In this study, the physicochemical water quality changes in Behice village’s stream which is in the south of Çamlihemsin district in the city of Rize and one of the tributary of Firtina River due to using chemical fertilizer in the region were researched within February 2011 and June 2011 (before and during fertilization). This research was carried out along the joint forestry, forestry-agricultural and totally agricultural land of Behice, Çayirdüzü and Dikkaya Villages of Çamlihemsin, to obtain of the effect of the use of fertilizers around agricultural land on surface water of the stream via researching the physicochemical water quality findings such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium and phosphate ions as well as basic water quality parameters from 8 different chosen stations on the river profiles, which are under the effect of forestry land without any fertilizers, tea land with fertilizers and some mixed land (of tea and forest). According to the findings of the study, the use of fertilizers in the region is significant in terms of their effects on the water quality of surface water resources. However, it is understood that these differences are not statistically significant in terms of time and use of land compared to other factors except ammonia nitrogen. Water quality concentrations measured in the study are 1st class (very clean) according to Water Quality Standards of Water Pollution and Control Regulation of Turkey and they are only 2nd class (polluted a little) in terms of nitrite.

The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic profile, serotyping and identification of isolated bacteria from disease outbreaks in cultured rainbow trout juveniles transferred to seawater at 8°C floating net cages in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The kidney and spleen of diseased rainbow trout that showed typical disease symptoms was streaked on the surface of T-TSA (added with 1.5% sodium chloride) and TCBS, and was incubated in the cooled incubator at 20±1°C for 48 hours. To identify of isolated bacteria was carried out by using slide agglutination, API 20E, PCR and conventional biochemical tests. V. anguillarum isolates were detected serotype O1, and sequenced PCR products were confirmed to be similar to V. anguillarum strain at the rate of 99% (with accession numbers: LK021130) compered in GenBank database. Results of the testing susceptibility to antibiotics showed that V. anguillarum isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin, erythromycin and oxytetracyclin, but all strains were found susceptible to oxolinic acid, enrofloxacin and florfenicol.

The proposed study introduces each of root, stalk, leaf, flowers and seed of Crithmum maritimum is extracted with five ifferent organic solvents such as chlorophorm, hexane, acetone, ethanol and methanol. Antibacterial activities of these extracts were tested against four Gram (+) bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium; five Gram (-) bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli K-12, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method.In conclusion, it was determined that Crithmum maritimum has got antibacterial activity.

In this study, different cooking methods (frying with oil, frying without oil, and barbecue) were tried on anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus), they were stored in the fridge at (+4±1 °C); and then their biochemical, physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory changes were investigated. At the end of the storage period, the ratios of dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat were measured as 49,32%, 3,06%, 32,85%, 13,33% in the fried anchovies with oil the fried, 58,02%, 2,14%, 33,55%, 23,06% in fried anchovies without oil and 57,14%, 2,78%, 36,30%, 17,53% in cooked anchovies on the barbecue, respectively. In addition, the ratios of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and Trimethylamine (TMA) are 28,70 mg/100g, 6,34 mg MA/kg, 0,68 mg/100g in the fried anchovies without oil, 32,30 mg/100g, 6,64 mg MA/kg, 1,04 mg/100g in the fried anchovies with oil, and 33,60 mg/100g, 5,01 mg MA/kg, 0,89 mg/100g in the anchovies cooked on the barbecue, respectively. According to the sensory evaluations, the fried anchovies without oil were favored more than the other two groups, and also were found in the limit values during the storage. However, the values of the fried anchovies with oil and the anchovies that were cooked on the barbecue decreased below the limits. The samples remained within the quality limit values microbiologically during the storage period. According to these results, it was determined that the healthiest cooking method was frying without oil which remains within the consumable limit values for 18 days, has longer durability than other groups.

