We have synthesized three different hexagonal Magnetoplumbite (M) types of ferrites by standard ceramic method at a high temperature of 1403 K. These ferrites are namely Lanthanum La substituted for Fe in Barium (BaLa0.2Fe11.8O19), Strontium (SrLaFe11O19)), Calcium (CaLa0.5Fe11.5O19) ferrites. Their characterization is performed by using X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Magnetic Studies By Quincks method. The XRD studies of te sample are very interesting. Lanthanum substitution Sr and Ca ferrites the 2? and d values are nearly same for the maximum intense planes of 1 and 2 order diffraction peaks at (107) and (114) planes, however lanthanum substitution for Ba gets reversed for the same intense planes. These three ferrites crystallize into hexagonal magnetoplumbite structure with lattice parameters, for Ba: a = 5.87 Å, c = 22.17 Å for Sr; a= 5.82 Å, c= 22.10 Å, Ca: a= 5.81 Å, c= 21.87 Å. The SEM studies for Ba and Sr indicate the morphology of the samples to be regular equal in size and are hexagonal in shape, however the SEM micrographs of Ca ferrite are irregular in shape. The EDX studies shows the exact presence of pure elements Sr, La, Fe and O present in the sample

Three local extenders obtained from three different locations in the Akure area of Ondo State, Nigeria earlier processed, characterized and reported were used to produce interior decorative emulsion paints of Pigment Volume Concentration within the range of 74 – 76 %. Tests were carried out on the produced paint samples to ascertain their homogeneity, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, opacity, resistance to abrasion, resistance to external exposure, water dropping, dry times, fineness, temperature stability, colour, application properties, resistance to fungal and bacterial attack, application properties, re-coating properties, dry film resistance to fungal growth, adhesion to substrate, chalking, checking and cracking, flooding and floating and settling resistance. The properties of the paints produced with the local extenders were compared with those of the paint produced with commercial kaolin as extender and all properties of the paints were compared with the standard requirements stipulated by the NIS 269:2008 Standard. Results showed that the properties of the paints made with the local extenders met the required service requirements. The paints made with the local extenders offered better opacity on morest chart and substrate as well as higher abrasion resistance when compared with the paint made with commercial kaolin as extender.

A sol-gel method for the synthesis of Indium Tin Oxide films on glass substrate and their structural, electrical and optical characterization is presented in this paper. ITO films were deposited at room temperature by spin coating technique using a solution of ITO nano-powder in methanol (CH3OH) n-propyl alcohol (CH3(CH2)2OH) (1:1) solution. The surface morphology of the films was investigated by Fluoroscence Microscope (FM) and the surface smoothness of the films improved after annealing. The electrical resistivity of the films was measured using Van Der Pauw method and the resistivity is found in 10-1 O.cm range. The conductivity as well as smoothness of the films was increased with increasing number of layers and heat treatment. Optical transmittance and absorbance of the films were measured by Ultra Violet (UV) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300nm - 800nm. In the visible and infrared range, the films exhibit low absorbance and high optical transmittance. The direct optical band gap (Eg) of the films was calculated using absorption coefficient (a) and the values of Eg is found in the range 3.5 ~ 3.7 eV. The optical band gap is slightly increased after annealing for lower thickness samples due to increased carrier concentration.

Rosemary extract usage as a natural material to prevent the decomposition of free fatty acids (pure oleic acid) was investigated in this study. Free fatty acids in general are an important composition of edible oils and other food stuff. Monitoring of fatty acids direct in edible oils is impossible mission because they are in low level in real samples and interferences from other components with similar structure are too high. Pure oleic acid was used as model compound to further understand its decomposition under thermal treatment at boiling point into aldehydes and other components and to show the effect of rosemary oil. Density and iodine value were analyzed for all samples followed by FTIR-spectroscopy. Pure oleic acid, oleic acid with stainless steel Cr-Ni as a catalytic presence and third samples contain oleic acid, stainless steel and rosemary oil 1 % as an antioxidant component were analyzed. Density and iodine value decrease which is an indication of structural changes of oleic acid. FTIR spectroscopy on the other hand shows clearly the structural changes and furthermore confirms that presence of rosemary oil on oleic acid with stainless steel Cr-Ni plays the role of a natural protective agent against decomposition of oleic acid.

Precipitation behaviour of commercially available pure aluminium with trace impurities throughout repeated melting has been carried out. Cold rolled alloy samples are isochronally aged for 60 minutes at different temperatures. Isothermal ageing is carried out at 250ºC temperatures of cold rolled samples for different time up to 240 minutes. Hardness values of the aged alloys have been measured to comprehend the precipitation behaviour of the alloys with trace impurities. Trace impurities causes small age hardening effect as well as they pin moving grain boundaries and inhibit grain growth. The kinetics of precipitation of metastable phase in trace added alloys are found to be controlled by the diffusion of GP zones in aluminium. The results of this study confirmed a positive influence of alloy remelting upon the material properties and structure. The SEM images of fracture surfaces show spherical “dimples” correspond to microvoids that initiate crack formation and with the increasing of impurities the dimples of the fracture surfaces ever more decrease and become shallower.