gel and its immobilization with glutaraldehyde was investigated. Using ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity gel, xanthine oxidase was purified 643.04-fold in an 11.5% yield. The purity of the enzyme was checked by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single band around 150 kDa was observed. KM (the Michaelis constant) and VMax (the asymptotic reaction velocity at infinite substrate concentration) of the enzyme were determined at 1.67x10-4 M and 0.56 U/mL.min respectively by using a xanthine compound as a substrate. The in vitro effects of NH4F, NH4Cl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, HgCl2, Hg(NO3)2.H2O compounds and commercially named colchicum dispert, commonly used in the treatment of gout disease in the clinic, were investigated. The IC50 values of compounds showing inhibition effects were determined. Afterward, XO was immobilized with glutaraldehyde. The highest XO activity was observed in the sample of the immobilized enzyme at a rate of 6% glutaraldehyde. The kinetic constants (KM and VMax) of the immobilized enzyme were determined as 5.18x10-4 M and 0.73 U mL-1 min-1 respectively. These values revealed that the catalytic activity of the free enzyme was higher than the immobilized enzyme.

Environmental and climatic fluctuations as well as abiotic stress factors affect agricultural production and cause a loss in quality and yield. It is important to find alternative solutions for the sustainability of agricultural production to feed the increasing population. Salt stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stress factors and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production is also affected by salt stress since it needs extensive irrigation for high yield. The exogenous application of some plant inducers showed promising results in the induction and improvement of plant tolerance to stress factors. Chitosan (2-amino-2-deoxy-b-D-glucosamine), one of the organic compounds, is getting significant attention in agriculture with its potential. Here, we evaluated the potential of chitosan application for salt stress tolerance on tomato. 0.03% and 0.05% chitosan solutions were applied as a foliar spray to the plant and salt tolerance improvement were investigated under untreated (0 mM NaCl) and 100 mM NaCl conditions. The growth-related (root and shoot diameters, above and below-ground biomass, number of leaves and branches, and plant height), photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoid content), and ion leakage were investigated. According to the results, chitosan application improves plant development in both untreated and salt-stress conditions and improved plant growth. Also, photosynthetic parameters showed that the application of chitosan increased chlorophyll contents under untreated conditions. Our result suggests that the application of chitosan may have a promising effect on salt stress tolerance and further research may shed light on its molecular mechanisms.

This study was carried out in 2018 at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops to examine the germination and seedling growth of gibberellic acid (GA3) treated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seeds at different salt concentrations. The experiment was conducted in Petri dishes in the germination cabinet according to the split-plots design with 3 replications. In the study, seeds were kept at 4 different GA3 doses (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) for 24 hours and then germinated at 5 different salt doses (0, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm NaCl). In the study, germination rate, shoot length, root length, shoot and root fresh weights and shoot and root dry weights were investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that all traits except germination rate were significantly (p<0.01) affected by salt stress, and the effect of GA3 application on all traits except root dry weight was insignificant. In the study, the germination rate of sorghum seeds varied between 69.33% and 89.33%. According to the results of the study, shoot length was measured between 4.64 cm (10000 ppm NaCl) and 9.79 cm (control), root length was measured between 3.13 cm (10000 ppm NaCl) and 6.05 cm (control), shoot fresh weight was determined between 18.96 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 49.49 mg plant-1 (control); root fresh weight was determined between 5.43 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 15.15 mg plant-1, shoot dry weight was varied between 2.32 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 4.67 mg plant-1 (control); and root dry weight varied between 0.58 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 0.99 mg plant-1 (control). Apart from the germination ratio, other properties were negatively affected by the increase in salt concentration. The GA3 applications evaluated in the study, on the other hand, did not have an effect on mitigating these negative effects of salt stress. As a result, it is seen that more comprehensive studies are needed to obtain more precise results about the effects of GA3 application on sorghum seeds germinated in saline conditions.