Versatile evaluation of agricultural products an important issue of increasing importance with each passing day. Evaluating of other spin-off products except green tea, such as tea seed, tea waste, etc.., that can be increased revenues from a hand unit area, and on the other hand environmental problems cause waste materials can be removed to minimize or may eliminated. The aim of this study was to determine oil content of tea seeds and leaves according to elevation and soil characteristics. According to results, it was not determined essential oil from tea seeds even though trace amounts. According to levation, tea seed oil ratio was different in statistically significant levels. The highest amount of oil ratio was determined 24.30% in the second elevation (asl 800m), while the lowest amount of oil content was determined 19.85% in the third altitude (asl, 1100 m). Negative relationship were determined among the soil characterists of clay, silt, pH, nitrogen content and elevations. According to elevation, essential oil content in dried tea leaves in the room conditions first increased and then decreased again. The highest amount of oil ratio in tea leaves was determined in the second elevation (asl 800m), while the lowest amount of oil content tea leaves was determined in the third altitude (asl, 1100 m). It was determined strongly negative relationships between clay and oil content in dried tea leaves in the room conditions.

Considering its importance and lack of information on its genetic structure, in this study, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the annular seabream Diplodus annularis (L.) in the Turkish Seas was determined using the partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (997 bp). Localities where annular seabream samples collected were as follows: the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Adana), the western Mediterranean Sea (Antalya), the Aegean Sea (Izmir), the Marmara Sea (Canakkale and Istanbul), Mid-Black Sea (Sinop) and the Eastern Black Sea (Rize). The population genetic structure was estimated through pairwise FST, analysis of molecular variance and phylogenetic analyses (NJ, MP, ML and BI). As a result the genetic variability was low among the population based on haplotype and nucleotide diversities of cytochrome b gene. However, phylogenetic analyses of the cyt b haplotypes showed up there are two possible genetic groups (the Aegean-Mediterranean and Marmara-Black Sea) suggesting that the presence of restricted migration at the Straits of Dardanelles, separating the Aegean and Marmara Seas.

Determination of the pathogenic protozoan fish parasites and their host fish very important issue. In this study, the protozoan parasides sampled from the skins and gills of the some fish species captured in Rize, which is located in North-Eastern part of Turkey, were investigated. During the study, five different protozoan parasite species (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necator, Trichodina sp. Chilodonella sp, ve Apiosoma sp.) were determined on the fish sampled from fish farm and aquarium environments, as rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis), spotted cichlid (Cichlasoma severum), beta (Betta splendens), goldfish (Carassius auratus), angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) and discus (Symphsodon discus).

In this study, physiological reaction of the Black Sea trout was aimed to identified, during the Black Sea transferring period to Black Sea (18‰).After salty water treatment of the two similar groups in November, individual morphometric adaptation success was identified. Fish in both groups were sorted evaluated fish parr marks formations, because of smoltification adaptation success. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that Black Sea trout could be successful after total length of 11.5 cm. Experimental fish group, measured as 11 cm mean length and 11.6 g mean weighed were divided two similar groups randomly. Both groups were fed under the Black Sea salinity and fresh water condition during the November-April period. At the end of the five moth feeding period, mean lengths were reached to 15.8±2.79 cm in seawater, 16.1±2.05 cm in fresh water conditions. During the exposure of the required size fish to 18‰ salinity, blood plasma sodium and chlorine ion concentrations were increased in first 3 days, then stabilized after 7th day. Blood potassium ion concentration were decreased until 17th day, then stabilized. When fish were exposed to ocean salty water (30‰), blood ion concentrations were relatively stabilized after 14th day. During the salty water adaptation period, there is no mortality under 18‰ salty water, but totally 10% mortality was observed in 30‰ salty water exposures. As a conclusion, it was determined that Black Sea trout bigger sized than 11.5 cm length could be adapted to Black Sea salinity (18‰), and physiologic adaptation duration could be reached to 17 days. During the releasing applications to the marine water of the Black Sea trout, if 17 day adaptation period of the identified minimum capable sized fish are taken in to consideration, groups’ competition ability and survival rate will be increased.