The aim of this study was to examine the effect of teaching therapic interventions on tolerability of disappointed mothers with autism child. The sample included 50 mothers with autism child that they were selected by random sampling and divided into 2 control and treatment groups. Tolerability and teaching therapic interventions questionnaires were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and covariance analysis were used to analyze data. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between therapic interventions and tolerability.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between level of ability and participation in the classroom in elementary school students in Aligudarz. To achieve the purpose of this study, active students were identified using checklists and then by performing functional tests, their level of ability is measured. The statistical population of the study consisted of the third grade students of Aligudarz city in the academic year of 1396-97. Then, 50 of them were selected through a targeted sampling method. The findings of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the level of students’ ability and their participation in the classroom. For this reason, dynamic students in the classroom are progressing, but non-dynamic students do not make much progress. By using the methods outlined in this text, student participation increases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of training on improving the classroom management techniques based on the Adler-Dreikurs approach to self-efficacy and psychological well-being of teachers. This study is a semi-experimental plan with pretest and posttest with the control group. The statistical population of this study is all primary-school teachers in Mazandaran Province in which teach in classrooms. The pretests were done by random clustering method in three primary schools, and then twenty of them were randomly selected and chosen , and they were randomly assigned into two groups of ten (control and experimental). The number of sessions was ten-training ones about 90 minutes. They were organized according to a six-step structure. These meetings are in line with the psychological approach to improve education and school communication based on the views of Rudolf, Adler and Dreikurs. Moreover, assignments were given to the experimental group. In this study, two questionnaires, which include general Sherr’s self-efficacy scale and Ryff’s psychological well-being scale were filled out respectively for both groups, that is, the control group and the experimental group. Levine and covariance-analysis tests were used to analyze the data from averages, means, variances, standard deviations and standard deviation errors. Research findings indicate that the teachers of the control and experimental groups have no significant differences in the level of descriptive characteristics of self-efficacy and psychological well-being in the pretest. Nevertheless, the level of these features in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group in the posttest. However, these changes were not seen in the control group. As the philosophy behind the Adler and Dreikurs concept of education is democratic and mutual respect; and the application of its principles and ideas in education, the workplace, or wherever people interact with each other, they can lead to positive participation and public health. The results of this research provide a good insight into social and educational policy and plans, and they help teachers to achieve the goals of education, skills and understanding in order to meet the challenges. Thus, they provide the development of the mission of the educational system and society.

The purpose of this study was to predict marital disaffection based on developmental family function and compare these variables in couples in employed and unemployed groups in Ilam city. The present study is correlational with respect to its purpose and implementation method. The statistical population of this study is all couples referring to counseling centers of Ilam city during winter 2017. Based on convenience sampling method, first of all, among the couples who were eager to participate in the study with the necessary qualifications such as 1) at least having high school diploma 2) age range from 20 to 40 3) passing of at least one year of marriage, 248 couples (124 women and 124 men) with the necessary qualifications were selected for this study. The instruments used in this study were Marital Disaffection Scale (Painez, 1996) and Family Function Questionnaire (Epestin et al, 1983). Inferential statistics (independent sample T-test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient and Multivariate analysis of regression were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that there is a reverse and significant relationship between marital disaffection and developmental family function at 95% confidence level. Also, in the second hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the mean of six components of developmental family function in couples of employed and unemployed groups. According to the results, the mean of six components in couples of employed group is higher than unemployed group. The results of the third hypothesis of the study which suggest that there is a significant difference between the mean of marital disaffection in the two groups of employed and unemployed is accepted. The mean of marital disaffection in the couples of unemployed group is higher than couples of employed group. Therefore, the variable of developmental family function predicts couples’ marital disaffection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits (introversion-extraversion) and the source of control with coping skills in sixth-grade elementary school students in Ghaemshahr city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, was a descriptive correlation research. The statistical population of this study consists of 3,379 six-grade elementary school students in Ghaemshahr city. Based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, 346 students were selected by stratified random sampling method based on gender. To collect data, Eysenck Personality Inventory (1965) with 57 questions, Rutter’s Source Control Questionnaire (1966) with 29 questions, and Lazarus and Volkman’s Coping Skills Questionnaire (1988) with 66 questions was used. Validity and reliability of tools was confirmed. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality trait of introversion and the source of control with the coping skills of the emotional-focused, but there is a negative and significant relationship between the personality trait of extraversion and the coping skill of the emotional-focused. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality trait of extraversion and the problem-oriented coping skill, but there is a significant negative relationship between the control source and the problem-oriented coping skill, but there is no significant relationship between the personality trait of introvert and the problem-oriented coping skill.

The purpose of the this study was to investigate the configuration between the university fields of the Farhangian and the syllabus of the courses with the strengthening of the sustainable development which is conducted using “Document Research” and “Development Critique”. The research is classified into three levels. The first level is the theoretical topics which are studied through investigating study, the study papers and the library of theoretical capacity. After decoding, the components of sustainable development of extraction are studied, and the axial encoding is done thorough examination of academic courses and content. On the third level, the setting of the components of study and conceptualizations are discussed below the concepts. Finally, the results get analyzed. The results indicate that some of the titles are clearly defined, and some of them are implicitly and subtly aligned with the “social”, “organizational” and “technological” sustainability concepts. However, the economic and biological sustainability are not the focus of the content. Besides, the content of some subjects do not mention any sustainable development. On the other hand, given the fact that the foundation for sustainable development is the strengthening of professional technical courses, the Farhangian University is specialized in training teachers in theoretical fields; and except for the “Academic School Physical Education instructor”, it does not cover the “Vocational Physical Education instructor”.