In this research, it was aimed to determine the effects of different salinity levels on yield and some quality parameters of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) growing in floating system during two consecutive growing seasons between November (Growing period 1: YD1) and February (Growing period 2: YD2) in unheated greenhouse conditions. In the study, standard Hoagland solution was filled in pools with a dimension of 2.40x1.40x0.30 m and receiving 400 liters of solution, and the control treatment [Electrical conductivity (EC): 1.8 mS cm-1] and three salinity levels (EC: 2.8, 3.8 and 4.8 mS cm-1) were compared. Desired salinity levels were achieved by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to the solution. In the study, the total yield, vitamin C, nitrate and potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contents of cress plants were investigated. According to the results of the study, the total yield varied between 730.48-1563.84 g m-2 in the first growing period and between 386.93-936.24 g m-2 in the second growing period. While the highest total yield was obtained in the control treatment (1.8 mS cm-1), the yield values decreased by increasing nutrient salinity levels. Vitamin C content of cress leaves varied between 3.80-5.51 mg g-1, and nitrate content was between 67.79-238.15 mg kg-1. In the study, K content varied between 0.304-0.472%, Na content 0.033-0.044%, Ca content 0.977-2.490%, and Mg content between 0.168-0.176%, and these values were found to be consistent with reference values. When the overall results were evaluated, it was concluded that the total yield values decreased with the increase in the salinity level in the nutrient solution, but the yield value at the higher salt level (3.8 mS cm-1) in the winter months (YD2) was high, and the studies should be continued considering by the light and temperature differences.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main elements that cause heavy metal pollution, which is one of the important types of environmental pollution. There is a constant quest to reduce or eliminate the effects of Cd pollution. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of these possible solutions. PGPRs not only increase plant growth but also protect plants against organic and inorganic stresses. In this study, the effects of three different Pseudomonas strains (MS-7, MS-12, and MS-13) on morphological and pomological characteristics of three different strawberry cultivars (Rubygem, Kabarla, and YFL) exposed to three different Cd doses (0, 100 and 300 mg kg-1) were investigated to determine the effectiveness of PGPR against Cd toxicity in strawberry. To this end, root collar diameter (RCD), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), shot fresh weight (SFW), shot dry weight (SDW), leaf area (LA), mean fruit weight (MFW), mean fruit length (MFL), and mean fruit diameter (MFD) were examined. It was observed that the effects of different Pseudomonas strains were cultivar-specific and affected some parameters more. Rubygem MS-7 bacterial strain preserved SDW (3.21 g) and MS-12 bacterial strain preserved RFW (13.01 g) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. In Kabarla MS-7 bacterial strain preserved RDW (3.72 g) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose and MS-12 bacterial strain preserved SFW (15.27 g) at 100 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. Likewise, in YFL, MS-13 bacterial strains preserved MFW (7.509 g) and RL (30.00 cm) at 300 mg kg-1 Cd dose, and MS-7 bacterial strain preserved LA (57.87 cm2) at 100 mg kg-1 Cd dose significantly better against Cd toxicity than other bacterial strains. The results of the study showed that formulations containing Pseudomonas sp. can be used as an agricultural improver in areas with heavy metal pollution. As a result of the study, it was observed that PGPR applications were effective in preserving the morphological and pomological characteristics that decreased with the increase in Cd dose.

The aim of this study is to determine the spatial change of urbanization in different years and the effect of this change on agricultural lands by using Remote Sensing (RS) methods and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the Selçuklu district of Konya province in Türkiye, where there is a significant shrinkage in the agricultural land availability from year to year. In the study; NDVI and NDBI indexes were calculated on Landsat 5-8 satellite images, based on GIS, and distribution maps were prepared to visualize the changes in urban and agricultural areas for the years 2001, 2014 and 2021. It has been determined that the agricultural areas, which were 79300.63 ha in 2001, decreased to 50167.97 ha in 2021, and the urban areas, which were 9265.19 ha in 2001, expanded to 15690.5 ha in 2021. In addition, land capability classes and soil distribution maps of the study area were created and areas that were not suitable for settlement were determined. As a result; In the sectoral sense, while there are gains on one side, there are losses on the other. For this reason, it has been determined that the expansion in urban areas means the narrowing of agricultural areas in particular, that urban areas have grown by 3.35% in the last 20 years, and a loss of 15.18% has been experienced in agricultural areas. In addition, it has been determined that settlements and other artificial areas spread on alluvial lands and agricultural production lands.

Dairy farming is one of the agricultural activities with high added economic value. Remarkable technical and economic developments have occurred in the dairy cow farming sector through subsidies. However, it is difficult to say that Türkiye has reached the level of developed countries in terms of productivity, quality, and hygiene practices in dairy cattle farming. In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting the consciousness levels of dairy cow raisers about the practices related to animal health and welfare in addition to milk safety and hygiene in dairy cow farming. The study was conducted in three districts of Samsun province. The data were collected from 82 dairy cattle farms according to the stratified random sampling method. The results showed that 69.51% of the farms have milking units, 51.22% have delivery rooms, 52.44% have calf cages, 80.49% have an infirmary, and 81.71% have walking areas. While udder cleaning was carried out in all dairy farms, the udder drying procedure was applied in 74.39% of the farms. The percentage of farms with mastitis control (3.66%), wearing gloves (3.66%), and wearing milking outfits (8.54%) were found to be quite low. It is essential to raise the awareness level of milk safety and hygiene in terms of protecting public health, rehabilitating barn conditions, and maintaining animal welfare.